• Tsarin lokaci: farkon lokacin Jurassic, kimanin shekaru miliyan 199.3 - 190.8 da suka gabata
• Kungiya kaji
• Abinci mai gina jiki: herbivorous
• Tsawon Layi: har zuwa santimita ɗari
• Height: har zuwa santimita 40
• Weight: har zuwa 3.45 kg (bisa ga wasu kafofin har zuwa kilogiram 10)
• Gano: Lesotho (Afirka ta Kudu), 1978
• Mai suna: Galton, 1978

Kwayar halittar Lesothosaurus (Lesothosaurus diagnosticus) - “Lafiya daga Lesotho” - ta rayu a duniyarmu a farkon lokacin Jurassic kimanin shekaru miliyan 199.3 - 190.8 da suka wuce kuma ya kasance farkon dinosaur na kaji.

A shekara ta 1978, an sami kwanyar da ba ta cika ba da kuma wasu kasusuwa biyu da aka dasa a cikin gandun dajin a cikin hawan Upper Elliot (Lesotho). An kuma gano yawancin adadin haƙoran haƙora na kusa, kodayake akwai cikakken haƙora na hakora a cikin kwanyar dajinsa zuwa gandun daji.
Abin takaici, tosaurus na daji ba ya karancin karatu; yau, ana ci gaba da bincikensa.

Gajerun kwanya da sikeli na tosaurus na da manyan firam na idanu. Girman kwasfan ido na tosaurus na daji ya kasance yana ɗaurin sauri don tsokoki da aka haɓaka, wanda galibi yana nuna kyakkyawan hangen nesa.
Wata karamar karamar bera wacce aka yi niyya, wadda aka yi niyya don tsintsar tsirrai, an riga an kafa ta ta kashin da premaxillary kasusuwa.
Akwai hakora mai siffar ganye a gefen jawur daga tosaurus, kuma hakora 12 suna a gaban babban muƙamuƙin da suka yi kama da kibiyoyi. A cikin wannan sun yi kama da hakoran pachycephalosaurs.
Koyaya, irin wannan tsarin haƙorin bai dace da niƙa da abinci mai wahala ba, amma kawai ya dace da yankan mai kaushi ko ganye.

Lesotosaurus ya motsa da ƙafa biyu na mahaifa, kuma tare da babban gudu.
Nan gaba a saman ciyawar daji, wanda ya kebe da kuma rike tsire-tsire masu ci, yatsa biyar ne kuma gajere, duk da haka banda yatsa na biyar, an samu ci gaba.
Kashi na gaba da baya na gabar gwal na tosaurus 40:60.

Lesotosaurus ƙarami ne sosai, kuma jikinsa yayi nauyi, godiya ga ƙasusuwarsa na daskarewa, da daɗewa.
Wutsiya ya kasance babba da bakin ciki.
Lesotosaurus dinosaur ne mai matukar birgewa, wanda, a cikin mafi ƙarancin hatsari, ya gudu da abokan gabansa - dinosaur na asalin coelophyses.

Tosaurus na gandun daji ya ci tsire-tsire masu girma - cycads da ferns.
Wasu masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa tosaurus na daji na da iko sosai, watau an ciyar dashi akan tsirrai da kwari.

Tushen bayanai:
1. Dixon, Cox "Gidan tarihin Macmillan mai kwalliyar dinosaurs da dabbobin da ke da tarihi"
2. "Encyclopedia Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs"
3. Wurin Wikipedia
4. Martin “Gabatarwar Nazarin Dinosaurs”
5. Malam, Woodward "Dinosaur Atlas"
6. Scott "Dinosaurs masu hadari"
7. Kut "Dinosaurs da duniyarmu"
8. "Babban Encyclopedia na Dinosaurs"

Katin kasuwanci

Lokaci da kuma wurin zama

Akwai tosaurus na daji a farkon lokacin Jurassic, kimanin shekaru miliyan 199.3 - 190.8 da suka wuce (Sinemiurian stage). An rarraba su a yankin Lesotho na zamani da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu.

Bambancin gandun daji-dinosaur tare da launuka masu kyau. Yana yiwuwa yawancin dinosaur da aka yiwa zanen fenti mai haske, a cikin irin gwanaye ko macizai na zamani.

Nau'in da Tarihin Binciken

Yanzu nau'in halittu iri ne na duniya baki daya - Lesothosaurus diagnosticusdaidai da ake samfurin. An gano shi a cikin Tsarin Haɗin Sama, wanda ke kan iyakar Lesotho da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu.

Bayanin masanin ilimin burbushin halittu dan kasar Ingila Peter Galton ne ya ba wannan bayanin a 1978. Misalin holotype BMNH RU (UCL) B17 wani kwanyar da ba ta cika ba. A farkon labarin, mun bayyana sunan tosaurus na gandun daji, an fassara sunan nau'in halittar diagnosticus daga Latin kamar "bincike".

Tsarin jiki

Tsawon jikin tosaurus na daji ya kai mita 1. Tsawonsa ya kai santimita 40. Ya auna kilogram 3.45.

Tosaurus gandun daji ya hau kan kafafu biyu na bakin ciki, wanda ya ba shi damar ci gaba da sauri. Dogayen yatsunsu da ƙananan ƙafafun musamman suna sanannu ne, inda a cikin wasu wallafe-wallafen ana zana keɓaɓɓun tare da ƙananan gaɓa-naƙasai.

Limarfin yatsu biyar na yatsa na tosaurus, kodayake ƙarami ne, an inganta su da kyau. Daga waje, suna iya zama kamar ƙaramin kamannin hannayen mutum. Ta hanyar misalin ɗan yatsa, ɗan yatsa na biyar ba shi da haɓaka. Tare da wadannan "hannayen" guda ya yatsa ya riƙe tsire-tsire mai amfani.

Kwanyar kwanciyar hankali na gandun daji, sabanin tsari daga baya, gajere ne, kuma yana da manyan fuka-fukai. Maarshe da ƙasusuwa na riga sun riga sun samar da nau'in ƙyamar bakin wake (har yanzu ƙarami) wanda dinosaur ya tsage tsirrai.

Kwayar lu'u-lu'u, ko kuma hakora mai siffa-ganye, wanda aka lika tare da jijiyoyin gandun-tsaurus. A gaban babban muƙamuƙi hakora 12 ne, masu kama da kibanya. A cikin wannan sun yi kama da hakoran pachycephalosaurs. Irin wannan tsarin haƙori mai ƙarancin haske bai dace sosai ba don niƙa abinci mai wuya, amma ya dace sosai don yankan mai tushe ko ganye. Girman kwasfan ido na tosaurus na daji ya kasance yana ɗaurin sauri don tsokoki na haɓaka, wanda na iya nuna kyakkyawan hangen nesa. A zahiri, rayuwar fabrosaurids ya dogara da hankalin ne.

Gangar jikin itacen tosaurus ya kasance mai tsawo kuma yana da haske, da kadan zai iya tunawa da takwarorin magabatan sarki, wadanda suka tsaya akan kafafu biyu. Tana da dogon wutsiya, musamman mahimmanci don motsi mai sauri. Gabaɗaya, saboda gajeriyar kwanyar da jikin mutum ya kasance, tosaurus gandun daji yana iya tunawa da lafazin da ke da kafa biyu, wanda ya yanke shawarar tashi zuwa ƙafa biyu da gudu.

Lesotosaurus yana ɗaya daga cikin farkon dinosaurs na herbivorous, kuma koyaushe an danganta shi da ornithopods na farko. Kwanan nan, duk da haka, ra'ayoyin (musamman, masanin ilimin binciken ɗan adam Richard Butler da David Norman) game da rera shi daga baya dangane da fasali na asali sun fara sauti sosai kuma sau da yawa.

Bamu ga isasshen hujja ga irin wannan rarrabuwar ba, saboda tosaurus gandun daji ya cika ka'idojin ornithopods.

Kuma Fabrosaurids, da heterodontosaurids, da makamantansu na dinosaurs na herbivorous na farkon, an sanya mu a kan umarnin ornithopods. A bisa ga ƙa'idar, ana iya rarrabe su a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren proornithopods, ta hanyar kwatancen tare da ɓangaren prosauropods - sauropods na farkon.

Sand ya tashi daga ƙarƙashin ƙafa zuwa gandun daji mai gudu zuwa toururus. Zane ta hanyar zane-zane Italiya Loana Riboli.

Haɗin kai tsaye tare da fabrosaur da stombergia

Abin takaici ne a kwanan nan, a cikin 2005, an bayyana ragowar farkon ornithopod na mita biyu a cikin wannan tsarin na Elliot na sama. Ya samu sunan stombergia. Dinosaur ya kasance ne a daidai lokacin da misalinsa na daji, kuma wannan ma yana nuna kusancin janareto. Haka kuma, a shekara ta 2010 an buga wani rubutu "Canjin Ontogenetic da girman jikin tsohuwar dinosaisur Lesothosaurus diagnosticus: abubuwan da ke haifar da tsarin haraji na kayan tarihi na basal", inda aka zana daidaiton kai tsaye tsakanin su kuma ana ba da shawarar cewa tosaurus gandun daji shine samfurin ƙuruciya na ƙuƙwalwa. Abin takaici, kasancewar kwanyar kwanyar ta kawo cikas ga aikin tantancewa, amma yuwuwar tana da girman gaske.

Halicci na biyu, wanda zai iya zama tosaurus na daji guda ɗaya, shine suttura, wanda aka bayyana gabanin gano tosaurus na daji, a cikin 1964. An gano shi a cikin ƙasar, kuma lokacin tsarancin ya zo daidai. Koyaya, anan tare da tantance halin da ake ciki shine mafi muni, saboda an san murfin ne kawai ta hanyar muƙamuƙin muƙamuƙin da hakora da yawa.

Zamu jira sauran bincike da nazari wanda zai sanya komai a wurin sa.

Skeleton wani yanki daga gandun daji

Alkalumman sun nuna kusan sake tsarin halittar Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (David Norman, 2004).

Da ke ƙasa akwai hoto na kwanyar fallasa daga bayanin tarihin gidan kayan tarihin Royal Beljik (Brussels).

Bugu da kari, sake fasalin zane mai zurfi na kwanyar kwanyar aikin Paul Sereno (1991)

Abinci da rayuwa

Samuwar Elliot na Afirka ta Kudu, wanda daji ya rayu a cikin, a cikin waɗannan shekarun ma ya fi zafi fiye da yanzu. Koyaya, yanayin zafi ya kasance kuma sananne, wanda fiye da samarwa da ƙananan dinosaurs tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire mai zafi. Hakoransu masu laushi ne ba a yi niyya su samo asalinsu ba, amma ganye da kuma 'yar tsaba ba su iya dandano ba. Ernananan ferns da cycas sun kasance nau'i ne na ciyayi.

Lesotosaurus dabba ce mai sauri da ƙwazo kuma, aƙalla alamar alamar haɗari, ya haɗa ƙafafunsa. Shin yana da abokan gaba? Haka ne, wannan tsari ya kasance yana zaune ne ta hanyar wasu ƙananan farauta masu sauri - coelophysis. A bayyane yake, sun kasance sunadarai ne na duniya baki ɗaya: a cikin ƙungiyoyi za su iya kai hari ga manyan massospondyls, kuma za su iya jimre da ƙananan ornithopods kadai. Celophysis mai tsayi-tsayi zai iya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da tosaurus gandun daji.

Latterarshen ba shi da hanyar kariya: babu wata takaddama mai ƙarfi, babu makamai, ko ma jita-jita ta heterodontosaurids. Amincin kowane mutum ya dogara ne da hankali da kafafu.

Haɗin 3D mai ban sha'awa da Albert Gruswitz: rukuni na tosaurus na gandun daji ya hallara don cin abincin rana a cikin koren kore.

Imimantaccen haɗin gwiwa tare da fabrosaur da strombergia

A cikin 2005, an samo kwarangwal ba tare da kwanyar ta ornithopod mai mita biyu ba. Masanin kimiyyar da ya gano wannan dinosaur ya kira shi strombergia. An samo kwarangwal a wuri guda kuma a daidai lokacin da kwarangwal na tosaurus na daji, wanda ke ba da shawarar alaƙar su. A shekara ta 2010, wasu masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa tosaurus gandun daji shine kawai samfurin matasa na Strombergia. Har yanzu dai ba a yanke hukuncin karshe ba sakamakon karancin kwanciyar hankali. An kuma bayar da shawarar cewa tosaurus da dinosaur da aka samo a cikin 1964 Fabrosaurus iri daya ne Dinosaur. Koyaya, wannan zato bazai iya tabbatar da gaskiyar dalilin ragowar ba Fabrosaurus kawai yanki ne na muƙamula da haƙora da yawa aka samu.

Bayyanar daji zuwa toururus

Tsawon tosaurus na daji bai wuce mita 1 ba, yayin da ta motsa a kan kafafun kafa biyu masu tsawo, waɗanda, gabaɗaya, sun ba da 20 cm.

Gagarannawa (Lesothosaurus)

Legsafar gaban dinosaur ya kasance mai ɗan gajeren yatsu biyar, ba shi da ci gaba kuma an yi niyya mafi yawa don kamawa kawai da tafiya.

Peter Galton ya bayyana shi a cikin 1978.

Sunansa yana nufin "lizard daga Lesotho." Halin halittar ya hada da jinsi daya - Lesothosaurus diagnosticus.

A cikin girman, bai fi girma babban kare. Weight - kimanin kilo 10. Yana da babban kai da idan aka kwatanta shi da jiki, wataƙila tare da ƙananan kunnuwa masu ƙyalƙyali da ƙusoshin ƙwaya a ƙananan muƙamuƙi.

Wannan dabba tana da lafiyayyen halitta.

Wannan dabbar tana da lafiyayyen halin da ya gaza - wuyan bakin ciki, kasusuwa, dogon kafafu da gajeran hancin gabansa da yatsu biyar. Tsawon jikin gorin-tosaurus mai yiwuwa yakai mita 1. Tsawon wutsiya ya kunshi jijiyoyin da aka toka sannan aka tanada sauran jikin.

Tsarin gandun daji na tosaurus

Bugu da kari, a kashin sa, masu bincike sun sami damar gano adadi mai yawa wanda ya tabbatar da asalin dinosaur na dabbobi daga asalin dabbobi masu cin abinci.

Kuma kodayake har yanzu ba a fahimci dalilin bayyanar irin wannan dinosaur a cikin juyin halitta ba, masana kimiyya a yau sun ɗauka cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda canjin wasu dinosaur don shuka abinci. Wannan, biyun, ya kara girman hanjin, kuma ya riga ya bayyana kuma ya tura kashin dabinon a cikin kashin dinosaur, ta hanyar samar da nau'ikan kaji.

Tsarin da tosaurus na gandun daji ya ba shi damar zama mai iya aiki sosai

Gajeru, gayayyiyar jiki, dogaye wutsiya da dogayen wuya - duk wannan ya sanya gandun daji yafara motsawa sosai.

M kasusuwa na kashin ma ya kara da cewa dole haske a lokacin motsi.

Irin wannan bayanan yana da matukar mahimmanci ga wannan karamin nau'in dinosaurs, tunda kawai motsi da gudu zasu iya ceton shi daga masu karnukan wannan zamanin.

Wataƙila, tosaurus na daji ya kasance kyakkyawan mai gudu.

Rayuwar Lesothosaurus

Dangane da salon rayuwar tosaurus na daji, yana da alaƙa da halayen gazelle na zamani - yawancin rayuwarsa wannan dinosaur ya ciyar a cikin makiyaya, inda ya ci ciyayi da kuma a lokaci guda ana kallo don kada barazanar daga masu cin naman dabbobi. Da zarar wannan ya bayyana, garken dutsen Tosaurus ya fara kwance, yana gudu.

Skeleton wani yanki daga gandun daji

Tsarin ban sha'awa na hakorar wannan dinosaur ya zuga masu binciken suyi tunanin cewa, watakila, ba shi asalin yake ba, amma ya kyale kansa ya more kananan kwari lokaci zuwa lokaci. Abinda shine cewa hakoran sa sunyi kama da tsarin hakoran na zamani, wanda yake ciyar da ciyayi, amma a sashinsa na gaba ana nuna su musamman, wanda ke nuna cewa tosaurus gandun daji na da iko.

Lesotosaurus - ya kasance ko'ina

Gagarannawa (Lesothosaurus)

• Tsawon - mita 1
• Girma - 45 cm
• Weight - 2 kilogiram
• Asali - Shekaru 197-183 da suka gabata
• Lokaci - Jaramin Jurassic (Triassic babba)
• Abinci mai gina jiki - Lowarancin Ganyayyaki
• Habitat - Afirka (Lesotho, Afirka ta Kudu), Ta Kudu Amurka (Venezuela)