Yana da wuya a tuna idan wani kifi yana da nasa sarki. Kuma sterlet yana da shi. Aƙalla, don haka ka ce masunta masu kamun kifi. Har ila yau sun san inda daidai da Sterlet Monarch ke zaune - ba nesa ba kusa da Nizhny Novgorod, a cikin Kogin Surat. Tabbas, duk waɗannan tarihin gado ne na kamun kifi, amma gaskiyar cewa sterlet ta cancanci tatsuniyar tatsuniya tana magana da kima. Yayi kama da a zamanin da mutane mutane sun yaba da wannan kifin. Amma me ya sa ta? Yanzu mun gano.

Yaya yake dubawa kuma a ina aka samo shi?

Wani suna na wannan kifayen sarauta ce. Manyan shahararrun magoya bayanta sune Ivan the Mugun da Peter I, wanda idodinsu ya kasa yin wannan samfurin. A wani lokaci, don gamsar da buƙatun Peter I, a cikin babban masarauta, sun fara keɓantar da wannan kifin. Af, da zarar an ƙaunace ta ana kiranta ja. Kuma ba haka ba ne saboda launin nama, kamar yadda fillet din islet ɗin ke da fari. "Ja" a cikin wannan yanayin yana aiki ne a matsayin kalmar daidaitawa don "dadi", "mafi kyau", "kyakkyawan". Kuma dole ne in faɗi, ta sami wannan karɓar ta cancanta.
Sterlet, ko Acipenser ruthenus, babban wakili ne na dangin Sturgeon. Kifi mai girma zai iya wuce mita a tsayi kuma yayi nauyi kilo 15. Amma a yau wannan ya fi banbanci ga mulkin fiye da yadda aka saba da gidan kwalba. A yau, masunta ba su da sa'a don kama irin wannan gizanin, yawanci gawawwakin kilo-2 kilogram ne da ba a isa ko da rabin m.

Abu ne mai sauqi ka gane sterlet - hanci ne mai kaifi mai kaifi da gashin baki. Mata, ta hanyar, sun fi girma, kauri kuma hancin su ya fi tsayi. Amma Sikeli, saboda abin da yawa ba sa son dafa kifi, sterlets ba. Madadin haka, layuka 5 na leɓen kasusuwa ana iya gani akan gawa.

Da zarar an sami kifayen sarakuna a cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin kwandunan tekun Azov, Baltic, Black da Caspian. An kama gawawwakin mutane a tafkin Ladoga da Onega, a cikin ruwan Yenisei, Ob, Volga da Kama. Da zarar an ƙaddamar da kwalba a Amur, Pechery, Oka da Neman. Kifayen sun sami tushe, ba tare da taimakon mutum ba, suna faɗaɗa yankin ruwanta. Amma duk inda aka sami wannan wakilin masu tsaurin ra'ayi, koyaushe tana bada shaida ga tsarkin ruwan. Filin sitiri ba zai rayu cikin datti ba, ruwa mai daukewar oxygen. Kuma “rajistar” tana tasiri da launi, wacce ke bambanta da launin ruwan kasa zuwa haske mai launin shuɗi.

A tsakanin Sturgeons, wannan shine mafi yawan kifi. A lokacin tsalle, mace ɗaya na iya kwanciya daga ƙwai 5 zuwa 140 dubu - oblong kuma ɗan kadan kaɗan fiye da sauran wakilan nau'in.

Darajar abinci mai gina jiki na caviar sterli tayi daidai da ta beluga.

A rayuwar yau da kullun, kodadde ta zama kamar kifi na ƙasa. Yana barin wuraren da ya fi so kawai na tsawon lokacin ɓarkewa (tsawon makonni biyu yana zuwa gadaje na manyan koguna) da bayan sa, lokacin da aka ciyar da shi sosai bayan sanya zuriya. Har ila yau, masu jan ciki na cikin ruwa mai zurfi.

Matsakaicin rayuwar gasassun yakai shekaru biyu zuwa uku. Amma saboda yawan kashin kaji da gurbacewar ruwa, yawan wadannan tsauraran matakan an rage su sosai. Da yawa daga cikinsu ba sa iya yin rayuwa har zuwa lokacin balaga (shekara ta 5-7) don su bar zuriyarsu da kansu. Don haka ya zama babban abin birgewa: mafi yawan kifayen sun kusa ƙarewa.

Fiye da amfani

Sterlet gawa ita ce fillet mai ɗanɗano, mai laushi kuma mai cike da ruwan ɗabi'a da za ta roƙi gourmets da yawa, gami da fa'idodin kifayen kifi. Yana da arziki a cikin adadi mai yawa abubuwan abubuwan ganowa. Wannan kifin yana ba mutane da alli, aidin, zinc, nickel, chromium, fluorine, phosphorus, bitamin D, B3 da omega-3 mai kitse.

Haɗin ƙwayoyin halittar musamman na samfurin yana da amfani don aiki sel sel, tsarin juyayi, glandon thyroid, yana kare tasoshin jini daga lalata da toshewa, da kuma kula da fata na samari. Kifayen kifi suna da amfani sosai ga mutane masu saurin ci gaba da cutar cizon cizon sauro ko kuma cututtukan zuciya. Ma'adanai da bitamin da ke cikin kifi suna da amfani don hangen nesa, ƙashin ƙashi, ƙarfafa jiki gaba ɗaya, mutanen da ke da cutar psoriasis da sauran cututtukan fata. Kuma masu binciken sun ce caviar sterlet yana da kayan anti-cancer.

Kamar sauran nau'ikan kifayen, shine tushen wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, wanda jiki ke shan saukin saurin nama fiye da jan nama, amma kuma ya ƙunshi jerin amino acid masu mahimmanci. Hakanan ana gabatar da mahimmancin kitse, wanda ba tare da abin da jijiyoyin zuciya, jijiyoyi da tsarin rigakafi ke wahala ba, har ila yau ana gabatar da su a cikin abubuwan da ke da amfani ga mutane. Masu binciken Amurka da na Turai suna maimaitawa cikin haɗuwa: kifi wata matattara ce ta abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ba za a iya maye gurbinsu daga samfuransu ba. Musamman ma, omega-3 polyunsaturated mai mai da aka ɗauka daga samfuran kifi an daɗe ana kiransa babban abu don ƙarfafa zuciya, yana tsarkake tasoshin jini, da rage ƙarfi cholesterol.

Abin sha'awa, jita-jita na kifi, a cewar masana kimiyya, suna tasiri yanayi. Hakanan wannan karfin yana kara karfin nama. Masu binciken sun ce yana da mahimmanci mutane suyi halin kunci da jujjuya yanayi don cin kifin, kamar sterlet, akalla sau biyu a mako. Kamar antidepressants, jita-jita na kifi suna yin aiki akan bangarorin kwakwalwa wanda ke da alhakin samar da serotonin (hormone da ke da haɓaka yanayi).

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa

A lokaci guda, yawan amfani da sterlet bai dace da mutanen da ke da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata ko cututtukan hanji ba. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa kifi yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan samfuran waɗanda shirye-shiryen da basu dace ba na iya haifar da babbar matsala. Filin rake (ko dafa shi mara kyau) itace tataccen ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari. Sau ɗaya a cikin jiki, ba kawai suna haifar da lalata ba. Idan kifi mai gasa da rabi ya dawo da mutum tare da raunin ƙwayar cuta, kuma ba a karɓar kulawa a kan lokaci, akwai haɗarin mutuwa.

Bugu da kari, yana da kyau a nisanci gawawwakin da hayakin hayakin da ake kira hayakin hayaki. Saboda amfani da wannan samfurin tuni yana nuna cewa an girbe kifin musamman bayan mummunar ta. Irin wannan samfurin ya ƙunshi ɓangarorin wuce sodium mai wucewa, wanda aka cika tare da edema. Amma wannan ba duka bane. "Shan taba" yana da kyau ga mucous membranes na narkewar gabobin. Don haka, ya kamata a cire irin wannan "abincin" daga abincin yara, marasa lafiya na sassan nephrological da sassan gastroenterological.

Yadda za a dafa

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, sterlet yana ɗaya daga cikin kifayen da aka fi so daga sarakunan Rasha. Kuma duk godiya ga fillet mai taushi da m, daga abin da aka shirya ɗaruruwan kyawawan jita-jita. An stewed cikin farin giya tare da albasa da tumatir, gasa tare da biredi Berry, soyayyen, kyafaffen da steamed. Tana sanya kunne mai daɗin ji da kuma abincin kifi mai daɗi. Ana ba da shawarar gourm don hada gero tare da cucumbers, qwai, dankali, Peas kore ko karas.

Kifi "na sarki"

Yankakken namomin kaza tare da albasa da man kayan lambu, launin ruwan kasa a cikin kwanon rufi. Add da grated karas da simmer har sai da rabin dafa shi. Gishiri, barkono, zuba ɗan kirim. A hanyar, gutted kuma wanke sterlet zuwa kaya (a ciki) tare da lemun tsami yanka. Grate cikin fillet tare da kayan yaji da cushe tare da namomin kaza stewed. Gyara dukkanin ɓangarorin kifin tare da haƙoshin haƙora, kunsa a tsare kuma aika zuwa tanda. Gasa na kimanin awa daya. Ku bauta wa ta hanyar yayyafa shi da man kayan lambu da ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami.

Sterlet shine samfurin abinci a cikin 100 g wanda ya ƙunshi kusan 80 kcal.

Mecece fatarar kwalba?

A kodadde a cikin Sturgeon iyali fice a tsakanin dangi. Tana da ƙanƙantarsu da su, tana da hanci mai haɓaka. Kifi sun karye kuma tsoffin eriyoyi suna isa bakin. Lowerarshen leɓen kifin yana da iska, flaps ɗin gefen suna haɗuwa.

Madadin sikeli, tirinti, kamar sauran sikelin, yana da sikelin kasusuwa, kwari, kamar yadda masunta ke kiransu. Suna cikin layuka biyar a tsaye: ɗaya a kowane gefen gefen ciki dayan kuma a tsakiyar bayan. Haka kuma, a cikin gangar jikin kwalin, wurin sanya rubutattun dorsal mai yawa ne, tare da rufewar juna dayan.

Yawan dorsal "kwari" 13 ne ... guda 17., Kowane tare da kaɗa mai kaifi a baya. A tarnaƙi na scutellum 60 ... 70 inji mai kwakwalwa., A ciki - 13 ... 15 inji mai kwakwalwa. Babu wata alaƙa tsakanin sikeli da na ciki.

Sterlet yana da launi daban-daban a wurare daban-daban (hoto). Canza launi daga launin shuɗi zuwa duhu. Kifayen kifaye na iya zama launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan hoda ko launin toka-toka, ƙashin bayansa koyaushe launin toka ne, ƙoshin ciki fari ne.

Sterlet hanci yana da tsawo daban-daban. Saboda haka, nau'ikan jinsin da aka nuna da mai nuna kyawu ne ake rarrabe su a cikin yawan jama'arta. Na farko koyaushe yayi ƙaura, na biyu ya fi son a zauna a rayuwa, saboda haka ya fi kyau ciyar da launin rawaya.

Miyar miya

Yanke sterled da gutted sterlet a cikin rabo, ƙara ruwa, kara gishiri, barkono da faski tushe. Cook har sai m, cire kumfa. Sanya kifin a cikin kwanon otel, ɓarnar da broth. A cikin m broth ƙara dankali, sauteed albasa, karas, a yanka a cikin zobba, da kayan yaji dandana. Lokacin da aka dafa kayan lambu, ƙara yanki fillet na kifi (daban daga ƙasusuwa) da yankakken ganye a miya. Murfin kuma bar miya daga miya minti 10.

Yadda zaka zabi kifin da ya dace

Dama Sirinda yana rayuwa. Kuma wannan doka tana aiki lokacin sayen kowane kifi. Wannan ita ce hanya daya tilo da za a sami cikakken tabbaci a cikin ingancin kayan. A halin yanzu, idan an riga an shirya gawa a matsayin samfurin, to duk hankalin yana kan idonta. Yakamata su “duba” a zahiri kuma basu da mayafin mayafi. Amma gawar, ya kamata ya bulbulo a ƙarƙashin matsin yatsa. Hanyoyin da ke cikin kletaccen kodadde sun yi ja da haske, launin toka - alama ce ta tsufa. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za ku kamshi kifin. Duk wani wari mara dadi shine ƙararrawa. Hakanan, a kowane hali yakamata ku sayi kifi tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara - wannan alama ce ta tsohuwar, ɓarkewar ɓarke. Lokacin sayen sikelin, yana da mahimmanci a kula da faranti kashi (waɗanda suke maimakon sikeli). A cikin kifayen da aka kamo, suna manne wa jiki, idan sun exfoliate, wannan samfurin ne mai haɗarin amfani.

Sterlet yana ɗaya daga cikin kifayen da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ruwa. Kuma duk saboda mutane a duk faɗin duniya suna son naman wannan wakilin Sturgeon. A halin yanzu, da alama masana kimiyya sun sami hanyar fita daga lamarin. Sun tsallake sterlet da beluga, suna ƙirƙirar sabon kifi - bester, wanda ya haɗu da fa'idodin iyaye kuma zai iya zama madadin sterlet. Akalla don lokacin sake dawo da yawan kifayen a cikin daji.

Girma na Sterlet

Shekarar farko kifi ya girma a hankali, girman kirinin ya kai cm 10 Tsarin yana karawa a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Matsakaicin tsayi na kifin jima'i shine 60-70 cm tare da nauyin 1.5-2 kg. Manyan wakilai sun shahara saboda girman fiye da mita 1 tare da nauyin jikin 7-7.5 kg. Gwargwadon 1.25 m tare da nauyin kilogram 16.5 ya wuce, amma wannan yana da wuya. Mata suna girma a hankali fiye da maza, alhali kuwa sun fi kowane girma girma.

Sterlet spawning

Balaga ta jima'i a cikin maza na faruwa ne bayan shekaru 4-5 na rayuwa, kuma a cikin mace a cikin shekaru 6-7. Ganyen mahaifa yakan fara a cikin watan Afrilu, lokacin da ruwan yayi zafi zuwa + 9-10 C. A cikin yankuna na arewacin, kiwo baya farawa kafin Mayu. Maza sune farkon waɗanda ke kwarara zuwa sama, suna zaɓi mãkirci a tashoshin manyan koguna ko ambaliyar ruwa. Matan sun haɗu lokacin da ruwan yake har zuwa + 12-13 C. Kasuwancin yakan gudana a zurfin zurfin mita 8-15, a cikin wuraren da ke da tsawan dutse da ba m.

Caviar yana manne da duwatsun dutse, tsakuwa ko gurneti na karkashin ruwa, koda kuwa isasshen halin yanzu baya wanke shi. Abubuwan launin toka mai duhu ko baƙar fata suna da sifa mai ƙarfi, kuma yawanci 2-3 mm a diamita, tare da adadin 7-8 MG. Tsutsa tsutsa har tsawon kwanaki 5-9, kuma da farko isharar cin abinci take da jakar kwai gwaiduwa. Bayan sati 2, jakar najasa ta cika, kuma gawar ta fara fitar da abinci da kanshi.

Femaleaya mace tana da ikon ɗaukar ƙwai sama da dubu 120, adadin ya dogara da girman da shekarun kifin. Sterlet caviar ya fi ƙasa da sauran wakilan Sturgeon. Tsere yana tsawan sati biyu, bayan haka maƙarƙashiyar ta fita daga bakin kogin ya shiga cikin ambaliyar, inda ta zauna cikin shinge da na baya don ciyar da kanta. Wasu tsofaffi ba sa yin kiwo a kowane yanayi.

Tsararrun Sterlet

Sterlet galibi kifin kogi ne, ba a gama gari a cikin tabkuna masu zurfi ba. Babban wuraren zama na kwalba suna cikin sabbin ruwa na Yankin Rasha, ciki har da Siberiya da harajin Yenisei. Kifi yana da yawa a Kama, a kan hanyar Catherine, a cikin kwari na Arewacin Dvina. Randunan Volga (a ƙasan shi da na tsakiya) ya shahara saboda adadi mai yawa, kuma ana samun shi a tafkunan Onega da Ladoga.

Yana guje wa ruwan gishiri, ya fi son ya zauna a cikin kogunan waɗannan tekuna:

A cikin kwandunan Dnieper, ana samun mutum mai mahimmanci a cikin yankuna na Smolensk da Bryansk, suna iyo a cikin bayyanannun ruwa na Danube, Prut da Bug. A cikin tekun Bahar Maliya, baƙar wuya ba sa bayyana kuma a cikin ƙananan makarantu, a kowace shekara akwai ƙarancin kifaye a wurin, wanda ke nuna gurɓatar jikin ruwan.

Rayuwa na Sterlet

Ana samun kifin Sterlet a cikin koguna masu tsabta, masu zurfin ruwa tare da yashi, ɗambin dutse ko ƙananan dutse. Riversanan koguna masu laka ƙasa, laka da m ruwa kewaye. Hakanan kuma ana hana ruwa mai gishiri Kifin nasa ne da ke da kusan rabin gabbai, amma basu gamsu da wasan ninkaya na nesa ba, sun zauna a doron kasa, suna barin daddawar ne kawai lokacin cinyewa ko bayan abin da ake ci.

Rayuwar 'yar kulle-kullen rayuwar gama gari ce, kifin ya karye cikin ƙananan makarantu da shekaru kuma da wuya ya motsa shi kaɗai. Lokacin hunturu na 'yan kunar bakin waken ya ƙare da zaran kogin ya faɗo kankara. Lokacin fara ayyukan bazara ya dogara da yankin - daga tsakiyar Maris zuwa Afrilu. Kafin tsallakewa, kifayen suna cin abinci sosai, kuma bayan tsinkewa sai ya matso kusa da saman don dawo da ƙarfi. A lokacin rani, wainar kwalba ta kasance da zurfi da yamma, kuma a maraice yana zuwa gaɓar teku inda akwai ciyayi da yawa. Filin da aka nuna a fili ya fi aiki da ƙarfi,

Jirgin ruwan kwalba na fitar da dare a bakin teku, yana kama kwari. Tana da ikon mirgine a bayanta kuma ta ɗora abinci don fadowa daga rassan. Da farkon kaka, kifin ya koma ƙasa, yana neman wuraren da ke da zurfi da ɗumi inda zai burgeta cikin yashi ko ya ɓoye a ƙarƙashin duwatsu. A wannan matsayin, tana ciyar da lokacin hunturu. Ya fi son ramuka a zurfin 20-25 m, inda aka cusa shi cikin layuka masu yawa. Harkokin ɓarke ​​na Sterlet yana farawa da wuri - tuni a ƙarshen Satumba, kifin ya rasa aiki kuma ya ta'allaka, yana cin lokacin hunturu ba tare da abinci ba.

Sterlet rai sake zagayowar

Makon farko na rayuwa, a cikin burodin ɓoye a cikin gurneti na karkashin ruwa ko a ƙarƙashin duwatsu kuma kada ku bar wurin haifuwarsu. Suna cin abinci a cikin ruwan da aka tsotse daga kumfa na ƙasan halitta. Sa’ad da suka girma, sukan buga tare a garkuna kuma suka fara tashi zuwa sama don neman abinci. A cikin shekaru biyu na rayuwa, sterlet ya girma zuwa 20 cm, bayan shekaru biyar ana daukar shi girma.

Tsarin rayuwar kwallet shine shekaru 27-30, amma wannan bai isa ba idan aka kwatanta da sauran tsauraran yanayi, waɗanda ake ɗaukar dogon lokaci kuma suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 75-80. Sitirt din ya sami damar yin hulɗa tare da wasu nau'ikan 'yan uwanta daga asalin Sturgeon, musamman, tare da beluga. Sakamakon abu ne na musamman matasan - bester.

Abincin abinci na Sterlet

Sterlet kifi ne mai tsinkaye kuma ya fi son abincin dabbobi. Abincin abinci na Sterlet ya ginu ne akan gaskiyar cewa yana cin abubuwa masu rai a farfajiya da mazaunan ruwa a zurfi. Abincin da aka toya a kan ƙaramin ɓacin rai (brine shrimp, daphnia, da dai sauransu), mollusks, larvae, da plankton masu bambancin. Yayinda suke girma, ana haɗuwa da abinci mafi girma a cikin abincin - tsutsotsi, ƙwaro, crustaceans, ƙananan kifi da caviar na wasu kifaye (ba sa ƙin nasu).

A lokacin rani, sterlet yakan ci kwari: sauro, ciyayi, keɓaɓɓu, mangwaro. Garanti na iya ɗaukar abincin da ke kan jirgin, da tsalle tsaye daga ruwa. Baya ga hanci mai tsayi, ita ma tana da eriya don binciken abinci, wanda gangar jikin ke kama mai rauni a kasan.

Hanyar kamun kifi

Don kama gidan gero, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da ya dace. Wurin da kifin ya dogara da kakar.Idan kogin cike yake gudana, wanda aka azabtar ya zo kusa da gaci, yayin da yake rage matakin ruwan, zai tsaya kusa da ramuka masu zurfi. Filin kwalba yana zaɓar wuraren da kwararar kogin ke raunana da kan iyakokin ruwa mai tsafta - kwari da yawa sun taru a wurin. Yawancin lokaci ana sa ran yin lanƙwasa a ƙarshen maraice da kuma kafin wayewar gari, amma ƙwararrun angwaye sun lura da rashin iya tsinkayen kifin.

Yunkurin gama gari don ɗaukar ganyen kwalba shine donka, ko ƙananan sanda mashin. Yi amfani da sandunan kifi, makada na roba ko jakai. Zai fi kyau ɗaukar baƙin ciki mara nauyi, wanda zai ba ka damar yin madaukai na dogon lokaci. Layin kamun ya dace da diamita na 0.3 mm, launi ba shi da mahimmanci - sterlet ba ya jin kunya sosai. Mai wanki ya zama mai lebur kuma mai nauyi (60-80 gr.), Don haka na yanzu ba zai busa shi ba. Leashes tare da tsawon 30-40 mm ana iya ɗaukar cirewa, wanda idan ya cancanta, maye gurbin cikin sauri. Asar leas biyu biyu saƙa 50 cm a gaban mai wanka. Ana buƙatar ƙugiya mai kaifi da ƙarfi, mafi kyau No. 7. Daga bakin sterlet yana da sauƙin samun ƙugiya da dogon hannu.

Lokacin amfani da sanda na kamun kifi, sanda tana da ƙarfi amma yana da tsawo domin ya dace don fitar da kifin. Ana amfani da daskararru na bakin ciki, wanda hakan zai guji haɗuwarsa da layin kamun kifi. Hooks sun dace da kaifi da bakin ciki, yana da kyau a ɗaure biyu lokaci ɗaya. Suna kuma kama sterlet tare da sanda mai jujjuya, suna zaɓar sanda na tsakiyar ko babban aji. Elaikatar kwanciyar hankali dole ta kasance mai nau'in motsa jiki, ana ɗaukar matattarar ruwa, layin kamun kifi, kamar yadda a cikin ƙasa, aka ba zurfin kogin da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da yanayin ƙasa.

An ba da izinin mashin ruwa a ƙarƙashin lasisi kawai, in ba haka ba zaku iya samun kuɗi na masarar kwal idan akwai izinin kamun kifi ba tare da izini ba. Ranar kamawa daga Yuli zuwa Satumba 1. Haramun ne a kamo kifin da bai wuce 30 cm ba. Bayan kamun kifi, dole ne a rufe lasisin, in ba haka ba za a iya kwashe abin kamun.

Sterlet Lures

Ba'a maimaita Sterlet ba, nozzles suna amfani da asalin dabbobi. Mafi mashahuri sune tsutsotsi masu matsakaici da ƙananan shrimps. Mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani da maggot a matsayin ƙari ga kowane tsutsotsi - dung, ruwan sama da kuma creeps.

Kamar yadda koto ma sun dace:

• ƙananan ƙwayoyin marmari
• irin ƙwaro larvae
• bugun jini,
• soya na wasu kifi.

Girman koto da ke kan gawarsa kada su wuce 5 cm, wanda ke kula da shi da gangan zai kewaya babban ɗakin.

Kalori gero

Kilogiram 0.10 (100 g) sabo ne na kwalba ya ƙunshi 122 kcal. Lokacin dafa kifi a cikin ruwan gishiri, abun da ke cikin kalori yana raguwa zuwa 88 kcal. Sterlet ba ya da carbohydrates, fats sune 2.02 g. Yana da arziki a cikin sunadarai - 17 gr., Kuma bitamin na ƙungiyar PP. Ya ƙunshi rukuni na ma'adanai - fluorine, alli, zinc, chlorine.

Kiwo na dabbobi da kuma balaga

Sital a cikin iyalin Sturgeon shine ɗayan farkon a cikin yanayin haifuwa. Namiji ya yi balaga da shekaru 4 ... 5 shekara, mace tayi shiri don tsayi - 7 ... 8 years. Wuraren da suke tuddai suna cike da dutse da kuma sassan kogunan da ke da zurfi da zurfi mai zurfi, tare da yashi, guringuntsi, tsakuwa, ginin da dutse ya rufe.

Mafi sau da yawa, tsalle-tsalle yakan faru ne a watan Mayu, lokacin da ruwan da ke cikin kogunan ya haɓaka gwargwadon iko kuma ya riƙe matakinsa ko ma ya fara raguwa. Tsawan lokacin cin abinci sati biyu ne. Anyi rarrabuwa a cikin 'yar iskan gas.

Caviar wannan nau'in yana da zurfi kuma duhu, amma karami fiye da na sauran hanyoyin. Oneaya mace tana da ƙwai dubu ɗari. Launinta launinta ya dogara da launi na mace.

Bayyanar soya daga caviar yana faruwa a rana ta huɗu. Kifin da aka fito da shi ya kasance a wurin (a cikin guringuntsi) kusan har faɗuwar. Bayan da suka yi ƙarfi, sukan lokaci zuwa sassan sassan da ke ɓoye, a inda ake samun abinci.

Sterlet rarraba

Gidajen gargajiya na guntun gero suna da faɗi sosai. Waɗannan su ne kogunan kwantena na Caspian, Azov, Black Teas, daɓar ruwan Pyasina, Yenisei, Lena, Ob, da arewacin Dvina. Akwai daya a cikin tafkunan Onega da Ladoga. Sakamakon hada-hadar wucin gadi, kifayen suna cikin Oka, Amur, Pechora, Onega, Zapadnaya Dvina, Neman, Protok, da kuma wasu wuraren ajiya.

Yawan da kariya daga yawan jama'a

A yau, yawan mutanen gero a cikin koguna ya ragu sosai. Dalilin haka shine sakin kayan gida, gona, dabarun masana'antu cikin ruwa. Babban lalacewar kifin ya faru ne sakamakon ayyukan masu farauta, saboda tsananin rafukan koguna. Rage haɓakar ɗabi'ar ganyen ta kasance sakamakon tasirin tashoshin tashoshin wutar lantarki mai amfani da tashoshin ruwa, wanda magudanan ruwa ya ragu sosai kuma manyan wuraren suka ƙafe. Bugu da kari, madatsun ruwa sun zama shingen da baza'a iya jurewa ga hijirar kifi zuwa wuraren (kogunan ruwa na sama) ba.

An sanya kifayen cikin Rasha a cikin jinsunan da ke cikin mawuyacin hali kuma mai yiwuwa nan gaba zasu shuɗe. Akwai dunƙule a cikin Jerin Rayi na IUCN, a cikin Shafi na CITES. Tana da irin wannan halin a wasu ƙasashe.

Kowane yanki ya ba da nasa ka'idodi don kamun kifi, amma bambance-bambance a cikinsu sun danganta da lokacin. Ka'idojin farautar wannan kifayen mai ban mamaki sun hada da:

• - samun lasisi - yana bayar da haƙƙin kama kifin doki a cikin kwanaki uku, kuma dole ne mutane su ɗauki nauyin kilogram rabin su kuma sami tsawon 32 cm,
• - an ba shi izinin kama da maƙala biyar, kowannensu sanye da ba su da maƙiƙa biyar,
• - kama tukunya a karkashin lasisi an yarda dashi a lokacin watan Yuli - Satumba,
• - a ƙarshen farauta, bayanai akan yawan kifayen da aka kama da kuma lokacin da aka gama su ana shiga lasisi.

Af, yawan lasisi yana da iyakantacce kuma ba kowa ba ne zai iya samun sa.

Kiwon wucin gadi da kuma narkar da kwalba

Sterlet ya kasance koyaushe kifin ruwa mai mahimmanci ne. Amfanin sa ya zama ɗayan dalilai na raguwar alkalumma, waɗanda suka sanya kifin gindi. Ba abin mamaki bane, da aka ba wannan yanayin, aka fara girma da wucin gadi. Ribar kasuwancin tana da girma kwarai da gaske, amma tsari yana da alhaki, dogo da wahala.

Don kiwan gero, an shirya filayen keji, wanda aka sanya cikin ramuka na rufe. Kifi "yana nufin" ga duk wannan a hankali. Yayin rana, yana manne da ƙananan yadudduka na ruwa, yakan hau zuwa daddare kuma, kasancewa mai buɗe kumfa, sau da yawa don haɗiye iska.

Hanya mafi yawan zafin jiki na gantsar tsiro shine +22 ° C. Idan ya faɗi ƙasa +0.3 ° C, kifin ya mutu. Yana ciyarwa a cikin keji daga bangon da bango - yana watsi da abinci a cikin shafi na ruwa.

Tsarin tsiro na tsiro ya haɗa da:

• - da daidaitawa a cikin gidajen masu samarwa, waɗannan sun riga sun girma, kifayen masu balaga - an riga an kama su a yankunan kamun kifi kuma ana tura su zuwa inda ya dace,
• - ko masu samarwa: ana yin hakan ne idan ba'ayi amfani da kayan da aka shigo dasu ba, an shuka su ne akan gonakin kansu, ya fi kuzari kuma yawancin masu siye da sikari suna amfani dashi,
• - ko sayan caviar, ana yin hakan ne idan gonar kawai tayi ma'amala da aikin kifin da ganyen aiki tare da masu samarwa,
• - shiryawa qwai: tsari wanda ake kiyaye ƙwai a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, bayan haka larvae ya fito daga gare su,
• - girma soya: a lokaci guda, suna ciyar da larvae tare da abinci da aka zaɓa na musamman, a cikin abincin akwai abinci na farko, wanda aka ɗaure da agar, daga baya an ƙara shi cikin dreisser, minced fish,
• - wintering na yara a cikin wintering cages,
• - tsiro na gero.

Ayyukan haɓaka ƙwayar kwalba yana nuna cewa hanya mafi inganci a cikin wannan kasuwancin ita ce haɗaka. Wannan yana nufin cewa kifin yana kashe lokacin bazara a cikin ruwa a buɗe, don hunturu ana canza shi zuwa wuraren waha wanda ruwan yake mai zafi.

Cututtukan Sterlet

Sterlet kifi ne da ke tayar da kamuwa da cuta da ci gaban cututtuka. Amma wani lokacin tana rashin lafiya. Mafi yawan lokuta wannan shine saboda yanayin da bai dace da ita ba. Bugu da kari, kodadde na iya yin rashin lafiya tare da hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo, kwayan cuta, fungal, cututtukan masu cin zali.

Rage maganin Sterlet yana raguwa, mafi yawan lokuta, don matakan rigakafin. Babban abu a cikinsu shine ingantaccen kiyaye kifaye, yana kawar da su daga yanayin damuwa.

Misali, na karshen yana shafar kwalbar ke haifar:

• - saprolegniosis, flexibacteriosis, aeromoniasis, trichodiosis - idan yawan yaduwar dasawa a cikin keji ya wuce,
• - gill necrosis - idan akwai yawan ammoniya a cikin ruwa ko kuma ya gurbata da abubuwa na kwayoyin,
• - cutar kumburin gas - idan ruwan bai da inganci, yana cike da gas,
• - myopathy - idan akwai abubuwa masu guba a cikin ruwa.

Spinning kamun kifi na gero

Sitirt din nasa mallakar mazaunan ruwa ne marasa ma'ana, saboda haka, saboda kamun kifi ta hanyar zubewa, babu da'awar ingancin layin kamun kifi. Abinda bai kamata ka zauna akai shi ba shine leashes na bakin ciki, ƙananan ƙugiya, wanda akwai ƙarin matsaloli biyu game da aiki da kayan aiki da karyewa da ƙugiyoyi.

Yawancin lokaci, ana kama ƙwayar kwalba kusa da gaci, saboda haka suna amfani da ƙananan kayan ƙasa. Amma tare da farkon kaka, tare da rage yawan zafin jiki na ruwa da matakinsa, makarantun kifin suna motsawa zuwa wurare masu zurfi (har zuwa mita 20). Spinning yana taimaka wajan isa dasu da filayen nesa.

Suna amfani da manyan igiyoyi masu ƙarfi ko matsakaici tare da kyakkyawan inertia / inertia reels. Girman dutsen layin kamun kifi shine 0.25 ... 0.35 m, kowane launi, an saita leash dan ƙaramin ciki - 0.20 mm.

An zabi matattarar mai jujjuya kayan kwalliya akan kwalbar kwalba don gwaji da kwararar ƙasa. Ana amfani da ƙugiya tare da dogon gogewa - yana da sauƙi a cire shi daga bakin, wanda yake cikin kifi. A cikin girman, ya fi No. 5 ... A'a 7.

Na ƙungiyar kanta, kayan aiki masu gudu babban tarin tsutsotsi ne. A yau, ƙungiyar ta hanyar kwaikwayon silicone caviar tana cikin girmamawa sosai. Bugu da ƙari, ja tare da ƙari da ƙanshin caviar na ainihi.

Kama Sterlet Donkas

Masuntan masunta suna ɗaukar waɗannan zaran, a cikin shigarwa daban-daban. Don fara bazara, suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da jakuna, a cikinsu akwai wadatattun bugun roba. Wannan ƙirar yana samar da babban karko, tunda ba ya tsoratar da kifi gaba ɗaya kuma an sanye shi da yawa (har 5 inji mai kwakwalwa.) Leashes tare da ƙugiya. Ita kuma ta dace domin a wannan lokacin kirinar ta fito don ciyar da gaci.

A cikin abin da ke kasan ciki, ana amfani da sanda - yawanci sanda na ingarma sanye take da daskararre mara amfani. Tare da taimakonsu, an yi nesa da kullin na gidan, yana da sauƙin unhook ɗin tare da ƙugiya kuma cire cirewar da aka kama akan ƙugiya.

Yawancin lokaci ana sanya layi a kasan 0.35 mm - komai girman da launi. Tsarin zazzage na 20 - 20 santimita - yi amfani da dindindin kuma mai yawan cirewa. Mai wanki a ƙarƙashin hanya da ɓoyayyen ƙasa daga cikin 30 ... 100 g. Harkokin Lambobi A'a 5 ... A'a 7 (ba fiye da 5 a masunta).

Yadda ake amfani da ƙuraje don dung da dattin ƙasa na babban (mai yuwuwar matsakaici). An ba da belinsu ta hanyar sokin a wurare da yawa - wannan yana samar da koto mai ƙarfi.

Zaka iya amfani da haɗarin tsutsa tare da kowane irin tsiron shuka. Amma tilas ne ya ji ƙanshi sosai - mafi kyau tare da tafarnuwa ko kifi, lokacin da ya yanke. Sanya koto a ƙasa. Zai fi kyau idan aka daidaita shi ba mai tsauri ba.

Kama Sterlet tare da Kifi mai kamun kifi

Kama sandar gida tare da irin wannan takaddar ba ta da ban sha'awa, amma tasiri. A lokaci guda, yanayin kamun kifi yana da nutsuwa, tunda galibi ganima kusan ba ya tsayayya. Babban abu shi ne neman wani wuri inda ganyen kwalba yake ciyar da su.

Ana amfani da sanda tsawon rai - har zuwa mita 5 tare da murhun mara ciki / maras wahala. Na farko yasa ya yiwu a jefa ƙarar har ƙarancin. Haka ne, kuma kamun kifi yana da sauri.

An ɗauki layin 0.2 mm, leash ɗin ɗaya ne ko bakin ciki - 0.18 mm. Oneauki ɗaya ko biyu - A'a. 5 ... A'a 7. An auna shi har zuwa 10 g kuma a ƙarƙashinsa mai iyo. Wani katon ƙasa mai nauyi ya zube akan ƙugiya. Sau da yawa ana dasa bishiyoyi guda biyu akan kansa.

An kama tsibirin kusa da bakin tekun bayan ambaliyar. Mafi sau da yawa, cizon kifi suna cikin rana.

Bishop Sterlet Ear

Kayayyakin da aka yi amfani da su don haɗawa sun haɗa da kilogiram 3.5 na gero, gishiri, 5 l na ruwa, rabin kaji / turkey gawa, kilogiram 2.5 na ƙananan kifi (kowane), ganyen bay, ƙwar da peas.

An shirya kwano a cikin bin wannan tsari:

• - tafasa mai karfi broth daga turkey / kaza, tace,
• - fishan ƙananan kifi yana nannade cikin cheesecloth, a tsoma shi cikin tarko mai tafasa sannan a tafasa har sai ya zama gora, cire, watsar,
• - tace mai,
• - sanya kwalbar a cikin broth kuma dafa,
• - lokacin dafa abinci na 15 ... 20 min. bay ganye, barkono da albasa da aka nade a cikin gauze an tsoma su cikin garin,
• - bayan sterlet ya shirya, sai su kwashe shi,
• - har zuwa gilashin vodka biyu an zuba a cikin kwanon,
• - Ku bauta wa kunne tare da gero da ƙari na ganye.

Sterlet da kunne

Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don dafa abinci: Gwargwadon kilogiram 1.5, 1 kg ruff, albasa 2, 4 kowannensu. seleri da faski Tushen, wani gungu na ganye (Dill ko faski), rabin gilashin ruff ko perch caviar, 4 tbsp. l albasarta, shukar rabin lemon, gilashin shampen.

An shirya kwano ta bin umarnin:

• - tafasa kunne ta amfani da ruff, Tushen, matattara, kunna wuta ta amfani da caviar,
• - a yanka guntuwar guntu, gusar da su, goge su da tawul takarda,
• - aika guda na kifayen a cikin broth da mintina 15. dafa har sai sun kasance shirye,
• - Sanannen broth an sake tace shi,
• - yi aiki a cikin farantin kayan miya: da farko sanya guda na gero a cikinsu, sannan ƙara yankakken ganye, a ƙarshen ƙara ruwa mai kifin,
• - An kara shampen a kunne - yana ba shi kaifin dandano,
• - bayar da shredded albasa, lemun tsami zobba zuwa kunne.

Jellied sterlet tare da caviar

Babban tasa yana cike da jelly tare da santimita santimita. Bayan ya taurare, an sanya kifayen a cikin layuka a saman (an sanya fata a ƙasa). A kowane yanki sa caviar manya a cikin tsibin tsp. l Ana sanya ƙyallen kansa a kan tarnaƙi.

Bayan haka, an ƙara jelly a cikin kwano - adadin ya kamata ya rufe sassan kifin. Suna fitar da shi a cikin daki mai sanyi suna kwantar da shi har sai jelly ta yi tsauri.

Ku bauta wa tasa tare da miya, horseradish da vinegar.

Jaka Jariri

Don dafa abinci na yau da kullun, kuna buƙatar: kilogram na gero, 20 g na gelatin, 2 tbsp. l caviar, karas, tushen faski, albasa.

Umarnin dafa abinci:

• - sterlet an tsabtace, wanke, bushe tare da adiko na goge baki, a yanka a cikin guda kuma Boiled,
• - lokacin da wainar kwalba ta shirya, sai su cire shi, su sanya shi a cikin kwano mai zurfi, su rufe shi da adiko na goge baki,
• - tace garin da aka samu ta dafa girkin,
• - Ana sanya gelatin a cikin broth, zuga har sai an narkar da,
• - lighten sakamakon broth tare da gelatin caviar: 2 tbsp. l 'yan maruƙa suna ƙasa a cikin turmi, sannu a hankali ƙara ruwan sanyi a cikin cokalin da ke ciki - za'a sami taro mai narkewa, ana cakuda cakuda sakamakon ƙara gilashin ruwan sanyi, sannan ana ƙara kunne (gilashin) mai zafi, bayan ya motsa komai, ana zuba shi sau biyu a cikin miya a ciki wanda yake ɗauke da ruwan jelly, na biyu. zuba jelly bayan tafasa tare da kashi na farko na cakuda, bayan tafasa ta gaba, tace jelly,
• - kwantar da sakamakon jelly kuma a zuba kwalbar, kafin a fara aiki, sai a sa ganyen faski, ƙwanƙwasa kansa ko guntun kifin a cikin kifayen.

Yadda za a tsaftace gero

Mutane da yawa suna mamaki: yadda za a tsaftace gero? Idan kifin suna raye, ya kamata a sa a cikin injin daskarewa na awa 1.

Yanke sterlet tare da wuka mai kaifi kamar haka:

• kurkura kifi da zuba a kan ruwan zãfi don rabu da mu gamsai,
• yanke duk kwari a goshi, suna aiki daga wutsiya zuwa kai,
• scraping fata tsakanin garkuwar,
• yanke wutsiya da ƙonewa. Lokacin dafa abinci duka, ya kamata a cire gills.

Yanke ciki tare da tsakiyar, kuma sami insides. Yi aiki a hankali ba tare da taɓa maganin ƙwayar cuta ba. Idan an kama caviar, dole ne a wanke shi da kyau, an warware shi daga fim kuma a salsa.

Cire mai squeal: yi karkiya guda daya kusa da kai, da kuma na biyu kusa da wutsiyar, yankan jejin kifin. Upauki murfin farin tare da hanzarta ko ƙugiya kuma a hankali cire shi ba tare da lalata bangon screech ba (yana da guba a ciki). Idan ba a cire shi ba, naman zai zama da haɗari ga lafiyar.