Nau'in kwaro: Kwayar Cannabis
Jere: Coleoptera - Coleoptera
Iyali: ganye irin ƙwaro - Chrysomelidae
An samo shi ko'ina, musamman cutarwa a cikin yankin na narkar da hemp. Damage hemp, hops.
Irin ƙwaro 1.8-2.6 mm a cikin girman, kore-tagulla, antennae tare da sassan 10, tibia, tarsus, da kuma kwalin elytra ja, layi daban. Kwai mai kyau, 0.4 mm a girma, mai rawaya mai haske. Tsutsa - 3-3.5 mm, launin rawaya-fari, na bakin ciki, oblong, shugaban a bayyane yake, jikin mutum ya rufe da sikirin, yana da setae, shugaba, farkon thoracic da sassan karshe na ciki mai launin shuɗi.
Tsofaffi marasa balaguron ƙasa suna yin kangama a kan bishiyoyin hemp ko a wurare masu ciyayi da ciyayi a cikin ƙasa, a zurfin 10-15 cm. Suna iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi ƙasa zuwa -25 ° C. Sun bar wuraren hunturu a watan Afrilu. Bugu da ƙari, suna ciyar da ganyayyaki na nettle, hop, sannan hemp massally ƙaura zuwa matakan. Bayan ƙarin ciyarwa, wanda ya wuce kwanaki 12-15, manya suka aure kuma suka fara kwan ƙwai a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 8-10 cm. Haihuwa ta kai ƙwai 300. Larvae regenerated a cikin kwanaki 6-20 ciyar a kan tushen for 21-40 kwana. Pupation a cikin ƙasa a zurfin 1 zuwa 8-10 cm. Pupa yana tasowa daga kwanaki 6-7 zuwa 15. Siffofi kafin ya tafi don hunturu (Satumba) ku ci abinci a saman ganyayyaki kuma ku ci fitar 'yan cirani. Bayan tattara hemp ci gaba da ciyar a kan fata na mai tushe ta bushe ta bushe.
Lalacewa ta haifar da manya da larvae. Manya sun fashe cikin cotyledonous, kuma daga baya a cikin ganyayyaki na hakika, karami ta hanyar ramuka, gnaw seedlings a saman ƙasa. Larvae gnaw da asalinsu.
Matakan kariya. Tarin tattarawa da ƙone ragowar girbi. Halakar da seedlings of hemp da sako carrion. Tare da yawan maza 15 a cikin tsire-tsire 10 - lura da hemp seedlings tare da kwari.
Siffofin Bayyanar Su
Qwai ne m a siffar, ƙanana - a tsawon kai game da 0.5 millimeters. Launi na ƙwai hemp ƙwaya yana da rawaya mai guba.
Tsutsa tana da tsutsa-tsutsa-da-biri, kuma tana da nau'i-nau'i nau'i uku. Launin tsutsa ba shi da haske kamar na kwai - launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. Jikin yana da adadi mai yawa na gashi. Jikin tsutsa ya yi laushi.
Hemp ƙwari shine kwaro.
Girman ƙwayoyin tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta na iya zuwa milimita 2.5. Beetanɗar ƙwayoyin tsofaffin bayyane suna bayyana a rana, saboda suna da koren halitta mai launin tagulla. Paws, ƙananan ƙafafu da eriya mai haske ja.
Hemp ƙwanƙwasawa
Larvae ajiye a kaka, ciyar da hunturu a cikin dalibi mataki. Wintering yana faruwa a zurfin game da santimita 15. Sun bayyana a farfajiya a watan Afrilu.
Hemp fleas suna cikin ƙwayoyin ganye.
Juveniles suna kai hari ga hops matasa. Karnukan da suka sami saurin kashewa suna neman nemo kofan hemp. Bayan makonni 2, mutane suna shirye don daskarewa. Mace sa ƙwai a cikin ƙasa, nutsar da su zuwa zurfin kusan santimita 10. Oneaya mace tana kawo ƙwai 300 a duk tsawon rayuwarta.
Daga cikinsu, a rana ta 20, an zabi larvae. Larvae ciyar a kan hemp asalinsu. Haɓaka larvae suna motsawa zuwa wani sabon matakin - pupae, alhali basu bar wuraren zama ba.
Matsayin dalibi yana ɗaukar kwanaki 20. Beetanyen ƙwaro suna fitowa daga pupae, waɗanda ke cin saman ganye da ƙwayayen hemp, waɗanda basu da lokacin isa da girma.
Hemp ƙafar ya cutar da shi
Ko bayan girbi hemp, beetles ya kasance akan tsire-tsire.
Manya sun fasa adadin ramuka a cikin hujin hemp. Sau da yawa sukan kawo ganyayyaki zuwa yanayin kwarangwal. Idan yanayin yayi sanyi, to hemp fleas suna tafiya ƙarƙashin ƙasa na sama, inda suka fara ciyar da ƙananan sassan tsirrai. Larvae na rayayye cutar da tushen tsire-tsire, yayin da suke lalata tsakiyar tushen sashi.
Hemp fleas haifar da mummunar lalacewar hemp. Suna lalata tsire-tsire, sakamakon abin da haɓakar su ke raguwa, yawan ƙwayar tsaba yana raguwa sosai. Idan hemp fleas suna cinye ganye mai yawa, inji yakan mutu sau da yawa, musamman idan yayi girma a cikin yanayin bushewa.
Kwayar hemp kwari ce da aka saba da ita.
Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.
Hemp ƙafar sake zagayowar rayuwa da ganewa
Asan balagagge manya ne kwari tare da jikin kore mai launin shuɗi tare da shehin tagulla. Suna da elliptical ko m a cikin sifa tare da tsawon ƙarancin ƙasa da 2,5 mm. Lokacin da damuwa, suna yin amfani da kafafunsu mai ƙarfi don bunƙasa. Wings (elytra) an buga su ba zato ba tsammani, da kuma manyan kafafu (tibia) duhu.
Irin ƙwaro na Hemp yana da ƙarni ɗaya a cikin shekara, kodayake manya sun bayyana sau biyu a lokacin girma. A cikin bazara, tsofaffin overwintered sun bayyana waɗanda ke ciyar da ƙwayar hemp. A cikin kaka, shi ne zuriyar wintering manya da ciyar a kan ganye, mai tushe da iri kusoshin na shuka.
Fleas hunturu kamar yadda manya a cikin ganye ganye, ciyawa da tarkace a karkashin shinge, bel gandun daji, kuma a ragowar hemp.
A cikin ganyayyaki da suka bushe ƙarancin ƙurar ƙwaya zai iya isa zuwa 140-250 beetles / m2.
Bayan an ɗora daga zuriyar dabbobi daga ganyayyaki, ana buƙatar ƙarin kwanaki 5-11 kafin ƙungiyar farko ta fara aiki. Ya danganta da yawan zafin jiki, yana iya ɗaukar makwanni uku kafin duka manya a lokacin hunturu su bar wuraren hunturu.
Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya wuce 14 ° C, kwari suna iya mamaye filayen, suna kai hare-hare kamar yadda suka bayyana.
Kwanciya ƙwai yana farawa daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Mayu kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen watan Yuni. Smallan ƙananan ƙaramin kwari na iya ci gaba da kwanƙwai ƙwai har zuwa farkon watan Agusta.
Mating yana farawa bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci na ƙarin ciyar. Mace tayi ƙwai a cikin ƙasa kusa da tsire-tsire masu watsa shiri zuwa zurfin cm 8. Yawan haihuwa shine kusan ƙwai 300. Ya hadu da kwan a cikin kwanaki 6-20. Mafi kyawun danshi daga ƙasa don tayi tayi kusan 40%. Tsutsa yana da shekaru 3 kuma yana haɓaka cikin kwanaki 21-42. Pupation yana faruwa a cikin shimfiɗar ƙasa, ci gabansa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 6-34. Beetanyen ƙwaro baƙaƙe sukan bayyana a watan Agusta. A wannan lokacin, manya suna cinye ganyayyaki apical da m hemp tsaba. Diapause yana farawa a watan Satumba da Oktoba. Yawan yawa daga kwari ya dogara da yanayi yayin suttura, kan danshi na kasar gona a matakan kwai da tsutsa, har ma da abokan gaba.
Kwayar cutar
Damagearancin lalacewar seedlingsan seedlings ana iya tantance su ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka:
- m girma da balaga,
- rage yawan amfanin ƙasa,
- tsaba tare da babban abun ciki na chlorophyll.
A cikin kaka, yawan balagaggun ƙwayoyin hemp suna cin abinci a kan ƙananan ƙwayoyin zuriya, wanda ke sa su iya zama lalacewa kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar ƙananan ƙwayoyi da tsaba tare da babban abun ciki na chlorophyll.
Lalacewa
Adult hemp ƙwararren ƙwaro ƙwaya yana ciyar da saman ganye, mai tushe da ƙuƙwalwar ƙwaya kuma suna haifar da ƙananan ramuka. Jikin da yake rauni a qarshe ya lalace ya mutu. A kan ganye da cotyledons, ƙwayar da ta lalace ta karye kuma ta faɗi, yana ƙirƙirar ramuka. Irin ƙwaro gnaw yawa ramuka a kan ganye, wani lokacin skeletonizing su duka. A sakamakon haka, samar da ƙwayoyin hemp, raguwa a tsawon tsintsiya da tsawon lokacin ci gaban shuka yana jinkiri. Lalacewa ga cotyledonous ganye yana da haɗari sosai a cikin yanayin fari, wanda ya kai ga mutuwar shuki.
Mummunar mamaye abubuwa na iya lalata tsire-tsire, ganye na farko, petioles, da kuma tsiro mai tushe. Lalacewa yayin ciyarwa ya fi tsanani lokacin da ƙwayoyin cuta suka kai hari ga matakin haɓaka, saboda wannan yana iyakance ikon ɗan itacen ya murmure.
Idan zazzabi yayi sanyi a bazara, abincin fleas na iya zama mafi kusancin kusan ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da ɗaukar matasa mai tushe.
Lokacin fitowar mutum, babban asarar hemp da tsiron hop na iya faruwa idan yawan ƙuma ya yi yawa kuma area seedlingsan itace ne kaɗai ake samu. Tunanin amfanin gona da raguwar haɓakar haɓaka ta hanyar lalacewa ta fi ƙaranci a cikin makonni biyu na farko bayan fitowar su.
Matsakaici ko matsakaici kamuwa da cuta yana jinkirta ci gaban tsirrai kuma yana haifar da rashin girman kai. Bala'in amfanin gona mara kyau yana rage ingancin iri ko yawan amfanin ƙasa.
A cikin watannin bazara, ƙarancin lardi na ƙwararrun ƙwakwalwa suna ba da gudummawa don haifar da asara, ciyarwa a kan tushen tsirrai da tushen gashi.
Fleas wanda ya bayyana bayan tsakiyar watan Yuli na iya shafar haɓakar hemp.
Kulawa
A cikin kaka, ya zama dole don saka idanu kan fleas a cikin filin. Wannan ita ce alama ta farko ta yiwuwar matsaloli a damuna mai zuwa. Idan fleas suna da yawa, amfanin yakamata yayi la'akari sosai lokacin dasa shuki.
A cikin bazara, saka idanu da kuma kimanta lalacewar ganyen farko na gaskiya a kan hemp da hop seedlings a cikin kwanakin farko 14 bayan fitowar, musamman a rana, kwanakin kwantar da hankula idan zafin jiki ya wuce 15 ° C.
Ikon al'adu
Da ya fi girma da seedlings, da more za su iya yin tsayayya da raunin da ya faru daga ciyar da fleas da kansu. Don haɓakar farkon manyan tsire-tsire, masana'antun suna buƙatar amfani da tsirrai da tsirrai masu inganci. Lingsaya daga cikin ofan itacen dake da haɓaka iri daban-daban suna iya ɗaukar fleas waɗanda ke ciyar da fiye da seedlings seedlingsan da ke ƙasa mai kuzari.
Idan ana amfani da farkon shuka a hade tare da shuka kai tsaye a cikin ciyawa, ana samar da tsire-tsire tare da microclimate wanda ke ba da yanayin ƙasa mai laushi (wanda ke sauƙaƙe saurin shuka). Kodayake matsakaicin zafin jiki na ƙasa ba ya bambanta sosai a cikin filayen al'adu, amma ba a ƙarƙashin sauƙaƙewa mai ƙarfi, inda ake shuka amfanin gona daidai da hanyoyin da aka amince da su gabaɗaya. Fleas ya fi son yanayin da aka fallasa zuwa hasken rana mai haske kuma yana daɗaɗa zafi. Yin shuka kai tsaye yana samar da microclimate wanda bashi da inganci ga fleas.
Ratesara yawan shuka iri zai iya taimakawa rage tasirin hare-haren ƙuruciya. Ga yawan ƙuma, kasancewa da ƙarin tsire-tsire a yankin naúrar yana nufin cewa lalacewar ciyarwa da kowace shuka yana raguwa, kuma seedlingsawan seedlings na iya samun sauƙin sauƙin rauni.
Lokacin shuka, yaɗa sararin layi, kimanin 20 cm, Hakanan zai iya haifar da lessarancin lalacewa daga fleofan da kowace shuka. Kodayake dalilan wannan basu bayyana ba tukuna, fleas sun fi jawo hankali ga rage bambancin gani a tsakanin ciyayi da ƙasa, wanda ke faruwa tare da kunkuntar hanyoyi.
Juyawar Shuka ba hanya ce mai kyau ba ta magance tarin fleas; tsofaffi hunturu a ciki da wajen wuraren da aka shuka kuma suna da ikon yin ƙaura zuwa nesa.
Kemikal
Kula da ƙwayar hemp tare da maganin kashe kwari tare da ɗaya ko fiye fungicides kafin dasa shine al'ada gama gari.
Maganin ƙwayar ya zo tare da magani a cikin ƙaramin ko mafi girma na watsawa. Babban kuɗi ya fi tsada nesa da ƙarami, amma yana da tsawon lokaci kariya daga ƙannan fleas. Wadannan magungunan kashe kwari suna da tsari, fleas dole ne su ci kayan shuka domin su sami kashi na mutuwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan kwaro ya harba ganye, tsire-tsire na iya lalacewa.
Zai iya zama dole a yi amfani da kwari bayan fitowar don kare tsiran da ba a kula da su ba a matakin iri ko kuma sun kamu da matsanancin rauni, ko tsawan lokaci na matsanancin harin hemp flea
Lokacin da aka shuka hemp ba tare da kula da iri ba, ƙwayar cuta ta fi mahimmanci a cikin kwanakin zafi da kwanciyar hankali.
Idan an lura da mummunan lalacewa daga fleas ko tarin ƙwayar cuta a cikin filin, yana da mahimmanci don amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi zuwa gawar da wuri-wuri, tun da sauri fleas yana haifar da mummunar lalacewar shuka.
Wani lokaci ana iya buƙatar ƙarin foliage spraying, kamar yadda fleas ci gaba da matsawa zuwa filayen a wani mai saukin kamuwa bayan sharan gona daga farko foliar spraying zama m.
Tsutsa
Tsutsa-kamar tsutsa tare da nau'i-nau'i daga kafafu ƙanƙane daga karamin (ƙasa da rabin milimita) kwai m, fentin a cikin launin rawaya mai guba.
Tsutsa kanta ba ta da irin wannan launi mai haske - datti fari ne da ƙwaya mai launin shuɗi. Jikin elongated na tsutsa yana cike da ɗore masu yawa.
Ikon kwaro
Babban matakan rigakafin cutar kwari sune:
- Tarin kaka da konewar ragowar ganye da ciyawa,
- lura da hemp seedlings tare da kwari a mataki na bayyanar ganye na uku,
- ƙanshi na tsaba da aka shuka a cikin bazara bayan an girbe, wanda yakan hana ƙwayar irin abincin a lokacin kwanciya ta ƙarshe, ƙwai,
- lura da amfanin gona tare da shirye-shiryen sunadarai kamar bazudine, vetric acid, zeolone, ce, sumiton, ce.
- hadi don ƙara germination na harbe. Magungunan Trichodermin ya tabbatar da cewa yana da kyau kwarai ga waɗannan dalilai.