Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai ruwan maniyyi ne!
Baƙonmu a yau yana farautar zurfafa a cikin teku tare da rukuni guda na hakora. Tsawon wannan halitta ba ta da girma da tsawon motar motar jirgin ƙasa, nauyinta daidai yake da nauyin tanki. Shin kun riga kun fahimci wanda muke magana dashi? Kafin ku sami maniyyi Whale!
Sperm Whale yana zaune a cikin duk tekun duniya. Mace da marayu suna kasancewa cikin ruwa mai ruwa da ruwa, kuma kawai m, mazan manya suna iyo a cikin ruwan sanyi na Arctic da Antarctic.
A kullun, wannan katon abincin ya sha kusan tan abinci, yana cin kifi, dorinar ruwa, squids. Wannan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun tashi zuwa saman don ɗaukar babban numfashi, sannan kuma ya yi nitso kusan kilomita ɗaya don neman ganima.
Sperm Whale ya sami damar jin wanda aka azabtar dashi ta hanyar yanayin fadada. Frontashin gaba na kansa yana fitar da maɓallin ƙarfi a cikin kewayon ultrasonic. Kamar jirgin ruwa mai zurfi, maniyyi Whale ya bayyana tsari da kuma wanda aka azabtar da shi.
Ya kamata a sani cewa maniyyi Whale ya taɓa jawo hankalin marubutan da masu zane-zane saboda yanayinsa da baƙon abu da yanayin halayensa.
Fitowar maniyyi Whale
Tsawon jikin mutum yakai mita 18-20, kuma waɗannan ƙattai sunkai kimanin tan 50 zuwa 70.
Mace sun yi kadan fiye da maza, nauyin jikinsu ya bambanta tsakanin tan 30, kuma tsawon su sun kai mita 13-15.
Whale maniyyi yana da babban wutsiya.
Whales maniyyi suna da asali ta asali da sabuwa. Babban fasalin shine kai mai girma masu girma dabam, wanda yake shine sulusin jikin duka. Bayanan yana nuna yadda girman gaban yake. Idan ka kalli maniyyin khalifa a gaban, to gashin kansa ya zube daga bangarorin kuma ya kasance cikin hanzari zuwa farkon kifin. A cikin maza, gaban gaba ya fi girma fiye da na mace da kananan dabbobi.
Tare da irin waɗannan ƙididdigar shugaban, maniyyi whales shima yana da babbar kwakwalwa, amma a zahiri wannan ba daidai bane. Babban ɓangaren kai yana cike da soso nama cike da mai. Daga wannan masana'anta, tare da taimakon wani magani na musamman, mutane suna samun maniyyi - abu mai ƙanshi.
An yi amfani da wannan abu na dogon lokaci don samar da kyandirori, kayan shafawa da mayuka iri-iri. Amma wannan yanayin ya rigaya ya gabata, a yau an kirkiri wasu ƙwayoyi masu guba waɗanda zasu iya maye gurbin maniyyan. Dangane da wannan, babu bukatar hallaka kashin maniyyi, wanda ya rage farautar wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Sperm Whales sune dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Me yasa manyan maniyyi Whales suna buƙatar wannan ƙwayar spongy, har ma kusa da kwakwalwa? Wasu masana kimiyyar sun yi imani da cewa godiya ga wannan abu, iyafan abubuwa masu fashewar abubuwa daban-daban na fata. Fat a low yanayin zafi yayi kauri, amma a yanayin zafi, akasin haka, ya zama ruwa.
Yawan kwararar jini yana kara warkewa wannan taro, yawanta ya zama kasa, saboda abin da dabba tayi cikin sauri. Kuma lokacin da ruwa yake jujjuya, juzu'i zai yi aiki - mai ya yi kauri, yalwar sa zai zama mafi girma, sannan nauyin ya fitar da maniyyi zuwa zurfin.
Akwai wani ra'ayi cewa wannan ƙwayar spongy tana da nasaba da yanayin amsawa. Tare da taimakon wannan abu, ana amfani da hasken ultrasonic a kan abubuwan da suka zama dole. Wato, wannan abu yana ba da izinin maniyyi Whale don bijirewa matsaloli kuma ya gano abinci. Akwai sauran ka'idoji, amma a cikin ra'ayi iri ɗaya, wanda maniyyi mai ƙwarƙwata ya buƙaci nama mai soso a cikin kawunansu wanda ke cike da mai, masana kimiyya basu yarda ba.
Wani lokacin wannan giwar ta ruwa tana fitowa daga ruwa.
Launin jikin fatalwa Whales na iya zama launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko launin shuɗi. A wannan yanayin, babban jikin yana duhu fiye da ƙananan. A bakin baki, fatar tana da datti fari mai laushi. Gashin tushen jela yana da launi iri ɗaya.
A bayansa akwai finfin dorsal, kuma a bayan sa akwai wasu karin lafuzza masu kama da juna, amma da yawa karami. Dogo da gauraye suna da hakora. Hakoran maniyyi mai ƙwai suna da yawa, kowace haƙora tana da nauyin kilo 1.5. A saman muƙamuƙi akwai takaddama waɗanda hakora za su shiga ciki. Jawashin muƙamula mai lalura ce ta hannu, maniyyin sa na iya buɗe kusan digiri 90. Godiya ga irin wannan bakin, wannan maharbin yana iya hadiye ganima mai girma.
Maganin maniyyi mai numfashi yana numfashi tare da ƙoshin hagu na dama kawai wanda yake a gaban kai, yayin da ƙwanƙwashin dama na dama zai iya bari a cikin iska, amma baya barin sa, saboda yana da bawul na musamman. Wannan fasalin yana ba da izinin kamannin Wahle don adana oxygen. Maniyyi Whales na iya zama a cikin zurfin na awa ɗaya. Wutsiyar maniyyi mai ƙarfi yana da ƙarfi, a ƙarshensa akwai fin da yakai mita 5. Fashin falon yana da fadi da gajeru.
Idan aka kwatanta da mutane, maniyyi Whales sune ƙattai na gaske.
Hanya maniyyi mai kyau da abinci mai gina jiki
Sperm Whales sune mawuyacin hali. Tushen abincin da ake ci a cikin Whales sune octopuses, squids da cuttlefish.
Wani muhimmin bangaren abinci mai naman maniyyi shi ma kifi ne. Wadannan kifayen kifayen da suke ci suna murna suna cin kananan kifin sharki, haskoki, bass, wakilin kwandonan, mazaunin kasan da angwaye. Mafi yawan lokuta, maniyyi Whales yayi farauta a zurfin mita 400 zuwa 1200. Don ƙonawa mai daɗin rai, maniyyi Whale na iya hawa zuwa mita 3000.
Yawanci, maniyyi Whales yana tashi zuwa saman kowane minti 30. Koyaushe suna tashi suna faɗi a tsaye. Yin iyo zuwa farfajiya, maniyyi mai kwalliya ya saki maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, ya kai tsayin mita 3-4. Amma irin wannan jet an ba da umarnin zuwa sama, kamar dukkanin kifayen whales, amma a wani kwana. Don wannan fasalin, saurin maniyyi yana iya bambanta da sauran membobin iyali.
A garken maniyyi Whales.
Whales da ke bakin ruwa suna zaune a cikin garkunan dabbobi, galibi, ƙwanƙwasa ƙaiƙayi wanda ya kunshi mata 10-15 na tarawa kusa da namiji ɗaya mai balaga. Za'a iya haɗu da irin waɗannan dabbobi zuwa cikin babbar ƙungiya. Membobin wannan babban rukuni suna ciyarwa kuma sun yi ƙaura. A lokacin rani, maniyyi Whales yana zuwa ga ruwan arewacin, kuma a cikin hunturu - don dumin latitude.
Mata basu yarda da samari maza, saboda haka ana tilasta su tara cikin rukuni daban. Mummunar rikice-rikice takan haifar tsakanin maza akan hakkin mallakar mata. Irin waɗannan mugayen gwagwarmaya na iya ƙare da mutuwar ɗaya daga cikin maza.
Maniyyi Whales ba wai kawai sun nutse ba har abada, amma kuma tsalle da kyau, zasu iya tsallake gaba ɗaya daga cikin ruwa. Wani lokacin maniyyi Whales ya fito ya tsaya tsaye a cikin ruwa. Amma babban bakin kifi Whales yayi iyo a hankali, yayin ciyarwa, sun gwammace don motsawa da saurin kilomita 10 a kowace awa, gwargwadon iko, amma suna hanzarta zuwa kilomita 35 a kowace awa.
Sperm Whale ba dabba ce mai sauri ba.
Sperm Whales yana fitowa da sauti a cikin nau'i-nau'i, adab da roar. Suna hayaniya da ƙarfi, sautin yana kaman injin jirgin sama mai aiki.
Sperm Whale babban gilashi ne.
Cetaceans dabbobi masu ruwa ne. Ka koma ga dabbobi masu shayarwa. Su ne mafi girman dabbobi a duniya. Suna kama da kifi, amma na gaba na dangi ne hippos. Cetaceans ba su da kwayayensa; numfashinsu na huhun ciki ne. Suna da jini-dumi, yawan zafin jikinsu shine 35-40 °, wanda ke kula da mai mai. Weight da tsayi sun bambanta, ya danganta da nau'in.
Cetaceans sun kasu kashi biyu:
- Wisis (ba a kula da shi ba) kifi ne.
- Sanya: maniyyi Whales, dabbobin ruwa, kisa whales, baranda, narwhals.
Whales ya kasu kashi 10:
- Jirgin ruwa.
- Finwal.
- Yankana Whale.
- Yankin kudu
- Minke kifi Whale.
- Gray whale.
Whales ba shi da lahani, guje wa hadari mai haɗari. Ana ba su mafarauta da sigar tururi da aka jefa yayin da suka farfaɗa zuwa sama don shawo kan iskar oxygen, yayin da suke 'yantar da huhunan iska daga iska lokacin tara ruwa. Dukkan nau'ikan suna da maɓuɓɓuka na tsayi daban-daban da sifofi. Tsawonsa ya kai 15 m kuma ya dogara da zurfin nutsewa. Manyan nau'in, saboda ƙarfin sakin tururi, suna fitar da bututu hum, wanda za'a iya jin sa da yawa kilomita.
Jiki ya kasance mai fasalin-ruwa, don ƙarancin ruwa idan anyi iyo. Girma daga 4-6 zuwa 33 m nauyi daga tan 3 zuwa 190 . Kan hanci ya na kusa da kambi na kai. Idanun suna kanana, har zuwa 1 kg a nauyi, d = 10-17 cm a cikin ƙananan nau'in - girman kare. Hangen nesa ba shi da kyau, myopic. Madadin hakora, dukkan nau'ikan faranti suna da whalebone. Suna tace abinci. Baha whales ba sa farautar abinci, suna kama da ciyawa, suna tacewa ta faranti ƙananan ƙananan kifayen kifi.
Canza launi monophonic, mai inuwa, tabo, fatar jiki tayi laushi. Babu wata warin da take jin ƙanshi, masu karɓar ɗanɗano kawai suna jin ɗanɗano gishiri. Saurara - ana rarrabe sautuna daga 150 Hz zuwa mitar ultrasonic. Kasance da ban mamaki ji na tabawa. Whales ba su da igiyoyin muryoyi, suna fahimtar junan su godiya ga na'urar sonar da aka kafa ta kasusuwa kwanyar da kuma kitsen mai wanda yake jagorantar siginar duban dan tayi.
Whales yana tafiya da sauri 25-40km / h . Suna zaune shekaru 30-50. Mazaunan dukkan teku.
Yawancinsu suna auren mace ɗaya, suna haihuwar kowace shekara 2. Sun fara farawa ne daga shekaru 3-5, kuma suka manyanta ta jiki ta shekaru 12. Maza na iya miƙe shekara. Ciki, watanni 7-18. An haifi ɗa guda ɗaya tare da wutsiyarsa, yana yin nauyin 2-3, tsawonsa - 1⁄4 ko 1⁄2 tsawon mace. Ya yi iyo da kansa, amma yana kusa da mahaifiyarsa kuma yana ciyar da madara da kashi 54% na mai har zuwa rabin shekara.
Whales mai launin shuɗi ya kai mita 33 a tsayi, yana kimanin tan miliyan 150-190. Sun fi son ruwan sanyi. Suna zaune galibi su kadai. Zurfin nutsewa ya kai 500 m kuma mafi yawa, inda yake har zuwa mintina 50. Saurin motsi - 50k m / h, yayin ƙaura - 30 km / h.
Sperm Whales sune mafi girma daga cikin babban kifi Whales. Tsawon maza ya kai 20 m, kuma nauyin ya kai tan 50, tsawon mata ya kai 15 m, nauyin kuma tan 30 ne.
Dabbobin garken sukan tara gungun dubun-dubata har ma da dubun-dubansu. Motsawa da sauri har zuwa 35 km / h nutse har zurfi har zuwa 3.5 km . Su thermophilic ne, basa faruwa cikin ruwan sanyi. Ana kiyaye su nesa da bakin tekun, inda zurfin bai wuce 200 m ba. Suna farautar garken dabbobi, babu masu fafatawa a zurfin 1000 m. Cephalopods, har ma da manyan squids (sun kai 18 m), kifi, sharks suna cin abinci. Ku ci 1 ton na abinci a kowace rana. Sharfe shara da ta faɗa cikin teku: kwalabe, waya, takalma. Sau da yawa ana haɗiye duwatsu daga ƙasa don niƙa abinci a cikin ciki.
Sun bambanta da duk cetaceans tare da babban kai - 35% na tsawon jikin duka. An dunƙule kan shugaban da aka toka a gefan. A kasan kai wani muƙamuƙi ne wanda ke zaune tare da nau'ikan hakora 2026 mai ɗauke da hakora. Weight of 1 haƙori - har zuwa 1 kg. Jawunƙasassun ƙananan ya buɗe 90 °.
Ido d = 15 cm, ramuka na kunne wanda yake bayan idanun. Gashinan hangen nesa da wari ba'a inganta su. Maɓuɓɓugar da ta hau a wani kusurwa na 45 °. Ana yin numfashi ta hanyar hanci na hagu, dama kawai yana sha iska. Sperm Whale ya yi zurfin zurfi a cikin dogon lokaci saboda kasancewar ƙwararren matattara, wanda ke ba da isashshen oxygen.
Fata yana wrinkled, launin toka mai duhu tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da launuka masu duhu suna yiwuwa. Zafin mai har zuwa 50cm.
Kwayar Sperm Whale ta kai 8 kg kuma zuciya ce 1 m2 . Kasancewar jakar maniyyi (kodan kitse) - 10 t - yana ba da izinin kifayen maniyyi su nutse har zuwa zurfin zurfafa, sanyaya shi, na'urar bincike ne.
Namijin maniyyi ya yi ƙaura ba tare da takamaiman tsari ba, maza sun kirkiro dabbobinsu, kuma tsoffin maza suna zaune su kaɗai.
Suna haifar da sautuna a cikin hanyar kwali, akaɗa, moan. Zasu iya fitowa su tsaya tsaye a cikin ruwan ruwa, suna tsalle daga ruwan gaba ɗaya. Suna bacci cikin ruwa, barci mai zurfi mara zurfi - minti 10 - daskarewa mara ƙarfi a lokaci guda.
Da gaske irin a cikin bazara. A kusan maza tara har 15. Maza da suka manyanta - 22-25 years, mace - 14-17 shekara. Ciki yana ɗaukar watanni 15-18-18, an haifi yaro 1, yana ɗaukar kimanin tan, tsawon mil 3-4. Suna ciyar da madara tsawon watanni 13. Yankunan suna tare da mahaifiyarsu shekaru 5-7. Sperm Whales suna rayuwa har zuwa rabin ƙarni.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin haihuwar cikin maniyyi shine shekara 1.5. Koyaushe ana haihuwar yaro 1, kimanin mita 3 a girmansa da tan 1 a nauyi. Iya tana ciyar da jariri ɗan shekara ɗaya. A wannan lokacin, jariri yana ƙaruwa da girma sau 2, kuma hakora su bayyana.
Balagagge a cikin mace yana faruwa ne a cikin shekaru 7, kuma a cikin maza - a shekaru 10-12. Matan sun kawo zuriyarsu lokaci 1 cikin shekaru 3. Ikon haihuwar yana tare da su har sai da ya kai 40-45. A matsakaici, tsawon rayuwar mutum na maniyyi shine shekaru 50-60. Amma a karkashin yanayin rayuwa mai kyau, waɗannan Kattai za su iya ƙetara layin shekaru 70. Mafi muni, mafi ƙarancin rayuwa shine shekaru 80.
Haɗu da diver tare da maniyyi Whale.
Na kowa tsakanin whale da maniyyi Whale
- Oda - dabbobi marine, nau'in - chordates, aji - dabbobi masu shayarwa.
- Warmblood, bugun ciki
- Mitaddamar da shafi na tururi lokacin hawa zuwa farfajiya
- Teardrop mai fasalin jiki
- Rashin sautin muryoyin
- Suna da na'urar echolocation
- Yayi haihuwar guda 1
- Ana ciyar da jariri madara
- Monogamous
- Kasancewar cututtukan dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin mace, kasancewar duk sauran cututtukan fata
Abokan gaban maniyyi Whales
Maballin maniyyi a cikin tekuna ba shi da maƙiyan halitta da yawa. Babban abokin gaba shi ne kisa Whales da ke kai hari ga mata da kananan dabbobi. Kisan Whales bai kushe ya farauta ba. Manyan kifayen kifayen ba su haifar da babbar haɗari ga maniyyi ba.
Amma daga mutum babbar lalacewar yawan. Mutane suna farautar ƙwayoyin maniyyi na ɗaruruwan shekaru. Daga mutum ɗaya, zaka iya samun tan 6 na maniyyi da tan 10 na mai. Irin waɗannan lambobin suna da tsada-tsada.
Amma maniyyi Whales na iya daidaitawa da kansu, akwai lokuta da yawa lokacin da waɗannan Kattai suka cika ƙananan tasoshin. Masu kamun kifi suna cikin ruwa. Kuma idan kayi la’akari da sifofin halittar wadannan kifayen da aka zana, ya zama a bayyane cewa mutum ya shiga ciki da rai. A nan, ya mutu da sauri daga shaƙa da kuma lalacewar sakamakon ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki.
Tun shekara ta 1985, an hana farautar Whales, wanda ko kaɗan bai shafi masana'antar kiwon lafiya da ƙanshin mai ba. A yau, kimanin kasha maniyyi dubu 500 ke zaune a cikin tekun. Yawan yana haɓaka sannu a hankali, amma labari mai daɗi shi ne ba ya raguwa.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Bambanci tsakanin kifi Whale da maniyyi whale
Whales | ||
Orderasashe | Babbar Jagora | Takano |
Dimorphism na jima'i | Mata sun fi maza yawa | Maza sun fi mata yawa |
Rayuwa | Oftenarin lokaci maɗaukaka, ƙananan dabbobi | Garke, garken daruruwan da dubunnan mutane |
Hanyar samun abinci | Kamar "waje kiwo", tace abinci ta hanyar whalebone | Sukan farautar garken dabbobi, suna kamawa suna haɗiye ganima |
Samu abinci | A zurfin 100-200 m | A zurfin 1000 m |
Ku ci | Cananan crustaceans, ƙananan kifi | Cephalopods (gami da manyan squid), manyan kifi, wasu kifayen kifayen |
Habitat | Duka tekun suna son ruwan sanyi | Mai-zafi, ba za ku hadu a cikin ruwan sanyi ba |
Girma | Dogon tsayi har zuwa 33 m, mai nauyin har zuwa 190 t | Dogon tsayi har zuwa 20 m, mai nauyin har zuwa 50 t |
Saurin motsi | 20-50km / h | 10-35km / h |
Shugaban | M jiki | Babban kai - 35% na jiki, rectangular |
Jaws | Jawashin ƙananan muƙamula ya fi girma sama, maimakon hakora, faranti mai ƙaho | Jajayen da ke sama ya fi girma girma, muƙamular an zaunar da shi tare da hakora 20-26 |
Zurfin zurfafawa | Har zuwa 500 m | Har zuwa 3.5 km |
Yana ƙarƙashin ruwa | 10-40 min | 1.5 h |
Fountain | Flat zuwa 15m a tsayi | A wani kusurwa na 45 ° |
Sauti aka yi | Steam humming | banging, danna, nishi |
Hijira | Daga kowace shekara suna ƙaura a lokaci guda tare da hanya ɗaya, komawa zuwa wurare guda | Kada ku bi tsarin yanayin ƙaura na lokacin |
Saurin Hijira | Har zuwa 30 km / h | 10 km / h |
Canza launi | Plain, inuwa, tabo | Haske mai duhu tare da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da launuka masu duhu suna yiwuwa. |
Fata | M | Wrinkled |
Na'urar Echolocation | Abubuwan da ke tattare da kasusuwa na kwanyar da sanyin kitsen sunadaran zama ruwan tabarau da mai haskakawa | Jakar maniyyi |
A kan farfajiya | Tashi don numfasawa | Zasu iya tsallakewa daga cikin ruwa gaba ɗaya, wani lokacin su fito su tsaya tsaye a cikin kauri |
Barci | Barci a cikin gado guda don kada ruwa ya nutsar | Suna bacci a tsaye, kamar iyo, ba su nutsar, zurfin barcin da bai gushe ba har zuwa mintina 12 |
Kiwo | Daga shekara 3-5, lokacin balaga daga shekara 12 | Balagagge na maza 23-25 shekara, mace - shekara 15-17 |
Ciki | 7-18 watanni | 16-17 watanni |
Milk ya ciyar | Har zuwa watanni 4-7 | Shekara 1 |
Mafi girman wakilin maƙoƙin kifi Whale shine, ba shakka, ƙwararrun maniyyi na Whale (Physeter macrocephalus).Ya kasance mallakar duka tekun Atlantika da Indiya da Tekun Pacific, ana rarraba shi akan dukkan tekuna masu zafi, yayin da arewaci da Kudancin tekun ba.
Sperm Whale mazaunin bakin teku ne, ba wai kawai ya bazu ko'ina a cikin tekun mahaifarta ba, amma a wasu lokutan yakan wuce daga wannan teku zuwa wani, alal misali, an kashe maniyyi a cikin Tekun Atlantika, wanda a jikinsa akwai wasu sirayen da ya samu daga tekun Pacific.
Ko yaya dai, maniyyi, a fili, ya tsaya a wani yanki na iyakantaccen yanki na rarrabawa, tunda a cikin yankin Bengal da kewaye Ceylon, inda ake samun sa da yawa, a halin yanzu, saboda tsananin tsanantawa, ya zama kamar wuya. Haka za'a iya faɗi game da Kudancin Pacific.
Domin kare kanka da kitsen kifi
A zahiri, yawan kitsen whale a cikin whales na yanzu ba shi da yawa kamar yadda yake a cikin dabbobin da suka girma a zamanin da. Veryaya daga cikin manya manyan maniyyi, wanda aka kama a shekara ta 1857 kusa da tsibirin Galapagos, ya ba ganga 85 mai, yayin da aka kama shi a yankin a shekarar 1817 ya ba shi ganga 100.
Ga maniyyi
Baya ga mai kitsen whale, maniyyi whale kuma yana ba da abin da ake kira maniyyi, wanda yake a cikin manyan dabba a cikin dabba. Muhimmin girman kai, ya kusan kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na duka tsayin dabbar, saboda haka, tare da adadin hakora, wanda 20-25 a kowane rabin ƙananan kashin, babbar alamar asalin maniyyi sahabi. A cikin babban maniyyi whale akwai babban rami wanda aka cika da maniyyi, ƙasan wanda ya kafa ta kwanyar kwanyar, yana ɗaukar babban bango a tsaye a ɓangaren sa na baya, wanda yake daɗaɗɗe a gaban ƙwayar maniyyi mai tsananin ƙima yana da girma sosai kuma don haka an sanya rami a ciki, wanda adadin maniyyi zai iya tarawa.
Ya bambanta da ɓangaren kai na kai, dogayen ƙaramin ƙananan ƙananan, duka rassan biyu waɗanda suke haɗuwa tare da tsakiyar tazara nesa da kusan tsawonsu duka, kekantacciya.
Sassan ƙananan muƙamuƙin suna dauke da haƙoran haƙora na haƙora a gefen baya, mai kaifi har sai an share su, kuma yana ƙunshe da abu mai kama da hauren giwa. Hakora sun rufe a cikin babban fili ƙasan babba da faɗin baki, buɗe a ƙasa, da ɗan koma baya kaɗan daga ƙarshen ƙwanƙolin, kuma ya juya zuwa cikin maɗaukaki mai fadi. Kusan a saman bakin buɗe bakin, daidai a ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙwanƙyalin, ba a tsakiyar ba, kuma da ɗan hagu daga shi, kwance ƙwanƙwarar S-dimbin yawa daga cikin hanci, ido yana ɗan ƙaramin sama da kusurwar bakin, kuma a wani nesa a bayan shi shi ne ramin kunne, ba wucewa da nisa ba na 6.5 mm.
Bai yi nisa da karshen ba, wato, kadan daga baya da kananun ido, an sanya wani bangare na abin da ke jikin mutum. Maballin maniyyi ba shi da digon ƙwarya. Madadin haka, a tsinkayen kai tare da jikin akwai wata hanyar haɓaka wacce take a cikin tsakiyar bayan ta, kuma a tsakiya tsakanin wannan haɓaka da wutsiya akwai babbar fashewa a cikin nau'in kwatangwalo wanda tsararren haɓaka ta kafa. A kasan bakin maniyyi Whale ana fentin baki ko baƙi mai launin ruwan kasa, gefuna da ciki suna da sauƙi, kirji yana da launin shuɗi.
Wani lokacin maniyyi mai ƙwaya, wanda tsoffin maza ke fuskantar juna da na sama na shugaban juya, suna fitowa a cikin samfuran haske-keɓaɓɓe ko duhu. Al’amarin maniyyi ana alamta shi ta hanyar canza launi na bakin da harshe, suna da farin haske. Saboda wannan yanayin, maniyyi sahalensa ya cinye abincinsa, ya ƙunshi cephalopods da kifi, yana rataye ƙananan muƙamuƙinsa a tsaye, kuma dabbobin da ke yi masa hidima suna jan hankalin bakinsu, kuma yana kama su, da sauri yana rufe shi.
Numfashi
Mabuɗin Werle Whale da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa don abinci yana katse tare da irin wannan daidaituwa ta hanyar numfashin dabbar, saboda wannan, watakila, ba ya faruwa a cikin ɗayan cetaceans. Maballin maniyyi daban-daban masu girma dabam, daga banbancin jima'i da shekaru, sun banbanta da yawan numfashi da tsawon lokacin da aka kashe ƙarƙashin ruwa da ruwa.
Manyan maza sukan dauki daga mintuna goma zuwa goma sha biyu zuwa shaye shaye da kuma nutsuwa, kasance a kan ruwan tsawon mintuna 12 kuma a cikin wannan lokacin lokacin inhalation 60-75 da kumburi. Lokacin da maniyyi Whale ya hau saman ruwa don numfashi, hujinsa ya fara bayyana, sannan a hankali kansa ya bar ruwan, wanda yakai kimanin sati uku yana fitar da shafi na iska wanda yake cike da farin zulumi, wannan shafin ana iya ganinsa wani lokaci daga saman mast a nesa da kusan 10 km, amma ba tare da wata hayaniya ba.
Domin shakar iska, lokacin da maniyyi Whale yai gaba, ba ya bukatar sai da na biyu. Koda bayan ɗan ɗan gajeren lokaci a saman ruwa, yakan fitar da manyan lamuran guda ɗaya na ruwa, kamar yadda aka bayyana shi.
Numfashi a ciki, maniyyi Whale ya ɓace daga farfajiya, kai ya fara ɗaukar wutsiyarsa zuwa sama kusan a tsaye, cikin ruwan yana nutse har zuwa zurfin zurfafa ya zauna tsakanin mintuna 50-70. Dabbobin tsoro sun fara bacewa a saman ruwa kwatsam, koda kuwa suna kwance a saman ruwa. Idan ba su da damuwa, to a lokacin numfashi sau da yawa suna kwance a kan ruwa ba tare da ci gaba ba. Tare da motsi mai kwantar da hankali, suna iyo kamar kilomita 4-6 / h, kuma wannan saurin na iya ƙaruwa koda kuwa maniyyin khalifa daga wannan yanki na samun abincinsu yana motsawa zuwa wani. Idan maniyyi Whale yayi iyo, kamar yadda ya saba, a wani matakin da ruwa, har ya zuwa lokacinda aka bashi damfara, to ya kai saurin kilomita 14 / h; idan, yayin iyo, yana nutsarwa kuma ya dauke kansa sama da ruwan, to, wani lokacin zai iya iyo -24 km / h
Maniyyi Whale - dabba garken
Yawancin maniyyi yawanci ana samun sa cikin garken dabbobi, a zamanin da lambobi daga 15 zuwa ɗaruruwan ɗaruruwan mutane. Yawancin lokaci maza da mata na kowane zamani suna shiga cikin irin waɗannan garkunan a ƙarƙashin jagorancin tsofaffin maza biyu ko uku. Mace suna kula da amincin garken shanu da na awaki, yayin da mata suke yin ban kwana game da wadanda aka kashe, me yasa, bayan kashe kasha na fari, yawanci zaka iya kashe wasu.
Maza matasa, a wani lokaci na shekara ta kafa garken musamman, akasin haka, sun bar abokan aikinsu da suka sami rauni, da kuma tsofaffin maza, wanda wasu, manya da tsofaffi, suna da dabi'ar zama ɗan lokaci daban-daban, a bayyane yake kuma suna kula da kansu kawai.
Nama maniyyi mai shayarwa
Matar mace mai maniyyi, wacce take a kowane lokaci na shekara, wani lokacin sukan jefa ma'aurata, yawanci cubaya kawai, wanda a lokacin haihuwa shine 3.3-4.3 m tsawo.
Tabar maniyyi Whale Whale ya kusan ƙare a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da aka biya diyyar maniyyi sosai, tunda maniyyi Whale yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci a cikin cetaceans kuma man whale ɗin (blubber) ya fi fifikon burbushin sauran Whales. Spermaceti, wanda za'a iya ɗora shi da guga daga ƙwanƙolin dabba, amma wanda ya taurare, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cinikayya, kuma ban da lalata da maniyyi, abin da ake kira ambergris, wani abu da aka taɓa amfani dashi a cikin magani, kuma yanzu kawai a cikin turare, koyaushe yana dauke da ragowar ganyen magudanar ruwa, saboda haka ana yin sa a cikin hanjin, babban taro da aka yi, duk da haka, yawanci ba daga maniyyi ba ne, amma an same shi iyo a saman teku.
A 1980, an bullo da dokar hana yanka kifayen Whales kuma yawan su yana murmurewa a hankali.
Yin gwagwarmaya don rayuwa
A yayin harin jirgin ruwa mai kama da whale, wanda ke ɗaukar ciki ya fusata, wanda maniyyi ya sa ruwa a ciki sau da yawa. Akwai shaidar tarihi ta jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu ta wurin maniyyi mai baƙi. A cikin 1851, wani rauni na maniyyi, ya tashi zuwa jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu guda daya, ya birkice shi zuwa ga wani, amma nan da nan hankalin sa ya karkata zuwa na uku.
Latterarshen ya yi nasarar tserewa daga gare shi da wahala, sannan ya ruga zuwa babban jirgin ruwan da ke lalata, yana gab da shi cikin matuƙar jirgin ruwa. Jirgin, duk da haka, ya yi nasarar jujjuyawa tare da taimakon hanzari daga dabba, wanda nan da nan ya fada cikin matsanancin mutuwa kuma ba zai iya maimaita harin ba. Mafi muni suna da wani jirgin ruwa.
A shekara ta 1820, a kudancin Tekun Pasifik, jirgin ruwa mai haushi ya bugi jirgin ruwa guda ɗaya, wanda shine farkon farkon harbin iska biyu da ya haifar da mummunar lalacewar jirgin, na biyu kuma ya fashe baka, bayan haka jirgin ruwan ya nutse. Haka kuma, jirgin ruwa ya ɓace a cikin 1851 a bakin tekun Peru. Akwai zaton cewa da yawa daga jiragen ruwan da aka bata sun mutu ne sakamakon cutar Whales.
Maniyyi whale ƙungiyoyi
Bayan haka, ya yi nisa a karkashin ruwa, ta yadda tare da taimakon mai iko, sau da yawa yakan bi bayan wani ya sake bugun wani caudal fin, zai iya samun saurin da zai ba shi damar sake tsallake saman ruwa.
Haka kuma, jikinsa nan da nan bayan ya bar ruwan ya zama kusan rabin kusurwar dama tare da ruwa, kuma caudal fin ya kasance a kwance. Lokacin da zai faɗi ƙasa, jikin yayi jujjuyawa har abada dabbar ta faɗi akan gefenta.
Rayuwa & Abinci
Tushen (80%) na maniyyi na Whale abinci shine cephalopods: squid, gami da ƙattai masu tsayi sama da 10 m, da kuma octopuses. Yakan yi faɗa sosai da ƙwararrun 'squal sperm Whales, mai yiwuwa, saboda ƙyamar da alamomin daga kofuna waɗanda ke tsotse fuskokinsu da jikinsu. Hakanan, a cewar daya daga cikin maganganun “beak” na squids da aka ci, yana fusata hanjin maniyyi, yana haifar da bayyanar ambergris, abu mai kamshi da ake amfani da shi wajen sanya turare. Bugu da ƙari ga cephalopods, maniyyi whales suna cin abinci, kodayake ƙasa da akai-akai, kifi (stingrays, ƙananan kifayen, pollock, cod, saury, bahar, da dai sauransu, har ma da nau'in-zurfin teku - macroruses da anglers). Manyan maniyyi babban whales yakan sha har zuwa ton na abinci a kowace rana, wanda shine 3% na nauyin su.
Sperm Whales suna yin zurfin ruwa a tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Don bin ganima, sun nutse har zurfin mil 1.2. Lokaci-lokaci sukan tattara daga kasan dunkule, crayfish, sponges, har ma da duwatsu. Tunda duwatsu ba su lalata ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki ba, a bayyane yake kamar yadda maniyyi ya buƙaci su gasa abinci a ciki. Whale mai ciyar da maniyyi yana iya zama a cikin ruwa har zuwa awanni 1.5, wanda babban sauƙin myoglobin ya sauƙaƙa a cikin tsokoki da rage ƙarfin jijiyar cibiyar numfashi zuwa tarin ƙwayar carbon dioxide a cikin jini.
Wani yanki na maniyyi Whale fata wanda aka rufe da lahani daga ƙanƙan katuwar squid sucker
Saurin saurin kiwo maniyyi shine 5-6, yin iyo - 9-13, ana bin sa ko rauni - 16-30 km / h. Maɓuɓɓugon ruwan Whale yana da fadi, haɓaka da hagu, har zuwa tsayi zuwa mita 2-3. Lokacin da babban kifi Whale yayi shirin nutsewa, zai ɗaga wutsiyarsa ƙyashi sama ya shiga cikin ruwa kusan tsaye. Idan maniyyi saha, ruwa, bai nuna wutsiya ba, to yana nitse da ruwa. M maniyyi Whales wutsiya gaba daya daga cikin ruwa, fadowa da kururuwa fantsama, da ƙarfi murfin wutsiya lobes a kan ruwa. A karkashin ruwa, suna zagayawa cikin ji da fadakarwa, suna yin nau'ikan sauti uku: gajere da maimaitawa, nishiyoyi da kuma fashewa da yawaita.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Matar maniyyi, mata masu halakarwa: haila tare da mata har zuwa 10-15 na bin maza tare da masu maye. Idan an hade dabbobin cikin garke guda, to, ana kiyaye maza da yawa da yawa. Wani lokaci tsakanin shekaru 4-21 na maza maza sun bar garke kuma suna haɗa kai cikin ƙungiyoyin maɓallin digiri. Tare da shekaru, wadannan kungiyoyin sun rushe; mazajen da suka manyanta sukan ajiye daya waje da lokacin kiwo.
Sake haifarwa a cikin whales na dabbare kuma yana faruwa a cikin shekara. Mafi tsananin dabbar ta hanyar canjin da aka lura a cikin bazara. Gudu a cikin maza ya ci gaba da ƙarfi ba tare da yaƙe-yaƙe ba. Bangarorin matasa maza ba sa shiga cikin haihuwa. Maza da suka manyanta suna yin faɗa da juna a wurin shugaban ƙwarma, a wasu lokuta sukan yi wa juna rauni. Gabaɗaya, kawai 10-25% na maza manya sun shiga cikin kiwo.
Cubs (3.5-5 m tsawo da 1 t a nauyi) ana haihuwar 14-16 watanni bayan tayi. Matar tana ciyar da ɗan ɗan har zuwa shekaru 2. Maniyyi Whales girma a cikin shekaru 8-11 (mace). Maza kusan shekaru 10 ne da haihuwa, kodayake yawanci basa shiga haihuwa har sai shekaru 25 zuwa 25. Sperm Whale yana rayuwa, a fili, shekaru 45-50.
Matsayin Al'umma da Kariya
Cikakken bayanai masu yawa ba su da yawa. Dangane da fitar da sakamakon binciken, an kiyasta shi da yaduwar mutane - daga mutane 200,000 zuwa 2,000,000. Duk da irin abincin da yayi a baya, yawan maniyyi Whales ya fi tsawan kwanciyar hankali fiye da na sauran kifayen, mai yiwuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa kifayen whales suna ciyar da faren-tekun, wanda ba a farautar sa ba.
Gidauniyar Wikimedia. 2010.
Dubi abin da Wahles Whales ke cikin wasu kamus:
- (Physeteridae), dangin dabbobi masu shayarwa daga yatsun kifi na babban bakin ruwa, sun hada da abubuwa biyu: ainihin maniyyi Whales (Physeter, jinsin daya) da dwarf maniyyi whales (jinsuna biyu). A kan babban gashin maniyyi Whales, matashin mai daga maniyyi (har zuwa 6 t), hakora ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
maniyyi Whales - kašalotai statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas ladis apibrėžtis Gentyje 1 rūšis. Paplitimo arealas - visi vandenynai, išskyrus šaltas poliarines sritis. atitikmenys: yawa. Mala'ika na jiki. maniyyi Whales vok. Dankaliwale rus. maniyyi Whales ... ... Žinduolių pavadinimų žodynas
Dwarf maniyyi Whales ... Wikipedia
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Daidai kamar kogii ... Bigarasawar Babban Encyclopedic
Daidai kamar kogii. * * * Dwarf maniyyi Whales Dwarf maniyyi Whales, iri ɗaya ne da kogii (duba KOGII) ... damus ɗin Encyclopedic
Iyalin maniyyi Whale - 6.4.1. Maniyyi Wahle Physita maniyyi Whale>
Hadari ga mutane
Baya ga gaskiyar cewa maniyyi mai whale na iya nutsar da babban jirgin ruwa, maniyyi Whale shi kaɗai ne daga cikin dabbobi da za su iya hadiye mutum gaba ɗaya. Kuma wannan yanayin ana yawan amfani da shi a wasu tatsuniyoyi da almara.
Gabaɗaya, dabbar da maniyyin dabbar dabba take da kwanciyar hankali, idan bakayi ƙoƙarin cutar da shi ko zuriyarsa ba.