Adelie shine ɗayan nau'ikan penguin na yau da kullun. Mutane sama da 4,700,000 ke zaune a gabar Antarctica da tsibiran da ke kusa da babban yankin. Gabatar da gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da penguins Adelie.
Kyakkyawan sunan tsuntsu ya koma zuwa ga sunan matar Jules Dumont-Durville - mai binciken Faransa da mai bincike. A cikin 1840, shi da tawagarsa sun gano a cikin yankin Antarctica na ƙasar, wanda kuma aka sanya wa suna Adele. Anan, masu binciken sun gano wani yanki na penguins wanda ba a san shi ba. Wannan sabon sunan ya bayyana a cikin sunan Latin na kimiya - Pygoscelis adeliae.
Adele abu ne mai sauki a rarrabe daga sauran baƙaƙen fata da fari. Girman su yana da ɗan ƙarami: girma ya kai 70 santimita, nauyi - kilo 6. Amma babban fasalin Adele shine farin da'ira a kusa da idanuwanta da karamin gemun alheri.
Wannan nau'in halitta ne wanda ya zama babban abin kwaikwayo ga majigin yara na Soviet da Jafanawa game da penguins, alal misali, "Adventures of the Lolo Penguin" (1987), "Ku yi Sa'a" (2006) da kuma wasu sassa na "Madagascar".
Wadannan tsuntsaye ba za a iya kira su da butulci ko wawa ba: a daidai lokacin za su nuna halayensu, a sauƙaƙe su yi faɗa da abokin hamayya, kiyaye ƙasa, dangi ko dangi daga haɗari. Haka kuma, tare da mutanen da ke aiki a tashoshin Antarctica, suna da dangantaka ta dogara. Wasu mutane masu sha'awar sha'awar kusanci sukan ma kusanci mazaunan 'yan biyu.
Penguins na wannan nau'in sun sami abokin aure na rayuwa. Daga shekara zuwa shekara, ma'aurata suna samun juna a tsoffin rukunin gidajen nasu, suna gyara gida.
Matar ta sanya ƙwai 2 tare da bambancin kwanaki 5. Nan gaba, halayyar iyaye zuwa zuriya biyu sun bambanta dangane da girman su: babban yajin shine farkon wanda ya fara binciken duniya a duniya sannan ya tafi teku don kamun kifi, yayin da ƙarami ya kasance a gida.
Daga watan Afrilun zuwa Oktoba, Adeles suna zama a cikin tudun bude baki, suna tashi daga wuraren da aka saba zuwa nisan mil 600-700. Babban aikinsu shi ne samun hutawa mai kyau, samun nauyi da samun ƙarfi a gaban babbar hanyar zuwa ƙasa.
- Ingantaccen Balaga
Tunda penguins suna ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinsu a cikin ruwa, suna da fuka-fukai masu ƙarfi da manyan kafafu na yanar gizo waɗanda ke taimaka kiyaye su a cikin wata hanya da isa zuwa saurin kilomita 20 a kowace awa. Idan maharbi ya bi Adele, to saurin tsuntsuwar na iya ƙaruwa zuwa kilomita 40 a sa'a guda.
A kan ƙasa, penguins suna kallon mafi m. A cikin awa daya suna iya cin nasara kilomita 4-5 kawai, amma ta hanyoyi da yawa. Adeles suna tafiya, gudu da kuma zubewa, yayin da saboda yanayin halittar jiki yake, wannan shine mafi sauƙin ba su. Penguins suna kwance a ciki kuma ƙafafunsu suna maimaita su, suna taimaka wa flippers.
Lokacin farawar Adele har ila yau yana ɗaukar matakin da ya dace. Suna tattara pebbles sosai - kayan da ake samarwa don ginin.
Penguins suna kare tasirin su da nuna bambanci da shi daga dubban wasu tsawon shekaru. Haka kuma, ya danganta da shekaru, Adele ya samar da nau'ikan gidaje daban: wasu suna da maɓuɓɓuka da yawa, wasu suna da ɗaruruwan duwatsu masu ladabi a cikin babban kwano. Kowace shekara matashin penguin yana inganta mazauninsa, yana sa ya zama mafi tsayi kuma mai ban sha'awa.
Idan wasu nau'ikan tsuntsaye sau da yawa suna maye gurbin junan su a gida don 'yan awanni biyu - don samun abinci ko hutawa, to "ƙawancen" Adele zai ɗauki tsawon makonni da yawa. Yayin kwanciya, mace zata zauna ba tare da abinci har tsawon wata guda ba, bayan haka mazan ya zauna akan kwai ya saki mahaifiyar a cikin teku tsawon sati 2.5. Bayan dawowar ta, sai mawakiyar ta sake canza wurare har sai an haifi kajin da kuma qarfafa.
Lokacin da kajin suka fara girma kuma suka kai makonni huɗu da haihuwa, dukkan iyayen sun tafi teku. Maƙiyi sun faɗi cikin rukuni na mutane 10-20, waɗanda ragowar ke kula da su. Bayan sun dawo, iyaye zasu iya sanin kajin su kuma su raba abinci tare da su. A mako na takwas, '' wuraren kiwon lafiyar '' sun fashe, kuma matasa sun koyi kamun kifi da kansu.
Ba a fuskantar barazanar tausawa tare da hypothermia ko da a cikin kwanakin wahala, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na iska ya kai - digiri 60. Kashin jikinsu yana da karko na kayan, kuma gashinsa suna cike da maiko mai hana ruwa ruwa. Lokacin da irin wannan kariyar ta zama mai tasiri sosai kuma jiki yayi zafi, tsuntsaye sukan tashi fikafikan su kwantar da hankali kadan.
A rana, ɗaya Adélie penguin yana cin kimanin kilo 2 na krill da ƙananan kifi a matsakaita. Abu ne mai sauki a lissafta cewa gaba daya yawan mutane miliyan 5 a kowace rana suna cin kusan kilo miliyan tara na abincin teku. Wannan adadin ya yi daidai da botsar kamun kifi 70 da aka ɗora.
- Game da makomar Adelie penguins
Komawa a farkon shekarun 2000, masana kimiyya sun fara jin kararrawa: canje-canjen yanayi zai shafi mahimmancin rayuwar penguin. Tare da gefen Antarctica, ƙanƙan kankara da kwararar dusar ƙanƙara, sune dalilin da ya sa hanyar tafiya zuwa mazaunin ke ƙaruwa. Wani bincike na 2002 ya nuna cewa a wancan lokacin, tsuntsaye sun riga sun fara kashe sau hudu a duk lokacin da suke motsawa. Haka kuma, saboda yanayin yanayi, Adele zai iya haihuwar ne kawai a cikin lokacin ingantaccen tsari. Idan yanayin ci gaba da ambaliyar ruwan tekun tare da kankara ya ci gaba, to hakan zai shafi yawan mazauna yankin. Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, ɗayan tsuntsayen da ke yaduwa a cikin Antarctica suna haɗarin shiga cikin shafukan Red Book.