Akwai salmonids masu yawa, ɗayan iyalai shine whitefish, babban, ba a yin nazari sosai kuma yana da halayen halayen kifi. Wakilan wannan dangin suna da karar da aka gabatar a kaikaice da kuma karamin bakinsu saboda girman su, wanda hakan ke bayar da matukar damuwa ga masu sha'awar kamun kifi. Farin farin kifi sau da yawa ba zai iya jure nauyin lokacin da aka cire shi daga ruwa ba, kuma, yana kwance lebe, kifin ya fita.

Sakamakon kamannin silhouette na farin kifin mai tare da karen herring, whitefish kuma ana kiranta herring, kuma kawai adipose fin a fili suna nuna alaƙar salmon ɗin su. Babban matsayin canji na haruffa har yanzu ba ya ƙyale mu mu kafa ainihin adadin nau'in jinsinsu: a cikin kowane tafkin za ku iya kafa nau'ikan ku na musamman, alal misali, nau'ikan guda 43 ne kawai aka bayyana a cikin tabkuna na Kola Peninsula. A halin yanzu, ana kan aiki don hada nau'ikan kamanni zuwa jinsuna guda, wanda ya kamata ya haifar da tsarin nau'ikan kifayen da ke cikin kifin kifin.

Babban bayanin iyali

A cikin ƙasar Rasha, akwai nau'ikan kifaye sama da ɗari na wannan iyali tare da kyakkyawan dandano da sauran kaddarorin masu amfani. Mahalli kusan dukkanin wuraren ajiyar ruwa ne daga Kogin Penla na yamma zuwa Yankin Kamchatka da Chukchi a gabas. Wannan kifin da yake yana nufin salmonamma naman nata fari, wani lokacin ruwan hoda. Sau da yawa, har ma masanan basu jin dadinsu cewa Baikal omul shine farin kifin. Ga jerin gajeriyar sunayen farin kifi:

• fararen fata da kuma daskararrun Turai (ripus), farin kifin Atlantik da Baltic,
• Whitefish Volkhovsky, Bauntovsky da Siberian (Pyzhyan), Baikal omul,
• Muksun, Tugun, Valaamka da Chir (chokur).

Wannan kifayen da ke da bambanci ba su da bayyanar sutura iri ɗaya, amma duk mambobi ne na iyali suna da sikeli na azurfa da ƙusoshin duhu. Tashin kitse, alama ce ta duk kifin kifin salmon, kuma abune da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Siffa ta musamman ga mace ita ce sikeli, sabanin sikeli na maza, ya fi girma kuma yana da launuka masu launin shuɗi.

Kamar kifi, ana iya samo farin kifi A cikin sabo da ruwan gishiri. Dangane da wannan, an rarraba rukuni biyu na farin kifi:

• ruwa mai tsafta - tafki da kogi,
• wucewa ko bakin kifin teku.

Gallery: nau'in kifin kifi (25 Photos)

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Sigi suna daga cikin ajin da aka yi jita-jita da suka tashi a duniyar wata a ƙarshen zamanin Silurian. Da farko, sun bunkasa a hanzarta, kuma bayan kusan 150-170 Ma, taskokin baƙin ƙarfe sun bayyana - kifin kifin nasa ne. Amma kafin bayyanar wannan nau'in da kanta da kuma tsarin salmonids, wanda suke ɗayansu, yana can nesa. Sai kawai a farkon Cretaceous lokacin da wani ƙwararraki ya sake tashi - waɗanda suke da sifa irin na 'yan awaki. Sun yi kamar kakanni don maganin salmon, kuma sun bayyana a tsakiyar Cretaceous.

Amma game da karshen, masana kimiyya suna da nau'o'i daban-daban: burbushin salmon wanda ya rayu zuwa wannan lokacin ba a gano shi ba, sabili da haka kamanninsu to har yanzu ya kasance ka'ida. Abubuwan farko da aka samo sun fara zuwa Eocene, suna da shekara miliyan 55 - wani ƙaramin kifi ne da ya rayu cikin ruwa mai ɗumi.

Bidiyo: Sig

Da farko, akwai karancin kifayen salmon, tunda babu sauran burbushin halittu na dogon lokaci, kuma cikin yanayin tsufa na shekaru miliyan 20-25 ne suka bayyana, kuma sau dayawa. Bambancin nau'ikan yana girma yayin da yake gab da zamani - kuma tuni a cikin wannan yadudduka farin kifi na fari ya bayyana.

Sunan halittar - Coregonus, ya fito ne daga tsoffin kalmomin helenanci "angle" da "dalibi" kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa ɗalibin a cikin wasu nau'in fararen kifin a gaba yana da angular. Bayanin kimiyya na Carl Linnaeus ya yi shi a cikin 1758. Gabaɗaya, kwayoyin sun hada da nau'ikan 68 - duk da haka, bisa ga rarrabuwa daban-daban, za'a iya samun adadin su daban.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Abin da fararen hular fata ke kama

Ana bambanta Sigi ta babban bambanci: nau'ikan suna iya bambanta sosai da juna, wani lokacin nau'ikan kifin 5-6 na daban sun bambanta da juna a cikin tafki ɗaya wanda ana iya ɗaukarsu azaman wakilan janareta gaba ɗaya. Kawai zafin nama na humpback, da wasu fasaloli na tsarin bakin za'a iya bambance su da ɗaya: ƙaramin girman ramin bakin, rashin hakora akan ƙashin maxillary da gajarta. Komai ya canza, wani lokacin ma. Misali, gill stamens a wasu farin kifayen suna da 15, kuma a cikin wasu har zuwa 60. Su da kansu suna da laushi kuma suna kwance, kuma jikin kifin yana da ɗan gajarta ko a bayyane yake.

Girman farin kifi na iya bambanta sosai, daga ƙaramin zuwa ƙaramin kifi - har zuwa 90 cm tsayi da nauyin 6 kilogiram. Akwai kifin kifi, tafki da ƙaura, mafarauta da cin kawai plankton: a wata kalma, bambancin shine babban halayyar su. Koyaya, ga mafi yawan nau'ikan, fasali masu zuwa suna da halayyar: jiki yana da tsayayye, maras kyau a gefuna, mai kauri, ma'aunin launin shuɗi, ƙarar duhu. A baya kanta ma duhu, yana iya samun dan kadan kore ko launin shuɗi mai haske. Cikakken ciki ya fi ƙarfin jiki, haske mai launin toka zuwa mai mau kirim.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa:Zai fi sauƙi ga kifi don farin kifi a bazara, lokacin da kifin da yake jin yunwa yana jefa komai. Yana da wahala, amma ba da yawa ba, don kama shi a cikin bazara, amma lada ya fi girma - a lokacin rani yana ciyar da mai, ya zama mafi girma da kyau. A lokacin rani, kifi na cizo mafi muni, a nan kuna buƙatar riga ku zaɓi ƙungiyar, kuyi amfani da koto.

Ina ne fari ke zaune?

HOTO: Whitefish a Rasha

Kusan dukkan Turai, gami da Turai ta Rasha, suna shiga cikin kewayonta. Yana kuma zaune a arewacin Asiya da Arewacin Amurka.

A cikin Turai, ya fi zama ruwan dare a ɓangarorin arewaci da tsakiya, gami da:

A cikin Rasha, tana zaune a kwarin kwarin manyan kogunan da ke gudana a cikin tekuna na Tekun Arctic, gami da tafkuna da yawa: daga Kogin Volkhov a yamma har zuwa Chukotka kanta. Hakanan ana samun ta zuwa kudu, amma ƙasa da akai-akai. Misali, yana zaune ne a cikin Baikal da wasu layukan Transbaikalia. Kodayake mafi yawan kewayon kifin kifi a Asiya sun faɗi akan ƙasar Rasha, waɗannan kifayen suna zaune a waje da shi, alal misali, a cikin layukan Armenia - alal misali, farin kifin yana daɗaɗɗun girma a cikin su, Sevan. A Arewacin Amurka, kifi na zaune a wuraren ajiya a cikin Kanada, Alaska, da Amurka kusa da kan iyakar arewa. Manyan Tabkuna, da kuma tafkuna na Alpine a Turai, a baya can suna zama da bakin kifin farin kifi, amma anan da can yawancin jinsunan da aka riga aka zauna dasu, wasu sun zama da wuya.

Whitefish galibi suna zaune ne a cikin koguna na arewa da tabkuna saboda suna haɗu da duk halayen da suka fi so: ruwan da yake cikinsu yana ɗauka lokaci ɗaya mai sanyi, tsabta da wadatar iskar oxygen. Sigi suna neman duk abubuwan da ke sama kuma, idan ruwan ya gurbata, da sauri su bar kandami ko kuma su mutu. Wannan kifin sabo ne, amma akwai wasu nau'in halittu da suke cin lokaci a cikin ruwan gishiri, kamar su omul da Siberian: suna iya haura zuwa bakin kogin kuma suna cin lokaci a cikin biya, ko ma yin iyo a cikin tekun buɗe - amma yakamata su sake komawa ruwa mai kyau .

Matashi fari kifayen suna iyo a saman ruwa kuma yawanci suna kusa da bakin tekun, amma manya sukanyi zurfin zurfafawa, galibi a zurfin 5-7 mm, wani lokacin ma zasu iya nitsewa cikin ramuka a saman kogin kuma yin iyo kusa da saman kawai don ciyar. Suna son su zauna kusa da rapids tare da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa mai sanyi.

Yanzu kun san inda aka samo farin kifin. Bari mu ga abin da kifi yake ci.

Menene farin kifi?

Sigi na iya samun abinci ko saman abinci - kuma wasu sun hada biyun. Wato, za su iya farautar ƙananan kifin, ko su mallaki plankton.

Mafi sau da yawa farin kifi suna ci:

Sau da yawa yin ƙaura don neman wuraren abinci da yawa na kogin, na iya zuwa ƙananan wuraren don neman abinci, kuma a ƙarshen kakar sake sake komawa zuwa saman kogunan, neman wuraren tara tarin tukunya. Yawancin lokaci suna cin caviar, gami da nau'in nasu, kuma suna cin abincin soyarsu. Manyan kifayen farin kifi sun gwammace su kawo hari ba zato ba tsammani, kafin su iya kallon ganima daga kwanton bauna. Kifi yana da taka tsantsan, kuma ba zai yi hanzarin zuwa koto ba - a farko zai lura da halayensa. Sau da yawa sukan kai hari nan da nan tare da garken, don haka waɗanda abin ya shafa ba su da wata mafaka. Yawancin lokaci manyan kifin farin suna kama a cikin rami a kasan kuma jira da haƙuri har sai wasu kifayen na tasowa daga gare su, bayan wannan sai suyi ɗan gajeren tsalle suna kama shi. Wanda aka azabtar na iya zama duka ƙaramin kifi da babba babba, za su iya cin abinci har ma da dangi. Sarancin shigs galibi suna ciyar da ruwa a kan shimfidar kogin, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan crustaceans, mollusks, larvae, da sauran ƙananan halittu masu rai. Kifayen kifi a ƙasa suna cin benthos - suna rayuwa akan ƙasan ƙananan koguna kamar tsutsotsi da mollusks.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A Arewa, wani farin kifi kamar sugudai ya shahara sosai. Abu ne mai sauqi ka shirya: sabo kifi mai buqatar a zana shi da kayan yaji kuma bayan kawai kwata na awa daya zaka iya cinye shi cikin firiji.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Whitefish a karkashin ruwa

Farin kifin yana dauke da sirrinsa: koyaushe suna yin taka tsantsan kuma suna ƙoƙarin su kasance tare da wasu kifayen makamancin kama, har ma sun fi ƙarfin girman su. A lokaci guda, suna da m kuma suna iya raba kifayen da ba su da yawa daga tafkuna. Masunta galibi suna amfani da wannan: suna kama farin kifi a wuraren tara ƙananan abubuwa a cikin bazara, inda za'a iya haɗuwa da kullun, suna ɓoye soya. Sukan yi hijabi a cikin ramuka, galibi suna tarawa a cikin da dama daga cikinsu. Kifi hunturu mai yiwuwa ne a kansu, kawai kuna buƙatar nemo irin wannan rami.

Gabaɗaya, halayensu da salon rayuwarsu sun bambanta sosai dangane da tsari. Akwai tafki, kogi da farin kifin ƙaura, kuma halayyar wakilan kowane ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan sun sha bamban. Bugu da kari, wannan kifin da ke zama a cikin manyan lakuna, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi biyu, ga bakin teku, da bakin tekun. Dangane da haka, fararen kifayen bakin teku suna zama kusa da bakin tekun kuma kusa da saman ruwa - galibi su wakilai ne na kananan halittu ko kuma kawai kifin matasa, pelagic - a cikin yankin tsakanin farfajiya da ƙasa, zurfin teku - a ƙasan kai tsaye, yawanci a cikin ramuka, galibi waɗannan waɗannan sune mafi yawan farin kifin.

Wannan yana tantance halayen kifaye, da kuma farin ruwan kifin tare da dabi'unsa kaɗan yayi kama da na bakin tekun; ya kamata a kula da su daban. Rayuwar Whitefish na iya zama shekaru 15-20, amma a matsakaita yana da ƙasa, kuma galibi suna kama kifaye waɗanda shekarunsu 5-10 ne. Smallan ƙaramin kifin fari mai tsayi, a kan matsakaita, ya fi girma fiye da kifin dutsen fari, kuma ya fi tsayi.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Menene farin kifi?

Mazan Whitefish sun zama masu yin jima'i a shekara ta biyar na rayuwa, kuma mace shekara guda ko biyu. Lokacin shakatawa yana farawa ne a cikin kaka, a rabin rabin Satumba, kuma yana iya wucewa har zuwa ƙarshen kaka ko farkon hunturu. A wannan lokacin, farin kifi a cikin manyan garkuna yana motsa ko dai daga tabkuna zuwa koguna, ko zuwa saman sama ko kuma manyan koguna.

Tsallake zuwa wuraren da aka haife su da kansu. Yawancin lokaci wannan ruwa ne mara ruwa, mafi kyawun zafin jiki ruwa shine digiri 2-5. Mace ta sanya ƙwai dubu 15 - 35, a mafi yawan lokuta wannan ne take zaɓar baccin baya mai nutsuwa wanda ke da ciyayi. Bayan tsallake kifin kifi, ko mace ko mace ba - suna iya fallasa a shekara.

Amma iyaye ba su shiga cikin kariyar caviar ko dai - bayan an gama lalata, kawai suna tashi ruwa. Kawai larvae da aka ƙera kaɗan ƙanƙani ne - ƙasa da santimita ba da tsayi ba. Matakan lardin yana wata daya da rabi. Da farko, larvae ya kasance kusa da wurin haihuwa a cikin garken kuma yana ciyar da plankton, idan tafki ne ko baya-baya mai natsuwa. Idan sun bayyana a cikin kogin, to, halin yanzu yana busa su har sai ya kusoshi zuwa wani wuri mai natsuwa.

Lokacin da suka girma zuwa 3-4 cm, sun zama soya, fara cin larvae kwari da ƙananan crustaceans. A shekarar da fararen kifaye suka fara tafiya da sauri a bakin kogin, sun fara farautar abin da ya fi girma - tun daga wannan lokacin, suna da asali a cikin manyan alamun manya, kodayake sun kai ga balaga.

Whitefish na halitta makiya

Yawan abokan gaban kifin kifayen tsofaffi na iya bambanta dangane da girmanta da kuma tafkin da yake rayuwa a ciki. Wani lokaci wannan kifin yana ƙaura sauran manyan magabatansu, sannan kuma yana rayuwa da yardar rai. A wasu halayen, babu su da yawa, kuma su kansu ba su da girma, don haka manyan kifayen da ake cin abincinsu a kansu, kamar pike, catfish, burbots.

Ko ta yaya, wasu barazanar suna fitowa daga ruwa don farin kifin kifi. Mutane sun fi haɗari a gare su, saboda ana aiwatar da kamun kifi sosai akan waɗannan kifin, wani lokaci ana zaɓar mashin musamman a gare su, musamman sau da yawa a cikin hunturu, lokacin da kifin kifi yana cikin mafi yawan jan kifin. Mafi yawan hatsarin da ke cikin tafki don soya kuma musamman caviar. Beetanyansu na iyo suna son cin abinci, har ma lardinsu suna cin caviar. Wannan kwaro yakan zama babban abin da zai hana fararen kifayen kiwo a cikin wani kandami tare da kwashe sauran nau'in kifaye daga ciki. Hakanan, abokan hamayya don soya sune masu jan ruwa, kunama na ruwa, kwari-smoothies. Latterarshen sami damar kashe ba kawai haifaffe kawai ba, har ma da ɗan ƙaramin farin kifi mai ƙaramin girma - kwari su na da illa ga kifi. Har ila yau, larvae na Dragonfly suma ciyar a kan soya hatched.

Amphibians, kamar kwaro, sabulu, kuma suna da haɗari - suna cin abinci biyu da ƙananan kifi, har ma tadpoles ɗin suna son caviar. Hakanan akwai wasu tsuntsaye masu haɗari: ducks suna farauta don soya, kuma loons da seagulls na iya kai hari har ma da manya, idan sun kasance ƙaramin girman. Wata masifa ita ce helminths. Sigi yana wahala daga helminthiasis fiye da mafi yawan kifayen, yawanci cututtukan ƙwayar cuta suna daidaita cikin hanjinsu da ƙwayoyin jikinsu. Domin kada ya kamu, ya kamata a sarrafa nama sosai.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Kifi na Kogi na Kifi na Whitefish

Halittar ya hada da adadi mai yawa, kuma matsayin su na iya bambanta sosai: wasu ba sa cikin haɗari kuma babu wasu hani game da kamawar su, wasu suna kan ƙarshen ƙarewa. A cikin Wuraren Rasha, inda farin kifin ya fi yawa, duk da haka ya haifar da yalwar yanayi: yawancinta ya faɗi kusan ko'ina. A cikin wasu koguna da tabkuna, inda akwai kifayen da yawa a da, yanzu yawan jama'an da ba za su iya zama tare da waɗanda suka gabata ba. Don haka farar kifin ya shafa ta hanyar kama aiki, har ma da ƙari ta hanyar gurɓatar muhalli, saboda tsabtace ruwa yana da matukar mahimmanci a gare su.

Amma saboda nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsin, yanayin yana buƙatar bincika daban don kowane ɗayansu. Misali, siyarwar Turawa tayi yawa, kuma ya zuwa yanzu yawan jama'arta a cikin kogunan Turai basa cikin haɗari. Haka yake tare da omul, galibi suna rayuwa ne a cikin kogunan Siberiya da Arewacin Amurka. Sun ci gaba da kama dala a cikin kogunan arewacin Rasha - ya zuwa yanzu babu matsala da lambobin sa sun bayyana, ga gabas - a Siberiya, Chukotka, Kamchatka, har ma a Kanada, suna ci gaba da kame chira, kuma har zuwa yanzu babu abin da ke barazanar ta.

Amma kifin kifin na Atlantika mallakar jinsin ne masu rauni, saboda yawan jama'arsu ya ragu sosai saboda kamun kifi mai aiki, don haka an gabatar da hane-hane. Hakanan cutarwa shine fari kifayen gama gari, wanda aka ɗauke shi azaman wakilin wakilcin asalin halittar. Har ila yau, akwai ƙananan kifayen bazuwar gama gari, wasu nau'in ma sun bayyana a cikin littafin Red.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Whitefish kifi ne mai lalacewa, mai kifi, sabili da haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a tabbatar cewa sabo ne: idan an adana whitefish ko adana shi a cikin yanayi mara kyau, ana iya guba shi.

Masu tsaron farin kifi

Hoto: Red Book Sig

Anan yanayin yana daidai da na yawan jama'a: an yarda da wasu nau'ikan kamawa da yardar rai, wasu kuma doka ta kiyaye su. Hakanan ana iya kafa tushen iyakokin jihohi akan wannan: koda za'a iya yarda da jinsi iri ɗaya a cikin ƙasa guda kuma an haramta shi a wata, duk da cewa suna da ruwa ɗaya.

A Rasha, ana kiyaye wasu nau'ikan da yawa. Don haka, yawan kifayen Volkhov ya lalace matuka sakamakon aikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki a gabar kogin a shekarar 1926 - an katange kifayen daga samun damar zuwa wuraren filayen, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ya zama dole ne a kiyaye yawan jama'arsu ta hanyar kiwo. An kuma kare kifayen farin kifi da ke zaune a Transbaikalia: a baya, an aiwatar da kamun kifi mai karko, kuma an kama ɗaruruwan tan na wannan kifin, amma irin wannan cin amana ya lalata mutanenta. Hakanan ana kiyaye kariya daga ruwan kifi na yau da kullun a wasu yankuna na Rasha.

Abubuwa guda biyar suna rayuwa a cikin wuraren rago na Koryak Automatous Okrug lokaci guda, waɗanda babu inda za a same su a ko'ina, kuma dukkan su ma doka ce ta ba su kariya: an kama su sosai a baya, sakamakon abin da yawan kowane nau'in waɗannan nau'in ya ragu sosai. Idan a baya an ba su kariya ne kawai a wajen keɓaɓɓiyar yanki, yanzu an kuma kula da kula da wuraren kula da waɗannan kifin a waje da shi.

Hakanan ana kiyaye wasu nau'in farin kifin a wasu ƙasashe: akwai nau'in halittu da yawa da kuma jihohin da suke zaune a yankinsu don jera komai. Matakan da za su tallafawa alumma na iya zama daban: hanawa ko hana kamun kifayen, kirkirar wuraren kariya, sarrafa iskar gas mai cutarwa, noman kifaye.

Whitefish - Kifin yana da daɗi sosai, yayin da yake zaune a cikin latitude arewacin, inda babu sauran ganima, sabili da haka yana da mahimmanci musamman. Sakamakon kamun kifi, wasu nau'in kifin kifi sun zama da wuya, saboda haka ana buƙatar matakan kariya da dawo da yawan jama'a. Ba shi yiwuwa a bada izinin ci gaba da tabarbarewa, in ba haka ba, asussukan arewa za su rasa mahimman mazaunan.

Gasar kifin Salmon

Mazaunin waɗannan kifayen suna da faɗi sosai. Ana iya samun wakilan dangin salmon a cikin Tekun Pacific da Atlantika, da kuma gawarwakin ruwa na Arewacin Hemisphere. Yankunan da suka fi girma a duniya na wannan nau'in kifi suna cikin Kamchatka, Sakhalin da tsibirin Kuril.

Ga mafi yawan sashin, wannan kifi ne na kasuwanci da mahimmanci na dangin salmon; girbinsa, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ana yin shi ba kawai don nama mai daɗi ba, har ma da jan caviar.

Halin hali

Kifi dangin salmon yana da fasali guda daya. Ya ta'allaka ne da cewa duk wani wakilin wannan nau'in, har ma da kifayen tekuna na arewacin na dangin salmon, ya kan jefe cikin kogunan ruwa. Misali, mutanen Pasifik galibi sun yi ƙaura ne a cikin koguna na Kamchatka Territory. A wannan lokacin, bayyanar kifin yana canzawa fiye da masaniyar ganewa, ya zama ya bambanta duka a launi da sifa. Kuma ingancin nama a wannan lokacin an ragu sosai. Saboda haka, kama kifin idan ya tsallake ya haramta.

Kusan duk salmon suna da jikin da ya karye daga baya. Bugu da kari, an bambanta dangin salmon daga sauran nau'ikan kifayen sakamakon kasancewar layin da ke a gefe.

Yawan nau'in kifi mallakar dangin salmon

Daga cikin kifayen wannan nau'in akwai ruwa mai kyau da ƙaura. Dangane da wannan rarrabuwa, akwai rarrabuwa tsakanin wakilai. Wanne kifi ne na dangin salmon?

1. Salmon na Arewa ko na kifi.
2. Whitefish.
3. Nelma.
4. Whitefish.
5. Mon salmon ruwan hoda.
6. Babban salmon
7. Chum.
8. Salma mai tsami.
9. Salmon ja.
10. Tafiya.

A takaice dai bayanin kifin kifi. Kifi

Bari muyi cikakken bayani menene wasu kifayen da ke cikin kifin mutanen salmon. Jerin ya buɗe tare da salmon na arewa (mai daraja) ko kifi. Wannan nau'in kifayen masu kyau da kyau suna zaune a cikin Tekun Bahar Maliya. Naman wannan wakilin salmon yana da daɗi da taushi, launin ja. Yana da wadatar abinci a cikin abinci mai gina jiki. An bambanta Salmon da girman sa, tsawonsa ya kai mita 1.5 tare da nauyin 40 kg. A darajar, naman salmon ya fi tsada fiye da sauran wakilan dangin salmon.

An rufe jikin salmon da ƙananan sikeli na azurfa; nunannun tabarma a ƙananan layin ƙarshe ba su nan. Wannan kifin na giyar salmon yana cin crustaceans da ƙananan kifi a cikin teku. Lokacin da ta je spain, ta daina cin abinci don haka ta rasa nauyi sosai. Zuwa lokacin matsewar, yanayin bayyanar kifin yana canzawa sosai: jikin kifin ya yi duhu, tabarau-ja yana bayyana a garesu da kai. A cikin maza, dayan juji ma sun canza; a sashinsu na sama, fasalin fasalin da ya dace da ƙugiya, wanda ke shiga hutun babban muƙamuƙin.

Gasar salmon ta kasance a cikin kaka, a wasu yankuna da kuma hunturu. Yanayin zafin ruwa a cikin filaye bai wuce digiri 6 na Celsius ba, don haka cin gaban ƙwai yakan faru a hankali. Sai kawai a watan Mayu yara fara fara kyan gani daga qwai, sa'an nan na dogon lokaci zama a cikin ruwa sabo. Matasa ba su kama da sauran danginsu da suka manyanta - sune masu motsi da kifi masu launi. Bayan shekaru 5, sun kusanci wurare kuma, sun kai girman 9-18 cm, zuwa teku. A wannan lokacin, jikinsu yana rufe da ma'aunin azurfa.

Whitefish

Whitefish yana zaune a cikin Tekun Caspian. Kamar yawancin wakilan nau'ikan kifi, kifin kifi yana da siffofin hunturu da bazara. Wannan kifin na arewacin mutanen gidan kifi, kamar kusan kifi ne, magabaci ne. A cikin teku, yana ciyar da ƙaramin 'yan'uwa: herring, gobies, kazalika da crustaceans da kwari. A lokacin cin abinci, ba ya cin komai a kogunan don haka yana asarar nauyi mai yawa; yawan kitsen da ke cikin nama a wannan lokacin bai wuce 2% ba.

Tana daya daga cikin nau'ikan kifaye masu mahimmanci. Namancinta yana da karancin adadin kuzari. Kifi na farin ruwan zina yana amfani da kogin Volga da kuma wurarenda yake bada gudummawa a matsayin matattarar ƙasa. Ya kai tsawon sama da mita, yana yin nauyi daga 3 zuwa 14 kg, tare da matsakaicin nauyin mata - kilogiram 8,6, maza - 6 kg. Whitefish ya zama mai yin jima'i lokacin da yake shekaru 6-7.

Nelma

Nelma shine dangi na kusancin da ya gabata. Gidaje shine ƙofofin rafin Ob da Irtysh. Yana da nauyin kilogram 3 zuwa 12 (akwai wasu mutane manya-manya masu nauyinsu ya kai kilo 30) kuma tsawonsa ya kai cm cm Nelma yana wakiltar dangin kifin kifin salmon, hoton da ke cikin labarin ya nuna yadda yake. Tana da manyan sikeli na azurfa, ƙaramar caviar. Wannan kifi ne mai saurin girma. Ya kai ga balaga yana da shekaru 8 zuwa 18, gwargwadon mazaunin. Kayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin ta dace da lokacin tsiya ba ta bambanta da na al'ada. Bakin wannan kifin wakilin yana da girma sosai, kamar kifi. Kuma tsarin kwanyar ya bambanta ta hanyar nelma daga kifin kifi da farin kifi. Dangane da dandano, nelma nama kadan ne daga fararen nama.

Whitefish

Babban rukuni mafi yawa ya ƙunshi fari kifi na dangin salmon, jerin waɗannan nau'ikan sune kamar haka:

1. Omul.
2. Tugun.
3. Siberian kaya (Ob herring).

An matsa jikin farin kifi a gefe guda, kuma sifar jaws din ya dogara da abinci mai gina jiki. A cikin yanayin, akwai ƙananan wakilai biyu na wannan nau'in (kayan sayarwa suna da nauyin kimanin 400 g) da kuma manyan mutane (alal misali, omul mai nauyin kilogram 3). Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: bayan tsallakewa, omul ta koma mazauninta - zuwa ƙasan kogunan. Naman whitefish fari ne mai taushi. Tasteanɗanarta sun ta'allaka ne kan wurin kamawa. Ya zama mafi kyawun mazauninsu, mai ɗanɗano nama.

Salmon Gabas da Yankin Pacific

Idan muka yi la’akari da wakilan kifin na Gabas da na Pacific, za mu iya cewa dangin salmon sun hada da: salmon ruwan hoda, kifin kifi, soyayyen kifi, kifin salmon, kifin salmon. Karshen su shine mafi ƙarancin kifi - 6%. Saboda bayyanar su, ana kiran salmon salmon yawanci azurfa (a zamanin da - farin kifi). Tana iya kaiwa nauyin kilogram 14, tsayinsa ya wuce cm 80. Amma yawancin mutane masu matsakaicin girman ne, mai nauyin kilo 7-8, ke sayarwa. Salmon salmon ya yi tsamari daga dukkan salmonids - daga Satumba zuwa Maris, wani lokacin ma a kan kankara. A lokacin shakatawa, mata da maza na coho salmon sun zama duhu. A cikin teku, yana rayuwa kaɗan kuma tuni cikin shekaru 2-3 ya zama mai balaga. Wannan shine mafi yawan wakilcin thermophilic na salmon na Pacific. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan salmon salho ya ragu sosai.

Ruwan kifi mashin ruwan hoda shi ne kifi da ke fara aiki dangane da kamun kifi don dalilai na kasuwanci. Namancinta yana da kitsen mai kusan kashi 7.5. Amma ruwan kifi mai ruwan hoda shima ƙaramin kifi ne na wannan iyali, da ƙimarsa ba ta wuce kilogiram 2 ba. Tsawon kowane mutum shine kusan cm 70. jikinsa an rufe shi da kananan sikeli. A cikin teku, ana fentin shi da launi na azurfa, an rufe wutsiyar cikin kananan duhu. A cikin koguna, launin ruwan kifi mai ruwan hoda ya canza: duhu duhu ya rufe kai da bangarorin. A lokacin tsinke, dabbar tana girma cikin maza, jaws suna tsawa kuma tanƙwara. Kyawawan kifi a wannan lokacin ya zama mummuna mara kyau.

Chinook a bayyanar yayi kama da babban kifi. Kifi ne mafi mahimmanci kuma mafi girma daga cikin nau'in kifi na gabashin gabashin Matsakaicin matsakaicin kifin chinook ya kai 90 cm. A bayan, wutsiya da ƙarancin fin an rufe su da ƙananan baƙar fata. A cikin tekuna, wannan nau'in kifayen zai iya rayuwa daga shekaru 4 zuwa 7. Wannan wakilin sanyi ne na ƙauna ga dangin salmon. Duk salmon na Tekun Pasifik ya tsiro sau ɗaya a rayuwa kuma ba da daɗewa ba zai mutu bayan haka.

Salmon kifi shima kifi ne mai ƙoshin mai. Duk da wannan, mai kitse a cikin nama ya fi na ruwan kifi ruwan hoda. Wannan ya fi girma, yaduwa da kuma babban nau'in dangin salmon Far Eastern. Zai iya kaiwa tsawon mil 1. Keta sanannu ne saboda babban caviar orange mai haske.

Kayan ruwan teku wanda kifin kifin salmon yake sanyawa ana fentin azurf ne, ba shi da ratsi ko tabo. A cikin koguna, kifin ya canza launin launi zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan hoda tare da ratsi duhu irin na rasberi. A lokacin shakatarwa, jikin chum ya zama baki ɗaya. Girman hakora, musamman a cikin maza, yana ƙaruwa. Da naman zama gaba daya ba m, ya fi kyau, kuma flabby. Kifi ya tsiro don jefa ƙwai don shekaru 3-5 na rayuwa. Yana zuwa spawn a cikin koguna na Siberia:

Salmon ja

Yi la'akari da wata halitta ta wakilai na Gabas ta Tsakiya, wannan kifi ne na dangin salmon - salkar sockeye. Abin ban sha'awa ne cewa mutumin da aka kama cikin ruwan yana da launi ja. Wasu lokuta ana kiranta jan kifi. Namancinta yana da dandano mai kyau. Kuma a lokacin da yake tsalle, yana mai fari fari. Girman wannan wakilin dangin salmon bai wuce 80 cm ba, matsakaicin nauyi yana daga kilogiram 2 zuwa 4. Kalmomin Sockeye ba su da yawa a cikin ƙasarmu kamar ruwan kifi mai ruwan hoda da kifin chum. Tana shiga kogunan Kamchatka, Anadyr, kogunan tsibirin Kuril.

Kifin ja shine nau'in son kifi na ƙaunar sanyi. Ba za ku same ta a cikin teku ba, inda zafin jiki ya wuce digiri 2 na zafi. Sockeye caviar ya zama ƙarami - 4.7 mm, mai launin ja. Abubuwan da ke tattare da yanayin zamantakewar al'umma suna da fa'ida sosai: baya da kuma bangarorin sun yi ja mai haske, kai ya zama kore, ƙashin sama yana ja-ja. Ciki a cikin tabkuna da kuma wuraren da ruwan ƙasa ke fitowa. Kifi mai ja da yawa ya zama mafi yawan lokuta a cikin shekaru 5-6 na rayuwa. A teku, ana ciyar da ita ne kacincikin fauna.

Tafiya

Wannan kifin na kifin salmon an same shi a cikin Onega, Ladoga Lakes da sauran jikin ruwa na Karelia da Kola Peninsula, kuma ana iya gani a cikin kwarin Baltic da Farin Teku. Trout ya zo da dama iri:

1. Scottish
2. Alpine.
3. Turai
4. Ba’amurke
5. Kogi.
6. Kankana.
7. Bakan gizo.

Tana fifita kifin ruwa mai tsafta daga dangin salmon zuwa wuraren ajiyar ruwan sanyi tare da tsaftataccen ruwa mai tsafta. Kasuwar ruwan tabkin ya bambanta da launi da salon rayuwa. Wakilan wannan nau'in kifin salmon sun kasance abubuwan da ke haifar da kiba ta wucin gadi don farauta da abinci. Brook trout galibi ana kiranta pestle saboda launinta mai haske; Kifin lake yana da suna na biyu - trout.

Kwaro ya girma zuwa girman 25 cm kuma nauyinsa ya kai 500 g. Tana fifita koguna masu sauri da sanyi. Spawns a cikin kaka ko hunturu. Kwallan launin ruwan kasa masu launin shuɗi tare da aibobi masu duhu iri-iri. Wannan nau'in kifin kifi ya fi na kogi rafi. Sun kai tsayi zuwa 50 cm kuma suna yin nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 1.5 (kodayake wasu mutane sun yi girma zuwa kilo 8 a nauyi). Kasuwancin tafkin suna tashi daga Satumba zuwa Janairu, gwargwadon jikin ruwa, ko dai a kan koguna tare da ƙanƙarar ƙasan, ko a cikin tafkuna, a wuraren da makullin suka buge. Abincin abinci mai narkewa - ƙananan kifi, kwari da larvae, dabbobi masu ƙyalƙyali. Abincin bakin ciki ya fi duhu a bayyanar, amma kamar yadda yake da kamshi da na sauran wakilai na kifin salmon, ban da haka ma, yana da amfani.

Nama mai tsada mai daɗin gaske, jan caviar ya sa dangin salmon ya zama sanannen kasuwancin. Kama kifin ba bisa ka'ida ba ya kai sikelin. Sakamakon wannan, yawancin jinsunan kifin salmon suna cikin Lissafi kuma suna ƙarƙashin kariyar jiha.

Halaye da abubuwan da ake so

Kyakkyawan inganci ga duka dangi shine rayuwa a cikin fakiti, wanda aka kafa gwargwadon shekarun mutane. Abun da ake son Whitefish ba ruwa bane sananne, ana wadatad da shi da iskar oxygen, wanda akasari haka yake akan rapids kogin da zurfi a cikin tafkuna. A wannan yanayin, garken farin kifin na iya fitar da wakilan wasu nau'in kifaye daga ramin. A matsayinka na mai mulki, mafi girma kifayen, yana da nisa a bakin tekun.

Wnarfin kerewa a cikin kifi, dangin yana bayyana yana da kusan shekaru uku, kuma a wasu nau'ikan kiwo, shekara daya ko biyu daga baya. Tsarin teku da ruwa mai tsabta a cikin ruwa iri daya yana faruwa - dukkan su, gami da tafkin, sun tashi zuwa saman kogunan da harajinsu. Yana sanya kifayen fari a cikin kaka lokacin da ruwan yayi sanyi ƙasa da digiri biyar. Harshen tsalle-tsalle sune ramuka masu zurfi da kuma ruwan kogunan mai nutsuwa. A nan, caviar yana warkarwa har sai lokacin bazara, lokacin da aka soya ya bayyana daga qwai da ruwa mai ɗumi.

Abincin dangin kifin, kamar duk masu farauta, yana daga asalin dabbobi: dabbobi masu tsinkaye da kwari iri iri (tsutsotsi, larvae da caterpillars, kwari da ɓarin ƙwararrakin bola), ƙananan crustaceans da mollusks, caviar. Ya danganta da shekaru kuma, gwargwadon haka, girman maƙiyin da kansa, yana kai hari ga kifin waɗanda basu da shi. Amma akwai tsakanin masu son fararen kifayen masu cin ganyayyaki da aka tattara daga ƙasa, da kuma omnivores - rabin masu cin naman.

Rayuwar su kusan dozin biyut, amma mafi yawan lokuta ana kama kifin rabin shekaru. Babban kifin kifi mafi yawanci shine kadan tsawon rabin sa'in tsayi, kuma ƙananan sifofin girma - daga ɗaya zuwa ɗaya da rabi decimeters.

Tsarin farin kifi

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana bambanta farin kifi cikin kungiyoyi daban-daban gwargwadon matsayin bakinsu. Ana iya jan bakin baki - baki na sama, gaba - karshe, da zuwa ƙasa - ƙananan bakin.

Babbar bakin ita ce ƙananan kifayen da ke ciyar da abin da suka iske a kusa da saman ruwa. Wadannan kwari da kwari ne - tsutsotsi da matafila. Kifi tare da bakin sama ana wakilta sune ainihin abincin mutanen Turai (ripus) da kuma Siberian mafi girma. Latterarshen ya kai rabin rabin tsayi a tsawon sa, yana zaune a wuraren da koguna suka gudana cikin ruwan gishirin teku, kuma kusan bai taɓa faruwa ba a cikin tabkuna. Rabin girman-rabin, wannan mazaunin tabkuna ne. Duk nau'ikan kayan sayarwa biyu na kasuwanci ne.

Sigi tare da baki a gaban (ƙarshen) shima yana nufin kamun kifi. Omul babban kifi ne, mai tsawon rabin rabin tsayi, wanda ke rayuwa, kamar sayayya, a cikin tekuna da kuma sashen estuarine na kogunan da ke kwarara cikin teku, inda yake nutsuwa. Abincin omul ya hada da crustaceans da ƙananan kifi. Baikal omul wani yanki ne mai yawan kifayen kifin. Wani nau'in kogi-kogin shine peled peled (cuku), baya shiga cikin ruwan teku, amma yana da girma kamar siyayya da omul, tsayinsa ya kai rabin mil. An kawo ta cikin tafukan Kudancin Urals, a nan girmanta ba mai ban sha'awa bane. Hakanan akwai ɗan dangi na farin kifi tare da kyakkyawan bakin - tugun, wanda ke zaune a cikin koguna na Siberia. Tsawon sa bai wuce santimita ashirin ba.

Sigi tare da ƙananan bakin kuma zaune a Wuraren Rasha, akwai jinsuna bakwai. Amma a halin yanzu, ana kan gaba wajen aiki domin a raba su, kuma ba ma'ana ga samar da wani bayani a kansu.

Farar ruwan farin ruwa

Kifi fari kifi - da suna, mazaunin koguna, inda ake samun ta daga teku ko babban tabarau yayin juyawa zuwa spain. Matsayinta na yau da kullun shine kilogram, da wuya ya wuce kilo biyu. A cikin tabkuna, kogin farin kifi kawai na ruwan sanyi, a duk sauran lokutan shekara yana haifar da rayuwar kogi. A zahiri, ita teku ce ko bakin farin kifin da ta zama ruwan rayuwar kogi. Caviar a cikin wannan nau'in farin kifi yana da yawa - har zuwa ƙwai dubu 50 kuma ya fi sauƙi fiye da caviar trout.

Pechora whitefish, shahararren omul, game da shi an riga an ambata a sama, peled, chir.Pelyad ya kai tsawon rabin kilo mita da nauyinsa kilo uku. Chiirƙirin ya fi girma sosai, yana iya nauyin har kilogram goma, yana zaune a cikin layukan kwarin kogin Pechora da tashoshi.

Baikal omul ya kai nauyin kilogram bakwai, abincinsa ƙanana crinkaceans ne na epishura, tare da isasshen adadin abin da yake ci gaba da cin abincin kifi. Farawa daga watan Satumba, omul yakan hau zuwa koguna, yana shiri don tsallakewa. A wuraren da ake yin filayen shakatawa, ana rarrabe wasu hanyoyin Baikal omul:

• Angarsk - farkon balaga, shekaru biyar, amma tare da jinkirin girma,
• Selenginsky - balaga yana ɗan shekara bakwai, yana girma da sauri,
• Chivyrkuisky - shima yana girma da sauri, yana zuwa spain a watan Oktoba.

Omul spawning yana ƙare lokacin da tabarmar riga ta bayyana akan kogin kuma ya fishe koma Tafkin Baikal na hunturu. A wani lokaci, masunta na kasuwanci sun kama kifin sosai, kuma an rage yawan wadatarta, yanzu ana ɗaukar matakai don haifuwa ta asali.