Pythons manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe ne wadanda suka mamaye ɗayan wurare na farko a doron duniya saboda sigoginsu. Dangi na waɗannan macizai boas ne.
Girma mafi tsawo shine mita 10, kuma nauyinta shine kilo 100. A duniyarmu yau akwai nau'ikan 41 da nau'ikan 9 daga cikin waɗannan dabbobi.
Duk da girman jikinsu, suna da tsafta da rashin aminci. Wannan ya sa suka zama mafarautan mabambanta waɗanda ke hallaka wanda aka zalunta tare da sumbata.
Sun nemo wadanda abin ya shafa da taimakon kananan tsarukan da ke bakinsu. Ana kiransu radar. Suna wakiltar ƙananan na'urori masu auna firikwensin waɗanda ke gano abin da ke cikin farin jini.
Pythons - maƙarƙashiya
Python ba ya ciji wanda aka azabtar da shi, yana yin kamar ƙulli ne mai ɗaure kansa, abin da ake kira maƙarƙashiya. Ya lullube wanda aka azabtar da shi cikin zoben kuma ya lullube ta har sai ta daina numfashi. Lokacin da ganima ya mutu, Python zai cinye shi nan da nan.
Fitowar Python
Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrabe ana rarrabasu bisa ga halaye masu zuwa:
- Domain: eukaryotes.
- Masarauta: dabbobi.
- Subtype: Vertebrates.
- Nau'i: chordates.
- Class: dabbobi masu rarrafe.
- Oda: scaly.
- Iyali: Pythons.
Matsakaicin nauyin waɗannan macizai na iya zama kilo 32, kuma tsawon jikin mutum ya bambanta tsakanin mita 1 zuwa 7.5. Akwai Pythons dwarf. Yawan nauyinsu ya fi gram 200, kuma tsawon jikinsu shine santimita 50.
Tsammani na rayuwa shine shekaru 25 (mai yiwuwa mafi yawa).
Waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi masu rarrafe, tare da kyawun su, na iya ɗaukar agogon. Amma a bayan duk wannan kyakkyawa ya ta'allaka ne mai matukar hatsari wanda ba zai bar ganimarsa ba idan ya riga ya kama shi.
A zaman talala, su ma suna rayuwa da kyau. Wani lokacin ma sukanyi rayuwa sosai tare da mutum.
Python narkewa
Pythons, kamar sauran macizai, suna da tsari na musamman. Suna da alama an tsara su musamman don haɗiye ganima. Kawai muƙamuƙin sama yana ɗaure, kuma ƙananan muƙamuran an haɗe shi da shi akan ligamenti mai ƙwaya kuma yana iya shimfiɗa ta tsawon dubun-santimita. Godiya ga wannan, Python har ma ya iya hadiye tsoho. Idan wasu gutsutsuren wanda aka azabtar, alal misali, gashin fuka-fukai da fur, ba a narke su ba, Python yana cinye su.
Mazaunin waɗannan macizai marasa cinyewa
Wadannan halittu masu rarrafe sun zauna a gabashin duniyar wata duniyar tamu, wadanda suka hada da Australia, Asiya da Afirka. Ba za a same su a Amurka ba. Wadannan manyan macizai a Nahiyar Afirka suna zaune a hamadar kudu da hamadar Sahara.
Wakilan nau'ikan wannan nau'in suna zaune a yankuna daban-daban. Saboda wannan, kuna iya ganin macizai daban daban daga juna.
Da farko dai, launi da tsarin fata na wannan tabarau ya bambanta. Yawancin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna rayuwa inda akwai bushes da bishiyoyi. A cikin wuraren hamada, Python ba su da yawa. A kusa da wuraren ajiyar waɗannan abubuwan rarrafe ana iya ganin su sau da yawa.
Halin hali
Python babban maciji ne mai guba. Wannan maƙiyi ne mai haɗari. Jikinsa zai iya kai girman mita 7.5. Babban wakilin shine sake daukar hoto.
Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe basu da aiki. Sun fi son yanayi mai dumin yanayi mai zafi da kuma yawan zafin jiki baya kasa da digiri 25. Waɗannan macizai suna da ikon hawa bishiya da kuma iyo. A saboda wannan dalili, jerin abubuwan da suke samarwa ya daɗe.
Python dangi ne na mai mulkin kamala. Amma ya banbanta da shi ta fuskokin waje da na ciki. Likitocin dabbobi masu halittar dabbobi masu halittar 9 suna da abubuwan halittar dabbobi masu rarrafe, kuma kowane ɗayansu yana da nau'ikan iri. Gabaɗaya, masana kimiyya sunyi nazarin nau'ikan 41 na wannan haɗari, babba da kyakkyawa maciji.
Ta hanyar haihuwa, rarrabuwa tayi kama da haka:
- Halin halittar Leiopython yana da nau'ikan 6.
- Halin halittar Apodora ya hada da jinsuna 1 kawai.
- Harshen Broghammerus yana da nau'i biyu.
- Blackheads suna da nau'ikan 2.
- Abubuwan dwarfs na Australiya sun haɗa da nau'ikan 4.
- Edarau sun haɗa da includesasashe 1 kawai.
- Rhombic na Australiya suna da nau'ikan 12.
- Alamar ruwa ta ƙunshi nau'ikan 3.
- Haƙiƙa ainihin halittu sunyi nazarin nau'ikan 10.
Akwai wata shaidar cewa wasu nau'in halittu sun riga sun lalace. Wani nau'in dwarf na Australiya ya fi dacewa da zaman talala ko terrarium. Kuma duk saboda girman su: nauyin shine kimanin gram 200, tsayin jikin mutum shine santimita 50.
Sigogin waje da bambance bambance su da sauran nau'ikan macizai
Kuna iya magana game da bayyanar waɗannan dabbobi na dogon lokaci. Hanyoyi iri-iri da launuka na waɗannan dabbobin suna mamakin tunanin mutum kawai. Akwai alamomin macizai waɗanda suke tare da alamomin daban-daban akan fatar.
Wani abu mara wuya ko baƙon yana cikin nau'ikan Python Green. A takaice dai, sunan shi har yanzu Woody. An bambanta shi da launi mai haske mara kyau sosai. A tsawon, jikinsa kusan ya kai mita 1.5 zuwa 2. Python Green shine wakilin haske mai kyau na nau'in, amma ba shi da tsararren tsari akan fatar.
Python mai duhu mai duhu zai iya kaiwa tsawon mita 5. Hakanan zaka iya saduwa da manyan mutane. Amma galibi ba sa yin girma sama da mita 3.7. Ana iya samun wannan katuwar a Indonesia da kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Fatar wannan macijiya mai tsada ce.
Abubuwan Kyau
M kamar yadda zai iya sauti, Python yana da kafafu. Tabbas, ba ɗaya bane irin na mutane ko na dabbobi, amma liman maɓuɓɓuga na halayen mahaifa. Duk abin da ya rage taɓin kafafu a yau suna kama da ƙananan fulojoji. A kimiyyance, ana kiransu 'yan feshin gwaji. Kuma wannan ya faru ne saboda matsayin su.
Toari a kan paws, kowane nau'in wannan maciji yana da maganganu na ƙyalli na ƙashin ƙugu. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da huhu biyu, kamar kowane ɗan adam da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Sauran macizai (black mamba ko viper) suna da huhu ɗaya ne kawai - wanda yayi daidai, wanda yake tare da jikin.
Kuma Python yana da hakora waɗanda ke kan ƙashin ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma suna da kasusuwa na dabbobi.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Python ɗan farauta ne wanda ke kai hari kan farauta da cikakken kwarin gwiwa cewa zai shawo kansa. Lokacin farauta, Python ba ya ciji wanda aka azabtar, amma ya matse shi a cikin yakin da ya sha wahala. Dukkanin macijin a irin wannan lokacin yayi kama da wani abu mai riƙe da kansa ko mai ɗaukar hoto.
Python, wanda tsawon tsayin jikinsa ya kai mita 5, zai iya yin saurin hadiye karamin cat da ke birgewa ko duka tarasa. Wataƙila wannan shi ne saboda tsarin jaws.
Python yakan ci abinci sau 5 a shekara. Za'a iya narke babban kayan abinci tsawon makonni ko ma watanni.
Macizai na wannan nau'in sun gwammace manyan lamuran tsuntsaye ko tsuntsaye. Speciesarancin dabbobi ko ƙananan dabbobi suna cin abinci ta hanyar ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe ko maɓarnata.
Farkon wanda aka azabtar da shi a cikin farauta yana taimakawa motsa jiki hakora. Bayan wannan, Python ya gama kashe wanda aka azabtar da shi tare da zoben jikin nasa.
A cikin zaman talala, yawancin mutane suna riƙe da dala mai ƙarfi. Dalilin da suka zaɓe shi shine yanayin kwanciyar hankali da karbuwa zuwa rayuwa a gidan ɗan adam. Sau da yawa, nauyin Python na iya wuce nauyin mai masaukin.
Python jariri zai iya hadiye kaji ko kwana ɗaya. Ana ba ƙarin ƙarin tsofaffi bera, sannan zomo.
Itacen akuya wanda tsawon tsayin jikinsa ya wuce mita 3 ya kamata ya ci babban kaji duka a abinci ɗaya. Yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa abincin da mai rarrauna yake bayarwa mai-jini da rai. Ta wannan hanyar ne kawai za a iya samar da abinci wanda ya yi daidai da yanayin halitta.
A cikin wuraren zama na yau da kullun, Pythons suna farauta tare da taimakon gabobin musamman wanda yake tsinkaye da dumin wanda aka cutar dashi.
Wasu masana kimiyyar sun yi imanin cewa dabbobi masu rarrafe a gida ba za a basu abinci mai rai ba. Sun danganta wannan da cewa ganima na iya haifar da lalacewar maharbi a cikin gwagwarmayar rayuwa.
Python kiwo
Maza ɗayan waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sun ƙasa da na mace. Dankwaila na faruwa ne ta hanyar shafawa maza akan mace. A lokaci guda, namiji zaiyi fatar da mace ta hanyar zubewar sa - wata gabar jiki ce.
Lallai ya kamata a lura cewa lokacin da ya shafi tsarin kiwo, wannan dangin da ke sanya maciji ya sanya shi da gaske ne. A takaice dai, mace, ta sanya ƙwai, tana ƙyamar su har zuwa ƙarshen.
A wannan yanayin, zazzabi a masonry ya wuce da digiri 15 na yanayin zafi na yanayi. Nau'ikan macizai 41 a cikin dukkan dabbobi masu rarrafe sune ke sanya adadin ƙwai mafi yawa.
Bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin, bayan kimanin watanni uku, mace ta sanya ƙwai. Kimanin 60 daga cikinsu duka, amma a lokuta da dama wannan adadin na iya zama babba.
Python na mace akan kwan kwanciya ta durkushe ta zama adadi. A matsayin gida, Pythons yawanci suna zaɓi itace a ciki wanda akwai ƙaiƙayi a cikin akwati.
Mace ne kawai ke kula da tsara mai zuwa. Sake haifuwa a cikin kowane nau'in Pythons yana faruwa a cikin kaka ko hunturu. Amma boas, waɗanda ke da kusancin dangi na Pythons, ba sa kwan kwan-kwai.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Mesh Python
Wanda ya sake gano halitta an sake bayyana shi a cikin 1801 daga masanin kimiyyar halitta na duniya I. Gottlob. Sunan nau'in "reticulatus" an fassara shi daga Latin a matsayin "raga" kuma yana nuni ne ga tsarin hadaddun launi. Babban sunan Python wanda masanin dabi'ar halitta na kasar Faransa F. Dowden ya gabatar a shekarar 1803.
Wani bincike game da kwayoyin halitta na DNA na 2004 ya gano cewa Python da aka sake dawowa yana da kusanci da Python na ruwa mai ruwa kuma baya ga Python tiger, kamar yadda muke tsammani. A shekara ta 2008, Leslie Rawlings da abokan aikinta sun sake yin nazarin bayanan halittar dan adam, tare da hada su da kayan kwayoyin halitta, sun gano cewa tsarin halittar dan adam wani yanki ne na layin dogon ruwa.
Bidiyo: Python da aka Saka
Dangane da nazarin kwayoyin halittar kwayoyin, an tsara jerin Python da hukuma tun daga 2014 karkashin sunan kimiyya Malayopython reticulans.
A cikin wannan nau'in, ana iya rarrabe abubuwa uku:
- reticulans malayanawa, wanda yake shi ne taxon nominotypic,
- malayopython reticulans saputrai, wanda shine asalin wasu sassan tsibirin Sulawesi da Selayar na Indonesiya,
- Samun gwajin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta an samo shi ne kawai a tsibirin Jampea.
Za'a iya bayanin wanzuwar mambobi ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa an rarraba nau'ikan Python akan manyan wurare kuma yana kan tsibiran daban. Waɗannan alumman maciji sun zama ruwan dare kuma babu abubuwan haɗuwa da wasu. Yanzu haka ana cikin binciken na hudu, wanda ke tsibirin Sangihe, yanzu haka ana kan bincike.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Babban Mesh Python
Python da aka sake sata wani katon maciji ne wanda ke zama a Asiya. Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin jiki shine 4.78 m da kilogram 170, bi da bi. Wasu mutane sun kai tsawon 9.0 m da nauyin 270 kg. Kodayake nau'in Python da ya fi tsayi fiye da 6 m a tsayi ba safai ba ne, amma, a cewar littafin Guinness Book of Records, wannan shine macijin da yake wanzu wanda ya wuce wannan tsawon.
Python wanda aka sake dashi shine launin rawaya mai haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa a launi tare da layin baki wanda yafice daga yankin ventral na idanu a hankali sama zuwa sama. Wani layin baƙar fata wani lokaci ana kan shi a kan macijin, yana tashi daga ƙarshen kuncin zuwa ginin kwanon ko nape. Tsarin launi na Python mai tsari shine tsarin hadaddiyar geometric wanda ya haɗa da launuka daban-daban. A baya yawanci suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan lu'u-lu'u marasa daidaituwa, kewaye da ƙananan alamomi tare da cibiyoyin haske.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin yanki na yanki na wannan nau'in, ana samun manyan bambance-bambance a cikin girman, launi da alamar alama sau da yawa.
A cikin gidan zu, tsarin launi na iya zama da wahala, amma a cikin yanayin Inuwa, a cikin ganyayyaki da suka fadi da tarkace, hakan yana bawa kwastomomi kusan su shuɗe. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan nau'in ya nuna cewa mace tayi girma sosai fiye da maza a girma da nauyi. Matsakaicin mace na iya girma zuwa 6.09 m da kilogram 90, sabanin namiji, wanda aƙalla kimanin 4.5 m a tsayi kuma har zuwa 45 kg.
Yanzu kun san ko Python da aka sake kwantar da ita mai guba ce. Bari mu gano inda babban macijin yake zaune.
A ina ne Python da aka sake zato?
Hoto: Macijin da Aka Saka
Python fi son yanayi mai zafi da ƙasa mai ban sha'awa kuma yana son zama kusa da ruwa. Da farko dai ya rayu ne a cikin wuraren dazuka da fadama. Yayin da share wadannan yankuna ke zama kara girma da karami, tarin halittun da ke farashi ya fara zama daidai da dazuzzuka da filayen noma kuma suna rayuwa tare da mutane sosai. Da yawa, ana samun manyan macizai a cikin ƙananan garuruwa, inda dole ne a koma da su.
Bugu da kari, saukakkun Python na iya zama kusa da koguna kuma ana iya samun su a cikin wuraren da ke da koguna da ke kusa da ruwa. Shi masani ne mai iyo wanda zai iya iyo can nesa cikin teku, saboda haka macijin ya mamaye wasu kananan tsibirai a cikin iyakarsa. An faɗi cewa a farkon shekarun karni na 20, tarnakin da aka saba samu baƙi ne na yau da kullun, har ma da Bangkok mai aiki.
Yankin Python da aka sake zana shi a Kudancin Asiya:
Bugu da kari, nau'in ya yadu a tsibirin Nicobar, haka kuma: Sumatra, rukuni na tsibirin Mentawai, tsibiran 272 na Natuna, Borneo, Sulawesi, Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Timor, Maluku, Sumba, Flores, Bohol, Cebu, Leite, Mindanao, Mindoro, Luzon, Palawan, Panay, Polillo, Samar, Tavi-Tavi.
Python mai kwaskwarima ya mamaye wurare masu zafi, da fadama, da gandun daji, a tsawan 1200-2500. Zazzabi da ake buƙata don haifarwa da rayuwa ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin ≈24ºC da ≈34≈C a gaban yawan danshi.
Me Pyramn mai ci zai ci?
Hoto: Yellow Net Python
Kamar duk nau'in Pythons, wanda ya zira kwallayen yakan farauto daga bakin mahaifa, yana jira har wanda aka azabtar ya isa kusa da yajin aikin, kafin ya kama ganima tare da jikin shi ya kashe tare da matsawa. An sani cewa yana ciyar da dabbobi masu shayarwa da nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri daban daban wadanda suke rayuwa a yankin ta.
Abincinsa na zahiri ya haɗa da:
Sau da yawa farauta don dabbobi: aladu, awaki, karnuka da kaji. Piglet da yara masu nauyin kilogiram 10-15 suna cikin abincin da aka saba. Koyaya, akwai wani sanannen al'amari lokacin da Python raga na haɗi na rubuta, wanda nauyinsa ya wuce kilogiram 60. Tana farauta da jemagu, ta kama su da gudu, tana gyara wutsiyarsa kan rashin daidaituwa a cikin kogon. Individualsananan mutane har zuwa tsawon m 3-4 zuwa tsawon abinci galibi akan ƙwayoyin wuta, kamar bera, yayin da manyan mutane ke canzawa zuwa ganima.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Python mai sake dawowa ya sami damar haɗiye ganima zuwa kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na tsayi da nauyi. Daga cikin mafi girman abubuwan da aka gano, akwai wata bera mai rabin-miliyan da take jin nauyi wanda nauyinsa yakai kilo 23, wanda macijin ya cinye shi mai girma 6.95 m kuma ya ɗauki kimanin makonni goma.
An yi imanin cewa nau'ikan Python na iya sake kama mutum, saboda yawan hare-hare da ake kaiwa kan mutane a cikin daji da kuma a kan mallakar gidaje na abubuwan da aka sake kwacewa. Akalla lokuta daya ne sananne lokacin da Python reticulatus ya shiga mazaunin maza a cikin gandun daji ya kwashe yaro. Don gano ganima, Python da aka sake zartarwa yana amfani da ramuka masu ma'ana (gabobi na musamman a wasu nau'ikan macizai) waɗanda ke gano zafin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wannan yana ba ku damar sanin wurin samarwa dangane da yanayin zafinsa ga yanayin. Saboda wannan fasalin, Python wanda aka sake zartar yana gano ganima da magabatan ba tare da ya gansu ba.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Mesh Python
Duk da kasancewa kusancin mutane, ba a san komai game da halayen waɗannan dabbobin ba. Python mai ritaya yana haifar da rayuwar yau da kullun kuma yana ciyar da mafi yawan rana a cikin tsari. Ba a bincika irin nisan da dabbobi ke yi a lokacin rayuwarsu, ko kuma suna da kafaffun yankuna, ba a bincika su sosai. Python wanda aka sake dawowa shine loner wanda yake saduwa kawai lokacin lokacin balaga.
Wadannan macizai sun mamaye wurare da wuraren samun ruwa. Yayin aiwatar da motsi, suna iya ba da izinin yin tsokoki kuma su sake su a lokaci guda, tare da ƙirƙirar tsarin macijin motsi.Sakamakon motsi na rectilinear da girman jikin halittun da aka sake juyawa, nau'in motsin maciji a ciki wanda yake haɗa jikinta sannan ya buɗe cikin motsi mai layi yana faruwa sau da yawa saboda yana bawa mutane da yawa damar yin sauri. Yin amfani da matsawa da madaidaiciyar dabara, Python na iya hawa bishiyoyi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Amfani da irin wannan motsi na jikin mutum, tsoffin halittu, kamar sauran macizai, suna zubar da fatar jikinsu don gyara raunuka ko kuma kawai yayin rayuwar ci gaba. Rashin fata, ko bawo, yana da mahimmanci don sauƙaƙa jiki mai ci gaba.
Python Pyrusn kusan ba sa jin amo kuma yana iyakantaccen gani ne saboda kwayar ido mai motsi. Saboda haka, ya dogara ne da irin warin da yake jin da warin da yake taɓawa don nemo ganima da kuma guje wa mafarauta. Macijin bashi da kunnuwa; maimakon haka, yana da sashin jiki na musamman wanda zai baka damar jin motsin abubuwa a cikin kasa. Sakamakon karancin kunnuwa, macizai da sauran halittu dole ne suyi amfani da motsi na jiki don haifar da rawar jiki ta hanyar da suke tattaunawa da juna.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Babban Mesh Python
Lokacin kiwo da aka sake dawowa daga Python yana daga Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan hunturu, Pythons sun fara shirye-shiryen kiwo saboda kyakkyawan yanayin bazara. A yawancin wurare, yanayin yanki yana shafar farkon lokacin. Don haka, Pythons ya danganta da canjin yanayin canjin yanayin wannan yankin.
Yankin kiwo dole ne ya kasance mai wadatar ganima saboda mace ta iya haihuwar zuriya. Python da aka sake siyarwa suna buƙatar yankuna da ba a zaune ba don kiyaye haihuwa. Ingancin kwai ya dogara da ikon mahaifiyar don kiyaye shi da kuma sanya su, har ma da wani babban zafi. Pythons na manya yawanci a shirye suke don kiwo idan namiji yakai kimanin mita 2.5 a tsayinsa da nisan mita 3,8 ga mace. Sun isa irin wannan tsawon a cikin shekaru 3-5 na dukkan mazan biyu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan akwai abinci mai yawa, mace tana haihuwar zuriya kowace shekara. A cikin wuraren da babu abinci mai yawa, ana rage girman da yawan rikice-rikice (sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3). A cikin shekarar kiwo, mace ɗaya na iya samar da ƙwai na 8-107, amma yawanci ƙwai 25-50. Matsakaicin nauyin jikin jarirai yayin haihuwa shine 0.15 g.
Ba kamar yawancin jinsunan ba, magadan da aka sake murƙushewa ya kasance yana ninkaɗa akan ƙwai don ƙosar da ɗumi. Ta hanyar juyawar tsoka, mace ta sanya kwai a sama, ta haifar da karuwa a cikin shiryawa da kuma damar zuriya su rayu. Bayan haihuwa, ƙananan Pythons kusan ba su san kulawar iyaye ba kuma ana tilasta su kare kansu da neman abinci.
Siffofin Python da mazauninsu
Pythons sun daɗe suna cin lambar girma mafi girma a duniya. Gaskiya ne, anaconda yana fafatawa tare da su, amma bayan da aka sake gano wani nau'in halittaccen zurfin mita 12 a cikin daya daga cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi, an riga an nuna shakkar anaconda. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa mafi babban maciji. Kuma duk da haka, babban girman waɗannan macizai daga 1 mita zuwa 7, 5.
Launin wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sun bambanta sosai. Akwai nau'ikan fata tare da launin ruwan kasa, sautunan launin ruwan kasa, kuma akwai waɗanda waɗanda ke mamakin kyawun haske da bambancinsu. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan launuka ne. Masana ilimin kimiyya sunce Python biyu da ke da iri guda ba zai yiwu a samu ba. Wataƙila akwai Pythons da launi na monochrome (Python kore).
A kallon farko, dukkan macizai “a fuska daya”, amma sun banbanta ne kawai a girman su da yadda suke samun abincinsu, buge wanda aka azabtar ko yanka da guba. Koyaya, wannan kuskure ne.
Python, kamar mai son biri, ba ya barin guba a jikin wanda aka azabtar, Python ba maciji mai dafi ba kuma ya fi son ɓarke abincin da za a ci gaba. Koyaya, Pythons da boas sune jinsuna biyu gaba daya, kuma akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a tsakaninsu.
Python yana da huhu biyu, mutum kuma yana da huhu biyu. Amma sauran macizai, gami da mai ɗaukar hoto, na kuɗi ɗaya kawai, wanda yake da elongated. Ba kamar boas ba, Python shima yana da hakora.
Wannan abu ne mai sauki muyi bayani - karancin yakan mamaye ganima da karfin tsokoki; baya jin tsoron cewa wanda abin ya shafa zai zage shi. Python shima yana kashe abin farautarsa, amma galibi ya zama dole ya kiyaye abinsa da hakora.
Da zarar waɗannan macizai sun iya yin gudu, saboda har yanzu suna da nau'ikan ƙafafunsa. Yanzu waɗannan ƙananan wsan zanen fafaffen hannu ne (span wasan dabbobin). Akwai wani fasalin da ya bambanta Python daga mai mulkin kamala.
A cikin hoto, rudiments ta hanin mahaifa na Python
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine a cikin hemipenises na waɗannan macizai akwai ƙasusuwa masu aiki. Saboda kasancewar wadannan kasusuwa, macijin macijin ba zai iya kusantar da wannan sashin daga ciki ba, amma suna iya amfani da irin wannan kashin yayin lokacin dabbar ta hanyar mace-mace da su.
Kuma akwai irin wannan nau'in siffofin gumakan wanda babu mai rarrafe ba zai iya yin fahariya da komai - za su iya sarrafa zafin jikinsu. Tsawon lokaci mai yawa ba za su iya kula da zafin jiki da ake so ba kuma su kiyaye shi a cikin wata ƙasa, kuma, amma lokacin da ya yi sanyi, sai su ƙara yawan zafin jikinsu da digiri 5-15, wanda yake sananne ne sosai kuma yana taimaka musu a mawuyacin yanayi.
Kuma yana yin shi kawai, yana rage tsokoki na jiki gaba ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da ɗumi. Yanayin Afirka, Asiya, Ostiraliya ya fi dacewa da zama cikin daji don waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Da zarar sun, kamar dabbobi, an kwashe su zuwa Amurka, Turai da Kudancin Amurka.
Python yana da hakora, sabanin mai ɗaukar hoto.
Amma gaskiyar magana mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa a Florida, waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sun sami nasarar tserewa zuwa cikin daji, kuma sun tsira. Haka kuma, yanayin Florida shima ya dace dasu, kuma sun fara ninkawa cikin nasara.
A wannan bikin, har ma sun fara yin kararrawa, kamar yadda aka yi, saboda yawan macizai da yawa, ana iya dagula yanayin yanayin. Amma masanan kimiyya basu yarda ba, duk da haka adadin waɗannan halittu masu rarrafe a can ba mai girma bane.
Abokan halitta na abubuwan da aka sake zaba
Hoto: Net Python a yanayi
Python da aka sake sata basu da abokan gaba na halitta saboda girman su da karfin su. Eggsan maciji da ba da daɗewa ba wasu ke fama da su kamar magabatan tsuntsaye (shaho, gaggafa, dako) da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Farauta don tsoffin biri da aka sake ɗauka an iyakance ga karnukan daji da sauran manyan masu farauta. Pythons suna cikin haɗarin kai harin a ƙarshen tafkunan inda zaku iya tsammanin samun harin daga kada. Onlyoƙarin kariya kawai ga masu farautar, ban da girman, babban ƙarfi ne na jikin mutum ta hanyar maciji, wanda zai iya fitar da rayuwa daga abokan gaba a cikin mintina 3-4.
Man shine babban abokin gaba na Python raga. An kashe waɗannan dabbobin da fata don samar da kayayyakin fata. An kiyasta cewa ana kashe dabbobi miliyan rabin kowace shekara don wannan dalili. A Indonesia, ana cinye sauran abubuwan batutuwa. Farauta dabbobi an barata ne da gaskiyar cewa mazauna suna son kare shanunsu da yaransu daga macizai.
Python wanda aka sake kama shine ɗayan thean macizai da ke cinye mutane. Wadannan hare-hare ba su da yawa sosai, amma wannan nau'in ya haddasa asarar rayuka da dama, cikin daji da kuma kamammen.
Amintacce ne sananne game da lamura da yawa:
- a shekara ta 1932, wani karamin yaro dan kasar Philippines ya ci abinci mai karfin awo 7.6. Python ya gudu daga gida, kuma lokacin da aka same shi, suka same shi a cikin dan mai wannan macijin,
- A shekarar 1995, babban fatalwa ya kashe Ee Hyun Chuan mai shekaru 29 daga jihar Johor ta kudu na kasar Malaysia. Macijin ya nannade jikinsa mara rai da kansa ya daure cikin jaw a yayin da dan uwan wanda aka kashe din yayi tuntuɓe a kai,
- A shekara ta 2009, wani yaro dan shekaru 3 daga Las Vegas an lullube shi da dunƙule mai tsawon 5.5 m. Mahaifiya ta ceci jaririn ta hanyar buga shi da wuka,
- a cikin 2017, an gano gawar wani manomi mai shekaru 25 daga Indonesia da aka samu a ciki ta wani nau'in tsafta na tsahon mita 7. An kashe macijin kuma an cire gawar. Wannan ita ce farkon abin da aka tabbatar da tabbacin lokacin da aka ci gaba da cinye mutane. Anyi bayanin yadda ake fitarda kayan jikin mutum ta amfani da hotuna da bidiyo,
- a watan Yuni na 2018, wani dan kasar Indonesiya mai shekaru 54 ya ci abinci ta hanyar tsawan mita 7. Ta ɓace yayin da take aiki a gonar ta, washegari kuma ƙungiyar masu binciken ta sami wani kwaro da ke kusa da gonar tare da ƙwarya a jikinta. Bidiyo tare da macijin da aka saka an saka shi a yanar gizo.
Iri Pythons
Masana kimiyya suna da nau'ikan 9 da kuma nau'ikan Pythons guda 41. Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani game da wakilin kowane nau'in halitta da kwayoyin halitta a cikin wallafe-wallafen na musamman, amma a nan muna samarwa don samun sani tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan Pythons:
- sarautar sarauta - yana da launin baƙar fata, a gefuna, a kan bango na baya akwai aibi na launin zinare ko tan. Bai kai girma da yawa girma ba, amma launi na da ban sha'awa, saboda haka suna son irin waɗannan nau'o'in Pythons a farfajiyar gida,
A cikin hoto, yar sarauta
- net Python - Wani dabbobi. Masu mallaka ba sa jin tsoron cewa dabbobin gidan su na iya girma zuwa girma mai girma, har zuwa mita 8. Haka kuma, wannan nau'in shi kadai ne inda maciji zai iya cin mutum,
Hoto mara nauyi
- Babban nau'in nau'in hieroglyphic shine maigidan da ke da tsada mai girma. Sun yi girma sosai har sau da yawa ba a sa su a gidaje, amma har yanzu suna cikin gidajen dabbobi. Wannan nau'in yana kula da yanayin zafi,
Snake hieroglyphic Python
- hange Python - yayi girma ne kawai zuwa cm 130. Yana zaune a Arewacin Ostiraliya.
Python hange
- tsuntsaye tiger - mallakar jinsunan manyan macizai ne a duniya.
Python mai hoto mai hoto
- digging Python - a cewar masana kimiyya, Python ba a la'akari da shi ba, an sanya shi a matsayin mai mulkin mallaka.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Macijin da Aka Saka
Matsayin yawan Python wanda aka sake sakewa ya bambanta sosai a wurare daban-daban na kewayon yankin. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan macizai a cikin Thailand, inda suke birgima a cikin gidajen mutane a lokacin damina. A cikin Filipinas, wannan nau'in halittu ne mai yaduwa, har ma a wuraren zama. Consideredarfin Philippine an ɗauke shi mai tsayayye har ma yana ƙaruwa. Pythons da aka sake sata ba su da wuya a cikin Myanmar. A Kambodia, yawan jama'a sun ta yin kaura kuma raguwa da kashi 30-50% cikin shekaru goma. Wakilan kwayoyin halittar suna da wuya a Vietnam a cikin daji, amma an samo mutane da yawa a cikin kudancin kasar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: pyarfin ɓarnar ba a haɗarin ta ba, amma, a cewar CITES Shafi na II, an tsara fata da siyar da fata don tabbatar da rayuwa. Ba a jera wannan nau'in cikin Jerin Rukunin IUCN ba.
An yi imanin cewa Python ya kasance na kowa a cikin sassan kudancin wannan ƙasa, inda akwai mazaunin da ya dace, gami da wuraren kariya. Wataƙila yana raguwa a Laos. Raguwar a duk fadin Indochina an yi shi ne ta hanyar juyawa ƙasa. Python mai ritaya shine har yanzu ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a yankuna da dama na Kalimantan. Poarancin mallakar ƙasa a Malaysia da Indonesia sun tabbata, duk da tsananin kamun kifi.
Mesh Python ya kasance ruwan dare gama gari a Singa, duk da birni, inda aka hana kamun kifin wannan nau'in. A cikin Sarawak da Sabah, wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare gama gari da kuma na zahiri, kuma babu wata shaidar samun raguwar yawan jama'a. Matsalar da ke haifar da sharewa da kuma amfani da mazaunan za a iya biyan su ta hanyar karuwa a cikin dabino na mai, kamar yadda macijin maciji ya yi kyau sosai a cikin wadannan mazaunan.
Daraja ga mutum
Naman nama ne wanda ake ci shi kuma a wasu ƙasashe jama'ar yankin na cin su. Ana amfani da nau'ikan fata da yawa a cikin masana'antar haberdashery don samar da samfurori daban-daban.
Sanannen alamun tashin hankali a kan mutane an san su.
Pythons galibi ana tsare da su a cikin bauta: ba wai kawai a wuraren kiwon dabbobi ba, har ma a gida daga masoya masu rarrafe. Wasu nau'ikan waɗannan macizai sune mashahuri dabbobi na ƙasa kuma suna da kyau. Suna zaune a cikin fursuna har sai sun yi shekaru 20-25, wani lokacin ma.
Halin Python da salon rayuwa
Sau da yawa, idan kun duba hoton Python an nuna shi, an yi birgima a cikin kwallon. Wannan halin, yayin da yake jujjuyawa, yana hana aikin sanyaya jiki sosai kuma yana kara damar macijin ji da sanin ganima.
Macizai, har da manya-manyan, manyan masu iyo ne, kuma suna son ruwa. Amma a nan akwai manyan Pythons - brindle, hieroglyphic, reticulate, sun fi so su kasance a ƙasa more.
Anan suke nema da kama ganima, anan ne suke hutawa, wasu lokuta kan hau bishiyoyi, amma ba tsayi mai yawa. Kuma akwai wasu nau'in ma da ba sa sauka ga ƙasa, kuma suke ciyar da rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya a kan bishiyoyi (Python kore). Suna jin kwanciyar hankali a kowane reshe, tare da taimakon wutsiya suna motsi sama da ƙasa, kuma suna hutawa, tare da wutsiyarsu tana kama reshe.
Idan Python yana da girma, to ba mutane da yawa ba zasuyi barazanar kai shi, yana da ƙarancin abokan gaba. Amma ƙananan macizai suna da "marasa-hikima." Kada kudaje, da masu zaki, harma da tsuntsayen (storks da gaggafa) basu da cin naman maciji. Duk kuliyoyi da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa ba sa ƙi irin wannan abincin.
Kiwo da tsawon rai na Pythons
Pythons suna kawo zuriya sau ɗaya kawai a shekara, yakan faru cewa yanayin ba shi da kyau, sannan haifuwa yakan faru koda sau da yawa. Mace, a shirye don mating, ta bar bayan waƙoƙi, ta warinsu, namiji ya same shi.
Nisantar aure yana kunshe ne a cikin yatsar namiji akan mace tare da sanya maniyyi. Bayan an gama "kauna", namiji yakan rasa dukkan sha'awa ga mace tare da zuriyarta.
Karin hotunan masonry
Matar, bayan watanni 3-4, tayi kwanciya. Yawan qwai na iya zama daga 8 zuwa 110. Domin kiyaye yawan zafin jiki da ake so a mason, ana sanya macijin a kansu, ya kwankwade kuma baya barin masarar a kowane yanayi.
Ba ta barin masarar har ma ta ci, duk tsawon watanni biyu macijin yana jin yunwa gaba daya. Yana daidaita zazzabi - idan yayi zafi sosai, to zoben ya tashi baya, yana bawa qwai damar samun iska mai sanyi, idan zafin jiki ya fadi, macijin ya fara dauke shi da jikin sa, yana rawar jiki, jikin yayi dumama, kuma aka tura zafi zuwa ga jarirai masu zuwa.
Pyaramar Pythons a lokacin haihuwa suna da tsawon 40-50 cm kawai, amma ba su buƙatar taimakon uwa, suna da cikakken 'yanci. Kuma duk da haka, gabaɗaya, wannan shine, lokacin yin jima'i, zasu ɗan shekaru 4-6 kawai.
Rayuwar wadannan al'ajabi Python macizai daga shekaru 18 zuwa 25 Akwai alamu na tsoffin alamu waɗanda suka rayu shekaru 31. Koyaya, waɗannan bayanan suna amfani ne kawai ga waɗancan samfuran da ke cikin gidan zoos ko masu aikin gandun daji. A cikin daji, ba a kafa tsawon rayuwar wadannan macizai ba.