Kwandon Venus, ko Euplectella aspergillum - ofaya daga cikin mafi kyawun gizo-gizo. Zai zama mafi daidai a faɗi cewa wannan soso yana da mafi kyawun kasusuwa, wanda aka gabatar da shi a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan buɗe ido na abubuwan kwarangwal. Kasusuwa na Kwando na Venus ana ɗaukarsa ado ne mai mahimmanci da kuma mafarki na tarin masu tarin yawa, kuma godiya gareshi soso ɗin ya sami irin wannan ƙauna. Uniqueaƙƙarfan layinta na skearfin kwarangwal, kamar kwandon kwalliya, an saka shi daga zaruruwa na bakin ciki, kuma yana iya taɓa allolin kyakkyawa, ƙauna da lambuna - Venus.
Bayanin farko na wannan halitta shine sanannen shahararren masanin ilimin kimiyyar dabbobi na turanci kuma masanin ilimin kimiyyar burbushin halitta Sir Richard Owen yayi a shekarar 1841, yayin karatun fauna na Philippines.
Euplectella aspergillum na cikin tawagar Lyssacinosidakunshe a cikin aji na shida-rayed ko gilashin gizo-gizo (Hexactinellida ko Hyalospongia) Kyau Euplectella a halin yanzu sun haɗu da kusan tsiran 15 na soso, wanda jita-jita ya kira Basketets na Venus don kyakkyawa da alherin tsarin ƙwanƙolin.
Waɗannan dabbobi ne na yau da kullun, yawancinsu kawai, ba galibi 'yan mulkin mallaka, suna zaune a wurare masu zurfi - daga zurfin 100 m zuwa kilomita, amma, sun fi son daidaitawa a zurfin 400-600 m.
Za a iya samun kwandon 'yan kwando na Venus a cikin yankuna na gabashin Tekun Indiya da yamma a Tekun Pacific, galibi a cikin tsaunuka. Musamman sanannen saboda gilashin gilashin ruwa na ruwa a yankin tarin tsibirin Filibi. Mafi sau da yawa Basan wasan kwanduna suna zaune a cikin yankuna masu zurfi na yankin shiryayye na nahiyoyi da tsibiran.
Gilashin gilashin suna cikin dabbobi na da daɗewa - burbushin kasusuwarsu tun daga zamanin Silurian, watau, yana da shekaru akalla miliyan 420 - 4040.
Ba a karancin rayuwar waɗannan dabbobin ba, tunda ana samun kwandunan Venus a zurfi. Kamar kowane soso, su dabbobi marasa kan gado ne waɗanda ke haɗe da dutse mai ƙarfi ko dutse a ƙasan ƙasa. Abincin a gare su shine ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma rayayyun halittu suna cikin ruwan da soso ɗin yake ratsa shi ta jikin jikin ta.
Soso Kwandon Venus yana da sashin silima, tushen abin shine kasusuwan silsila na allurai shida da aka zana. Haskoki na allura suna kangara a cikin jirage uku da suka saba wa juna, kuma ana samun allura tare da haskoki mara nauyi. Siffar silsila a zahiri tana kama da gilashi, don haka Basket ɗin Venus, kamar yadda, hakika, da yawa wasu wakilan ɓangaren soyayyen aji shida, suna tabbatar da sunan ajin sa - gilashin gilashi.
Wadannan dabbobin suna cire abubuwan silicic acid daga bakin ruwa kuma suna canza su zuwa silica, suna samar da hadaddun tsarin kwarangwal na zaren giram. Mafi kauri daga cikin abubuwan da suke tattare da wannan firam din bazai zama mai kauri sama da na dan adam ba, saboda wannan ne kwarangwal din gilashin gilashi ke da taushi da kauri.
Tsayin jikin mutum na yawancin nau'ikan kwando na Venus bai wuce 10-20 cm ba, amma zai iya kaiwa fiye da 30 cm (bisa ga wasu kafofin - har zuwa 120 cm). A kwarangwal dinsa akwai faɗaɗɗun baki, wanda a cikin tsofaffi yake rufewa tare da buɗe murfin kwarangwal.
An rufe kwarangwal din soso tare da harsashi mai laushi, wanda aka wakilta da epithelium, mesoglay, a cikin kauri wanda akwai wasu nau'ikan sel da halayyar yawancin sponges. Ya kamata a sani kawai cewa mesogley na gilashin gilashin ba su da ƙwayoyin myocyte, halayen sponges na wasu azuzuwan. Kauri daga mesogley tsakanin sel keɓaɓɓu yana shiga ta hanyar canals na da ɗakuna tare da tsawon sa, ƙasan ciki wanda aka lullube da choanocytes - sel mai walƙiya wanda ke tura ruwa ta tashoshi ta jikin soso.
Musamman symbiosis na Venus Basket tare da zurfin shrimps mai zurfi da kuma wasu nau'o'in crustaceans sun kafa tushen kyakkyawan al'adar Jafananci - don ba da sabon da zai zama kwarangwal na wannan soso tare da wasu crustaceans zauna a cikin kogon danshi na bikin.
Cananan crustaceans suna shiga cikin rami ta bakin soso kuma suna rayuwa a can, suna cin abubuwan da ke jikin choanocytes da ruwa. A cikin kwandon Venus, shrimps da crustaceans suna jin aminci, wadataccen abinci da wadataccen ruwa, don haka ba sa jin sha'awar barin majiɓincinsu, suna kwanciya cikin kogin soso na dogon lokaci. Bayan wani lokaci, shrimp ya girma ya zama fursunoni na kwandon kwarangwal na Venus, saboda ba za su iya barin ta ta hanyar buɗe bakin bakin bakin ba. Koyaya, shrimps (kuma koyaushe akwai ma'aurata daga cikinsu - namiji da mace) ba su damu da wannan ba - suna jin daɗin girma a cikin “ɗaurin kurkuku”. Suna haihuwar righta rightan dama a cikin “kurkukun” su, kuma ƙananan shrimps suna iyo ta bakin soso, galibi suna neman mafaka wanda yayi kama da "gidan iyayen". 
A cewar masana kimiyyar halittar, shrimp feed a cikin rami na Venus Basket ba wai kawai “scraps” na bikin ba - ya bayyana cewa a cikin duhun zurfin soso yana iya fitar da haske, yana jawo mafi karancin dabbobi, wanda ya zama ganima ba wai kawai soso ba, har ma da masu siyar dashi. Crustaceans suna wanzuwa su zauna a soso har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakinsu, tare da rike amintar aure ga matansu. Wannan gaskiyar ita ce ta zama dalilin bayyanar da al'adar da aka ambata a sama - don ba wa waɗanda suka yi aure sabon aure kwando na Kwando tare da wasu ɓoye-ɓoye na ciki, alama ce ta amincin aure.
A bayyane yake, shari'ar dangantakar symbiotic da aka gabatar anan yakamata a danganta ga jituwa, tunda babu wata fa'ida da aka gano don soso daga haɗuwa da crimaceans da shrimps, kuma babu wata lahani, aƙalla, a bayyane.
Abin sha'awa shine masana ilimin kimiyyar lissafi suka zama masu sha'awar kwarangwal na gilashin gilashin - abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin tsarin wannan tsari daidai yake da bukatun warin fiber optic. Kayan fasahar samarwa na fiber na gani yana da alaƙa da zazzabi mai zafi, wanda yasa wahalar sarrafa inganci da kaddarorin kayan da aka samo.
Gilashin gilashi suna fitar da “fiber” ɗumbin zurfinsu, inda zazzabi bai wuce digiri 2-10 ba. C. Canja wurin wadannan dabbobi da fasaha don kera kwarangwal silica a yanayin zafi kadan, masana ilimin kimiyya zasu iya samun mafi kyawun zarra da kayan.
Kari akan haka, kasusuwa na gilashin gilashin na iya taimakawa wajen samar da abubuwan da zasu iya amfani da hasken rana da araha.
Amma a halin yanzu kwarangwal ɗin Kwandon Venus na da ƙima mafi girma kamar kayan ado na kayan ado mai ban sha'awa waɗanda yanayi ya halitta.
Dubi abin da "Venus Basket" yake a cikin wasu ƙamus.
Umarni Cremornog sponges (Cornacuspongida) - The mafi girma rukuni na soso. Waɗannan su ne mafi yawan laushi na roba siffofin. Sokarin kashinsu an samu ne ta hanyar allura mara amfani. Akwai koyaushe ɗaya ko adadin adadin spongin, wanda tare da allura aka glued tare cikin daure ko fiber ... Encyclopedia Biology
Oda (Hexasterophora) - Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da sponges gilashi, wanda microsclera ke wakilta ta hanyar hexasters daban-daban. Sau da yawa manyan allurai na waɗannan sosogin, da suke haɗuwa da juna, suna haifar da kwarangwal a cikin hanyar lattin sararin samaniya. Wakilin wakilai ... ... Encyclopedia Biology
Haske-kushe shida - ko gilashin gilashin (Hexactinellidae ko Hyalospongia) wani yanki na sponges na silicon ko silicispongia. Ana kwatanta su da kasancewar kashin da ya ƙunshi allura uku, ko kuma akasin haka, nau'in katako shida. Yawancin waɗannan allura ana siyar da su tare kuma ... ... F.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus da I.A. Efron
Tsarin dabbobin. IYALI DA CLASSES - A cikin tsarin rarrabuwa na zamani, masarautar dabbobi (Animalia) an kasu gida biyu; masarauta: Parazoi (Parazoa) da multicellular na gaskiya (Eumetazoa, ko Metazoa). Guda da nau'in soso guda ɗaya ne kawai ga parasites. Ba su da ainihin kyallen takarda da gabobin, ... ... Encyclopedia Collier
shida-jaws - (gilashin gilashin), wani yanki na dabbobi masu inuwa da ruwa kamar su. Kasusuwan ya kunshi allurar tashi mai nauyi 6. Kimanin nau'ikan 500, a zurfin 100 m ko fiye zuwa matsanancin-abyssal, a Rasha akwai nau'ikan 34. * * * Soso shida mai soshi mai leshi guda shida ... ... ictionaryamus na Encyclopedic
Haske-kushe shida -? Lebe mai faɗi shida ... Wikipedia
Hallucinogenic mai wasan kwallon raga - Salvador Dali Hallucinogenic bullfighter, 1968 70 Man akan zane. 398.8 × 299.7 cm Salvador Dali Museum, St. Petersburg ... Wikipedia
Hallucinogenic Torrero - Salvador Dali Hallucinogenic Torrero, 1968 70 ... Wikipedia
Venus de Milo tare da masu zane - Salvador Dali Venus de Milo tare da masu zane, 1936 Venus de Milo tare da Drawers Gypsum. Height: 98 cm tarin "Venus de Milo tare da Drawers" sassaka ... Wikipedia
Menene banbanci tsakanin kwandon Venus da sauran wakilan soso?
Waɗannan dabbobin suna kama suna kama da jirgin ruwa da aka saƙa daga filayen iska. A waje, soso yana kama da kwandon shara. Kasusuwan dabbar ta dogara ne da abin da ya ƙunshi silicon. Ya ƙunshi allurai masu haskoki da yawa, saboda haka soso mallakar wani gilashi ne - bayan komai, ƙasusuwarsa da alama ba za a iya gani ba, kuma a maimakon sa akwai "yadin da aka saka mai laushi".
Abincin abinci na Venus da kwandunan rayuwa
Wakilan wannan nau'in sun gwammace su jagoranci salon rayuwa. Bangarorin kwanduna sune ban da dokar. Yanke babban zurfin, a haɗe zuwa duwatsu da sauran magudanan ruwa. Jagoranci, don mafi yawan bangare, salon tsinkaye.
Kwanduna suna ciyar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Abincin don kwandunan Venus nau'ikan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne, har ma da sauran abubuwan da suka rage. Soso yana tuki abinci a jikinsa, ta hanyar wadatar da jikin abinci mai gina jiki.
Dukiya mai amfani na gizo-gizo domin mutum da kuma duniyar kimiyya
Abin mamaki shine, a kallon farko, wadannan halittu na farko suna aiki a matsayin ginshikin kimiya na musamman, musamman kimiyyar lissafi. Masana kimiyya a duk faɗin duniya sun kammala cewa gilashin gilashin (kuma musamman kwandunan Venus) misali ne na ƙirƙirar sabon ƙarni na fiber na gani.
Kwandon Venus yana da tsari mai katako shida.
Idan aka kalli waɗannan mazaunan ƙasa, masana kimiyya suna ƙoƙarin karɓar ikon gina sikirin silicon a rikodin ƙananan yanayin zafi (bayan haka, a cikin zurfin zurfin, zazzabi ya tashi daga digiri 2 zuwa 10).
Kwandunan Venus ma yana da kima a jiki, saboda kashinsa kayan tarihi ne mai mahimmanci, har ma da ado.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da kwandon Venus
Traditionaya daga cikin al'adar Jafananci na da alaƙa da waxannan ruwan tsintsaye, ƙin amincin miji da mata. Kuma al'ada ta tafi daga inda: kwandon Venus yana da symbiosis mai ban sha'awa tare da jatan lande da ƙananan crustaceans. Kasancewa tun yana ɗan ƙarami, waɗannan ɓarna suna shiga cikin kwandon kuma su ci gaba da kasancewa har zuwa lokacin da suka balaga, saboda ƙasusuwar soso ta zame musu wani "gida" a gare su. Amma idan shrimprim ko crustaceans suka yi girma, suna zama “shinge” har abada, saboda ba za su iya fita ba.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa sabon aure a ranar bikin aure ya yanke shawarar ba da kwando na Venus tare da wasu ɓawon ciki na ciki don matasa har abada su kasance masu rarrabewa.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
A ina nezurorin da ake kira kwandunan Venus suke zaune?
Ana iya samun waɗannan halittun a cikin ruwan yamma na tekun Pacific da kuma yankuna na gabashin Tekun Indiya.
Fi son kwandunan Venus don daidaitawa a wurare masu zafi. Musamman yawancinsu kusa da tsibirin Philippine.
Siffofin kulawa da kwandon fure
Abun cikin kwanduna suna buƙatar kulawa ta daban daban fiye da yadda ake girke-girke na gargajiya. Babban bambancin asali shine cewa a farkon lamari ba'a buƙaci kashin mara ruwa, wanda ke nufin cewa babu buƙatar tsamewa kwandon da ruwa ta amfani da samfuran chlorine.
Don yin kagaggun cikin kwanduna, masu fulawa masu sana'a suna amfani da soso na musamman - bioflora, wanda waje ne gaba daya wanda ba a gan shi. An sanya shi a kasan kwandon. Abubuwan da ke amfani da shi yana ɗaukar danshi kuma suna riƙe da danshi sosai, don haka yake ciyar da shuka na dogon lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, soso yana taimakawa ƙirƙirar da kuma kula da siffar abin da ake so. Mafi shahararrun siffofin bioflora:
Yadda za a kula da furanni a cikin kwandon tare da soso ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki da gumi a cikin dakin da kyautar take. A cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi da ƙarancin zafi, ruwa daga bioflora da sauri yana bushewa, don haka kuna buƙatar sake cika ruwa cikin yanayin lokaci.
Yadda ake shayar da abun da ke ciki
Dole ne a shayar da tsire-tsire a cikin kwandon kowace rana. Idan dakin yayi zafi - sau da yawa. Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da ruwa na tsaye. An ba da shawarar shayar da furanni tare da ruwan famfo. Fi dacewa, ruwan ya kamata ya zauna na kimanin awanni biyu.
Amma ga zafin jiki na ban ruwa ruwa, ya kamata ba tsayi. Mafi kyau duka - zazzabi dakin ko ƙaramin ƙasa. Ruwa mai sanyi yana saurin aiwatar da buɗewar fure, yayin da ruwan zafi, akasin haka, yana haɓaka sama.
Yadda za a ba da furanni a cikin kwandon a soso? Zaka iya amfani da:
- kwalban talakawa tare da bakin ciki,
- karamin ruwa na iya
- a teapot tare da kunkuntar hanci.
Babban dokar shi ne hana hana ruwa kaiwa kan kawunansu shuka. Kuna iya kuma yakamata a wanke ganyen daga ƙura sau ɗaya kowace fewan kwanaki. Don yin wannan, a hankali shafa su da zane mai bushe.
Doka mai mahimmanci don kulawa da kwandon fure
Don adana bouquet ya fi tsayi a cikin lokacin dumi, cire abun da ke ciki na dare a kan baranda. Kar a manta a shafa ƙura kuma a yi ɗakin tsabtatawa a gida. Yi ƙoƙarin cire motsin sauti mai ƙarfi daga ɗakin (an tabbatar da cewa hayaniya baya da kyau kuma yana wucewa cikin sauri).
- adana tsire-tsire kusa da 'ya'yan itatuwa na dogon lokaci (ƙarshen ya fara sakin ammoniya na tsawon lokaci),
- ja fure daga soso,
- saka kwanduna kusa da tushen zafin,
- ruwa da shuka shuka da ruwa.
Wannan shi ne duk. Ba lallai ba ne ya zama ƙwararren fulawa kwararru domin tsire-tsire su faranta muku rai muddin ya yiwu. Duk hanyoyin da ke sama ba za su ɗauki fiye da minti 5-10 na lokacinku ba.
Kula kwalin filawa
Furanni a cikin akwatin hat suna buƙatar daidai da kulawa kamar furanni a cikin kwandon sai dai wasu bayanai. Da fari dai, kar a cire furannin daga inda ake, ana iya cewa zaku iya saka su a ciki. Abu na biyu, yi amfani da ruwa can tare da dogon kunkuntar spout saboda kada ku jiƙa kwalin yayin shayarwa. Wasu masu fulawa suna amfani da sirinji don wannan. Abu na uku, zai fi kyau a cire ganyen da ya fadi akan soso saboda kar su fara jujjuyawa. Ana iya sake amfani da soso na fure daga kwandon ko kwalin. Bayan furanni ya bushe, dole ne a wanke shi da bushe, sannan kawai sai a sake tsoma shi cikin ruwa.
Siffofin kulawa da nau'ikan furanni iri iri da aka yanke
Amma shin kun san cewa furanni daban-daban suna buƙatar kulawa daban kuma zasu iya tsayawa a soso ko gilashin fure domin lokuta daban-daban. Misali, fure na iya tsayawa a soso har tsawon kwanaki 30 idan kun shayar da shi da ruwan da aka tafasa. Cloves za su faranta maka rai na sati biyu ba tare da kulawa ta musamman ba. Furanni na bazara kamar irises, tulips da daffodils suna son danshi mai sanyi. Soso da suke a ciki za'a iya kiyaye shi da kankara kankara. Amma peonies suna son ruwan dumi, don ban ruwa ana iya shayar dasu, ko nace zuwa zazzabi dakin. Freesias ya tafi ba dai-dai ba, wadancan rassan da suka bushe kafin hakan dole ne a cire su daga abubuwan da aka sanya. Hippeastrum ba shine mafi yawan furanni ba; yana iya tsayawa a soso na tsawon mako guda. Orchids suna da hankali sosai: idan kun tsallake kan toho lokacin da za ku yi ruwa, to ruwan da ya faɗo kan magunan zai iya haifar da aibobi.
Kula da Tulip
Abun fure na tulips a cikin kwalin hat ya bambanta da sauran a cikin cewa soso fure ba ta dace da ƙasan ba. Tuli yana nannade tare da fim na ruwa da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ke nufin cewa irin wannan bouquet na iya tsayawa ba tare da tsoma baki ba don kwana ɗaya kawai. Kashegari, ya kamata ku fitar da furanni daga cikin akwati, kurkura, yanke da wuri a cikin gilashin fure tare da gudana, amma an tsayar da ruwa kuma ƙara cakuda abinci mai gina jiki.
wani irin nazarin "mai ƙima" ... kamar dai cikin sauri wani wuri
