An yi la'akari da crocodile Philippine mai wuce gona da iri ga tarin tarin tattalin arzikin tsibiri. Har zuwa 1989, an gano wannan dabba mai rarrafe tare da New Guinean crocodile (Crocodylus novaeguinae), tare da haɗa su cikin jinsuna ɗaya, amma yanzu an tabbatar da kukan da yake rayuwa a cikin Filipinas a matsayin ɗan adam mai 'yanci.
Abin takaici, jinsin na cikin haɗari - a cewar masana, mutane sama da 200 ne ke rayuwa a cikin kewayon. Dalilin, amma mafi yawan waɗannan labarun baƙin ciki, aiki ne na ɗan adam. Kamewa, hanyar sadarwa da hanyar samar da kamun kifi, gurbacewa da rage yanayin mazaunan dabbobi sun sanya yawancin dabbobi, ciki har da macijin Philippine a gefen rami.
Wataƙila muhimmiyar rawa a cikin duka lalata waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe masu rarrabuwar kawuna an yi su da maɓallin kukan, wanda aka san shi da shi a zamanin nan. A bayyane yake cewa Filipinos ba sa son waɗannan halittu masu rarrafe, kuma duk macen da ta juya za ta faɗa ƙarƙashin ikon “vean fanso”. A yaren Filipinos, kalmar "crocodile" har ma ana ɗaukarta wani nau'i ne na sunan barkwanci.

A halin yanzu, doka ta ba da kariya ga wannan karnukan, wanda ya haramta yin kisan wadannan dabbobi. Zartar da wannan doka zata same shi da tarar kusan $ 2,500.
Zahirin hukunci na musamman game da tsintsayen ruwa na kasar Filipino ta hanyar hujja mai ban mamaki - a karshen karni na karshe, kwararren masani Dakta Brady Barr ya so ya gani da idanun sa kowane nau'in karnukan zamani. Babban aiki a gare shi shi ne ya samo macen Filipino - kawai bayan wasu 'yan makonni na bincike mai rauni, ɗayan tsoffin samfuran sun bayyana a gaban idanun masanin.

An shirya bayanin kimiyya na Philippine crocodile a shekara ta 1935 ta shahararren masanin kimiyyar dabbobi na Amurka (i.e., kwararre a cikin amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe da kuma amintattu) Carl Schmidt Patterson, yana ba shi sunan binomial Kwakwalwar zuciya (Mindoro yana ɗayan tsibiran Philippine).
Yawanci, a cikin bayanan kimiyya, ana kiran wannan kifin kamar "macijin Philippine", amma wani lokacin akwai sunaye kamar "macijin Mindoro" da "Yunƙan ruwa mai tsafta na Philippine" (rarrabe shi daga macijin da ke hade da teku).

A halin yanzu, ana iya samun macijin Philippine a tsibiran tsibiran kamar Busuanga, Holo, Luzon, Masbate, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros da Samar, duk da haka, yayin da za a kara wannan labarin, yana yiwuwa a kan kowane tsibiran da ke sama na ƙarshe da wannan sanannen abu mai rarrafe ya mutu.

Yana zaune a cikin jikunan ruwa na ruwa, galibi waɗanda aka rufe (tafkuna, fadama, tafkunan, tafkunan ruwa, da sauransu). Ba haka ba da daɗewa, yanki na Philippine croicodile ya rufe tsibiran da yawa na tarin tsibirin Malay, amma a halin yanzu an adana wannan kariyar a Philippines kawai. Kamar yadda yake ga sauran rakumannkun yankuna na Yammacin Gabar Pacific, yankin karkara na Philippine ya mamaye yankin babban dabbar da ke da rikice-rikice - teku (combed) kada. Don wani lokaci, masanan dabbobi sun dauki maɗakar Philippine wani nau'in maciji mai rikicewa, sannan (kamar yadda muka ambata a sama) - Sabuwar kasar Guinea da ke yamma.

Waɗannan ƙananan karnuka ne, maza waɗanda a cikin yanayi na musamman suke girma sama da mita uku (rikodin 310 cm tare da nauyin 40 kilogiram). Tsawon tsinkaye na balagaggun jima'i shine mita 1.5 da nauyinsa 15 kg. Mata suna da ƙarancin haske fiye da maza.

Fitowar crocodile Philippine ana san shi da wani babban murtadi (idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran karnukan dake zaune a yankin Yammacin Pacific). Wadannan macizai suna kama da yara masu fasadi na waje, wanda yawancin su ake rikitar dasu, kuma saboda darajar "mummunan" ta karshen, mutanen yankin sun lalata su gaba daya.
Doarfin rsauke da ƙarfi, faranti kasusuwa suna kiyaye jikin ƙananan dabbobi daga maƙiya.
Launin jiki shine launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, ciki shine mafi sauƙi A duk faɗin jiki da wutsiya, yawanci akwai ɓarna mai duhu da ke kusan duhu. Tare da shekaru, launi ya zama duhu kuma mai monotonous, yana samun inuwa mai launin shuɗi.
Yawan hakora 66-68.
Kamar dai sauran fasalulluka na rayuwar wannan abincin mai rarrafe, ba a san rayayyiyar rayuwar macijin Filipino.

Abincin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ya ƙunshi yawancin dabbobi masu ruwa-ruwa - kifi, amphibians, amphibians, mollusks, waterfowl, crustaceans, da kuma matsakaitan dabbobin ƙasa masu tsaka-tsakin yanayi, ba da gangan ba kusa da wurin kwanton da mahaukaci ya kafa.
Babu wani bayani game da lokuta na kai harin a kan mutane. Ana iya ɗauka cewa saboda girman girmanta, wannan farfadiya ba ta kawo babban haɗari ga ɗan adam.

Anyi nazari kan sakin jiki cikin bauta. Mace ta gina karamin bulan ƙaramin gida na ciyawar da datti (kimanin rabin mita sama da m 1.5 a diamita), sannan ta sanya ƙwai 7 zuwa 20 a ciki.
Haɗaɗuwa yana ɗan ƙasa da watanni uku, sannan tinyan ƙaramar rakumi game da ƙyallen ƙarancin keɓaɓɓe daga ƙwai.
Mace tana kare oviposition, kuma dan wani lokaci tana kulawa da zuriya.

Tunda kallo Kwakwalwar zuciya yana cikin hadari, an sanya matsayin kiyayewa CR - cikin mawuyacin hali.

Alamomin waje na kunar bakin wake na Philippine

Kyakyawan Filipinus shine ɗan ƙaramin nau'in karnukan ruwa. Yana da gabaɗaɗɗen gaban ƙyalli da manyan makamai a bayansa. Jikin yana da kusan mita 3,22, amma yawancin mutane sun fi kankanta. Maza kusan mita 2.1 ne, kuma mace tana da tsayi mita 1.3.

Filipino ko Mindor kada (Crocodylus mindorensis)

Karuwan sikeli a bayan kai daga 4 zuwa 6, sikeli mai ciki na ciki daga 22 zuwa 25, da kuma ma'aunin juzu'i 12 a tsakiyar jikin. Matasa a saman suna launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi tare da raɗaɗin duhu mai duhu, da fari a sashinsu na iska. Yayin da kake tsufa, fata na macijin Philippine ya yi duhu kuma ya koma launin ruwan kasa.

Croaddamar da yanki na Filipino

Kyakyawan Philippine ya daɗe yana zaune a tsibirin Philippine - Dalupiri, Luzon, Mindoro, Masbat, Samar, Holo, Busuanga da Mindanao. Dangane da rahotanni na baya-bayan nan, wannan nau'in halittun masu rarrafe yana nan a Arewacin Luzon da Mindanao.

Kyakyawan Philippine ya daɗe yana zaune a tsibirin Philippine

Habitatsiyanci na Filipino

Yawa Philippine ya fi son ƙananan ciyayi, amma kuma yana zaune a cikin tafkuna masu zurfin ruwa da kwari, tafkunan wucin gadi, rafi mara zurfi, rafukan bakin teku da tsirrai. Yana faruwa a cikin manyan manyan koguna tare da saurin gudana.

A cikin tsaunuka na yadawa a tsawan tsawan tsawan mita 850.

An lura da shi a cikin Sierra Madre a cikin koguna masu sauri tare da rapids da kuma wuraren waha zurfi tare da layin dutse. Ana amfani da kogon dutse kamar mafaka. Yawa Philippine ya kuma ɓoye cikin ɓoye a cikin yashi da bakin ruwa na kogin.

Makiyan Filipin Philippine

Mace da namiji na macijin Philippine ya fara farawa yayin da suka sami tsawon tsayi na mita 1.3 - 2.1 kuma suka kai nauyin kilo 15. Aikin bushewa da tsinkaye suna faruwa a lokacin rani daga Disamba zuwa Mayu. Kwai-kwanciya yakan zama daga watan Afrilu zuwa Agusta, tare da kiwo mafi girma a farkon lokacin damina a watan Mayu ko Yuni. Kututtukan Philippine suna aiwatar da kwanciya ta biyu bayan watanni 4-6 bayan na farko. Abubuwan halittu masu rarrafe na iya samun tsawan guda uku a shekara. Girman girma yana ɗauka daga 7 zuwa 33 qwai. Lokacin shiryawa cikin yanayi yana 65 - 78, 85 - 77 a cikin bauta.

Mace da namiji na macijin Philippine ya fara farawa yayin da suka sami tsawon tsayi na mita 1.3 - 2.1 kuma suka kai nauyin kilo 15.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an gina gidan ta macen macen Filipino a hako ko a bakin kogin, wani kandami a nisan nisan mita 4 - 21 daga gefen ruwan. An gina ciyayi a cikin rani daga ganye bushe, ciyawar, ganye bamboo da ƙasa. Yana da matsakaicin tsayi na cm 55, tsawon mita 2, nisa na mita 1.7. Bayan kwanciya qwai, namiji da mace sukanyi jujjuya kwayar ido. Bugu da kari, mace tana ziyartar gidanta a kai a kai ko da sassafe ko kuma da yamma.

Siffofin halayen Philippine

Crowararrakin Philippine suna nuna halayya sosai ga juna. Yankakkun yankuna suna nuna rashin jituwa game da rikice-rikice, ƙirƙirar yankuna daban-daban dangane da bayyananniyar bayyananniyar riga a cikin shekara ta biyu na rayuwa. Koyaya, ba a lura da rikice-rikice tsakanin tsofaffi ba wasu lokuta nau'i-nau'i na karnuka manya suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa guda. Tsutsotsi kuma suna raba wurare daban-daban a cikin manyan koguna yayin fari, lokacin da matakan ruwa ke ƙasa, suna tarawa a cikin tafkunan ruwa da rafuffuka a lokacin damina, lokacin da koguna ke da babban ruwa.

Matsakaicin mafi girman kullun da namiji ke ɗauka shine 4,3 km a rana kuma 4 kilomita ga mace.

Namiji na iya motsawa zuwa mafi girma, amma ƙasa da akai-akai. Gidaje masu dacewa da maciji na Philippine yana da matsakaicin matsakaiciyar kwarara da deptharancin zurfin, sannan faɗin ya kamata ya zama matsakaicin. Matsakaicin matsakaici tsakanin mutane kusan mita 20.

Yawwa Philippine ya fi son kananan ciyayi, amma kuma yana zaune a cikin jikunan ruwa na ruwa da fadama

Shirye-shiryen tare da ciyayi a gefen gabar tafkin an fi son su da matattara, matashi, yayin da suke cikin dabbobin tare da buɗaɗɗun ruwa da manyan rijiyoyin, manya sun zaɓi yin ɗumi.

Kala launi na fata na crocodile na Filipinus na iya bambanta dangane da yanayin ko yanayin maimaitawa. Bugu da kari, tare da jaws a bude, launin rawaya mai haske ko ruwan lemo alama ce mai gargaɗi.

Abincin Filipino na abinci

Filipaukatattun matattarar 'yan ƙasar Filipino suna ciyar da:

• katantanwa
• jatan lande
• mazari
• karamin kifi.

Abubuwan abinci don maganin dabbobi masu rarrafe sune:

• babban kifi
• aladu
• karnuka
• malay
• macizai
• tsuntsaye.

A cikin zaman talala, dabbobi masu rarrafe ke ci:

• teku da ruwa mai kyau,
• naman alade, naman alade, kaji da offal,
• jatan lande, naman minced da farin mice.

Daraja ga mutum

An lalata karnukan Philippine a kai a kai don nama da fata, daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 1970. Qwai da kajin sun fi rikice-rikice fiye da manya. 'Ya'yan kwari, sa ido, ƙwayaye, alade, karnuka masu gajeran zango, bera da sauran dabbobi na iya cin ƙwai daga inda babu hagu. Hatta karewar iyaye daga gida da zuriya, wanda yake shine muhimmin karbuwa daga jinsin akan magabatan, baya kubuta daga halaka.

Yanzu wannan nau'in halittu masu rarrafe yana da wuya sosai saboda haka ba shi da ma'amala game da dabbobi masu ganima don kyawawan fata. Kawancin Filipinas lamari ne mai hatsari ga dabbobi, kodayake yanzu ba sa samun kusancin ƙauyuka don yin babban tasiri kan yawan dabbobin gida, don haka ba a ɗauke haɗarinsu a matsayin babbar barazana ga mutane ba.

Kyakyawan Filibiya yana kan jerin IUCN Red tare da matsayi - da haɗari.

Matsayin kiyayewa daga kadawar Philippine

Kyakyawan Filibiya yana kan jerin IUCN Red tare da matsayi - da haɗari. Aka ambata a Shafi I CITES.

Dokar namun daji ta sami kariya daga Dokar Karewar daji tun 2001 da Ofishin Kula da Namun daji (PAWB).

Ma'aikatar Kariya da Muhalli (MOPR) ita ce mai ɗaukar nauyin kare karnuka da adana mazauninsu. IPRF ta kirkiro da shirin sake kera bakin hauren Philippine na kasa don adana wannan jinsin daga rugujewa.

Asibitin farko a Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Silliman (CCP), da sauran shirye-shirye don rarraba nau'in halittu masu saurin gaske, suna magance matsalar sake haifar halittar. MPRF tana da yarjejeniyoyi da yawa tare da wuraren kiwon dabbobi a Arewacin Amurka, Turai, Ostiraliya da aiwatar da shirye-shirye don adana tsabtataccen sifa.

Gidauniyar Mabuwaya tana aiki don adana nau'in halitta mai saurin magana, tana sanar da jama'a game da ilimin halittar C. mindorensis kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga kariyar ta ta hanyar samar da ajiyar. Bugu da kari, ana aiwatar da shirye-shiryen bincike tare da hadin gwiwa tare da Tsarin Kagayan kwari na Kare Muhalli da Ci gaba (CVPED). Studentsaliban Dutch da Filipino suna kirkirar bayanan bayanai waɗanda suke tattara bayanai game da kariyar Philippine.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Halaye

Kyakyawan Philippine yana da matsananciyar damuwa ga Philippines. Wannan ɗan ƙaramin abu ne, kada ruwa a ciki. Yana da babban murabba'i mai kauri da faranti kasusuwa a baya (nauyi dorsal carapace). Waɗannan ƙananan nau'ikan ƙananan halaye ne, suna isa zuwa ga balaga na kiban 1.5 m (4.9 ft) da 15 kilo (33 fam) a duka jinsi da matsakaicin girman kusan 3.1 m (10 ft). Mata sun yi karanci fiye da maza. Cwatsun Philippine launin ruwan gwal mai launin shuɗi a launi, wanda yake duhu yayin da suke girma.

Rarraba da wurin zama

An lalata karuwan nan na Philippine a Samara, Khol, Negros, Masbat da Busuang. Har yanzu dai jama’ar suna rayuwa a cikin Lambun Tsararru na Saliyo na Arewacin Siri a cikin gandun daji na Luzon, San Mariano, Isabela, Dalupiri Island a Babuyan, Abra (lardin) a Luzon da Lawalwasan Marsh, Kogin Cebu a Kudancin Cotabato, Kogin Pulangi a Bukidnon, kuma mai yiwuwa , a cikin Hanyar Kula da Yanayi ta Agusan Marsh a Mindanao. Wannan ya kasance tarihi a wasu bangarori na Visayas kuma an rage ɗakuna ba zato ba tsammani, galibi lalata gidaje. Wadannan kifayen suna cin kifin mara lafiya har zuwa mafi girman kifin lafiya, ta haka ne za a iya inganta lafiyar kifin kifayen. Ganima a kan mafi yawan abincin kifi, suna daidaita yawan kifaye, kowane nau'in halitta wanda ya mamaye zuriyarsa an mayar da shi daidai gwargwado. Naman tsintsiya yana da abinci mai kyau ga kifi kuma yana ƙunshe da mahimman kemikal.

Matsayin Kariya

Ana daukar cutar Crocodylus mindorensis a matsayin babbar hadari ga nau'ikan macijin a duniya, wanda aka jera shi da IUCN da ke cikin haɗari. 100ididdigar 100 ba tare da fuskoki ba, yana tabbatar da rayuwar mazaunin mahimmancin yanayin halittar. Kodayake an taɓa samun wannan nau'in a duk faɗin Philippines, a halin yanzu yana cikin haɗari. Bugu da kari, ba a san komai game da tarihin yanayin halitta ko ilimin halittar dabbobi, ko dangantakarta da Kocin Crocodylus wanda kewayonsa yake rufewa. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don sanin kewayon na yanzu. Ragewar farko na yawan jama'a ta hanyar amfani da kasuwanci ne, kodayake a halin yanzu barazanar ta fito ne daga korar wuraren zama na gari don dalilai na aikin gona don gamsar da haɓakar haɓaka. Tallafin jihar don kowane matakan kiyayewa yana da iyaka, kuma yawancin mazaunan karkanda ke kashe karkara. Wannan halin yana buƙatar canza ta hanyar shirye-shiryen ilimi. Dogaye na farauta da saki (ta hanyar PWRCC, Jami'ar Silliman da cibiyoyin kiwo na ƙasa) ana ƙididdige su azaman mafi kyawun hanyar da za a iya ɗauka a halin yanzu, kodayake tsarin gudanarwa yana wajabta sauran ragowar gandun daji (yawancinsu suna zaune ne a yanki guda kawai da kariya). A cikin 1992, lessasa da dabbobi 1,000 da aka kiyasta zasu ci gaba da zama a cikin daji. A 1995, an sake kimanta wannan kimar ta zama marasa 'yan ci-rani fiye da 100 (ba a ƙidaya kajin ba cikin binciken saboda yawan rayuwarsu yana ƙasa sosai). Ofaya daga cikin barazanar da ke raguwar yawan mutanen Filifin ita ce crocodile saboda ba daidai ba ce.A cikin mafi yawan al'umar kasar Filipino, an dauki yakamunda ke da hatsari a idanun mutane idan aka kwatanta su da jami'an gwamnati da jami'an tsaro. Suna mutunta mazaunan 'yan asalin, kamar bincike tsakanin mazaunin Lake Panlabuhan na dindindin, wani mashahurin malamin lardin Agusan Marsh, ɗaukar karnuka tsakanin waɗannan mazaunan yana da matukar girma, kuma tsinkayen su game da haɗarin yana da ƙaranci. Koyaya, Haɗin yana da matsaloli tare da hoton mutanen waje. Saboda mutane da yawa, ana ɗaukar su cannibals. A zahiri, kada ya mutu ba zai tayar da mutane ba har sai an tsokane shi.

Kisan gwanayen alama shine babban dalilin rage adadin wannan nau'in. A arewa maso gabas Luzon, an aiwatar da tsarin kiyayewa na al'umma a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tsarin Kula da Tsabtace Kare da Cikakken Tsarin Ciki (CRC) tare da maƙasudin cimma nasarar daidaituwa irin wannan yawu da mutanen karkara.

A shekara ta 2007, mutane da yawa a cikin Philippines suka kafa ƙungiyar kwararru waɗanda ke shiga cikin abubuwan kare karnukan. Consungiyar Kula da Kayan Haurobiya na Filipinas da Cibiyar Kula da Zoological na HerpaWorld suna aiki don gabatar da shirye-shiryen adanawa da saki. C. mindorensis Idan aka kama shi a wani yanki na tsohon yanki a arewacin tsibirin Luzon har sai da aka kama samfurin a San Mariano, Isabela, a 1999. Waɗanda suka kama shi sun ambaci sunan "Isabela", saboda kulawar. Har zuwa lokacin da aka fito dashi a watan Agusta na 2007, samfurin shine 1.6 m lokacin da aka sake shi.

Yawa Philippine ya zama doka ta ba shi kariya a shekara ta 2001 tare da zartar da Dokar Republican 9147, wanda aka sani da Dokar Kare daji. Zai zama hukuncin kisan macizon, tare da babban hukuncin ₱ 100,000 (daidai da $ 2,500). Babu Majalisar Dattijan Philippine da ta gabatar da wani kuduri. 790 Mayu 31, 2012, don ci gaba da karfafawa da fadada dokokin da suke wanzu don kare macijin Philippine da na teku.

Kafofin watsa labarai

An gabatar da wannan karwan Enididdigar masu haɗari na ƙasa da na Nationalasa Dokta Brady Barr ne ya gudanar da hakan. A bangare daya, Barr yayi niyyar zama mutum na farko da ya ga irin nau'ikan yanan duniya. An yi sa'a, ya iya ganin kadaiton Philippines a cikin kusan makwanni biyu.

An yiwa kifin yaren mutanen Filipino a cikin GMA News Born To Be Wild. Sun rubuta cewa tururuwa masu zafi, wutar nau'ikan masu cinyewa, ba su da lalacewa, ƙoshin yara. Theungiyar kafofin watsa labarai ta ceci gida daga harin tururuwa. Sun kuma yi rubuce-rubucen karnukan Filipino na manya.

Tarihi da tatsuniyoyi

Mutanen Tagalog na zamanin da sun yi imani cewa ran wanda ya mutu yana faruwa ne daga tsakiyar duniya a kowane Poppy (wurin da turare masu kyau ke tafiya) ko Kasanaan (wurin ya kasance mugayen ruhohi suna zuwa) ta wurin taimako buwaya , wani dodon kunnuwa da fata mai raɗaɗi da kabari da aka makale a bayansa, an rufe shi da fata. Kodayake an dauke shi mai tsarki ne, to buwayas Har ila yau, suna tsoron yadda za su iya kai hari ga mutane masu rai, ɗaure su a cikin kabarinsu, da kuma gangara da rayuwar lahira bayan an kawo mutum ko dai Maca ko Kasanaan , yadda yakamata ya kawo rayayye kawai zuwa gawar mamaci, kamar yadda jikin ya riga ya mutu. Duk da tsauraran matakan buwaya , yana da matukar tsarki ga tsohuwar Tagalogs har ya kai ga kashe mutum (tare da kabari ko a'a) hukuncin hukuncin kisa.