Mink dabba ce wacce ke cikin gidan Marten. An rarraba shi a nahiyoyi a arewacin hemisphere na duniya. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, waɗannan dabbobin suna zaune a wuraren da ke kusa da jikin ruwan. Dabba tana birgewa, tana haƙa rami don mahalli, a wasu halaye zai iya amfani da gidajen da aka watsar da sauran dabbobin.
Burrows mai sauki ne: babban ɗakin, fita biyu da kuma wani wurin dabam na bayan gida. Dabba ya rufe babban sararin samaniya tare da ciyawa, ganye, fuka-fukai da dansandan. Fitowa daga kai zuwa wurare daban-daban: ɗayan zuwa ruwa, ɗayan kuma yana ɓoye a tsakanin kurmi mai yawa.
Misalin kwatankwacin wannan dabbobin shine sassan rafi na gudana tare da tarkace a hankali da kuma shinge a gefen gabar. Yana zaune a cikin ɓoye na tsiro da shruban itace daban-daban.
Ana nuna godiya ga Mink ta ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan furfura, mai santsi. Yana da launi mai launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa a yawancin tabarau. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami nasarar raba mutanen da ke da fur ɗin launi a ƙarƙashin yanayin wucin gadi: fari, beige har ma da launin shuɗi.
Bayanin dabba, salon rayuwa, abinci mai gina jiki da haihuwa
Mink dabba ce mai cin gashin kanta, tana cin da ƙananan dabbobi da kifaye, da kuma amphibians:
Ana cin abinci kusan gram 200 na abinci a rana. Kuma duk da cewa waɗannan dabbobin na iya cin nama mai ƙiba, sun fi son sabo ne da nama. A jira na yanayin sanyi hannun jari an yi. Ana adana abinci a cikin kwarzana da kuma a cikin tafkuna masu zurfin gaske.
Mafi yawan mink da daddare. A lokacin rani, tana neman ganima daga ƙasa, kuma a lokacin hunturu baya ƙin ƙyamar kisa.
Yawancin lokaci minks suna jagoranci rayuwa mai ɓoye. Yanayin canza yanayin yakan faɗi a cikin hunturu da bazara. Akwai maza da yawa ga kowace mace. Maza suna yin kara kuma suna faɗa.
Cutar ciki zata kai kwanaki 75. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a cikin zuriyar dabbobi daga kananan yara 3 zuwa 7 wadanda aka haife su makaho. Suna bude idanunsu ne kawai wata daya bayan haihuwa.
Watan farko uwar ta ciyar da yaran da madara, kuma bayan sati uku saikawan suka fara cin abinci mai ƙarfi. Watanni uku bayan haihuwa, ci gaban saurayi ya fara koyon farauta tare da mahaifiyarsa, kuma a wata na huɗu ya zama mai 'yanci gabaɗaya. Balaga ta jima'i a cikin minks ya fara a cikin watan goma, kuma suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10.
Turai mink
Wannan nau'in jinsin ne wanda aka jera a cikin littafin Red. Dangane da fasalin daya, raguwar adadin jinsunan Turai ya kasance ne saboda gasa tare da karfi na Amurka. Koyaya, yana da wuya a faɗi cewa wannan ra'ayi gaskiya ne.
An rufe fatar da gajerun furcin launin shuɗi tare da jan launi. Ana samun baƙin ƙarfe na Turai kusan baki ɗaya. Hotunan wannan nau'in suna nuna cewa fur ɗin saman da lebe na fenti fari. Wani lokacin Jawo mara haske shima yana girma akan kirji.
Yawan nauyin wannan nau'in ya tashi daga kilogram 1.2-1.8. Tsawon jikin mutum shine santimita 34-45, kuma na mace shine santimita 35-40. Wutsiya tana kusan rabin gajeru fiye da jiki.
Abubuwan paws ƙananan, kuma akwai membranes tsakanin yatsunsu. Mink sauƙaƙe yana zubowa da yin iyo a ƙasan tafki. Zai iya riƙe numfashinku na kusan minti 3. Haka kuma, yayin yin iyo, jikin dabbar ba ya samun rigar godiya ga iska, wacce furke ta riƙe ta.
Baƙin Amurka
An gabatar da wannan nau'in zuwa Turai a tsakiyar tsakiyar karni na karshe. Daga cikin dukkan nau'in halittar, mafi girma shine mink na Amurka. Hotunan wannan nau'in sun nuna a fili cewa rarrabe fasalin shine farin fur kawai akan ƙananan lebe.
Girman mutum ɗaya ya kai kilo 2, kuma mafi girman tsayin akwati shine 54 santimita.
Al'adun nau'ikan dabbobi na Amurka sun yi kama da wanda aka ambata a sama. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da adadin raguwar ƙasashen Turai ke raguwa, Ba'amurikan ya sami nasarar mamaye yankin.
Nordic mink
Mafi yawan nau'ikan. Asalin ya samo asali ne daga jinsin Amurkawa da aka gabatar da su zuwa Turai a tsakiyar karni na 20, wanda daga baya ya rikide ya canza.
An bambanta daidaikun mutane ta jiki mai tsawo. Mace (tsawon jikinta har zuwa santimita 45) kadan ne da maza, wanda jikinsu ya kai santimita 55.
Kanada mink
Halaye da dabi'un wannan nau'in sun yi kama da sauran wakilan dangin Marten. Mafi sau da yawa, minks na Kanada suna cin kifi, kuma sau da yawa girman yana da girma fiye da kansu.
Ya bambanta da sauran nau'in fur-low-piled fur. Fatar irin wannan dabba tana kama da karammiski. A halin yanzu, Jawo na wannan dabba shine mafi tsada kuma mai kayatarwa.
Kula da dabba da zuriyarta
Tsarin halitta na minks shine barcin rana a cikin wani wurin ɓoyewa da farauta dare. Dabbobin suna yawan zama a maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da kusa da manyan jikkunan ruwa, saboda galibi tana kan kifi. Masu shayarwa suna adana dabbobi a cikin kaho. An sakaye su a cikin sito na musamman da aka tsara.
Muhimmin fasali na dabbobi:
- Babban makamin minks shine hakoransu. Masu ɗaukar fansa cikin sauri suna cizo tafin hannunsu, don haka ana buƙatar safofin hannu masu duhu don magance su. Idan matsala ta faru, dabbar za ta ciji fata ta rataye a hannu ko kafa, ta kama shi a wuya kuma ta buge ta da wuya a hancin - saurin ya huce.
- Babban mummunan cutar dabbobi ita ce kwayar cutar ta Aleut. Bayyanar cututtuka: zawo, ƙi abinci, ulcers da jini a cikin rami na baka. Kusan duk mutane sun mutu.
- Ba a buƙatar Mink don yanayi na musamman a cikin sel. Isasshen gado, masu ciyarwa, kwanukan sha. Kar a manta game da qofofin da suka dace don hanzarta da anniyar cire dabbar daga cikin keji.
- Minks a cikin minks suna faruwa a farkon bazara. A watan Yuni cubs sun bayyana. A cikin brood guda ɗaya, yawanci 6-10 crumbs. Matar tana tanadin ciyar da su da kansa. Ita kuma tana kawar da mai rauni kanta.
- Mink zuriya suna da babban rayuwa rayuwa. An tabbatar da gwaje-gwaje: a -10 ° C yara zasu fada cikin yanayin tashin hankali, amma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar kowane zafi zasu sake rayuwa.
Siffofin Karfi
Abincin kifayen dabbobi ya samo asali ne saboda wadatar da aka samu na wadatar shekara shekara na wannan kayan abinci. Maharbi yayi ƙoƙari ya zaɓi raguna ko ɗakunan ajiya na gidan. Bugu da kari, mink yana iyo da ruwa mai zurfi. Babu kifi - yana ci akan mollusks, kananan rodents (har ma squirrels), macizai, crayfish, frogs, tsuntsaye (gami da na gida) ko ma kwari.
Dabbobin kuma sukan yi tafiya a kan rassa kuma ta lalata inda take kusa da tsuntsaye. Yana cin abinci 200 g kawai a rana. Idan farauta ya kawo abin da ya fi girma, mai farautar yakan tanadi makamancin sa.
Game da kamun kifi mara nasara, yana iya cin namomin kaza na ɗan lokaci, berries, tushen ko tsaba. A kusa da matsugunai, mutanen da ke daji sukan ziyarci filayen shara da shara. Amma ba kasafai suke komawa cin abinci ba ko kuma rasa nama, a cikin matsanancin yanayi.
Game da farauta mai nasara, mink na iya rushe rayuwar da ba ta dace ba kuma ta tafi farauta da rana.