Walrus - Babban dabba mai kauri mai kauri. Maza suna da manyan jijiyoyin fata a wuya da kafaɗa. Mafi girma daga wadannan abubuwan girma, yadda suke bayyanuwa ga mace. Lokacin farin ciki na fata ya kai 10 cm, kuma mai kitse mai zurfi - cm cm 15. Maza sun fi girma fiye da mace - nauyin wasu mutane ya kai tan 2, amma yawanci baya wuce 800 - 1500 kg. Matan sun yi awo 500 - 800. Tsawon tsoffin walruses shine 2 - 3.5 m.

Matasan walrus suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi tare da gashin launin shuɗi. Dabbobin da suka manyanta suna “aske” lokaci-lokaci, kuma fatar jikinsu tana ɗaukar haske kamar inuwa. Tsoffin mutane a ƙarshen rayuwa sun zama kusan ruwan hoda.

Wani sanannen fasalin waɗannan pinnipeds babban daskararre ne. Tsawonsu zai iya kai mita 1. Suna taimakon dabbar a lokacin da suke motsawa a kan wani yanki mai santsi da kuma kankara kankara. Tushen katako ne na katako wanda aka kafa zuwa ƙasa. A cikin maza sun fi girma kuma ana amfani dasu don gwagwarmaya tare da wasu maza yayin lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin. Maza tare da manyan dabbar giwaye suna mamaye wani yanki a cikin garken.

Zzlearfin kunar yana da fadi, tare da daskararrun ƙarancin antennae-setae a lebe na sama. Idanun suna kanana. Hanyoyin kunne suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin fata kuma basu da hanyar fita. Wutsiya tana ƙarami. Flippers na gaba yana haɓaka da kyau, yana bawa walruses damar motsawa ƙasa ko ƙasa bisa al'ada, sabanin sauran pinnipeds, waɗanda kawai zasuyi rarrafe a ƙasa.

Akwai walrus uku da ke da ƙananan bambance-bambance na waje - Pacific, Atlantic, da kuma Tekun Laptev.

Walrus. Hoto da bidiyo na walruses. Bayanin, haihuwa, gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da walruses.

Yawan walrus na Pacific mafi girma duka a lamba da girman dabbobi. Tana zaune a gabar tekun arewa na gabashin Siberiya, tsibirin Wrangel, a arewacin Alaska. A cikin hunturu, garkunan awaki suna motsawa zuwa kudu - zuwa Tekun Berengovo, zuwa Kamchatka da kuma zuwa gabar kudu na Alaska. Dangane da kididdigar zamani, yawan mutane dubu 200 ne.

Harshen Warin Atlanta karami kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na danginsu na Pacific Tana zaune a arewacin Kanada, Greenland da kuma yankin yammacin Arctic na Rasha. Mutun ya kusan lalata shi gaba ɗaya a dalilin kamun kifi da ba'a sarrafa shi ba. Adadin yawan mutane - mutane 15 - dubu 20.

Laptev walrus yawan jama'a mafi karami - kusan mutane dubu 5. An ware ta da sauran al'ummomin da ke cikin Tekun Laptev da kuma Tekun Kara.

Halayya da Sakewa

Walrus dabbobi ne masu yawan gaske waɗanda suke taimakawa juna da tallafawa juna koyaushe. Tare suna kiyaye thean sandar, suna nuna alama mai haɗari, kuma gaba ɗaya suna da daɗin rai ga duk mahalarta cikin garken. Iyakar abin da walruses ya juya cikin zalunci shine lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin. A wannan lokacin, mazan da suka manyanta maza ke yakar juna don 'yancin aure da mace kuma sun mamaye wani matsayi a cikin garken. Sauran lokacin, dabbobi ba su da tashin hankali. Ba sa nuna adawa ga abokan gabansu na asali, har da mutane, duk da cewa an sami bayanan manyan hare-hare da kango a kan kwale-kwalen - manyan manyan hajojin su na iya rarrabuwar jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici.

Walrus. Hoto da bidiyo na walruses. Bayanin, haihuwa, gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da walruses.

Garkunan Walrus koyaushe suna sanya jakadu a duk faɗin yankin rookery. Sentinels, dogaro da jin warinsu, ji da gani, lura da berar pola da mutane, waɗanda sune manyan maƙiyansu a cikin yanayi. A cikin haɗari, mai gadi ya ɗaga murya mai ƙarfi yana farkawa abokan aikin bacci. An jefa garken cikin ruwa kuma yana iya ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ruwa har zuwa minti 30, har sai haɗarin ya ɓace. Gabaɗaya, duk da girman su mai ban sha'awa, walruses suna ƙoƙari kada suyi yaƙi da kowa, suna fifita su koma baya zuwa nesa mai aminci. Wani mutum, da sanin takaicin walruses, yakan zage dantse a gefe yayin da yake nemansa, yana ƙoƙarin kada ya bayar da kasancewarsa har sai lokacin ƙarshe.

Babban abincin abinci na walruses yana kunshe da invertebrates daban-daban, shrimps, tsutsotsi na teku, kukis na teku, mollusks, crabs, da ƙananan kifi. Wani lokaci ana buga hatiman, amma irin waɗannan lokuta suna da wuya sosai. Walrus ba sa ƙin ɗaukar kaya.

Suna ciyar da wurare marasa iyaka. Ba su da mafi kyawun halitta idan aka kwatanta da sauran pinnipeds kuma ba sa nutsewa ƙarƙashin ruwa mai zurfi sama da 80 m. A ƙasa mai datti, suna kewayawa da fahariya (antennae-bristles a saman lebe). Yayin ciyarwa, walrus ba ya amfani da dabbar tafin, amma yana tono ƙasa tare da taimakon ƙashin hanu da kuma ɓangaren ɓangaren maƙallan. Duk da ommuvorousness da gulma, dabba ba ta da mummunan sakamako mai illa ga halittu cikin "wuraren kiwo". Ta hanyar kwance ƙasa, walrus ɗin yana sakin abubuwan gina jiki mai zurfi a cikin karkatarwa, ta haka yana samar da yanayi mai kyau don ci gaba da ƙananan dabbobin.

Walrus. Hoto da bidiyo na walruses. Bayanin, haihuwa, gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da walruses.

Walruses yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30 a cikin daji. Maza sun kai ga balaga har zuwa shekara 7, amma yawanci basa yin aure har sai sun cika shekara 15. Mata suna shirye don daukar ciki tuni tun yana da shekaru 4-6. Ovulation (lokacin yiwuwar yin ciki) a cikin mace yana faruwa a ƙarshen bazara da kuma a watan Fabrairu, amma maza suna shirye don aboki ne kawai a cikin zagawar watan Fabrairu. Masana kimiyya ba sa fahimtar dalilin ovulation na bazara na mata.

A farkon hunturu, maza ba zata daina cin abinci ba, suna shirin matsewa. Ana tara mata, suna bayyana kansu cikin salon sauti, gasa wacce a koyaushe take kaiwa ga fada a kan jita-jita. Mata suna zavar namijin da suke so kuma suna tare da shi a cikin ruwa. Cutar ciki har zuwa watanni 16. Cubs suna bayyana kowace shekara 3-4. An haife kananan yara tsakanin Afrilu da Yuni kuma suna iya iyo daga haihuwa. Yaron ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa har zuwa shekaru 5. Matasan walruses suna kiyaye shi ta dukkan garke. A lokutan haɗari, mata suna rufe withan uwansu da jikinsu don kada wani ya soke su da haɗari idan tsoro ya koma cikin ruwa. Yayin yin iyo, ɗan maraƙin da ke gajiya na iya hawa kan duk wani ɗan dattijo da shakatawa.

Matsayin jama'a da kuma alaƙa da mutum

A cikin karni na 18-19. kamun kifin na kasuwannin ruwa wanda ke lalata tekun Atlantika ya haifar da kusan ƙarshen lalata wannan dabbar. A halin yanzu, farauta don haramun ne a koina, amma an ba wasu 'yan asalin arewacin arewa damar girbe rusan ƙaramar walrus, amma ya wajaba don amfanin kansu tare da haramcin sayar da nama, mai ko ƙashin dabbobi. Don Turai, jita-jita nama walrus ba ze da daɗi, amma dafaffen harshen walrus ana ɗaukar shi mai ɗanɗano ne.

Walrus. Hoto da bidiyo na walruses. Bayanin, haihuwa, gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da walruses.

Chukchi, Yupik (Yankin Gabashin Rasha) da Inuit (Arewacin Amurka) suna cin naman walrus duk lokacin hunturu, ana adana fins kuma an adana har sai lokacin bazara, ana amfani da haɓaka da ƙashi don yin kayan aiki da dama, gemuna da kayan ado. Fata mai kauri mara ruwa - don adon gidaje da kwale-kwale. Akwai wadatattun kayan gini na zamani a arewaci mafi nisa, kuma walrus ba su sake yin wannan muhimmiyar rawa don rayuwa ba kamar shekaru 100 da suka gabata, amma har yanzu ga yawancin igenan asalin ƙasar da suke ci gaba da buƙata, kuma sassar fata walrus da bugun fata suna da mahimman tsari.

Yawan adadin walrus yana da wuya a ƙayyade. Ba a fahimta da yawan haihuwa da dabbobi da mutuwar su. Ya haɗu da lissafin da mawuyacin yanayin yanayi na mazaunin walrus. A halin yanzu an rarrabe mai walimar Pacific a matsayin dokar da ke cikin hatsarin Dokar Laifi mai Hadari. Atlanta walrus na Atlantika da kuma Laptev suna cikin jeri na Red Book of Russia kuma an sanya su ga na biyu (raguwa a lambobi) da na uku (mafi wuya) ƙungiyoyi masu rahusa, bi da bi.

Sakamakon dumamar duniya wani yanki ne na damuwa da masana kimiyyar dabbobi. Girma da kauri na kankara fakiti (tare da kauri a kalla mita 3 da girmi shekaru 2) yana raguwa koyaushe, wanda ke shafar yawan haihuwar dabbobi da kuma bacewar wuraren zama.

Dangane da ƙididdigar daban-daban, yawan adadin walrus shine 200-250 dubu.

Walrus. Hoto da bidiyo na walruses. Bayanin, haihuwa, gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da walruses.

Bayanan Walrus mai ban sha'awa

• A lokacin shekarun kankara na ƙarshe, an rarraba walruses har zuwa digiri 37 na arewa. Wannan tabbacin yana samo tabbataccen tarihin wanda ya kasance mai shekaru 28,000 years. kusa da San Francisco a Amurka. A daidai wannan latina ita ce iyakar arewacin Afirka, Girka, Japan, Turkiya.
• Duk da girman su, wasu lokutan kisa whales ke kaiwa hari.
• Tare da tsauraran hanya, falon walruses sun manne a gefen kankara, suna riƙe kansu ƙarƙashin ruwa. Suna kuma taimaka wa dabbobi su hau kan kankara mai yawa. Wannan amfani da tuss ya ba wa walrus sunaye na asali Odobenus rosmarus, wanda aka fassara daga Girkanci azaman "tafiya akan hakora."
• Cutar walrus tayi yawa har mutanen arewa suka sanya katako ba ruwa.
• A cikin ruwan sanyi, jinin jikin dabbar yana raguwa sosai, wanda ya sa fatar dabbar dabbar ta zama fari fat.

Walrus. Hoto da bidiyo na walruses. Bayanin, haihuwa, gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da walruses.

Dabbobin Walrus. Rayuwar Walrus da mazauninsu

Walrus suna daya daga cikin mazaunan arewa da ake iya sanin su. Suna da faifai maimakon kafafu waɗanda suka saba da kowa, tare da wutsiya mai kama da wutsiyar kifi. Suna kuma da manyan haɓuka, waɗanda ke ba su damar rikicewa tare da sauran dabbobi, da kuma juriya na musamman ga yanayin sanyi, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa kalmar walrus har ya zama maganar gida. Wadannan manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa sune kadai irin wadannan halittun a cikin ruwa na Arctic.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Dangane da tsarin halittar dabbobi, walruses suna cikin dangin walrus kuma ga tsarin pinnipeds. Wannan shine, suna da fiɗa a ƙafafu maimakon kafafu. M dangi na kusa da walruses sun kasance kashin kawuna, wanda suke kama da kamannin su. Na dogon lokaci, ana ganin dukkan abubuwan pinni guda ɗaya ne, amma bisa ga ka'idojin zamani, ɗayan hatimi ne kawai ke da alaƙa da walruses, hatimi na ainihi na cikin layin daban ne.

Bidiyo: Walrus

A zahiri, duka wadannan halittu da sauran dabbobin sun fito ne daga magabata daban-daban, kuma yanayin jiki da wata gabar suna bayanin yanayin rayuwa iri daya. Layi da hatimai da siran walƙiya ke ruɗuwa kusan shekaru miliyan 28 da suka gabata. Walruses kansu a cikin yanayin su na zamani sun kafa kimanin shekaru miliyan 5-8 da suka gabata kuma suka rayu a yankin Pacific. Sun zauna a cikin ruwan Arctic kusan shekara miliyan 1.

Uku dabam dabam na walrus tare da layin rubutu marasa ma'amala, da ƙananan bambance-bambancen yanayi, an rarrabe su:

• Walrus Pacific,
• Harshen Wanka,
• Laptev walrus.

Kodayake, bisa ga sakamakon binciken DNA da kuma nazarin bayanan ƙwayar cuta, masana kimiyya sun fara yarda cewa ya kamata mu ƙi yin la’akari da ƙungiyar Laptev walrus a zaman mai zaman kanta. Duk da bambancin kewayon waɗannan walruses, ana iya la'akari da matsanancin ƙetaren yawan ƙasashen yamma na ƙasashen yamma.

Ina walrus yake zaune?

Hoto: Tekun Walrus

Walruses suna zaune kewaye da gabar Tekun Arctic a kusa da lean Tsaron Arewa. Yankin su na karkataccen abu ne. Kuna iya saduwa da dabbobi a kan iyakar arewacin Turai, Asiya, da kuma a cikin gabar teku na Arewacin Amurka da tsibirin Arctic da yawa. Amma ba kamar sarkoki ba, walruses suna guje wa duka hanyoyin bude ruwa da shirya kankara, don haka suna ƙoƙarin kasancewa kusa da bakin tekun.

Gabaɗaya, walruses sun fi so su zauna inda zurfin zuwa ƙasa ba su wuce mita ɗari ba. Tunda yawancin abincinsu ya kunshi rayayyun halittu masu rai, mara ƙarancin abin da za ku nutse kuma ku kashe kuzari, mafi sauƙi ga dabbobi. Amma a lokaci guda, kusan kowane walrus yana iya nutse zuwa zurfin har zuwa mita 150-200.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: walruses na iya rage yawan zuciyarsu yayin nutsewa. Babban kashin kitse mai ƙyalli, wanda yake ingantaccen isasshen zafi, yana taimaka musu jure yanayin ƙarancin ruwa.

Dabbobin suna da ƙaura yanayi na lokaci, amma sun takaice. A cikin hunturu, yawan walrus yana motsawa zuwa kudu, amma kilomita 100-200 kawai. Ga irin waɗannan manyan dabbobi, wannan kadan ne.

Adadin walwala mafi yawa yana rayuwa ne a gabar Chukchi, a bankunan biyu na Bering Strait, kuma dauloli da yawa suma suna zaune a yankin Labrador Peninsula. Walarancin walruses ana samun su a cikin yammacin da tsakiyar ɓangaren tekun Eurasia. A kusancin Greenland da Svalbard, wakilan mambobin ƙasashen Atlantika suna zaune.

Hakanan ana samun waɗannan walruses a yammacin ɓangaren Arctic na Rasha. An raba yankin Laptev walrus cikin yankin tsakiyar da kuma yammacin yankin Tekun Laptev. Wannan tallafin shine mafi ƙanƙanta.

Me walrus yake ci?

Hoto: walrus na Atlantika

Mafi yawan abincin ramuka na walrus bivalves ne da sauran hanyoyin iska, wanda aka girbe a zurfin mita 50-80.

Hakanan abinci zai iya bautar:

• Wasu nau'ikan lobsters
• Shrimp
• Tsutsotsi na Pochachaete.

Commonlyarancin yau da kullun, walruses suna cin octopuses da holothurians. A cikin matsanancin yanayi, ana ciyar da wasu nau'in kifaye, kodayake galibi ba sa kula da kifi. Walruses na iya cin sauran pinnipeds, alal misali, murfin hatimi ko hatimin zoben zobe, amma wannan yana da matuƙar wuya a lokuta na musamman lokacin da babu isasshen abinci ga kowa da kowa. Onlyan Adam kaɗai aka kaiwa hari, don haka babu buƙatar magana game da ɗimbin yanayin cin wasu dabbobi. A cikin lokuta mafi saukin yanayi, walruses na iya kai hari ga tsuntsayen sauka.

Matsakaicin, don samun isasshen abinci, yakamata walrus ya ci abinci har zuwa kilogram 50 na kifin kifin ko wasu abinci kowace rana. Abincin abinci shine kamar haka. Da farko, dutsen da tatsuniyoyinsa masu ƙarfi suna manne a cikin yashi ko ƙasa mai laka, suna “huɗar” shi kuma yana fashewa da ƙyallen daga can. Yankin da aka wanke yana kawar da zafin motsi na ƙoshin ƙashi, wanda aka rufe shi da ƙira mai wuya, kuma ana cin naman. Haka kuma, karin tsutsotsi da crustaceans yana faruwa. Bakin haurensu a zahiri an share su daga kasa su ci. Ana bincika abinci ta amfani da vibrissae wanda ke kan fuskar dabba.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Littafin Walrus Red

Walruses garken dabbobi ne. Yawancin lokaci girman kowane garke ya kasance daga waldi 20 zuwa 30, amma a wasu rookeries daruruwan har ma dubban dabbobi suna haɗuwa. Kowane garken yana mamaye mafi ƙarfi da girma namiji. Ragowar sukan raba abubuwa lokaci zuwa lokaci tare da kokarin daukar taken. Batun muhawara shine kusan koyaushe mace ce.

A cikin garken, dabbobi yawanci suna kwance sosai da juna, saboda karancin filin ƙasa ko dusar kankara. Sau da yawa dole ne kuyi kwance a gefen ku, wani lokacin kan huta kan ku akan makwabta na maƙwabta. Kuma idan akwai sarari sosai, to, za su iya yin shimfida biyu. Duka rookery suna "motsawa" koyaushe: wasu dabbobin suna shiga ruwa su ci ko suyi sanyi, sauran wutsiyoyi kuma nan da nan suka koma inda suke.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: a gefuna na walrus rookeries akwai kusan kullun wasiƙa waɗanda, suna lura da haɗari, nan da nan suna faɗakar da kowa da babbar ruri. Bayan irin wannan siginar, garken garke duka sun kutsa cikin ruwa kamar ɗaya.

Dangane da sauran dabbobi kuma da junan su, waldilai sun fi zaman lafiya da kuma abokantaka. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, walrus na mata suna da ilmantarwa ta mahaifiya, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa basa kare protecta inan su yayin hatsari, kuma suna kula ba kawai daga zuriyarsu ba, har ma da wasu cuba cubanyan. Hakanan suna da matukar son jama'a. Duk wani matattarar walrus a cikin garken yana bawa kowane ɗan ƙwanƙolin ya hau kan bayansa ya kwanta can ya huta.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Walrus Cub

Walruses dabbobi ne masu kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali, amma yayin lokacin kiwo, wanda ke faruwa a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu, maza galibi suna yin yaƙi ga mata. A cikin yaƙin, suna amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfin tofa, amma ba su barin hasara mai ƙarfi a jikin abokin hamayya. Walruses suna da fata mai kauri sosai da kuma ƙarfin iko mai wanda ke hana mummunan rauni ga gabobin ciki.

A ƙarshen Afrilu, mafi girma adadin maniyyi tara a cikin walruses na maza, kuma sun kasance a shirye don takin mace. Mata kuma, a shirye suke don hadi yayin wannan lokacin, kuma tuni cikin tsakiyar Mayu zasu fara samar da kwayoyin halittar ciki.

Bayan mating, duk walrus suna ci gaba da rayuwarsu cikin nutsuwa a cikin garken. Mata masu juna biyu za su kawo zuriyarsu a cikin shekara guda. Jariri daya kawai ake haihuwa. Girmansa ya kai kilogiram 60-70, tsawonsa ya kai kimanin mita. Rusan ƙaramin walrus ya sami damar iyo cikin ruwa tun daga haihuwa, wannan yana taimaka masa ya rayu idan akwai haɗari, kuma yakan yi renon mahaifiyarsa.

Lokacin lactation a cikin walruses yana da tsawo - kamar shekaru biyu. Saboda haka, walruses ke haifarwa sau ɗaya tak a kowane shekaru 4-5. Mace na iya yin juna biyu sau da yawa kawai idan cuban baya ya mutu. Lokacin da manyan katako suka girma a cikin matasa walruses, lactation daina kuma dabba tana canzawa don ciyar da kai. Maza sun zama masu balaga ta hanyar shekaru shida zuwa bakwai, mace kaɗan a baya.

Cubs suna ci gaba da rayuwa a cikin garken guda tare da iyayensu, amma a matsayin mutane daban-daban.

Abokan gaba na maƙiyan walrus

Hoto: Walruses Russia

Walrus suna da girma da ƙarfi sosai, mutane kaɗan ne zasu iya cutar dasu. Na dabbobin ƙasa, kawai polar bear ke haɗarin kai hare hare, kuma yana yin ta ta wata hanya. Gashin yana kare walrus a gefen kankara kankara ko kusa da ramin kankara, daga inda walrus zai fito.

A daidai lokacin da ruwa ya kamata beyar ta buge shi, domin ya iya fuskantar tarko da gawa. Wato, idan bai kashe ko yankan goge daga busa guda ba, to walrus din zai iya tsayayya dashi. A cikin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin tsintsiya da beyar, na biyu na iya samun munanan raunuka daga manyan giwayen teku.

Beaan fora fora ga jarirai kuma har yanzu ƙananan mutane na walruses suna da haɗari sosai. A canan bears na iya kawo musu hari kai tsaye a ƙasa, kan kankara. Yara ba su iya ba da juriya mai ƙarfi kuma galibi galibi suna mutuwa ne a cikin faɗakarwar magabatan.

Akwai sanannun lokuta na kai harin akan kisa Whale walruses. Kusan sunada girman sau 3 fiye da walrus, kuma sau 4 yafi birge su, saboda haka walrus baya iya kare kansa daga kifayen kisa. Yana sarrafa hanyar tserewa ne kawai idan ya isa ƙasa. Dabarar farautar kisa kifi kusan iri ɗaya ce. Sukan haɗa kansu cikin garkuwa, suka rarrabe shi, sannan suka kewaye wa wani daban daban, su kai masa hari.

Babban maqiyin walruses shine mutum. Domin kyautar nama, kitse, fata da kiba, mutane sukan nemi farauta. Bayan kashe walrus ɗaya, zaka iya ciyar da danginka tsawon watanni, saboda haka walruses da yawa sun mutu a hannun mutum. Amma ba wai kawai yunƙurin tilasta wa mutane su kashe waɗannan dabbobin na lumana ba, ana kuma sarrafa su ta hanyar farauta.

Abin takaici, saboda haka, yawancin walruses sun mutu ba gaira ba dalili. Sun fara haifar da sannu a hankali, kuma adadin walruses ya ragu sosai. Don haɓaka shi, ana buƙatar lokaci mai yawa, kuma, duk abin da mutum zai faɗi, ba za a iya hanzarta aiwatar da wannan tsari ba.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Dabbobin Walrus

Babu cikakken bayani game da adadin walruses a yau. Dangane da ƙididdigar marasa ƙarfi, yawan wakilan ƙasashen dake ƙasashen Pacific akalla mutane dubu 200 ne. Yawan walrus na tekun Atlantika tsari ne na ƙanƙan da girma - daga dabbobi 20 zuwa dubu 25, don haka ana ɗaukar wannan ƙananan barazanar barazana. Mafi ƙarancin yawan mutanen shine Laptev. Irin waɗannan walrus a yau sun kasance daga 5 zuwa 10 dubu.

Babban tasiri ga yawan waɗannan dabbobin yana gudana ne ba kawai ta hanyar ayyukan ɗan adam ba, har ma da canjin yanayi na duniya. Musamman, akwai raguwa a gwargwadon fakitin kankara da kauri. Wato, a kan wannan kankara, walruses suna samar da rookeries don dattako da kuma haihuwa yayin haihuwa.

An yi imanin cewa saboda canjin yanayin canjin yanayi an sami raguwa a wuraren hutu da suka dace don walrus a kusa da wuraren ciyar dasu. Saboda wannan, ana tilasta wa mace ta zama bata zama cikin dogon lokaci ba don neman abinci, wannan kuma yana shafar ciyar da cuban ta.

Sakamakon raguwar adadin walrus, kayan kasuwancin su a halin yanzu doka ta haramta a duk kasashe. Zuwa iyakantacce, ana izinin kamun kifi zuwa ga 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma' yan asalin ƙasar, wanda kasancewar tarihinsa yana da alaƙa da girbin walrus.

Kariyar Walrus

Hoto: Littafin Walrus Red

Atlanta walrus na Atlantika da mambobin Laptev waɗanda ke zaune a cikin ruwan Rasha an jera su a cikin littafin Red na Rasha. An kare sararin samaniyar tekunsu, kuma an haramta kamun kifi tun shekaru hamsin na karni na XX. An ayyana wuraren shakatawa a matsayin wuraren ajiyar kaya, kuma an rage girman ayyukan masana'antu a cikin muhallansu. Amma baya ga wannan, babu wasu matakai na musamman da ƙarin matakan kare walruses har zuwa yanzu an yi aiki dalla-dalla.

Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar ƙasashen duniya, ya yiwu a ƙara haɓakar ɗabi'a na walruses. A matsakaici, yanzu kusan kashi 14%, wanda yayi 1% sama da mutuwar waɗannan dabbobi. Tare da ayyukan da aka riga aka ɗauka, yana kuma da kyau a tsara nazarin wuraren zama da lura da lambobi a hankali akai-akai.

Akwai zaton cewa don ci gaba da yawan jama'a, yana da ma'ana don kare ba yawan walrus kansu kamar dabbobin da suke ciyar da su ba. Amma wannan shine ɗayan matakan yiwuwar. Akwai kuma ra'ayi cewa raguwar lambobi yana da alaƙa da canjin yanayi. Wannan yana kawo cikas ga komowar mutane.

Matsayi mai tasiri shine kawai don iyakance gurɓataccen kemikal na bakin ruwa da ruwa, tare da iyakance abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa, kamar hawan injunan helicopter da jiragen ruwa masu wucewa. Sannan walrus zai iya dawo da mutanenta kuma yana iya fara dawo da matsayin sa a cikin tsarin kasa baki daya.

Menene walrus yayi kama?

Walrus ana ɗauka ɗayan manyan wakilai na rukuni na pinnipeds, na biyu kawai ga giwaye a cikin girman. Tsawon jikin mutum na iya kaiwa zuwa 3-4.5 tare da tan 1.5-1.8, tare da mata kaɗan ƙasa da maza.

A waje, wallon yana kama da sifar sanannun, kuma babban jikin sa yana bambanta ta hanyar motsi da sassauci da aka samu ga zakuna da like, abin al'ajabi ga irin wannan girar. An lullube jikin walrus da kauri sosai, fata mai laushi tare da rudun gashin gashi. Matsakaicin fata a kirji na iya isa 4 cm, a kan ciki - 8 cm, a wuya - har zuwa 10 cm.

An bambanta matasa da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, tare da tsufa, fatar ta zama mai haske da kuma paler, tsoffin mutane kusan launi ne masu launi. Sakamakon raguwar tasoshin jini a cikin ruwan kankara, wasu mutane sun zama kusan farare yayin yin iyo.

Matasa masu lullube an rufe su da gashi mai launin shuɗi, kuma gajeriyar, gashi mai launin shuɗi-girma akan fatar matasa, wanda yayi fice kamar yadda dabba ke girma. Fatar tsohuwar walruses ta kusan babu komai.

A gajarta da gawurtaccen falon, da yawa lokacin farin ciki, murhunan rairayi waɗanda suke cikin layuka da yawa masu iya canzawa sun fito fili daban Don haka, a kan lebe na babba na mutum ya girma, za'a iya samun daga 400 zuwa 700 irin wannan gashin-baki - vibrissae, girma a cikin layuka 13-18. Vibrissas suna da hankali sosai, kuma cikin kauri ba su da ƙasa da waya. Liashin lebe yayi gajere, babba yana da faffaɗa da elongated.

Kunnen kunnuwa na walruses ba ya nan, wanda hakan ya basu kamannin hatimin gaske. Amma ba kamar na ƙarshen ba, halifofin gabbai na walruses suna sintiri a cikin diddige diddige kuma sun fi dacewa don matsawa ƙasa. Flippers na gaba sune filastik da hannu, an rufe su da corns. A kan ƙusoshin, yatsunsu 5 suna da bambanci, suna ƙare da gajeru, m kamfani.

Saurin wutsiyar walrus ba shi da ƙarancin ci gaba kuma gajere ne, launin fata.

Abin da walrus yayi kama da gefe. Walrus na hoto. Walrus.

Abubuwan da ba a sani ba

Duk da kamanceceniya da sauran wakilan ƙungiyar pinnipeds, walruses suna da sifofi na sifa, wanda ke sa waɗannan dabbobin su zama iri ɗaya.

Fuskokin maza suna da ƙari-kamar jaka ba tare da kulle-kuli ba, waɗanda ke da ikon taɓarɓarewa da juya sama. A lokaci guda, tsokoki masu narkewa na esophagus ba su barin iska ta tsere ba. Godiya ga wannan “kan ruwa”, walrus zai iya iyo kuma ba nutsuwa ko da a cikin mafarki. Bugu da kari, kwalaye na makogwaro suna shiga cikin samar da sauti: muryar walrus shine cakuda saurukan saniya da kururuwa kururuwa.

Gwajin Walrus ba a cikin scrotum ba ne, amma kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin fata mai kitse. Harshen dabbobi masu shayarwa ana wakilta su nau'i biyu na nono, kodayake suna iya zama 5. Babban halayen jima'i na maza shine haɓakar fata na fata a wuyansa, kafadu da kirji.

Abubuwan da ke faruwa a saman muƙamuƙi ba su nan, a kan babba - ƙanƙanuwa ko a cikin ƙuruciyarsu. Wannan fansa na kayan gini yana da lada ta gaban ingantattun tsummoki masu zurfi na sama - babban alama ta walruses.

Alamar Walrus

Dogayen tsumma (ko toka) an baiwa wasu mutane na mata da maza. Tsawon tsinkayen mace shine 30-40 cm; a cikin maza, farji suna girma zuwa 60-80 cm a tsayi (a cikin samfurori na mutum, har zuwa 1 m) kuma suna da nauyin 3 zuwa 5.4.

Walruses suna amfani da toka a cikin yaƙe da yaƙe-yaƙe, suna birgima kan kankara tare da taimakonsu, kuma ana amfani dasu azaman kayan aiki, suna samar da ramuka a cikin kauri na kankara. Namiji mafi iko a cikin garken koyaushe yana da manyan dabbabai.

Alamar Walrus.

Range da biyan kuɗi

Yankin walrus ya shimfiɗa cikin zobe a kewayen Northan Arewa. Dangane da mazauninsu, rarrabuwa na zamani ya bambanta rabe-raben abubuwa uku na walruses:

Walrus na Pacific (lat. Odobenus rosmarus divergens) yana zaune ne a arewacin yankin gabashin gabashin. An rarraba shi cikin ruwan Chukchi da Bering Seas da kuma tsibiran da ke gefen gabar Kamchatka. Mafi yawan jama'a suna zaune ne a tsibirin Wrangel.

Wakilan mambobi sune mafi girma walruses a duniya. Matsakaicin matsakaicin tsayi na maza ya kai 3-4 m tare da nauyin jiki na tan 1.7 zuwa tan 2. Matsakaicin nauyin mata na iya kaiwa kilogram 900. Tushen maza sun girma zuwa 80 cm, mace har zuwa 40-60 cm.

Ana kiran walrus na Pacific a cikin walrus na gabashin Eurasia, kuma walrus din ya sami sunan Latin saboda bambancin hakoran da suka fi na wakilan Atlancin Atlanta.

Harshen Warin Atlanta (lat.Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) ana samunsa a cikin Tekun Kara kuma a gabashin gabashin Tekun Barents, wani lokacin yakan shiga Tekun Bahar Maliya. Sakamakon kisan kare dangi, yawan jama’ar zamani ya ƙunshi mutane kusan dubu 20. Yawancin dabbobin da yawa ana samunsu a cikin wadatattun hanyoyin biranen Franz Josef Land.

Harshen walda na Atlantika shine mafi ƙanƙantar da matsakaici: matsakaicin matsakaicin girman jikin maza shine 2.5-3 m, mace suna da ƙananan. Tushen maza suna da tsawon 34 zuwa 38 cm, ga mace, daga 27 zuwa 33 cm.

An sanya sunayen masu tallafin a matsayin mai suna Western walrus na Eurasia kuma an jera su a cikin littafin Red na Rasha a matsayin mafi wuya kuma mai saurin ragewa.

Laptev walrus (lat. Odobenus rosmarus laptevi) shine mafi ƙarancin rukunin ƙungiya wanda har yanzu ana kan tambaya game da batun aan takara. Yawan walrus na ruwan dare yana rayuwa tsawon shekara a cikin tsakiyar da kuma yammacin sassan Tekun Laptev, a gabashin yankin Tekun Kara da a yamma yamma da Kogin Siberian.

Laptev walruses suna hutawa a gefen gabashin Taimyr, a Lena River Delta da kuma tsibirin Novosibirsk.

Dangane da girman jikin mutum, masu tallafin sun mamaye wani matsakaici tsakanin dangi na Pacific da na Atlantic. Tsawon jikin mutum zai iya kaiwa 4.1 m, mace - 3.7 m. Tushen maza na iya zama 65 cm tsayi, kuma a cikin mata sun girma har zuwa 58 cm.

Laptev walrus an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na Rasha a matsayin rararrun marasa galihu da saukin yanayi.

Inda walruses suke zaune

Walruses shine asalin mazaunan Northan Arewa nesa kuma suna tafiya da wuya, a kan ɗan nesa. Sun fi son zama kusa da bakin tekun, a cikin wurare mara zurfi, basu wuce zurfin 90 m, suna guje wa daskararren kankara.

Kasancewa dabba dabba, walruses suna zaune a cikin garken mutane 10-20 na maza da mata, kuma a kan rookeries sun haɗu da kungiyoyi daga ɗaruruwan ɗari zuwa dubu 3, yawancinsu mata ne. Abinda yake da ban sha'awa: kamar yadda wannan tsari bai wanzu a cikin garken shanu ba, mazajen da suka dace suna da aminci ga kananan dabbobi kuma dukkan membobin kungiyar sunyi daidai da haƙƙinsu.

Walrus ya huta a ƙasa ko a kan kankara, ba ya motsa da nisa daga gefen ruwan. Sakamakon tsarin jikin mutum, hutu yakan faru a kwance, kuma walruses na iya bacci ko da ruwa, ba tare da fita kwanaki ba. Saboda mahimmancin kitse (har zuwa kilogiram 250 na mai a cikin kowane mutum), walruses ba zai iya nutsuwa ta jiki ba.

Walrus suna cikin jama'a masu aminci da kwanciyar hankali dangane da danginsu, amma a lokaci guda suna taka tsantsan da taka tsantsan: ana sa masu saƙo koyaushe a kan kowane rudani. Walruses suna da karancin gani, amma kamshin yana da haɓaka kuma mutane suna kusancin walrus sosai, don haka mafarautan suna ƙoƙari su kewaye garken a gefen da ke ci gaba.

A mafi ƙarancin hatsari, mai tsaro ya farka da danginsa da babbar ruri, kuma giantsan wasan da suka firgita suna jefa cikin teku, su ɓoye a cikin ruwan ruwa kuma suna iya tafiya ba tare da iska ba har tsawon minti 10.

Yayin irin wannan hatimin, mutane da yawa sun mutu cikin shamaki kuma suka zama ganima a hannun jakar Belar.

Walrus ya hau dutse a Alaska.

Me walruses suke ci?

Tushen abincin walrus yana da ƙananan mollusks: tare da warkoki, walrus ya tsaya a cikin ƙasa mai laka kuma yana ɗaukar ɓarke ​​da yawa, wanda nan da nan ya ɓoye tare da ɓarkewar ɓarna. Shells zaune a gindi, kuma mollusks, a adadi mai yawa, walrus ya ci shi. Don cikakke satrus ɗin gabaɗaya, ya wajaba a ci har zuwa kilogiram 50 na bakin kifin a rana ɗaya.

Daga kwayoyin halittu, crustaceans da tsutsotsi kuma suna zuwa abincin walrus. Idan manyan abubuwan haɗin abincin ba su nan, walruses dole ne su gamsu da kifi, kodayake ba sa son sa.

Game da walruses kada ku ƙi ɗaukar kaya. Da wuya, musamman manyan mutane ke kai hari hatimai da kayan adon ruwa.

A kan irin wannan abincin mai sauƙi, walruses, duk da haka, yana da sauri mai kitse kuma yana haɓaka mai da yawa na 5-10 cm, wanda ba kawai inganta buoyancy ba, amma yana kare dabbobi daga hypothermia.

Walrus karkashin ruwa.

Walrus kiwo

Budurwar budurwar Walrus na faruwa ne a shekaru 5, dabbobi kuma zasu iya haihuwa sau ɗaya bayan shekaru 3-4. Lokacin mating yana faɗi ne a watan Afrilu-Mayu kuma a wannan lokacin yakar maza ga mace galibi yakan faru. Kodayake abokan hamayya suna cutar da juna da haƙoran farashi, amma ba a rasa rayuka a faɗa.

Walrus walrus na ciki yana daga kwana 340 zuwa 370, haihuwar guda 1, 'yan tagwaye ne sosai. Tsawon tsayin jikin kitsen ya kai daga cm 80 zuwa 1 m, saurin kuma yakai kilo 30. Daga farkon kwanakin rayuwarsu, walruses na iya iyo.

Rashin shayarwa nono na tsawon shekara guda, wani lokacin har zuwa shekaru 2, kodayake daga shekaru 6 kenan sai walrus ya fara cin abincin iyayensa. Mace suna da ilimin halitta mai tasowa kuma ba ta barin ɗanta ko da haɗarin mutum.

Jariri ya kasance tare da mahaifiyarsa har zuwa shekaru 3, har sai ya zama abin hakora. Idan uwar ta mutu, sauran garken sukan kula da marayu. Kuma a kowane hali, duk walruses suna da hankali ga duk cubaya, kare da, idan ya cancanta, taimako. Misali, lokacin yin iyo, maraƙin da ya gaji yana iya hutawa ta hawa dutsen duk wani ɗan garken.

Idan mahaifiyar ta rasa ɗan sa a cikin shekara 1 na rayuwarsa, to yana iya samun damar haifuwa shekara mai zuwa. Tsammani na rayuwar walruses shine shekaru 30-36, wanda dabbobin 20 na farko suka fara ci gaba. A cewar wasu rahotanni, tsakanin walrus akwai masu dadewa wadanda shekarunsu suka wuce shekaru 40.

Matan walrus tare da jariri.

Bidiyo: An haifi jariri walrus a cikin gidan dabbobi a cikin Jamus.

Magabatan walruses

A cikin tsauraran wurare arctic, walruses kawai suna da manyan abokan halitta na 2: polar bear da kisa kifi.

Kasancewa mai tsawa da tsawa na daukacin Arctic Circle, mai ɗaukar bela yana kai hari a kan matsanancin yanayin, tare da ƙarancin abinci. Bayan haka, yin fama da walrus akan ƙasa yana da matukar wahala, kuma a cikin ruwa kusan ba shi da ma'ana.

Don haka, beyar yai hakuri ya rinka bin tsohon mutumin da ya bari ba tare da mahaifiyar ba, ko kuma ya tsare walrus din a tsutsa da kuma lokacin da walkar ta fito, sai ya bita dashi da karfin gwuiwan sa, sannan sai a kashe shi.

Kisa Whales, wanda ya girma har 8 m a tsayi, garken don kai farmaki ga gungun masu walwala, suna kashe mutane da yawa daga garken kuma suka ci. Za'a iya samun tsira ta hanyar wuta kawai lokacin da suka sauka akan ƙasa ko kan kan kankara kan lokaci.

Kuma na dogon lokaci, mutum ya kasance babban makiyin walrus. Rushewar barakar Amurka da turancin St John's wort a cikin karni na 18-19 ya haifar da raguwar yawan jama'a kuma an sami bacewar mutane da yawa daga yankuna da dama.

Abubuwan da aka tabbatar dasu na walruses ana samunsu a cikin wurare masu dumin yanayi, amma mutane ne suka tura motar walrus zuwa babbar Poan Arewa, inda za'a sami matsala mutum ya shiga.

Zuwa yau, duk kasashe ne suka haramta kamun kifayen kasuwanci, kuma an iyakance farauta, a tsarin da ya dace, ga 'yan asalin Arewa kawai, gami da Chukchi da Eskimos.

Walrus na kamun kifi ta mutanen Arewa

Duk da nasarorin da kimiyya da fasaha suka samu, rayuwar al'ummomin arewacin kasar tana da nasaba sosai da kamun kifi. Sukan farautar dabbobin a ƙarshen bazara kuma suna amfani da duk sassan dabbar don kasuwanci.

An soyayyen nama shine tushen tushen furotin a cikin hunturu kuma ana ɗaukarsa a cikin abincin abincin aboriginal. Walrus yana jujjuya kayan yaji da kariya har zuwa lokacin bazara a matsayin abinci mai dadi. Fata mai ƙarfi yana zuwa ga keɓaɓɓen gidaje, jiragen ruwa masu dacewa da keɓance igiyoyi. Kwayoyin ciki da na ciki sun dace da keɓaɓɓiyar keɓaɓɓiyar kayan rigakafin ruwa. Kayan mai yana da zafi sosai kuma ana amfani dashi don dumama da wutar gidaje.

Wani muhimmin sashi na tatsuniyoyin yawancin al'ummomi shine samar da kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya daga kasusuwa da kasusuwa.

M bayanai

Dabbobin da ke zagaye cikin ruwa ba tare da kula da kansu da danginsu ba har mutuwa: suna nutsewa cikin ƙarƙashin kwale-kwale kuma suna yin ramuka a ciki, kuma suna jujjuya kwale-kwalen tare da manyan jijiyoyinsu.

A zamanin Kyaftin Cook, matuƙan jirgin ruwa a cikin hazo mai yawa na iya tantance kusancin bakin tekun ta hanyar hawan matattarar filayen kiwo, wanda aka ji na tsawon kilomita da dama, kuma godiya ga wannan an sami samun karɓuwa koyaushe daga karo tare da dusar kankara.

Tsawon kashin baculum, wanda yake a cikin azzakarin walrus, kusan 50 cm, wanda shine ainihin rikodin tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa dangane da tsawon jikin mutum da tsayin daka. Godiya ga wannan tabbataccen gaskiyar, an haifar da magana mai wulakanci "walrus horseradish".