Flora da fauna ta Afirka tana burgewa game da bambancin ta, akwai dabbobi da yawa, tsuntsaye waɗanda ba za ku samu a sauran nahiyoyi ba, kuma kambi na ƙwanƙwasa wakilinsu mai haske. Yawancin jama'ar Afirka suna girmama wannan tsuntsu mai ban mamaki da wani “kambi na zinare” a kawunansu, suna ɗaukar shi talisman ne ga gida, har ma ana nuna shi a kan suturar makaman Uganda, alama ce ta ƙasar baki ɗaya.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Creewn Crane
Sarkin Crowned Crane shine mai martaba sarki na gidan crane na kwarai. Wani fasali na wannan nau'in nau'in kambi ne a kai, wanda ya ƙunshi gashin fuka-fukai da yawa na bakin ciki.
Dukkanin nau'ikan kwangilar da aka kammalu sun kasu gida biyu bisa ƙa'ida ya danganta da yankin da mazauninsu suke a kan yankin Afirka.
- a yammacin nahiyar shine dan wasa mai martaba na yamma yake zaune
- a gabas - kudu maso gabas.
Babban bambancin su shi ne banbancin tsari na launin ja da fari a kan kunci, in ba haka ba suna da alaƙa gaba ɗaya.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Yaya kamannin da aka kamo ya yi kama?
Creewn Crane babban tsuntsu ne, mai ƙarfi, wanda girmansa zai iya kaiwa 90-100 cm ko sama da haka, fuka-fukan sa kusan mil biyu ne, nauyi yana daga 4 zuwa 5, 5 kg. Girman jima'i ba a cikin waɗannan halittun ba a ambace shi, amma mace suna kama kaɗan fiye da maza.
Kusan dukkan jikin jikin yana da launin baƙi ko duhu mai launin toka, kuma elytra da alƙawarin suna haifar da farin gashin fuka-fukai. An kawata karamin kai da wani kyakkyawan farin gashin fuka-fukan rawaya - saboda wannan fasalin, tsuntsu ya sami sunan sarauta. A cikin samari matasa, maɓallin ya fi sauƙi fiye da waɗanda suka manyanta: ƙarshen gashin fuka-fukan a ƙasan babba na jikin gine, kuma a ƙasa yashi. Neckaƙƙarfan matasa yana launin ruwan kasa, goshi yana da rawaya.
Gashin tsuntsun nan baƙaƙe ne, ƙarami, ɗan ƙarami. A ƙwanƙwasa, kowane mutum, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba, yana da jakar makada, mai kama da ta turkey da dodon ruwa, amma murfin na iya kawo shi.
Haske mai launin ja da fari daidai akan kowane ɓangaren suna ƙawata kukan tsuntsaye.:
- a cikin yankuna na gabas, ja yana saman farin,
- a Yammacin Afirka, akasin haka, fararen tabo ya fi ja.
Kafafu suna baki, ƙarfi sosai. Raneanyen da aka kambi yana da wani fasalin wanda ke bambanta shi da danginsa - a ƙafafun tsuntsun akwai yatsa mai tsayi a baya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tsuntsayen da ke da kambi na iya tashi zuwa tsayin mita 10,000.
Bayyanar kambin da aka kambi
Karancin da aka kambi shine tsuntsu babba wanda yake da fifikon 183 zuwa 188, tsayinsa ya kai santimita 104 da nauyin kilo hudu zuwa biyar.
Yawancin firam ana fentin su a cikin launin toka mai duhu ko baƙi, amma gashin fuka-fuki na fuka-fuki da elytra suna fentin fari.
Babban fasalin halayyar ɗakin cilin da aka kambi shine babban crest, wanda yake kan kai. Wannan crest ya kunshi launi na zinare mai tsananin gashin fuka-fukai, wanda a hakika ya zama dalilin da yasa aka fara kiran wannan jinsin cranes. Akwai fari biyu da fararen ja a kowane kunci.
Karancin Cree (Balearica pavonina).
Ranewanƙolin da aka kamo yana da ragi biyu. Wannan shi ne Balearica pavonina pavonina, wanda ke zaune a yankin yammacin Afirka da kuma Balearica pavonina ceciliae, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a Habasha da Sudan. Wadannan ra'ayoyin biyu sun bambanta saboda cewa aibobi a kan kunci suna da tsari daban. A cikin Balearica pavonina ceciliae, farin tabo yana ƙasa da ja, yayin da iri-iri na Yammacin Afirka, wurin da tabo ya kasance gaba ɗaya baya (farin fari yana saman jan).
A ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙwashin ƙaramin murfin kaffaran akwai jan akwatin makogwaron na ƙaramin abu mai kama da jakunan tururuwa da rokoki. Koyaya, ya kamata a sani cewa jakar wuyan da aka sanya wa kambi na iya zubewa. Gashin waɗannan tsuntsayen ƙanƙane ne, baƙar fata a launi kuma ɗanɗano daga gefe. Kafafu baƙaƙen fata ne. Daga mafi yawan sauran keɓaɓɓun cranes, an ma bambanta shi da katangar cewa yana da yatsun kafa na baya, wanda ke ba su damar ƙoƙari su kula da yanayin kwanciyar hankali yayin da suke zaune a kan rassan bishiyoyi da shishiyoyi.
Yawan wannan tsuntsu har yanzu yana da yawa kuma yana kusan mutane kusan 40,000.
Akwai bambance-bambance na waje tsakanin mace da namiji, duk da cewa maza sun fi girma girma. Ana bambanta matasa arean tsirara ta hanyar amfani da wuta mai sauƙi, haka ma, ofan tsotsar jikin na sama yana da ƙarshen ja, yayin da nunin gashin gashin da ke ƙasa masu yashi. Fuskar murfin madaukakiyar launin rawaya ce, kuma bayan wuya tana launin ruwan kasa.
A ina ne ɗakin tallan da aka kafa?
Hoto: Tsararren Crane Birni
Wannan nau'in cranes yana zaune:
- a cikin Savannas mai shimfiɗa kudu da hamada Sahara,
- Habasha, Burundi, Sudan, Uganda,
- ya mamaye gabashin Afirka.
Yana ɗaukar tushe cikin yankuna masu bushewa, amma galibi ana iya samunsa kusa da tafkuna, a cikin fadama ruwa mai ɗumi, da ciyawa. Ranwararrun cranes kuma suna zaune a filayen tare da shinkafa da wasu albarkatu, waɗanda ke buƙatar danshi mai yawa. An samo su a ƙasashe da aka watsar kusa da ƙananan koguna.
A kambi crane ba shi da tsoron mutane, sau da yawa yakan zauna kusa da gonaki da wurin zama. Don hutawa da daddare zai zaɓi ɓawon itacen Acacia. Duk rayuwarsu, an cices na ckines a wani wuri guda, wanda a wasu lokuta zasu iya barin, suna motsa nisan nisa, amma zasu sake dawowa. A lokacin fari, a yayin neman abinci, suna neman kusancin makiyaya, gonaki da gidajen mutane. Jirgin kirin yana rayuwa da kyau cikin yanayin wucin gadi, wanda yasa shi maraba ga tsuntsayen dabbobi, harma da masu zaman kansu.
Yankin da yake kusa da wadannan cranes shine daga kadada 10 zuwa 40, wanda aka dauke shi wani karamin yanki ne na wannan nau'in, amma an kiyaye shi da sauran tsuntsayen. Tsuntsayen su suna sanya sheƙunansu a kusa da ruwa, wani lokacin ma cikin ruwa a tsakanin maɓuɓɓugan itace.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo kambin ɗin. Bari mu ga abin da ya ci.
Bayanin da fasali
Cranes gaba ɗayansu ne, wanda yana cikin ɓangaren ƙungiyoyin cran-like. Latterarshen ya ƙunshi yawancin adadi daban-daban a tsarin, halaye da bayyanar wakilan ma'anar fauna, suna da asali na asali, waɗanda daga cikinsu yanzu ne.
Crane – tsayi tsuntsumallaki dogon wuya da kafafu. A waje, irin waɗannan halittu suna kama da waɗanda ke da dangantaka da su, kodayake suna nesa, matattara da sheqa. Amma ba kamar na farkon ba, cranes ba su da al'adar farawa a kan bishiyoyi, haka ma, sun fi kyau.
Kuma daga nau'in tsuntsaye na biyu ana iya bambance su ta yanayin tashi. Bayan haka, suna motsawa a cikin iska, suna da dabi'un shimfiɗa wuya da kafafu, waɗanda sunada tsayi fiye da herons. Shugaban irin waɗannan tsuntsayen ƙanana ne, beak ɗin ya kasance madaidaiciya kuma mai kaifi, amma da ƙima kamar na mai kara.
Lokacin da suke kan kasa tare da fikafikan su nada fuka-fuki, fikarsu tana ba da hangen nesa mai ban sha'awa kuma mai tsawo saboda yawancin gashin tsuntsaye. Launin waɗannan halittattun fikafikai fari ne ko launin toka.
Yawancin nau'ikan cranes suna da fasalin mai ban sha'awa. Suna da gashin fuka-fukai masu launin fata mai kauri a kawunansu. Duk sauran bayanan bayyanar ana iya yin la'akari da su. a cikin cirin hoto.
An yi imanin cewa gidan kakannin wannan nau'in tsuntsaye shine Amurka, daga can suka ƙaura zuwa Asiya a cikin lokutan prehistoric, daga baya kuma suka bazu zuwa sauran sassan duniya. Kodayake a yau a yankin kudancin Amurkawa wadannan tsuntsayen ba sa faruwa, kamar yadda suke a Antarctica. Amma an daidaita shi a kan sauran nahiyoyin duniya.
Kukan Crane a cikin bazara yawanci ana jin shi daga nesa, yana kara da babbar murya a kewayen da ke kewaye. A wannan lokaci na shekara, tsuntsaye yawanci suna busa ƙaho. Suna buga wani abu kamar mahara: "Skoko-o-rum." A wasu lokutan, muryar crane tana sauti daban-daban.
Irin wannan kira mai yawanci ana kiran shi kurlyanem. Galibi, kuri'u biyu kuma suna shiga cikin wannan kiran.
Saboda kyawun sa da alherinsa, cranes a cikin al'adun mafi yawan al'ummomin duniya sun bar alamar rayuwa kuma an ambace su cikin almara da tatsuniyoyi. Sun zama jarumawa na al'adun gargajiyar ofan Arewa Masoyan Arewa.
Ana samun tatsuniyoyi game da su a cikin ayyukan maganganun mutanen masarautar Tsakiya, Saudi Arabia da gabar Tekun Aegean.
Gaskiyar cewa kakanninmu na daji sun saba da su har yanzu ana nuna su ta zane-zanen kogo da kuma wasu binciken da masu shahararrun masana tarihi suka bayar. Amma yanzu yawan cirin yana wahala sosai, kuma adadin sa yana raguwa koyaushe. Kuma musamman wannan ya shafi jinsin da za a ambata da alama alama ba kasada ba, a ƙasa.
Iri cranes
A matsayin wani ɓangare na dangin crane, wanda ya bayyana a duniya a lokacin da dinosaurs ke birgima a kanta (bisa ga wasu rahotanni game da shekaru miliyan 60 da suka gabata), akwai abubuwa huɗu waɗanda, sun kasu kashi 15.
An samo bakwai daga cikinsu a cikin ƙasa ta Rasha. Membobin kowane ɗayan nau'in suna da halayen nasu kuma suna da ban sha'awa a hanyar su. Ka yi la’akari da wasu daga cikinsu.
1. Red-lashe crane. Ana la'akari da wakilan wannan nau'in cikin thean talifofi. Tsawonsu ya kai cm 176. Fuka fikafikan wadannan halittu suna da fikafiti mai nauyin 240. Irin wadannan tsuntsayen suna da launin toka-mai-launin toka, kafafu masu launin ja, gashin baki mai launin kore, mai tsawo. Suna zaune a Indiya, kuma ana samun su a wasu yankuna na kusa da Asiya. A cikin marasa ƙima, ana ganin tsuntsaye iri ɗaya a Australia.
2. Crane na kowa. A waje yayi kama da wanda akeyin bayanin da aka riga aka bayyana, wanda ya sa har wani lokaci da suka gabata, masana harkar ilimin sun danganta wadannan wakilai guda biyu na fauna mai ban sha'awa iri daya. Bayan haka, murfin gashin tsuntsaye irin wannan tsuntsun har yanzu yayi duhu.
Girman nau'ikan Ostiraliya ba kadan ba ne ga takwarorin India. Haɓaka samfuran wannan nau'in ya kusan cm 161.
3. Red-lashe crane na dangi ana daukar mafi wuya. Nauyin wasu mutane ya kai kilogiram 11. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna rayuwa ba kawai a Japan ba, har ma suna samu a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wani sashi mai tsayi na farin su fari.
Iya kawai da wuyansa da baya na fikafikan suna bambanta da su (baƙar fata), kuma ƙafafun waɗannan tsuntsaye suna da launin launin toka mai duhu. Wannan nau'in dangin da aka wakilta yana da ƙarami sosai. Zuwa yau, irin wannan nau'in wutan bai wuce mutum dubu biyu ba, saboda haka ana yiwa jinsin barazana gaba daya.
4. Demoiselle Crane. Wannan nau'in sananne ne saboda gaskiyar cewa wakilan smallestaramin wakilai a cikin gidan cranes. Suna da adadin kilogram biyu ko fiye da haka, kuma tsayin dakarsa ba ya wuce santimita 89. sunan tsuntsu ba yaudara bane, yana da kyau sosai.
Babban asalin rubutun alkalami daga cikin waɗannan halittu shine launin toka-mai toɗi. Wani ɓangare na gashin fuka-fuki na reshe shine launin toka-ash. Kafafu sunyi duhu, wanda yayi kyau tare da gashin fuka-fukai, wanda, kamar wuya, yana da launin shuɗi. Kamar beads ja-orange kan kawunansu, idanun su da bakin rawaya, gajere gajere sun fito waje.
Amma ana ba da kyawun yanayin musamman ga waɗannan tsuntsayen ta fararen fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsaye waɗanda suke rataye daga kawunansu har wuyansu a ƙarshen wata. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna yadu kuma ana samun su a yankuna da yawa na Eurasia, da kuma kan yankin Afirka.
Sautin da waɗannan kyawawan halittun ke yi suna da ladabi, ƙarara mai ƙarfi.
5. Farar Crane (Siberian Crane) - mai kyau ga yankuna na arewacin ƙasarmu. Amma har ma a Rasha, ana ɗaukar nau'in ƙaramin abu kaɗan. Wannan tsuntsu yana da girma babba, yana da mituna biyu ko sama da haka, kuma samfuran mutane daban-daban na iya isa wurin da ya wuce kilo 8.
Tsuntsayen suna da ja baki mai tsawo kuma kusan wannan inuwar kafafu ce. Babban ɓangaren ɓoyayyen, kamar yadda sunan yake nuna, fari fari, ban da wasu gashin fuka-fukan.
6. Sawanna Crane - nesa da karamin wakilin dangi. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen ana samunsu ne kawai a cikin Kanada, kuma a cikin iyakantaccen yanki, saboda, rashin alheri, jinsi ya lalace. Babban rushewar irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da launin fari-dusar ƙanƙara, ban da wasu ƙarin baƙaƙe.
7. Bakar fata. Hakanan karamin iri-iri, wanda aka lura da shi cikin Littafin Mai Ruwa. Irin wannan katanga zaune a Gabashin Rasha da China. Har zuwa kwanan nan, an ɗanyi nazarin ɗan adam. Wakilan sa ƙanana ne a cikin girmansa kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilo 3. Abubuwan alkalami na waɗannan halittu galibi baƙaƙe ne, banda banda da ɓangaren kai, waɗanda suke fari.
8. Belladonna na Afirka - wani mazaunin Afirka ta Kudu. Tsuntsu karami ne mai nauyin kilo 5. Kyau mai launin shuɗi-shudi shine asalin tushen alƙalin waɗannan halittun. Sai kawai gashin fuka-fukan a ƙarshen fika sune jagoran launin toka ko baƙi. Hakanan, ana kiran waɗannan tsuntsayen cranes na aljanna.
9. Crowned Crane - Har ila yau, dan asalin Afirka ne, amma ya bazu kawai a yankuna na gabas da yamma na nahiyar. Wannan halitta, idan aka kwatanta da dangi, matsakaiciya ce girmanta, kuma tana da yanayin kwarai. Fuka-fukan ta fari baki ne da haske da ƙari. Ana kiran ƙwanƙwaran kambi saboda babban ɗigon zinariya wanda ke ƙawata kan kai.
10. Grey crane. Wannan babban wakilin dangi mazaunin ƙasan Eurasia ne. Babban ɓangaren ɓoyayyensa yana da launin toka-mai-toɗi. Wani ɗan duhu mai sauƙi nuhvoste da baya, kuma ƙarshen baƙin fuka-fukan ya fita daga launi. Wannan nau'in a lamba da rarrabawa yana a matsayi na biyu bayan cirin.
Siffofi da mazaunin gidan ckin kambi
Wadannan tsuntsayen an kasu kashi biyu bisa ga ka'idoji iri biyu - gabas da yamma. Gabashin Kirkiren Kirki yana zaune a Kenya, Zambia da kuma Kudancin Afirka. Jirgin yamma ya na zaune a yankin daga Sudan zuwa Senegal.
Creeed Cree - tsuntsu kilogram biyar, wanda ya kai tsayinsa ya kai mita ɗaya da fuka-fukan fikafiti biyu. Fari ne mai launin toka ko baki, mai ɗaukar farin gashinsa.
Kirkirar gabas, daga Yammacin Afirka, ana bambanta ta da tufkafin kumatunta. Na farko yana da tabo ja da ke saman farin, na biyu ƙaramin girma ne babba. Kamar turkawa, suna da jakar makusanta mai ja tare da ikon yin kumbura, idanunsu kuma suna jawo hankalinsu da launin shuɗi mai haske.
Gefen baƙar fata ne, ba babba kuma dan kadan ya taɓo cikin tarnaƙi. Babban bambanci kambi na ƙwanƙwasasaboda abin da ta samu da sunan, wani gungu na wuya gashinsa, a kan kai, sosai maimaita kambi.
A cikin hoto ne mai crane mai kambi
Yatsun hannu na Hind suna da tsawo, tare da taimakonsu zaku iya tsawan lokaci mai tsawo akan bishiyoyi da daji a cikin dare. Hakanan suna bacci a cikin ruwa da kanta, suna tseratar da kansu daga mafarautan. Matan waɗannan tsuntsaye, a bayyane, kusan basu bambanta da maza ba, samarin yana daɗaɗa sauƙi, tare da kashin rawaya.
Halin hali da salon rayuwar ckin kambi
Wnwararren Crane, ya fi son buɗe sarari, filin ruwa. Hakanan ana samun shi a filayen shinkafa, wuraren watsi da gonaki, bankunan wuraren tafki, a cikin ciyayi.
Suna yin rayuwa mafi tsayi kawai, amma suna iya tafiyar dubun kilomita a rana. Da rana, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da ƙarfi, suna zaune cikin manyan garke, galibi suna kusa da sauran mutane.
Kusan basu tsoron mutane, saboda haka suna kusa da ƙauyukan. Amma wannan kafin lokacin damana ne.Daga nan sai aka raba biyun da aka yanyanka kashi biyu, an raba wuraren zaman su, suna kishin yankinsu da zuriyarsu nan gaba daga duwatsun, geese da sauran cranes.
A cikin hoto wani kambi mai kambi tare da kajin
Ciyar da Crane Cree
Abincin da aka sa masa kambi yana da omamaka, abincinsa ya haɗa da tsire-tsire da abincin dabbobi. Ciyar da ciyawa, iri iri, Tushen, kwari, da daɗi suna jin daɗin frogs, gwanaye, da kifi.
Tafiya cikin filaye, neman abinci, 'yan cranan suna cin ƙwaya tare da hatsi, don haka manoma ba su kora su. A lokacin fari, tsuntsaye suna matsawa kusa da garkunan manyan dabbobi masu tsoratarwa, inda za'a sami dabbobin daji da yawa. Abin da ya sa ba sa jin yunwa kuma koyaushe suna ciyar da zuriyarsu.
Sake bugun tare da tsawon kwanya mai dinki
Balagagge na manya yana faruwa ne tun yana ɗan shekara uku. Da zuwan lokacin matse, sai aka yi wa kawunan 'yan kwalliya na fara kulawa da kyau sosai. Dance wani nau’i ne na motsa jiki.
A cikin rawar hoto na kambin da aka kambi
Suna jawo hankalin kansu, tsuntsaye suna jefa bunches ciyawa, suna fika fikafikansu girma, girgiza kawunan su, sama sama da ƙasa. Wata hanyar yin wannan ita ce yin sautin kararrawa iri-iri ta hanyar lalata jakar makogwaron ku. Yayin da suke waƙa, murhun sun ɗora kawunansu a gaba, sa'annan kwatsam jefa su baya.
Bayan sun zaɓa abokin aure, iyayen da za su zo nan gaba su fara murɗaɗɗiyar hanya, sarƙaƙƙiya iri-iri suna hade da ciyawa, ciyayi mai daɗi don zuriyarsu. Yawancin lokaci yana da zagaye a cikin sifa. Suna ajiye ta ko dai a tafkin kanta, inda akwai ciyayi masu yawa, ko kusa da bakin teku kuma ana samun kariya sosai. Mace, a matsayin mai mulkin, lays daga biyu zuwa biyar qwai, tsawon daya zuwa goma sha biyu santimita, sun kasance daidai launin ruwan hoda ko ruwan hoda a launi.
Cranes duka ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai ne, mace ce mafi yawa a cikin gida. Bayan wata daya suna da zuriya. Chananan kajin an rufe su da ruwan duhu mai launin shuɗi, suna iya barin gida a cikin kwana ɗaya ba su koma kwanaki da yawa ba.
Nan gaba, dangin crane suna buƙatar matsawa zuwa wuri mafi girma, zuwa wurare masu ciyawa, don neman kwari da korayen kore. Yayin wannan, tsuntsayen suna magana da junan su, suna gaya wa inda ake samun abinci, idan kuma sun gamsu, sai su koma inda suke farauta. Idan shekara ba ta da kyau, to ma'auratan ba sa barin garkensu kwata-kwata. Chanan kajin na iya tashi da kansu ba kawai bayan wata biyu, uku.
A cikin hoto akwai kaji na kambin da aka kamo
Crowned cranes suna zaune a cikin daji har zuwa shekaru ashirin, kuma a cikin gidan zoo, ajiyar kaya da dukkanin talatin, wanda akan kira su centaruruwan. Amma, duk da wannan, suna da maƙiya da yawa, ban da dabbobi da manyan tsuntsaye, babban abin da ya shafi mutum shi ne. Shekaru ashirin da suka gabata an sami ɗumbin cranes, wannan yana rage mahimmancin lambobin su kuma yana sa su zama masu haɗari sosai.
Rayuwa & Habitat
Yawancin nau'ikan cranes sune tsuntsaye masu fadama ko kuma suna kusa da kowane tafki, kuma da ruwa, duka sabo ne da gishiri. Yawancin jinsunan sun fi son gishirin gishiri don sabo a cikin hunturu, suna matsawa zuwa gaɓar tekun da fadama tare da ruwan gishiri mai ƙoshi kawai lokacin yanayi.
Amma belladonna (wannan ya shafi jinsin Afirka) a hankali an daidaita shi don rayuwa daga kowane nau'in ruwa, yana tafiyar da kwanakin rayuwarsa cikin tsaurara da tsauraran matakai.
Gabaɗaya, wakilan dangin da aka bayyana sun bazu kan wurare da yawa na yanayin ƙasa. Sabili da haka, yayin magana game da abokan gaba na cranes, ya kamata a la'akari da wurin zama.
Misali, a cikin yankuna masu tsauri ƙwai ba ƙarancin idi ga liyafa a dawakai, dawakai, bear ba. Nishaɗi ga karnukan kyarketai sune karen cranes. Da kyau, tsofaffi galibi suna fuskantar barazanar da masu farauta, alal misali, gaggafa masu zinari.
A cikin hunturu, suna neman motsawa zuwa wurare masu zafi kuma katako ya tashi zuwa kudu yankuna na arewacin duniya. Kuma tsuntsayen da suke zaune a yankuna masu aminci da sauyin yanayi yawanci basa tafiya irin wannan doguwar tafiya, suna fifita rayuwa ta hanyar damuwar irin wannan motsi.
Yaran dabbobi a farkon farkon kakarsu (wanda yake da halayyar, ba shakka, kawai don ɗakunan ƙaura) suna zuwa yankuna na kudu tare da iyayensu, waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin kula da kuma kare zuriya mara ƙwarewa. Koyaya, ƙaura zuwa bazara zuwa wuraren kiwo ana yin shi ta hanyar balaga da kansu (a matsayin mai mulkin, sun yanke ɗan ɗan lokaci kaɗan fiye da mazan da suka gabata).
Ba a shawo kan dogayen hanyoyi ba lokaci guda. Kuma yayin lokutan tafiya, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna yin ɗaya ko ma da yawa, an yi su a cikin al'ada, wuraren da aka zaɓa a baya, filin ajiye motoci. Kuma lokacin hutunsu kusan sati biyu kenan.
Cranes Suna Tafiya Yawancin lokaci yana da kyau, yana tashi sama da ƙasa zuwa tsayin kilomita ɗaya da rabi, yayin da yake motsawa cikin sama, ƙwanƙolin ruwan sama yana kama shi. Idan hanyar iska bata dace dasu ba, suna layi cikin layi ko zare.
Wannan nau'in ginin yana rage juriya da iska kuma yana taimaka wa waɗannan matafiya masu tafiya k save are don ajiye makamansu.
Kasancewa a wuraren da ake kewaya, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen za su zauna a keɓantaccen shafukansu (irin wannan yanki yawanci ya mamaye yanki mai nisan mil da dama) kuma yana k actively are su daga rakiyar abokan hamayya. Lokacin farkawa ga irin wadannan tsuntsayen rana ce. Da safe sukan ciyar, kamar yadda yake a yamma. Haka kuma, ayyukan yau da kullun na waɗannan halittu masu aminci, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya haɗa da kulawa na dogon lokaci don murfin gashin gashinsu.
Me ya ciyar da kambin da aka sa masa kambi?
Hoto: Creewn Crane daga Littafin Ruwa
Cwararrun cranes suna cin kusan komai, su da abinci iri ɗaya suke cin abincin dabbobi da asalin kayan lambu.
Tushen menus na iya zama:
- tsaba, dasa tsiron, Tushen, wani lokacin ma hatsi daga filayen noma,
- kwari iri iri, kifaye, kwalin, lizards, mice, wasu ƙananan invertebrates da vertebrates.
A lokacin fari, tsuntsaye sukan koma garken garkunan dabbobi masu tsoran dabbobi, inda za ku sami wadatattun dabbobin da ke damuwa da dabbobi. Saboda yanayin rayuwarsu, da kyar suke fuskantar yunwar kuma koyaushe zasu iya ciyar da zuriya.
A cikin yanayin rufewa, akwai kuma babu matsaloli tare da abincinsu. Abincin da ke cikin gidan dabbobi, kamar yadda yake a yanayi, ya gauraye. Abincin tsire-tsire sun haɗa da alkama, gero, sha'ir, da kuma dukkan kayan ƙwari. Bugu da kari, tsuntsaye suna karbar kayan lambu daban-daban. Nama, kifi, hamarus crustaceans, cuku gida da mice sune ke abincin dabbobi. A matsakaici, yaro daya yana buƙatar kusan 1 kilogram na abinci guda biyu kowace rana.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awat: Wannan nau'in tsuntsaye shine daya daga babban gidan crane wanda, godiya ga karin toan yatsan kafa, na iya zama akan bishiyoyi - akan rassansu ne suke kwana. Mafi sau da yawa, saboda wannan suna zaɓar maƙarƙashiyar ƙoshin itacen acacias, ƙasa da wasu nau'ikan bishiyoyi.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Cranes na Kambi
Tsuntsuyen da aka kambi ya zaɓi hanyar rayuwa. Koyaya, yana iya yawo gwargwadon lokacin shekara ba tare da ƙetare kan iyakokin yankin da yake zaune ba. Migaura ta yanayi da ta yau da kullun cikin tsawon su na iya isa dubun kilomita. Yana aiki da rana, da dare ya fi son shakatawa a kambi na bishiyoyi.
Cranes sun ɓaci cikin manyan garke, suna ma'amala da juna sosai. Ko da a lokacin ƙaura, manya suna sadarwa ta takamaiman sautikan makogwaro, wanda ke taimakawa mafi daidaita ayyukan kowane memba na fakitin. Da farkon lokacin damina ne kawai suke watse cikin nau'i biyu don haifuwa da kare yankinsu daga sauran danginsu, haka kuma geese da duwatsun. Idan shekara ta zama mara kyau saboda yanayin yanayi, to, ma'aurata biyu na kambi na iya barin garken kwata-kwata kuma jira mafi kyawun yanayi don ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin daji, cranes masu kambi suna rayuwa a matsakaici har zuwa shekaru 20-30, a cikin wani shinge tare da ingantaccen abinci mai kyau da kulawa ta dace, wasu mutane sun haye shekaru hamsin da suka wuce, wanda galibi ana kiransu ɗaruruwan shekaru idan aka kwatanta da sauran mazaunan wuraren zoos.
Wnwararrakin Crane mai Ruwa
Karancin dutsen da aka kafa yana zaune a cikin savannas da ke kudu da hamadar Sahara, a yankin Sahel. Hakanan ya zama ruwan dare a Habasha, Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda da gabashin Afirka. Ya fi son bude sarari, wanda zai iya zama mai danshi ko maimaici. Koyaya, an zaɓi fifikon bakin kogunan Wuraren ruwa, wuraren kiwo da ciyawar ruwa.
Hakanan ana iya samun ingantattun cranes a cikin filayen shinkafa, da kuma a filayen da aka tanada don wasu albarkatu masu ƙauna. Rashin aikin gona wanda yake kusa da tafkunan ma ya shahara.
Hakanan za'a iya samun crane a cikin filayen shinkafa ko wasu albarkatu masu ƙauna.
Mafi sau da yawa a cikin mazaunin crane mai kambi zaka iya samun acacia da sauran bishiyoyi waɗanda waɗannan ɓayen cranes suke so su kwana. Ranewanin da aka sa masa hannu ba ya jin tsoron mutum kuma yakan zauna cikin kusancin mazaunin ɗan adam.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Chicked Crane Chick
A balaga na kambi cranes na faruwa yana da shekaru uku. A lokacin damuna, kuma tana faduwa a kan lokacin damina, manya sun fara kula da juna da kyau kuma rawar da ta dace ita ce hanya ɗaya ta flirt. Yayin rawar, tsuntsayen suna ƙoƙarin jan hankalin mafi girman abokan hulɗarsu. Cranes suna jefa ciyawa sama sama, suna taho da fikafikan su. Bugu da kari, maza za su iya rera waƙa, saboda wannan sukan cika jakar maƙogwaro suna yin sautin kakaki. Yayin wasan kwaikwayon, mawaƙin ya lulluɓe kansa da kambi na zinariya a gaba, daga baya kuma ya jifa da baya.
Zabi wani biyu wa kansu, tsuntsaye fara fara da gida. Yawancin lokaci suna amfani da sedge ko wasu ciyawa don wannan dalili. Suna gano inda suke zaune musamman a bankunan tafki, a tsakanin maɓuɓɓuka a kai tsaye akan ruwa, inda mace ta sanya ƙwai 2 zuwa 5, gwargwadon shekarun tsuntsu. Girman kwai yana iya kaiwa 12 cm, yana da ruwan hoda ko launin shuɗi.
Kayan kyankyasai suna ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai na wata ɗaya, yayin da namiji kuma ya ɗauki aiki mai amfani a cikin tsarin. Bayan kwana daya bayan haihuwar kajin, jikin wanda ke rufe da launin ruwan kasa, zai iya barin gida, amma bayan 'yan kwanaki zasu sake dawowa. A wannan lokacin, dangin crane suna hawa kan tudu don neman abinci, kuma idan suka cika, sai su sake yin tururuwa zuwa wurin da ake farawar. Can tsoho suna koyar da kajinsu don neman abinci, suna yin sautuna daban-daban, suna “bayyana” ka'idodin ɗabi'a. Saurin girma ya fara tashi cikin watanni 2-3.
Sake buguwa da salon rayuwar ckin kambi
Karancin dutsen da aka girka ya fi son hanyar rayuwa, amma ya danganta da lokacin zai iya yawo cikin yanayin rayuwarta. Ya kamata a lura cewa ƙaura ta yau da kullun da ta na yau da kullun na iya zama babba a nesa su kuma adadinsu zuwa nisan kilomita da dama. Crane mai cin nasara a ranar da rana.
Ya fi son a yi birgima, kuma babban isa, duk da haka, wannan baya amfani da lokacin kiwo. Bugu da kari, idan lokacin damina ya fara, wadannan tsuntsaye sun kasu kashi-kashi daban-daban wadanda ke kare yankin da aka mamaye, duka daga wasu wakilan jinsinsu, kuma daga wasu tsuntsayen, kamar geese da duwatsun.
Dimorphism (bambancin bayyane tsakanin mace da namiji) ba a bayyana shi a cikin kirin na canji ba.
Lokacin kiwo yana cikin lokacin damina. An bayyana matsayin maza da mata tsakanin maza da mata ta hanyoyi da dama. Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka saba shine sautin murƙushewa, wanda ana samunsa ta hanyar lalata jakar makogwaron tare da fitar da iska ta gaba. A wannan yanayin, murfin ya ɗora kan shugaban gaba, sannan ya sake jifa da shi tare da motsi mai kaifi.
Sauran nau'ikan wasannin mating sune takamaiman sautin karar wanda za'a iya rarrabe shi da sautukan da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan katako suke da dogon tracheas. A lokaci guda, wasannin mating na iya kasancewa tare da raye-raye na hadin gwiwa, wanda ya hada da girgiza kai, jefa amai da ciyawa, fikafikan fuka-fukai, ruwa da kuma hawan ruwa.
Yankin da aka mamaye shi don farawa yana da ƙanana kuma yana tsakanin hekta goma zuwa arba'in, amma wannan matakin yana da kariya sosai daga kutsawa sauran tsuntsayen. Gida yana da nau'i mai zagaye kuma an gina shi, a matsayin mai mulkin, daga sedge, amma in babu irin wannan ciyawa za'a iya amfani dashi. Tana kusa da ruwa, kuma a wasu lokuta ma kai tsaye cikin ruwa, tsakanin ciyayi mai yawa.
Alamar alama akan cranes shine kamannin tsinkayen goshi.
Qwai da mace ta sanya masu ruwan hoda ne ko shuɗi ba tare da wani aibi ba. Yawan su ya kama daga biyu zuwa biyar, amma a matsakaici - biyu da rabi. Tsawon lokacin shiryawa shine daga kwanaki 28 zuwa 31. Dukkan iyayen sun dauki nauyin sanya kwai, kodayake mace tana da hannu cikin wannan.
Karnukan dake kwance daga qwai an lullube su kuma suna iya barin gidan a rana, kodayake, a matsayinka na mai mulki, sun dawo can cikin kwana biyu zuwa uku. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bayyanar kajin, dangi sun canza wurin zama, suna ƙaura zuwa wuraren ciyawa mafi girma inda za su iya ciyar da tukwici da kwari. Bayan kwanaki 60-100, kajin sun zama fuka-fuki.
A lokutan bushewa, kwanduna masu daraja suna tashi zuwa wurare masu tsayi kuma ana iya samun su sau da yawa kusa da manyan garken dabbobi, inda zaka iya samun adadi mai yawa na dabbobin da ke damuwa da motsawar garken. Idan shekara gabaɗaya, ma'aurata marasa adalci na iya barin tumakinsu gaba ɗaya su ci gaba da kasancewa a ciki.
Za'a iya samun natsuwa tare da raye-raye na juna, wanda ya hada da bunkasuwa, ruwa, fuka-fukan fuka-fuki, da sauransu.
Abokan Halittu na Cranes
Hoto: Cranes na Kambi
A cikin daji, tsuntsayen daji iri daban-daban, mafarautan Afirka na iya shiga rayuwar su. Matasa galibi ana yawan kaiwa hari, wasu lokuta thea diesan yakan mutu ko da kwai kafin a haife su, kamar yadda akwai mutane da yawa da suke son cin abinci a kansu kuma iyayen basu da ikon kare su. A wasu yanayi, don kare kansu daga mafarautan, tsuntsaye na iya kwana a kai tsaye akan ruwa.
Inda aka tattara makiyan wadannan manyan tsuntsayen, mutum bazai iya kasa kunne ba ya lura cewa mafi girman lalacewar al'aurarsu ba tsuntsayen dabbobi ne ba amma na mutum da ayyukan sa. Ana kama kambin da aka kamo cikin manyan adadi don ci gaba da sanya jigilar tsuntsayen dabbobi a cikin matattun dabbobi.
A wasu al'ummomin Afirka, ana daukar wannan halitta a matsayin wata alama ta wadatar da sa'a, saboda haka musamman iyalai masu arziki ke son samun su a cikin gidan su. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami ƙarin bunƙasa, a wurinsu mutane suna himmatuwa ga aikin gona. Cranes suna ɓacewa saboda lalacewar mazauninsu na asali, keta alfarma yanayin rayuwarsu.
Amfani mai amfani a cikin aikin gona na mahallin magunguna daban-daban don kula da filayen daga kwari shima yana da tasiri ga waɗannan tsuntsayen, saboda abincinsu ya ƙunshi hatsi da ƙwayoyin dabbobi da yawa waɗanda ke zaune kusa da filayen.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Yaya kamannin da aka kamo ya yi kama?
A cikin yanayin halitta, akwai mutane sama da 40,000 na cranes na kambi, wanda ya isa sosai don haifuwa ta dabi'a, amma, duk da haka, an dauki matsayin wannan nau'in cranes mai sauƙi kuma an jera shi a cikin Littafin Layi na Duniya. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, babbar barazanar da ke haifar da yawan halittun da aka saba yi itace kamun aiki da kuma cinikin tsuntsaye.
Suna cikin buƙatu musamman a Mali da wasu ƙasashen Afirka, inda har yanzu akwai al'adar kiyaye waɗannan baƙin tsuntsaye a gida. Yawancin gidajen dabbobi masu zaman kansu na Turai da Asiya suna son samun wata halitta mai kyawu tare da kambi na zinariya. Kasuwancin kwastomomi masu kyau sun bunkasa cikin shekaru ukun da suka gabata.
A lokacin da suke shigo da su ba bisa ka'ida ba zuwa kasashen waje, fiye da rabin mutanen suna mutuwa. Akwai gwagwarmaya koyaushe a kan kama tsuntsu ba bisa ka'ida ba, ana gano sarkar rarraba su, amma saboda ƙarancin rayuwar mutane a ƙasashe da yawa na Afirka da kuma tsadar kayayyaki masu daraja a kasuwar baƙar fata, ayyukan ba bisa ƙa'ida ba na samun ƙarfi ne. Wadannan halittun basu da tsoron mutane ko kadan, don haka abu ne mai sauqi ka kama ta, wanda hakan ke kara dagula lamarin da raguwar sannu-sannu a yawanta.
Tsayayyen Crane
Hoto: Creewn Crane daga Littafin Ruwa
Tsarin nau'in nau'in cranes yana ƙarƙashin kare duniya. Duk da yawan jama'a mafi girma, akwai tsayayyen ra'ayi na raguwa, yayin da adadin raguwa ke ƙaruwa koyaushe.
Akwai bangarori guda biyu waɗanda ake yin aikin don adana ɗambin crane mai daraja saboda tsararraki masu zuwa:
- hana cinikayyar haramtacciyar fataucin tsuntsayen karkara, yana kara hukuncin wannan nau'in ayyukan ta'addanci. Hukumomin da suka cancanta na duk ƙasashe suna aiki sosai, saboda ta wannan hanyar ne kawai zamu iya dogara da sakamako mai mahimmanci,
- adana mazaunin mazaunan gari na cranes, watau fadama tare da ruwa mai kyau, magudanan ruwa, wanda a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an sami ruwa sosai, an kuma gina garuruwa a madadinsu, an girka filayen noma.
Idan kuka bar kullin da aka kamo shi kadai, ku kare shi daga ayyukan lalacewar mutane, to yana da ikon mayar da mutuncinta cikin sauri kuma canza matsayinsa zuwa ga nau'in mai dorewa. Abin takaici, a cikin yanayi don sauƙi mai sauƙi, mutane ba suyi tunani game da makomar jikokinsu da jikokinsu ba, waɗanda, a irin wannan raguwa a cikin yawan crane masu daraja, zasu iya sha'awar su kawai a wuraren dabbobi ko hotuna a cikin littattafan zoology.
Crowned Crane - Wannan kyakkyawar tsuntsu ce, kyakkyawa mai dan kadan, kuma kyakkyawa ce mai ban sha'awa. Ana iya kiranta sarkin duka gidan crane. Movementsaƙƙarfan motsawarsu da rawa maras kyau, wanda za'a iya lura dashi kawai a cikin mazauninsu na al'ada, suna da ban sha'awa. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa suna ƙarƙashin kariyar ƙasa, ana fatan zuriyayenmu na nesa za su ga irin rawar da baƙon na waɗannan cranes.
Rayuwa & Maimaitawa
Yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, kodayake, ya danganta da yanayin, yana da damar yawo cikin yanayin rayuwarta. Rationsaura yanayi na yau da kullun ko na yau da kullun na iya zama mai mihimmanci kuma adadin su zuwa dubun kilomita. Aiki cikin rana. A waje na lokacin kiwo, yana da garken tumaki a cikin garken tumaki, galibi babba, duk da haka, tare da farawa lokacin damina, tsuntsayen sun hade wuri guda kuma sun banbanta, suna kare yankin su ba wai kawai daga wasu nau'ikan kumburi ba, har ma da sauran tsuntsayen kamar ducks da geese.
Lokacin kiwo yana kasancewa a lokacin damina. Za a iya bayyana juna tsakanin maza da mata ta hanyoyi da yawa, ɗayansu yana yin sautin abubuwa ta hanyar toshewa da kwantar da iska daga kukan makogwaron. A wannan lokacin, cranes suna sunkuyar da kawunansu a gaba, sa'an nan kuma, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi, sake jefa su. Bugu da kari, tsuntsaye suna iya yin karar karar halayyar halayya wadanda suka bambanta sosai da sauran nau'ikan crane tare da tracheas mai tsawo. Za'a iya samun natsuwa tare da raye-raye na juna, wanda ya hada da rawar kai, ruwa, fuka-fukan fuka-fuka, jefa ciyayi ko girgiza kai.
Yankin dajin yake da kadan kuma yakai 10-40 ha, amma, an kiyaye shi sosai daga mamayewa sauran tsuntsayen. Ana gina gida zagaye daga farke ko wasu ciyawa kusa da ruwa ko ma a ciki a tsakiyar ciyayi. Mace ta sanya 2-5 (matsakaita 2.5) shuɗi ko ƙwai mai ruwan hoda ba tare da aibobi ba. Lokacin shiryawa yana kwana 28-31. Duk iyayen sun shiga cikin shiryawa, kodayake mafi yawan lokuta mace tana ciyarwa cikin gida.
Kayan da aka harba suna lulluɓe da ruwa kuma suna iya barin gida a rana, kodayake sun dawo can cikin kwanaki 2-3. Ba da daɗewa ba dangi ya ƙaura zuwa wurare masu ciyawa inda suke ciyar da kwari ko tukwici. Chickks sun kasance a kan reshe bayan kwanaki 60-100.
A lokacin rani, cranes suna hawa sama kuma ana samun su sau da yawa kusa da garkunan manyan dabbobi, inda akwai dumbin yawa cikin damuwa. A cikin shekara mara kyau, ma'auratan na iya zama cikin fakitin.
Barazanar
Babban barazanar da ake yiwa wannan nau'in ita ake kira kama da cinikin waɗannan tsuntsayen. A wasu ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka, kamar Mali, akwai al'adar ajiye waɗannan tsuntsaye a gida. Koyaya, a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, kasuwancin ƙasa a cikin wannan nau'in ya karu sosai, wanda ya shafi adadin tsuntsayen. Bugu da kari, daga cikin abubuwanda ke lalacewa ana kiransu raguwa a fannin bololi saboda ayyukan mutane.
Sake bugun da kuma tsayin rai na cranes
Yin saurin juyawa, komawa wuraren wuraren da ake zuwa a nan gaba, suna yin rawa ta musamman, wacce ke tattare da waƙar tsuntsu. Wadannan halittun masu falala suna motsawa da wani abu mai kama da kwari, suna fuka fukafukansu da kuma billa.
Irin waɗannan rawa a ranar Hauwa na mare suna da matuƙar ban sha'awa har mutum ya ɗauke su. Misali, a Japan da Kareya akwai rawar rawa ta musamman, wadanda ke yin kwaikwayon abin da suke kwaikwayon motsin wadannan tsuntsayen.
A cikin cranes, al'ada ce ta kasancewa da aminci ga abokin har zuwa mutuwarsa, sabili da haka nau'i-nau'i daga waɗannan halittu masu fuka-fukan ba su faɗi ba tare da kyakkyawan dalili ba. Wakilan nau'ikan ƙaura yawanci suna zaɓar abokan aikinsu ko da wuraren hunturu.
Wuraren da aka tsara ke zaune a yankuna tare da yanayi mai kyau, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin lokacin rigar, tunda babu ƙarancin abinci a wannan lokacin, wanda yake mahimmanci ga haihuwa da kuma kiwon kaji.
Cranes suna ɓoye manyan ɗakunan su (suna da diamita na har zuwa mita da yawa) a cikin ciyawa mai yawa da ke girma a cikin sasanninta masu ɓoye a bankunan tafkunan ko a cikin fadama. Don gina su, suna amfani da sassaƙaƙen kayan gini, sandunansu, don haɓakawa - ciyawar bushe.
Yawanci, kamawar yawancin nau'ikan ya ƙunshi ƙwai biyu, kawai a wasu nau'ikan akwai har zuwa biyar. Ana samo ƙwai a launuka daban-daban. Zasu iya zama, alal misali, fari ko shuɗi mai haske, amma galibi ana rufe saman ƙwanƙwasa da maƙasudin shekaru.
Chingyankin ƙyallen yana ɗaukar wata guda, sannan kuma murhun katako ya ƙare. Amma waɗannan gashin fuka-fukan an rufe su da ainihin gashinsa kawai 'yan watanni kaɗan. Matasa masu tasowa suna girma da sauri. Amma wakilan sun kai ga balagarsu a cikin shekaru hudu masu zuwa (ga Siraniyan Cranes ba shekaru shida daga baya).
Crane daga cikin kyakkyawan gashin baki alfahari da enviable tsawon rai. Shekarun irin wadannan tsuntsayen a cikin yanayin halitta an kiyasta su ne shekaru 20 ko fiye, kuma halittun fuka-fukai masu kama da aka ci gaba da zaman bauta, a wasu yanayi, suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 80.
Ara aku
Sunan Latin: | Gruidae |
Mulkin: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Fasali: | Tsuntsaye |
Squad: | Crane-kamar |
Iyali: | Crane |
Jinsi: | Bustards |
Height: | 90-180 cm |
Tsawon tsawon: | 75-115 cm |
Wingspan | 150-230 cm |
Weight: | 2-8 kg |
Matsayi na ranewararren Can Crane
Kamar yadda muka ambata a sama, wannan nau'in murhun ɗabi'a yana da matsayin wani nau'in halitta mai saurin cutarwa. Barazanar yawan mutanen crane masu daraja suna da alaƙa da kama sana'a da cinikin waɗannan tsuntsayen. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa waɗanda ke yammacin yammacin Afirka, kamar Mali, akwai al'adar ajiye cranes kambi a gida.
Ya kamata a sani cewa tsawon shekaru uku, launin fata, kasuwancin ƙasa na keɓaɓɓu cranes ya karu sosai, wanda ba zai iya tasiri ba illa yawan jimlar waɗannan tsuntsayen. Bugu da kari, abu mai lalacewa shine raguwar yankuna masu bushewa, wanda ke da alaƙa da ayyukan tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam.
Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.
Menene kamarsa
Crane ya kusa tashi
Cranes kyawawan dabbobi ne masu kyau. An rarrabe su ta dogon kafafun kafaffun, babban ɗan kunne mai raɗaɗi, ƙaramin kai da baki mai yatsa. Jikin yana zaune a sararin sama yana da dangantaka da ƙasa. Wutsiya galibi yana da tsawo, dansful dantse. Yankunan da ke fuskar idanun babu komai. Fuka-fukan furen ɓoyayyen suna da faɗi, tsayi, doguwa a ƙarshen.
Crane ta fasa fikafikan sa
A cikin ciyawar tsuntsaye akwai launuka masu launin fari da fari. A cikin wasu nau'in, ana haɗa su da launin ruwan kasa, launuka, sautunan launin rawaya. A kai akwai alamun launin rawaya da ja.
Wuraren biyu don tafiya
Wadancan cranes wadanda ke ciyar da dabbobin ruwa ruwa suna da yatsun kafa, kuma gemunsa da wuyansa sun fi tsuntsayen da ke zama a farfajiyar katako. An yi wa kawunan wasu nau'ikan kayan cranes (crane da aka yiwa kambi da kuma crane na gabas) tare da murɗa gashin fuka-fukai na fata.
Mace da namiji: kamanceceniya da bambance-bambance
Namiji da macen
Yawan nuna bambancin Jima'i a cikin cranes yana da rauni a bayyane. Babban bambanci tsakanin mata da maza ana lura dashi da girman cranes. Mace ta macce kodayaushe tana ƙarami da namiji. Jikinta ba mai yawa ba ne, kuma baki ya fi guntu. Paarfin maza sun fi tsayi kuma sun fi ƙarfi, wuyan sun yi kauri.
Habitat
Hoto na wani murfi kusa da tafki
Kekuna suna zaune a cikin wuraren da suke buɗe kusa da sabbin ruwan wanka. Don nesting, an zaɓi ciyayin makiyaya da ciyawa. Gidajen cranes na Australiya sune tafkuna masu gishiri. Belladonna da nau'in tsuntsayen kambi na zaune a cikin tarkuna. Baƙar fata na fata yana zaune kusa da fadama taiga kuma yana zaune a yankuna masu cike da ciyayi. Yawancin cranes suna zaune kusa da mutum, zauna kusa da filayen da ake noma.
Migratory tsuntsu ko a'a
Jirgin Crane
Nine daga jinsin goma sha biyar na cranes - tsuntsayen ƙaura. A cikin kaka, akasarinsu a tsakiyar Satumba, tsuntsaye sukan garke garken kuma su tashi zuwa hunturu a yankuna na kudanci. Cranes fararen fata a cikin ɓangaren Turai na hunturu na Rasha a kudancin Turai (Spain) da arewacin Afirka (Algeria, Maroko). Tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a yammacin hunturu Siberiya a Indiya. Ranan teran gabas suna ƙaura yayin lokacin sanyi zuwa kudancin China. Iyalin tsuntsayen gabas suna tashi zuwa Asiya ta kudu maso gabas.
Hoton cranes a cikin sama
Shida daga cikin nau'ikan goma sha biyar su ne marasa galihu. Wasu jiragen suna yin ƙaura na lokaci a cikin kewayon su. Ya danganta da yanayin yanayi, tsuntsaye sukan yi ƙaura yau da kullun ko na lokaci. A lokacin damina, murhunan sama suna tashi kilomita 500-600 zuwa inda babu ruwan sama, sai a koma zuwa inda ake fara ciyawar.
Abincin Crane
Crane yana biye da filin
Cranes sune tsuntsaye iri-iri. Abincinsu ya hada da tsiro, ƙwaya, shuka iri. Kulawa ta musamman ga tsuntsayen asalinsu ne. Ranwararrun kwari, ƙananan rayayyun halittu masu ruwa, masu lizards, toads, mollusks da crustaceans suna ci.
Muryar Crane
Crane yana iyo a cikin tafkin
Sauti da aka yi da kirinji suna kama da gunaguni na rafin dutse ko kuma sautin kayan kida. A lokuta daban-daban na shekara, tsuntsaye suna ihu da babbar murya "Kur-ly - Kur-ly." Cranes koyaushe suna rera duet - tsuntsu ɗaya yana fara waƙa da sirinji “hens”, na biyun kuma zaro “ly”. Lokacin da tsuntsayen ke raira waƙa da launin fata, ana samun karin waƙoƙi mai gudana, wanda a sarari yake jin kalmar "kurly". Idan tsuntsu ya kada kuri'arsa shi kadai, zai zama kawai sautin "hens".
A cikin lokacin mating, mace da namiji suna raira waƙoƙi masu raira waƙoƙi tare da haɗa kalmomin "skoko-ko-sko-skoko-koko". Ana rera waƙar da fitowar rana kuma ana kwanciyar hankali tare da fuskantar faɗuwar rana.
Gida
Qwai Crane a cikin gida
Dukkanin abokan biyu suna aiki tare da ginin gidan. An shirya nesting a ƙasa, a cikin ciyawar ciyawar. Gida an yi shi da busassun rassan busassun rassan da kuma ciyawar, a haɗa su da ruwan ciyawar. Gidan da aka gama shi ne kwano mai faɗi mara nauyi. Tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a cikin gida guda na shekaru da yawa. Kowace shekara bayan hunturu, tsuntsaye suna gyara mazaunin kuma suna zama a ciki.
Crane kajin
Crane kaza kawai ƙyanƙyashe daga kwai
A cikin kama, ƙwai biyu. Wasu nau'ikan suna da ƙwai 4-5. Duwatsu masu rayuwa a arewa suna da datti mai launin rawaya mai laushi. Tsuntsayen 'yan kudu suna ɗauke da fararen fata da launin shuɗi masu haske A qwai kowane nau'in cranes, tabo mai duhu mai launin shuɗi yana kasancewa akasari.
Hoton kursiyon cirin a cikin hannun mutum
'Ya'yan biyu sune iyayensu suka lalata su. Lokacin shiryawa yana kwana 28-31. Kyankyasai sun rigaya sun fara fitowa fili, bayan kwanaki 28 suna yin girbi. Launin fuka-fukin gashin kananan dabbobi yana ja, kawai a cikin shekaru biyu na rayuwa launin ya zama iri ɗaya ga cranes na manya. Matasa suna gani da kyau, suna da ƙwazo kuma suna ɗaukar matakan farko bayan kwanaki 7-10. An tsara yanayin yadda yakamata yadda ƙyallen maƙillan baƙi nan da nan suka zama abokan hamayya. Chickan itacen da ya fi ƙarfin girma da girma ya yi ƙoƙarin korar ɗan'uwansa ko 'yar'uwarsa daga gida ko tsotse shi. Da mako biyu, illolin kishiya ya shuɗe.
Inna da kajin
Tsuntsayen manya sun ciyar da cranes na tsawon watanni uku. Zuwa kwanaki 30 na rayuwa, kajin suna tashi daga reshe. Parentaramin marayi ya bar mahaifin yana da shekaru 2-2.5.
Iyalin crane sun hada da janare huɗu da nau'ikan 15. Wasu masana kimiyya sun haɗa a cikin gidan crane har yanzu sanannu na cranes na ƙaho da ƙaho. Koyaya, bisa ga rarrabuwa na ƙasa, waɗannan nau'ikan suna cikin wasu iyalai.
Crane na gama gari (Grus rubicunda)
Jirgin ruwan Australiya yana kwance kusa da ruwa
Bayyananniya: tsayin mutum namiji ya kai mita 1.5-1.8. Ranarancin Australia suna da ƙafafu mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, madaidaiciya mai dogon bakin launin shuɗi-launin shuɗi. Jikin jikin yana toshi, yana dige da fuka-fuki. Akwai wani ja mai ratsa jiki a wuyan wuyan, goiter baki, da idanun lemo. Rarraba: kirinjin Australia yana zaune a gabashin hemisphere kudu na masu daidaita - a Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea.
Fasali: cranes na wannan nau'in sunfi son cin tubers na tsire-tsire masu ciyawa.
Jafananci crane (Grus japonensis)
Dancing Cranes
Bayyanar gani: Cranes na Jafananci sunkai kilo 9, girma - har zuwa santimita 130. Launin cranes na Jafananci baƙi ne da fari. Jikin ya kasance fari fat, wutsiya da gaban wuya akwai baki. Akwai wani tabo ja a bayan kai. Kafa da idanu suna launin toka; beki mai launin shuɗi ne.
Rarraba: can itacen Jafanawa suna cikin rukunin tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. Gida a cikin wurare masu narkewa a Gabas ta Asiya (Far East da Japan). Hunturu a China, Koriya.
Atinganyen canji na cranes na Jafananci
Fasali: Kirinjin Jafananci - wani nau'in halitta mai saukin gaske da aka jera a cikin Littafin Rubutu. Wasu sunaye: Ussuri Crane ko Manchurian Crane.
Indian crane (Grus antigone)
Crane biyu
Bayyanarce: tsayin dutsen Indian ya kai santimita 180, kuma nauyin jikin 7 kilogram 12-12. Umarfafawar tsuntsayen Bluish na Indiya. A wuya mai launin toka ne, akwai rawaya mai launin shuɗi akan fikafikai, wutsiyar tana da ƙamshi. Kashi na sama na wuyansa, runtse da gefuna kai suna da ja, kambi ya yi kazanta, baki yana da launin toka, kafafu masu ruwan hoda.
Rarraba: ranan kyan gani na Indiya suna zaune a Arewacin Indiya, a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Smallan ƙaramar jama'a suna zaune a arewacin Ostiraliya.
Jirgin ruwa na Indiya yana neman abinci
Siffofi: bambanta matsayin uku na tsuntsayen Indiya tare da ilimin halittar jiki daban
- a.maganin ƙuraje - ana alamarin kasancewar farin gashin fuka-fukan a wuyansa da fararen gashin fuka-fukan.
- a. sharpii - plumage na tsuntsaye duhu launin ruwan kasa.
- a. gilli asalinsa ne na Ostiraliya.
Subsarancin ƙananan kuɗi: G. a. luzonica ƙungiya ce ta Filipino.
Garanna Crane (Grus americana)
Namijin mace da namiji
Bayyananniya: Tsuntsayen mita daya da rabi suna fentin fari. Kafafu suna launin toka-kore. Fuska da kambi mai launin shuɗi-baki, dogon beki mai duhu duhu launi.
Rarraba: jinsunan suna zaune a Arewacin Amurka. Yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa. Yana zaune a cikin ƙasa baki ɗaya tare da ciyayi mai yawa.
Wanda Crane ya Kama Kifi
Fasali: nau'ikan nau'ikan cranes, wanda aka jera a cikin littafin Red. Yawan jama'a suna zaune a yankuna masu kariya na Amurka.
Crown Crane (Bugeranus carunculatus)
Hoto na Abin Kunnen Abin Kunya
Bayyananniya: ranan murran zobe suna da fitacciyar bayyanar - a gindi daga baki akwai wasu kyawawan launuka biyu masu launin fata - launin '' 'yan kunne'. Gashin fuka-fukan a wutsiya, farawa da na baya baki ne baƙaƙen, babba na ciki farare da baƙar fata. Kafafu suna launin toka, idanu suna ja.
Rarraba: bayyanar shuru. Tana zaune a Yammaci da Afirka ta Kudu.
Fasali: daya kadai daga cikin nau'ikan crane na Afirka guda shida, wadanda suka fi dogaro kan kasancewar mahalli mazaunin maye.
Grey Crane (Grus na goge, ko Grus communis)
Grey crane a cikin jirgin
Bayyananniya: jiki yana fentin launin toka, a kan wutsiyar ciyawa akwai launin ruwan kasa da inuwa baki. Gaban wuya yana da launin toka mai duhu. Akwai wani tabo ja a bayan kai. Idanun ja. "Ganya" - kafaffun fuka-fukan - gashin launin toka. Kafafu suna baki kuma baki mai haske. Fentin mace mai launin toka mai launin fenti mai launin shuɗi.
Rarraba: kifin launin toka yana zaune a Eurasia, hunturu a kudanci na Afirka, a Arewacin Afirka, a Indiya da Saudi Arabia.
Farkon hunturu da launin toka
Siffofi: ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan cirin da aka fi sani, kodayake, adadin nau'in tsuntsayen launin toka yana raguwa sosai. Dalilin haka shine raguwa a wuraren da suka dace da farauta, bushewar koguna da fadama.
Siberian Crane ko Farar Crane (Grus leucogeranus)
Cranes biyu na Siberian a cikin Meadow
Bayyanar yanayi: tsuntsu mai matsakaici (tsayi har zuwa santimita 140, nauyi - kilo 5-8), tare da jiki mai santsi, gajerun kafafu da gajere. Jikin jikinsa fari, fuska tayi launin ja, kafafu sunyi launin shuɗi, gemu mai duhu ja.
Rarraba: farin farin kwano suna zaune a arewacin Rasha. Ana fuskantar barazanar kera kera motoci kuma an jera su akan Babban littafin duniya.
Sterkh a cikin fadama
Fasali: Tsarin Siberian suna da baki mai ban mamaki - hakora masu yawa suna tare da gefen ciki wanda tsuntsun ya sami damar kama kifin mai santsi da hawaye mai zurfi a ƙasa.
Daurian Crane (Grus vipio)
Hoton Daurian Crane
Bayyanarce: Gangar, wutsiya da gaban wuya ana fentin su a cikin launin toka mai duhu. Koma bayan wuya da kai sun yi fari. A kusa da idanu suna fallasa futtuna masu ja. Kafafu suna ruwan hoda, baki mai launin toka-kore.
Rarraba: ranan wasan Daurian suna zaune a Mongolia, China, Koriya ta Kudu.
Siffofi: Wani nau'in halittar da ba a sani ba, adadin shine tsuntsaye 4900-5300.
Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis)
Kananan katako a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi
Bayyananniya: ranan murfin Kanada suna da ganga mai fasali da kuma ƙafafu na bakin ciki mai tsayi, wuyansa yana gajarta. Gefen yana da kauri na matsakaici matsakaici. Launin jikin yana launin ruwan kasa. A wuya ne launin toka-kore, kafafu baƙi ne. Yankunan da ke kewaye da idanu masu launin ja ne. Matsakaicin nauyin tsuntsu shine kilo 4, tsayi - santimita 120.
Rarraba: Keɓaɓɓun rukunin Canadianan Kanada suna zaune ne a arewacin Amurka da kuma a Chukotka.
Siffofi: nau'ikan nau'ikan cranes. Yawan mazaunan tsuntsaye shine tsuntsaye dubu 650.
Cree mai launin baki (Grus nigricollis)
Can kirin mai baƙar fata ya fasa fikafikan sa
Bayyananun: tsuntsaye tare da jiki mai dorewa, kwance a sama da kuma wuya mai wuya. Jikin yana fentin launin toka, kai tare da wuya da kuma babban wutsiya baƙi ne. Akwai tabewar maroon a saman idanun. Kafa da idanu baki ne.
Rarraba: tsuntsaye suna zaune a Tibet, China da Indiya. Jagorancin zaman kan gado. Da wuya a samu a Alps.
Hoto na wani murfi mai launin baƙi a farkon hunturu
Fasali: katako mai launin baki ba sa tsoron mutane, saboda haka sukan zauna a kusa da gidajen mutane.
Demoiselle Crane, Demoiselle ko Can Crane (Anthropoides virgo)
Belladonna hoto kusa
Bayyananiya: ƙaramin memba na gidan crane. Girman tsuntsu bai wuce kilo uku ba, tsayin crane shine santimita 85-90. Plarfin jiki yana smoky. Gashin fuka-fukan a karkashin wutsiya, a wuyansa da kai baƙi ne. A kirji akwai madaukai na gashin fuka-fukan gashin baki.
Rarraba: akwai ƙabilu shida masu yawa da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasashe 47 na duniya. An lura da mafi yawan adadin ƙananan keɓaɓɓu a cikin Rasha, Asia ta Tsakiya, da Afirka. Nau'i biyu na belladonna gida a Turkiyya.
Belladonna da kandami
Fasali: karamar crane, ba kamar 'yan uwanta' yan dangi ba, sun gwammace su zauna a filayen bude tare da ciyayi mai yawa.
Crane na Aljanna, Demoiselle ko Stanley Crane (Anthropoides paradiseus)
Crane na aljanna yana neman abinci don kansa
Bayyanar yanayi: tsuntsu mai tsayin mita tare da nauyin jikinsa na kilo 2-2.5. Tana da babban kai, gajeren kunkuntar baki, tsokar jiki da dogon wutsiya. Launin fure - dukkan tabarau na launin toka.
Rarraba: katafaren aljanna wanda ke zaune a yankuna na kudanci na Afirka, musamman kashi 99% na tsuntsaye suna zaune a Afirka ta Kudu, wani ɗan ƙaramin gida ne a Namibiya.
Crane na Aljanna a cikin M filin
Siffofi: winan wasan bera na belladonna na tsauni. A lokacin rani, nests akan gona.
Karshen Kurciya ta Gabas (Biyar ta Balearica)
Cree ta Gabas ta Cire a cikin Flight
Bayyanar jiki: tsuntsaye har zuwa santimita 120 na sama, nauyin jikin - kilogiram 3-4. Plarshe na baya da ciki shine launin toka-shuɗi tare da wuyan wuta. Ofarshen fikafikan su fari. Fuka-fukin launin shuɗi da ja sunyi girma akan wutsiya. Oron kambi yana kan bangon kai. Dogayen kafafu suna launin toka, gajeren lokacin farin ciki baki ne.
Rarraba: kirinin da aka tanadi gabas na zaune galibi a gabashin Afirka. Dubawa mai saurin ganewa.
Biyu daga Creees na Gabas
Siffofi: yawancin cranes suna jagorantar salon rayuwa na nomadic. Tsuntsayen suna yin ƙaura lokacin yanayi ne kawai a cikin mazauninsu, tashi sama kusa da jikin ruwa.
Black Crane (Grusmonacha)
Baƙar fata ya sha ruwa daga tafkin
Bayyananniya: matsakaicin tsayin tsuntsu 1 mita, nauyin jikin - kilogram 2.8-3.5. Jikin ya baki ne, wuyansa da kai fari ne. Goshin ya baki ne, dogon dogo, bera mai haske ne launin ruwan kasa. Kafafu suna launin toka.
Rarraba: ƙaramin yanki na crane mai baƙar fata (a cikin duniya akwai tsuntsaye 9.5 dubu) mafi yawa a cikin mazauna Rasha. Ana samun ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a China da Koriya ta Kudu.
Hoton wani katafaren bulo na fata
Siffofi: waɗannan tsuntsayen suna jagorantar rayuwa mai ɓoye, mafi yawa a cikin mafi yawan wuraren da ba za'a iya amfani da su ba a saman kumburin sphagnum na taiga. A farkon ɓoye ɓoyayyen suturar fata an gano shi a 1974. Rarearancin da ba a sani ba, wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Layi.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da cranes
Hoto na wani karamin murfi na fata kusa
- Crane yana daya daga cikin tsoffin tsuntsayen duniya. A cewar masana ilimin kimiya na tarihi, wadannan tsuntsayen suna da kusan shekaru miliyan 60 da haihuwa.
- A Sin da Afirka, kirinin tsuntsayen tsuntsu ne.
- A gabas, cranes ana nuna su a zaman alama ta tsawon rai, jin daɗin aure, aminci da ƙauna.
- Jirgin katanga shine tsuntsu mafi tsayi a cikin duniya wanda zai iya tashi.
- Homelandasar mahaifar cranes shine Arewacin Amirka.
- Kuma a cikin Rasha, katanga alama ce ta amincin aure.
- Manyan abokan hamayya na yau da kullun sune kyarkeci, dawakai, dawakai, bear, gaggafa.
- A shekara ta 1973, ƙungiyoyin ba da agaji na dabba na Amurka sun kafa asusun kare kariyar crane na duniya.