Kokuma SkunkSpilogale putorius) rarrabuwa a Arewacin Amurka (daga arewa maso gabashin Mexico zuwa iyakar Kanada na Amurka, wanda aka samo a cikin Babban filayen, kuma a arewacin - har zuwa jihar Pennsylvania). Skunks suna zaune a cikin gandun daji da makiyaya tare da ciyayi masu tsayi. A cikin wuraren dutse da hamada, yankin gabas mai cike da gurbi yana zaune a wuraren da aka dasa bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, ba shi da yawa a filayen da ciyawar keɓaɓɓu.
Bayanin
Auricles a ciki gabas bakin hauren skunk ƙananan, ƙananan saiti a tarnaƙi. Tsawon jikinsa ya kama daga 45 zuwa 60 cm, tsawon wutsiya ta zama 15-21.5 cm, nauyin ya bambanta daga 200 zuwa 880 g .. Jikin dabbar da aka hango skunk yana rufe da gashin baki, wutsiyarsa tana da tsawo kuma gashi ce. Thearfin ƙanshi a cikin wannan dabba yana haɓaka sosai, yana fitar da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mai ƙarfi wanda ke tasiri akan duk maharan. Ya ƙunshi bawul ɗin tsoka na musamman wanda ke ba da izinin skunk ya jagoranci fitsari daga gland ɗin daidai zuwa maƙasudin. Launi na tabo mai haɓaka mai haɓaka. Fuska farar fata a bayyane take a gaban jiki, a baya - ratsi biyu da suka fara kan kwatangwalo, a kunnuwa kuma a kai akwai wasu karin rago. Akwai farin tabo a cikin kwatangwalo, ƙari biyu a gindin wutsiyar, wutsiyar baƙar fata ce tare da farin fassel, kuma babban launi launin fatar.
Halayyar
Bakin Skunk na Gabas yana jagorantar ƙasa da rayuwar dare, yana aiki duk shekara. Yana hawa bishiyoyi da duwatsu sosai. Don shakata, dabbar tana shirya mahalli a cikin manyan ramuka na bishiyoyi, tono rami a ƙasa ko kuma wani rami a cikin wata dabba. Mai hana mottled skunk canza launi kariya ce mai kyau daga masu hasashen. Shikuwa (jifa) ma yana nuna gaskiyar rashin cancantar sa. Lokacin da ya fuskanci ɗan wasan sa, skunk ya tsaya a goshinsa ya ɗaga wutsiyarsa a elu, yana nuna gurnetin farjinsa. Idan gargaɗin bai yi aiki ba, dabbar skunk tana fitar da ƙwayar jijiya daga glandar anal zuwa cikin maharin, wanda zai iya isa ga maƙasudin daidai har zuwa nisan mita 4. Fuskantar da ɓoyayyen glandar dabbar a cikin idanun na iya haifar da makanta na ɗan lokaci da tashin zuciya.
Kiwo
Skiks na Gabas ana samun yawancin mutane sau da yawa, amma ba su da matsayin zamantakewa kamar yadda taguwar skunk. Gaskiya ne, a cikin lokacin hunturu na hunturu a cikin lair wani lokacin akwai mutane 8.
Lokacin kiwo wanda aka dorawa dabbar skunk ya faɗi a cikin Maris-Afrilu, ƙasa da sau biyu ana lura da Yuli-Agusta. Haɓakar tayi ne kasancewar kasancewar diapause - hadi, kwan yana hutawa tsawon watanni 10-11. Cutar ciki tana ɗaukar kwanaki 50-65, wani lokacin har zuwa watanni huɗu.
Don haihuwa, mace mai ƙyallen ƙyallen itace ta shirya kogon, wanda yake a cikin rami na karkashin ƙasa, a cikin rami mai ɓoye ko a cikin duwatsun a tsakanin duwatsun, sai a jera shi da ciyawa. Tana haihuwar yara 2 zuwa 9 (yawanci 4-5). Jariri jarirai makafi ne kuma marasa taimako, masu nauyin 9-10 g, jikinsu ya rufe da ulu. Idanu a cikin jarirai suna buɗe a ranar 30-32. Uwa tana ciyar da su madara tsawon kwanaki 42-54. Matasa na iya harbi da ruwa mai ƙamshi tuni yana da shekaru 46. A lokacin da ya kai watanni uku, cuba san kifaye suna kama da girman dabbobi, sun kai ga balaga cikin watanni 10-11. Yawancin shekarun skunk mai haɓaka a cikin yanayi yawanci kawai 'yan shekaru ne, a cikin bauta suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10.
Janar bayanin
Skunks na iya samun sauƙin ganewa ta launi mai launi, wanda ya ƙunshi fararen fararen fata ko sifofi a kan asalin baƙar fata. Don haka, taguwar rafuffuka ana ma'anar manyan fararen fararen abubuwa a bayan, suna daga kansa har zuwa bakin wutsiya. Tsarin haske yana zama gargaɗi ne ga masu iya cin nasara. Siffar sananniyar skunks ita ce gullar firgitan mai ƙanshi, wacce ke ɓoye sinadarin da ke da ƙanshi mara warin kamshi. Skunks suna iya fesa bakin rafi na nesa a cikin tsawon mil 1-6. Duk skunks suna da ƙazamin motsa jiki, wutsiya mai yatsu da gajerun ƙafafunsa mai ƙarfi da aka daidaita don tono. Mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin iyali ana ganin skunks ( Spilogale ), yawan su daga 200 g zuwa 1 kg. Ala Skunk ( Hankali ) - mafi girma, adadinsu ya kai kilogiram 4,5.
Rayuwa
Skunks suna zaune wurare da yawa, ciki har da wuraren katako, filayen ciyawa, gandun daji, da tsaunuka. Guji tsaurara dazuzzuka da marshlands. Jagoranci irin rayuwar da ba ta dace ba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna tono ramukarsu, ko kuma suna ɗaukar ramuka a cikin wasu dabbobi. Wasu skunk (Spilogale) Bishiyoyi masu hawa daidai.
Dabbobin dabbobi ba dako ba ne. Yawancin lokaci ku ci abincin tsirrai, tsutsotsi, kwari da sauran hanyoyin karkara, da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan dabbobin - macizai, tsuntsayen ƙwai, ƙwaya. A cikin sassan arewa na kewayon, skunks a cikin fall fara tara tarin kitsen mai. A cikin hunturu, ba sa hibernate, amma a kan kwanakin sanyi suna zama marasa aiki kuma ba sa barin mafakarsu, suna fita don ciyar da lokacin dumama. Skunks overwinter a cikin burrows na dindindin a cikin rukuni na maza da yawa (har 12) mace; a cikin sauran shekara mafi yawan lokuta ba su da iyaka, kodayake ba yan ƙasa ba ne kuma ba sa iyakokin makircinsu. Kayan ayyukan forage yawanci suna mallakar 2-4 km² na mata kuma har zuwa 20 km² na maza.
Dabbobin dabbar skunk suna da kyakkyawar fahimta da wari da ji, amma rashin gani sosai. Basu bambance abubuwa da ke nesa da nesa da 3 m.
Matsayi a cikin yanayin kasa
Kasancewa omnivores, skunks suna cin tsire-tsire da dabbobi da yawa, musamman maɓarnata da kwari. Bi da bi, ba su da mahimmancin abinci na sauran nau'ikan saboda ƙanshi mai banƙyama. Matasa skunks galibi sukan kawo hari ta hanyar coyotes, dawakai, cougars, lynxes na Kanada, badgers kuma, mafi yawancin lokuta, tsuntsayen abincin da basu da irin wannan ji mai kamshi kamar dabbobi masu shayarwa. Skunks sune masters da jigilar wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka, alal misali, histoplasmosis. Hakanan Rabies shima ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin su. Gabaɗaya, skunks a cikin yanayi suna da yawa kuma basa cikin jinsin da aka kiyaye shi.
Daraja ga mutum
Babban maqiyan mahaukatan mutane ne da ke lalata wadannan dabbobin saboda warinsu, haka kuma masu dakon ramuka da hare-hare akan kaji. Yawancin skunki ba da gangan suna mutu a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun motocin da kuma cin abubuwan ƙone masu guba. A lokaci guda, skunks suna kawo wasu fa'idodi, suna lalata kwari da kwari. Skunk, musamman alam, dabbobi masu furfura da ke da sakandare, a wasu lokutan fãtun fãtunsu ba su yin ma'amala, amma ba su da babbar bukata. A cikin Amurka, kullun ana ɗaukar skunks kamar dabbobi, tare da cire glandon mai ƙanshi. A cewar mazaunan Turawa, al'adar ba da izinin zama ba ta zama tun zamanin Indiyawa ba.
Iri Skunks
Skunks iri ɗaya ne a cikin tsari zuwa badgers da ƙungiyar kujeru. Suna kuma da jiki mai yawa da gajerun kafafu. A cikin duka, an bambanta nau'ikan skunks 13.
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Yi la'akari da nau'ikan da aka fi sani:
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Skunk
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Daya daga cikin mafi yawan wakilan dangi. Ra'ayin ya bazu zuwa kudancin Kanada da tsakiyar Amurka. Galibi ana samun wannan dabbar a garuruwa. Suna ƙoƙarin shirya ƙananan mafaka a cikin shinge. Ya fi son yankuna na gandun daji. Yana da halayyar baki da fari mai launi a baya. Akwai farin speck da tsiri a kai. Girman wannan nau'in ya tashi daga kilogram 1.2 zuwa 5.3.
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Skunk na Mexico
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Mafi karami wakilin. Ya mamaye yankin kudu maso yammacin Amurka. An samo shi a cikin dutse da wuraren hamada. Launin zai iya zama baƙar fata mai amfani tare da fararen baƙi, baƙar fata tare da ratsi a bangarorin ko haɗa nau'ikan launi biyu. Gabaɗaya, yana da alaƙa da yawa tare da taguwar skunk. Bambanci ya ta'allaka ne ga yanayin ulu da tsawon sa. Kusa da kai akwai dogon gashi, saboda wanda aka sanya skunks na wannan jinsin da suna daban "hood skunk".
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Skanin skunk
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Wannan nau'in ya haɗu da ƙarin biyan kuɗi: karamin dabbar skunk, dabbar skunk da tabo. An bambanta su da mazauninsu. Kunananan skunks sun bazu daga tsakiyar Amurka zuwa gabashin Mexico. Skunted skunks sun mamaye kudu maso gabas da tsakiyar Amurka. Dwarf dkunks suna zaune a kudu maso yammacin yankin Mexico. Duk waɗannan nau'ikan an bambanta su ta hanyar ikon hawa bishiyoyi. Sun kafa shinge a tsakanin duwatsun, cikin ramuka da gadaje. An rarrabe su ta hanyar sutura mai laushi da launin baƙar fata tare da rabe-rabe da farashi da yawa.
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Alade Alade
Ya haɗu da kusan nau'ikan 5 waɗanda suka bambanta a cikin wurin zama. Wadannan sun hada da:
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- Alade-skunk wanda ya mamaye kudancin Amurka da Nicaragua
- Gabashin Mexico Skus, wanda ke zaune a Texas,
- Skunk na rabin gado wanda ke zaune a Kudancin Meksiko, kazalika da Peru da Brazil,
- Kudancin Amurka na Skus wanda ya mamaye Bolivia, Chile da Argentina,
- Skumb Humboldt, wanda ya zauna a Chile da Argentina.
Waɗannan skunks ne masu girman gaske waɗanda zasu iya yin awo har kilo 4.5. Duk waɗannan wakilai an ba su su da baƙar fata da fararen fararen fata a baya da kuma farin wutsiya gaba ɗaya. Abin lura ne cewa basu da halin farar fata a yankin kai. Sunan ya tafi saboda tsarin hanci, wanda yayi kama da alade. Sun fi so su mamaye wurare marasa kyau, kuma suna murƙushe ramuka a cikin duwatsu.
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Ina ne mai yin skunk yake zaune?
A matsayin wurin zama, skunks sun fi son yanki mai faɗi, kusa da inda akwai hanyoyin samun ruwa. Consideredasar wannan dabbar tana ɗauke da Kudancin Kanada. Ba za a same shi a Alaska ba. Mafi yawan lokuta, adadi mai yawa na suruk yana ci gaba a Mexico, Argentina, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Peru, Bolivia, Chile da El Salvador.
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Sun fara hawa zuwa tsayin mita 1800 sama da teku. Akwai dabbobi kuma a tsawon su ya kai mita 4000. Mafi yawancin lokuta suna rayuwa ne a cikin gandun daji da makiyaya. Haɗu kusa da biranen. Mafi kyawun mazauninsu mazauninsu sune shukoki, rami da gefuna kusa da tafkuna da koguna.
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Abinci mai gina jiki
Kununuka suna ɗaukar dabbobi gaba ɗaya. Zasu iya cinye kan ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar mice, squirrels, shrus da kuma zomaye. Hakanan, ana samun wasu kifi da crustaceans a cikin abincinsu. Zasu iya cin kwari da tsutsotsi. Daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ganye da tsire-tsire iri-iri ana son su. Idan akwai kwayoyi masu 'ya' ya 'ya' ya 'ya' ya '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' yankin ''. Idan akwai karancin abinci, to suna amfani da kaya iri-iri.
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Skunks da aka sa a cikin bauta zai iya samun nauyi mai nauyi fiye da danginsu na daji. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa abincin ya ƙunshi babban adadin kitse. A gida, skunks suna wadatarwa kamar karnuka. Abincinsu bai zama mai daɗi ko gishiri ba. Don canji yana yiwuwa a ciyar da 'ya'yan itace, kifi da kaza.
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Yayin farauta, dabbobi suna ta amfani da ji da ƙanshi. Bayan sun gano yiwuwar cin ganima, sai suka fara zurfafa ƙasa suna tono duwatsun da ganyayyaki. Suna kama kananan ƙwayoyi tare da jaws a lokacin tsalle.
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Hakanan abin lura ne cewa skunkun suna son zuma sosai kuma suna iya ci tare da zuma da ƙudan zuma. A gare su, ƙudan zuma ba ya haifar da damuwa saboda lokacin farin ciki. Koyaya, cizo cikin fuska na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako.
Lokacin kiwo
Autumn in skunks suna nuna farkon lokacin kiwo. Wannan yakan fara ne a watan Satumba. Mata suna yin balaga lokacin da suke shekara ɗaya. Dabbobin da kansu suna halayensu na al'adar auren mata fiye da ɗaya. Aya daga cikin maza na iya yin lissafin mata da yawa. Haka kuma, namiji baya cikin ilimin zuriya.
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Lokacin shiryawa yana kai kwanaki 31. Mata suna halin halin murfin mahaifa, lokacin da akwai jinkiri cikin abin da aka makala da amfrayo ga bangon. A irin waɗannan halayen, ɗaukar ciki na tsawon watanni biyu. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, daga 3 zuwa 10 an ƙara samun ƙananan hauren gilashi, waɗanda nauyin su kawai 22 grams. Sun bayyana gaba daya makafi ne da kurma. Za'a iya ganinsu sai bayan wasu weeksan makonni. Lokacin da suka kai wata guda, sai su fara harba ruwa mai kamshi. Tsawon watanni biyu, mace ta ciyar da zuriyarsu gabaɗaya, bayan haka sun koya don samun nasu abincin. Mace tana ciyar da hunturu na farko tare da sa cuban. Bayan haka suna shirye don rayuwa mai 'yanci kuma suna iya barin yankin mahaifiyarsu.
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Abokan gaba
Skunks a zahiri ba sa shiga cikin jerin abincin wasu dabbobi saboda iyawar su ta samar da wani sirri mai ban tsoro wanda ke tsoratar da wasu masu farauta. Koyaya, dabbobi masu yanke hukunci kamar su lynx, fox, coyote, da badger suna iya kai hari skunks masu rauni.
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Game da haɗari, skunk ya gargaɗi abokan hamayyarsa, da ɗaukar tsoratarwa, ya ɗaga wutsiyarsa da tsayawa da ƙafafunsa. Idan dabba mai hadari ba ta motsa ba, to kuwa ya fara nufinsa, ya tsaya a kan gaban gabanta har ma yana wasa da harbi. Don haka, dabbar tana baiwa masu dabbobin damar da za su guji ci gaba. Idan wannan bai yi amfani ba, to skunk ya ja da baya ya yafa sirrin sirrinsa mai kan kai ga dabba mai haɗari. Idan aka haɗiye shi, wannan kayan na iya haifar da makanta na ɗan lokaci.
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Abun da ke cikin kayan da aka shigar ya ƙunshi butyl mercaptan. Yana tara tsawon lokaci a cikin gland na dubura. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan ruwa ya isa harbi 6. Sabuntawa zai ɗauki daysan kwanaki.
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Bugu da kari, skunks sune manyan jigon cututtukan da yawa da cututtukan fata. Musamman, sun haɗa da wata cuta da ake kira histoplasmosis. Hakanan a tsakanin skunks, yawancin lokuta ana samun rabies.
Babban maƙiyin waɗannan cute dabbobi shine mutum. Yawancin mutane sun zaɓi su lalata sarkoki saboda ƙanshin da suke yadawa. Hakanan akwai wasu maganganu inda skunks na iya kai hari kaji. Andari da yawa sun mutu a kan hanya ko yayin da suke cin abinci gabannin-guba.
Harshen Kwafi na Skiks / Genus Spilogale Grey, 1865
Girman masu girma. Tsawon Jikin 11.5 - 34.5 cm, tsinin wutsiya daga 7 zuwa 22. cm nauyi 0.2 - I kg. Shugaban yana ƙarami, tare da gajerar sashin fuskoki, kwalliya a ƙarshen. Idanun suna da girma, iuin na matsakaici mai tsayi, babba a gindin tare da kogunan zagaye. Hannun yatsun kafafu na gaba ya ninka biyu ya fi tsayi a kan kafafun kafafun. Yankin murfin yana da taushi, yana kan kan jiki, ƙarami a kai. An rufe wutsiya da gashi mai tsayi. Gabaɗaya sautin launi na jiki shine baki. A gefen ƙasan kuma bangarorin biyu madaidaitan madaidaici ne, galibi ana rarrabasu gida biyu. Akwai tabo na triangular a goshin. Ofarshen wutsiya yakan zama fari. Nipples 3-5 nau'i-nau'i.
Kwanyar ta kasance karami, ɗan ɗan lokaci, tartsatsi. Umsararrakin bushewar katako na faɗi.
Tsarin hakori: I3 / 3 - C1 / 1 - P3 / 3 - M1 / 2 = 34.
Skunk da aka gani yana da adadin kwayar zarra ta 64.
Aka rarraba shi a cikin matsanancin kudu maso yamma na Kanada, ko'ina cikin Amurka, ban da gabas da arewa maso gabas, Mexico da Amurka ta Tsakiya, kudu zuwa Costa Rica.
Kasancewa ta bushes, canyons, gonaki. Guji tsauraran gandun daji da wurare masu laima. Aiki da dare. Ba su fada cikin barci na hunturu ba, koyaya, ba sa fitowa a cikin tsari a cikin yanayin sanyi. Mafaka mafaka ne na sauran burukan mutane, bishiyoyi, rami a ƙarƙashin ɓarna, da ma wuraren ɓoye da bushewa. Sirrin da glandar anal ta samar yana da mummunan wari da kuma wari mai karfi kuma, idan ya shiga idanu, yana haifar da dafin zafin rai. Dabbar tana da ikon fesa bakin ruwansu da tsarewa har zuwa nisan mil 3.5. Suna kusa da omnivorous, amma mafi yawan carnivorous fiye da taguwar skunk.A lokacin bazara, ana cin abinci iri-iri da kwari, wasu lokuta tsuntsaye da ƙwayayensu, kuma a cikin hunturu da bazara, galibi dabbobi masu shayarwa (zomaye, voles, bera, bera), da hatsi na masara. A duk shekara, ana cin karas a sauƙaƙe, a wasu lokatai ana ci da ƙwarya, macizai da kwaɗi. Duk da cewa dabbar tabarma dabbobin dabbobi ne, suna hawa bishiyoyi lafiya. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi 2-6, yawanci 4-5 cubs. Cutar ciki tayi kimanin kwanaki 120. A cikin sassan arewa na kewayon, goning yana faruwa a ƙarshen hunturu, kuma haihuwa a lokacin bazara, a cikin kudanci, babu wani ɗan lokaci lokacin haihuwa. A wajen kudu, mace na iya samun daskararre biyu yayin shekara guda (zuriyar dabbobi ta biyu a ƙarshen bazara). Jariri yana da tsayi (da wutsiya) na kusan 10 cm da kuma yawanci kimanin 22.5 g .. An rufe jikin ta da lafiyayyun gashi, gajere da gajeru. Idanu da kunnuwa suna rufe. A makonni uku suna sanye da kayan farin kaya, wanda ke canza launin dabbobi. A shekaru 32, idanunmu a buɗe kuma waɗannan 'yan' yan mata za su fara fuskantar barazanar. A makon shida, glandar anal ta fara aiki. A watanni 3.5 suka kai girman manya kuma suna matsawa zuwa rayuwa mai yanci.
Habitat na Dwarf Spotted Skunks
Wadannan kananan masu farautar suna rayuwa ne a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu zafi, kwari, a tsakanin tsirrai na savannas dutse mai tsayi da kuma kananun tekun. Dwarf dabbar skunks sun gwammace su shiga cikin gandun daji mai yawa da kuma ƙananan lafuzza. Wani lokaci ana iya samun waɗannan ɓoyayyen a filayen noma da makiyaya.
Gwamnatin Mexico ce ke kiyaye wannan dabbar swark da aka gano.
Amfanin da illolin dwarf ya sanya dabbar dako
Wani lokacin mutane kan fara ganin dabbar dakof dabbar skunks don samun furfura. Waɗannan dabbobin dabbobi masu cinye kaji wani lokaci suna kai hari a kan kaji. Su yan dako ne na masu zina. Amma su mataimakan aikin gona ne, kamar yadda suke cin kwari.
Na mallaka, maciji da sauran dabbobi masu cin naman mutane sune abokan gaba na dabbobin skunk.
Dwarf hange skunk yawan
Zuriyarsu suna cikin Littafin Layi na Duniya, amma yana da matsayin mafi ƙarancin haɗari. Barazanar jama'a suna da alaƙa da lalata mazauninsu. Bugu da kari, adadi da yawa na mutuwa, suna fada tarkon da mutane suke sanya su.
Zuwa yau, akwai wasu shuwagabanni 3 na dwarf skunks:
- S. p. Daga Interyarit zuwa Colim,
- S. p. Australis suna zaune a Meksiko, Michaocan, Acapulco,
- S. p. Pygmaea sun zama ruwan dare daga arewacin Nayyarit zuwa kudancin Sinaloa.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.