Babban tushen kuma mai hatsarin gaske gurbata muhalli ana kera mutum ne, tunda mutum ne, da kuma sakamakon ayyukansa, waɗanda suka shafi tushen da canza yanayin.

Yanayin iska mai tsafta na iya zama m (ƙurar masana'antu) ruwa da na man shafawa, kuma yana da sakamako mai cutarwa nan da nan bayan an canza magungunan kemikal a cikin yanayin, ko kuma tare da wasu abubuwan.

An kuma yi la’akari da gurɓatar ƙwayoyin cuta ta halittar Anthropogenic:

Kwayar cuta

Babban hanyoyin gurbata yanayi sune:

• zafi da ruwa mai wuta, tsirrai kan makamashin nukiliya da tsirrai masu ƙonewa da iskar gas
• sufuri, da farko abin hawa
• ferrous da ba ferrous ƙarfe
• aikin injiniya
• sunadarai
• hakarwa da sarrafa kayan albarkatun ma'adinai
• bude hanyoyin (hako ma'adinai, ƙasa mai tushe, gini)
• watsi da aiki tare da hakar, aiki da kuma adana abubuwan abubuwa na rediyoaktif

Rarrabuwa ta nau'ikan asali

Akwai nau'ikan tasiri 3 na ɗan adam akan yanayin, wanda aka ƙaddara shi da nau'in asalin:

• sinadarai (sashi)
• ilmin halitta,
• ta zahiri (parametric).

Wani lokaci, gurɓataccen inzanin keɓewa daban, wanda yake da alaƙa da zuriyar dabbobi, halittar ƙasa da sauran nau'ikan zuriyar dabbobi.

Chemical

Haɓaka abubuwa daban-daban zuwa cikin mahallin halitta da canji a cikin tsarin ƙirar sunadarai yana haifar da karuwa a cikin haɗakar abubuwan micro da macro, ma'adinai da abubuwan adanawa waɗanda ba halayyar yanayin halitta ba, waɗanda ke shafar kai tsaye ruwa, ƙasa, iska kuma, daidai da, rayayyun halittu.

Misalan gurbataccen sinadarai: zubar da kayayyakin mai a jikin ruwa, sanya tarin karafa mai nauyi a cikin kasar.

Halittu

Tsabtace halittu na yanayi ya ƙunshi ƙaruwar adadin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa, yanayi da jikin ruwa. Wadannan na iya zama ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, protozoa, tsutsotsi, saprophytes, babban haɗarin wanda shine yaduwar cututtuka da sauran cututtuka.

Tushen gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta shine zubar da samfuran ƙwayoyin cuta, makamai masu guba da ɓata sakamakon injiniyan kwayoyin. Sau ɗaya a cikin ƙasa, iska da ruwa, sun zama ƙasa mai kiba don cuta, yana haifar da ƙaruwa a yawan jama'arsu, bayan haka waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna shiga jikin mutum da abinci, ruwan sha da iska mai sha.

Daga cikin dukkanin hanyoyin labarai na halitta, hydrosphere shine mafi yawan saurin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Na jiki (siga)

Tsabtace jiki na dabi'a yana da alaƙa da yaduwar wakilan ƙasashen waje waɗanda ke keta mutuncin yanayin halittu da hanyoyin nazarin halittu. An kasu kashi biyu:

• zafi (yawan zafin jiki ya karu),
• amo (increaseara girma a yarda da wani ko wani nau'in),
• lantarki (mummunan tasirin filayen lantarki),
• radadi (nau'ikan nau'ikan radiation).

Fitar da hasken rana yana da haɗari a cikin wannan zai iya shafar ba kawai wasu nau'in a ainihin lokacin ba, har ma da zuriya.

Siffofin gurbata lafiyar jikin mutum

A gefe guda, ya kamata a ambaci yanayin ƙazamar inganci da adadi. Na farko shine saboda bayyanar yanayin yanayin abubuwa da abubuwan da ba'a san shi ba (alal misali, sakin filastik cikin jikin ruwa).

Utionarancin gurbatawa yana da alaƙa da wuce haddi na maida hankali ko adadin wasu abubuwa da abubuwan da ake gabatarwa a koyaushe a yanayin yanayi, amma a cikin adadi kaɗan (alal misali, baƙin ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa).

Babban gurɓatattun abubuwa da tushen su

Sakamakon asalin rashin lafiyar ɗan adam, dubban abubuwa daban-daban suna fitowa a cikin mahallin, waɗanda ke haifar da ƙazamai iri iri kuma galibi ba a tantance su. Mafi girman kaso na waɗannan abubuwan ana lissafta su ta hanyar carbon monoxide, wanda ya bayyana sakamakon ayyukan TPP da zirga-zirga.

Babban gurɓatattun abubuwa kuma sun haɗa da:

• carbon,
• nitrogen (tushen - mai ƙonawa, sakamakon - ruwan sama na acid),
• sulfur (tushen - man mai, sakamakon - m ruwan sama acid),,
• kolori (asalin shi ne masana'antar sinadarai, abin da ya haifar shi ne guba kwayoyin halittu),
• carbon monoxidea (tushen - motoci tare da injin konewa na ciki, masana'antu, tsirrai masu wuta),
• sulfur dioxide (Babban asalin shine tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi).

Kwanan nan, tasirin abubuwa masu haɗari sakamakon abin da ke haifar da rashin lafiyar ɗan adam ya zama bala'i a duniya. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa kowannensu ya cutar da ƙasa, ruwa da abubuwan da ke tattare da yanayin, suna ƙoƙarin inganta mummunan tasirin juna.

Halin yanayin gurɓatarwar anthropogenic

Kowa, da saninsa ko a'a, amma koyaushe yana ba da gudummawa ga gurɓatar biosphere. Duk wani yanki da ke motsa jiki yana haifar da gurbata yanayi. Don haka ƙarfe ƙarfe yana lalata ruwan da ake amfani dashi a cikin samarwa, kuma sakamakon haɗuwa da abubuwa masu lahani suna shiga cikin sararin samaniya. Bangaren makamashi ya shafi amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan man fetur - mai, gas, mai, wanda a yayin konewar shima yana fitar da gurɓataccen iska a cikin iska.

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Yawan kwararar masana'antu da ruwa na gida zuwa koguna da tafkuna yana haifar da mutuwar ɗaruruwan ɗumbin jinsin da sauran halittu masu rai. Yayin fadada ƙauyuka, kadada na gandun daji, kwari, fadama da sauran abubuwan halitta suna lalacewa.

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Daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da dan Adam ke kawowa shine matsalar datti da sharar gida. Ana fitarwa a kai a kai a kan magunan ƙasa da ƙonewa. Abubuwan da aka lalata da kayan konewa suna gurɓata ƙasa da iska. Wata matsala ta taso daga wannan - wannan shine rushewar wasu kayan. Idan an sake yin amfani da na'urar buga labarai, kwali, sharar abinci a cikin 'yan shekaru, tayoyin motoci, polyethylene, filastik, gwangwani, batura, zanen yara, gilashi da sauran kayan ƙirar ƙarni da yawa.

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C Harta da yanayin

Lokacin da taro na sinadarai da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin iska suka tashi, sai su shiga cikin abubuwan halittar halittu masu rai, suna haifar da maye gurbi, somatic, cututtuka, da cututtukan oncological, zaunar da su akan ruwa, tsirrai, ƙasa, daga baya kuma suka shiga kwayoyin ta hanyar narkewa.

Bugu da kari, abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli kamar ramuka na ozone, ruwan sama na acid, dumamar yanayi.

Iri anthropogenic gurbata yanayi

Takaita cutar da mutum ya haifar wa duniya, za a iya bambanta nau'ikan gurbata yanayi, wanda asalin asalin rashin lafiyar dabbobi ne:

Ta hanyar ma'auni, gurɓatar rashin lafiyar ɗan adam na biosphere ya bambanta tsakanin gida da yanki. A yanayin yayin da gurbataccen iska yayi yawa, yaduwar duk duniya, ya kai matsayin duniya.

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Ba shi yiwuwa a kawar da matsalar gurbatawar anthropogenic, amma ana iya sarrafa shi. Don yin wannan, ya zama dole a yi amfani da albarkatun ƙasa yadda yakamata, don gudanar da ayyukan kariya na muhalli, zuwa zamani duk kamfanonin masana'antu, da haɓaka haɓakarsu. A halin yanzu, ƙasashe da yawa suna aiwatar da shirye-shirye don inganta yanayin kuma suna ƙoƙarin rage mummunan tasirin masana'antu ga yanayin, wanda ke haifar da kyakkyawan sakamako na farko.

C Harta da hydrosphere

Abubuwa daban-daban na gurbata yanayi cikin ruwa suna da haɗari a bangarori daban-daban:

• rushe rayuwar kananan halittu da halittu masu rai da ke rayuwa cikin ruwa (alal misali, mutuwar kifaye da dabbobi masu shayarwar ruwa sakamakon fadawa cikin jaka a filastik, kwalayen sanannu ne),
• canza abun ruwan sha da kuma haifar da ci gaban cututtuka, shiga jikin mutum da abubuwa masu rai,
• inganta haɓakar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cutawadanda ke haifar da “Bloom” na ruwa da kwantar da gas mai guba cikin sararin samaniya,
• shiga ƙasa, daga inda a nan gaba - ga tsirrai, namomin kaza, berries, kayan amfanin gona, sannan kuma ga jikin abubuwa masu rai da abinci.

Bayyanai

Canje-canje a cikin yanayin da aka haifar da ayyukan ɗan adam ana kiransa tasirin anthropogenic. Kusan shekaru dubu 40, mutane, suna ƙoƙarin lalata yanayin, suna haɓaka yanayin juyin halitta. Wannan tsari ba za a kira shi da kyau ko ingantacce ba; mutum yana iya lura da waɗannan abubuwan da kuma sauran sakamakon rashin lafiyar ɗan adam. Asali, ana bambanta nau'ikan ayyukan ɗan adam dangane da yanayi:

• hallakaswa (ko lalata) - yawan amfani da albarkatun kasa, gurbata muhalli na muhalli, lalata lahani na ozone, da sauransu.
• mai kwantar da hankali - tsarin dawo da aiki, lalata abubuwan da ke gurbatawa (tsirrai, iskar gas), raguwar adadin albarkatun ƙasa da aka yi amfani da shi (raguwa a cikin mai, gas, haɓakar mai saboda fitowar sababbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi),
• ingantacciya - maido da yanayin ƙasa, faɗaɗa yanki na “kore bangarori”, canjin zuwa motocin lantarki, bangarorin hasken rana da sauran matatun mai da makamashi waɗanda ba cutarwa ga muhalli.

Ayyukan lalata sun mamaye a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon karni na 20, lokacin da a farkon juyin juya halin masana'antu suka tilasta gina masana'antu da nisa daga abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, sannan yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya ya sa ya yiwu yin tunani game da kare yanayin.

A ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 ne kawai aikin ɗan ƙasa na ƙasashe masu tasowa ya zama mai ƙarfi da farko sannan kuma ya zama mai ƙarfi. Tuni a cikin waɗannan shekarun da suka gabata na yaduwar ayyukan muhalli, motsi na muhalli, ɗan adam ya sami ci gaba: an kiyaye adadi mai yawa na dabbobi, an shuka gandun daji fiye da ƙwaya da ke Japan da yawancin ƙasashen Yammacin Turai.

Sanadin da sakamakon tasirin cutar anthropogenic

Yanayin canji na mutum shine muradin inganta rayuwar rayuwa. A kokarin kara adadin arzikin duniya, don saukakawa da rage tsadar kayayyaki, an tilasta wa mutane fara ayyukan lalacewa dangane da dabi'a - don sare gandun daji, gina madatsun ruwa, kashe dabbobi. Wannan halin yana faruwa ne ta hanyar fahimta, rashin fahimtar sakamakon tasirin ɗan adam ga yanayin.

A karni na 21, duk da bayyanar ire-iren nau'ikan samarwa na zamani, rashin bukatar wasu tsarin fasahar (tsire-tsire masu amfani da wutar), lalacewar yanayi yana ci gaba, kuma wannan yana haifar da sakamako mai zuwa:

1. Utionasa mai gurbata yanayi. Bazuwar gas mai cutarwa daga masana'antu da bututun mai, suna sauka a ƙasa, wanda hakan ke haifar da mutuwar ƙananan halittu da dabbobin ƙasa, waɗanda masanan ilmin halitta suka fassara su a matsayin "ƙasa." An hana sarkar abinci, saboda nau'ikan dabbobi sun rasa abinci mai kyau.
2. Rage haihuwa da ƙasa (matsalar ana magance matsalar ƙasa). Yana faruwa saboda rashin daidaituwar kasuwancin kasuwanci a ƙasa (shuka iri ba'a yi nufin irin wannan ƙasa ba, oversaturation tare da sunadarai da sharar gida).
3. Tasirin ɗan adam a kan ƙasa yana da alaƙa da nasaba da gurbacewar ruwa. Wannan ya shafi dukkan maɓuɓɓugan ma'adinai (adadinsu a cikin Caucasus a cikin shekaru ɗari da suka gabata ya ragu sau da yawa) da kuma ruwan da aka kirkira don dalilai na gida.
4. Kwayar cuta ta ruwa (hydrosphere). Rushe da harsashi yana faruwa ne sakamakon zubar da sharar masana'antu a jikin ruwan ruwa ba tare da magani ba. A cikin ƙasashe masu wayewa, an gabatar da takalifi na doka don irin waɗannan ayyukan, amma wannan ba ya dakatar da masu masana'antun masana'antar ƙwallaye. Kyakkyawan misali na tasirin ɗan adam akan rafin ruwa shine Lake Baikal - mafi girma a duniya, adadin datti wanda a yanzu, ya kai matsayin mai mahimmanci.
5. Gurɓatar iska. Babban tushen shine tsire-tsire mai ƙarfin burbushin. Exhaarfewar mota, magunguna da abubuwan fashewa suna da lahani. Sakamakon haka, adadin tsarkakakken oxygen a cikin iska ya ragu, kuma adadin abubuwan guba yana ƙaruwa.

Matsalar sakamakon tasirin ɗan adam a cikin muhalli ta duniya ce, amma ba mai mutuwa ba ce. 'Yan Adam na da lokaci don ayyukan maidowa da lalata hanyoyin gurbata yanayi.

Zazzabin Anthropogenic

Zazzabin Anthropogenic - wannan gurbatawar biosphere sakamakon kasancewar ƙirar halitta da ayyukan tattalin arziƙin mutane, gami da tasirinsu na kai tsaye ko a kaikaice akan yawan gurbatar yanayi. A.z. rarrabe ta yanayin bayyana:

• na jiki (na lantarki, na rediyo, haske, zazzabi, amo),
• sunadarai (mai, mai ƙarfe mai nauyi, da sauransu),
• nazarin halittu (microbial, gami da kwayan cuta),
• gurbatawar injiniyoyi (zubar da ruwa).

A.z. ya taso ne a karkashin tasirin amfani kai tsaye ta hanyar kai tsaye ko ta kai tsaye: gini, masana'antu, aikin gona, gida ko sauran ayyukan da ke haifar da raguwar ingancin yanayin halitta da haɗari ga lafiyar jama'a. Tsarin kemikal yana bayyana a cikin canji a cikin yanayin ƙirar kemikal na yanayi, haɓaka yawan ɗakunan micro-da macrocomponents idan aka kwatanta da bango, da kuma bayyanar ma'adinai da gurɓataccen abu wanda baƙon abu bane ga yanayin. Kwayoyin cuta (ko na kwayan cuta) an bayyana su a cikin bayyanar yanayin yanayin cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, musamman ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙungiyar Escherichia coli. Ana bayyana iska mai ƙarancin iska da farko a cikin yawan zafin jiki na yanayin. Zazzabi mai zafi zai iya haifar da sauran nau'in gurbatawar. Za a iya haɗuwa da gurɓataccen iska a cikin ƙasa tare da raguwa cikin abubuwan oxygen a cikin ruwa, canji a cikin tsarin sunadarai da iskar gas, '' '' '' 'ruwa' 'da kuma haɓaka abubuwan da ke cikin ɗigon ruwa. Rashin aikin rediyo yana da alaƙa da haɓaka abubuwan abubuwa na abubuwan rediyo a cikin muhalli na halitta. Ana haifar da shi ta hanyar zafin da ya haifar da gabatarwar abubuwa masu aiki ko radionuclides a cikin mahallin. Babban hanyoyin shine gwajin nukiliya da kuma aiki da tsire-tsire na wutar lantarki. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a manyan biranen da ke da ɗimbin masana'antu da wuraren aikin kimiyya ta amfani da wuraren makaman nukiliya da abubuwa na rediyo, yawan adadin filaye masu ba da izini da wuraren ajiya don sharar masana'antu da ƙuraje mai haɗari. Gurbatawar injiniyoyi shine gurbatar yanayi na dabi'a tare da abubuwanda suke da tasirin mekyau kuma sune ƙoshin jiki da chemically inert da sharar gida, kayan tattarawa, jaka filastik, da dai sauransu. Da girman yankin da A. z ya rufe, sun bambance: duniya, yanki, yanki, gurɓataccen maki. Yawancin iska a duniya shine mafi yawan lokuta lalacewa ta hanyar iska, ke haifar da nisa daga wurin da ya faru kuma yana cutar da manyan yankuna da ma duniya baki ɗaya.Tsabtace yanki ya mamaye manyan yankuna da kuma ruwan da manyan wuraren masana'antu suka shafa. Gurɓacewar ƙasa alama ce ga biranen, masana'antar masana'antu, yankunan ma'adinai, da wuraren kiwon dabbobi. A cewar A.z. emit masana'antu, sufuri, aikin gona, na birni. Matsalar gurɓataccen iska ana sarrafa shi ta ƙa'idodi daban-daban, musamman maɗaukakiyar haɓakar gurɓatattun abubuwa.

Sources:Jagorori "Tsarin tsabtace tsabtar ƙasa game da ƙasa a cikin cunkoson jama'a." - M., 1999, Orlov D.S., Sadovnikova L.K., Lozanovskaya I.N. Lafiyar Qasa da kiyaye halitta daga lokacin halittu yayin gurbatawar sunadarai, 2000, Goldberg V.M. Dangantakar gurbacewar ruwan karkashin kasa da muhalli. - L., 1987.

Iri bayyanar

Shekaru dubun dubbai, mutane sun koyi yadda za su iya shafan muhalli gabaɗayan hanyoyi daban-daban.

Masana tsabtace muhalli sun gano wurare da yawa na aikin rashin lafiyar dabbobi:

• abu - karuwa a cikin kayan kwalliyar kasa, ginin kayan fasaha (mafi yawan jama'a),
• sinadaran - magani na kasar gona (a wannan lokacin babu cutarwa da rage nau'ikan irin wadannan abubuwan),
• ilmin halitta - raguwa ko karuwa a yawan dabbobi, tsarkakewar iska,
• na inji - gishika, zubar da sharar cikin jikin ruwa.

Kowane nau'in tasiri zai iya kasancewa da amfani kuma yana cutar da yanayin. Daga fuskar kimiya, bashi yiwuwa a fitar da wani nau'in ayyukan da ke haifar da cutarwa ga dabi'a ko kiyaye shi.

Don kimanta aikin ɗan adam dangane da yanayi, masana kimiyyar kere-kere suna bincika sakamakonta kuma suna ba da halayyar tsabta. Ana auna abun da ke ciki, ana gano adadin abubuwan cutarwa a jikin ruwan kuma ana kirgaro yankin da yake (yawanci ana yin shi ne a manyan biranen). A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, akwai "ona'idoji game da saka idanu game da tsabta", waɗanda masanan muhalli ke aiki a kai.

Abun da ke tattare da gurɓatar rashin lafiyar ɗan adam

Yanayi na dabi'a ana ƙazantar da shi sosai da banbancin ci gaban masana'antar sunadarai. Abubuwan sunadarai wadanda a baya ba su cikin yanayin sun fada cikin yanayin.

Daga cikin duk gurɓatattun abubuwa na wucin gadi, mafi girman shine carbon monoxide. An fitar dasu sakamakon ayyukan tsire-tsire masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki, zirga-zirga. Sauran abubuwan da aka saki cikin yanayi - nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine:

1. Carbon.
   Idan an kwatanta shi da asalin halitta, to, rabon asusun asusun anthropogenic ba zai wuce 2% ba. Amma waɗannan ƙarin abubuwan haɗuwa na carbon suna da yawa, kuma tsire-tsire na duniya ba su da ikon ɗaure su.
2. Nitrogen.
   Kafa bayan kona mai. A lokacin konewa, ana fito da nitrogen, maida hankali ne gwargwado daidai da yawan zafin jiki na wutan. Sannan yana daurewa da iskar oxygen kuma ya fadi a cikin ruwan acid, yana tasiri daidaituwa a cikin yanayin kasa.
3. Sulfur.
   Wasu man fetur sun hada da sulfur. A lokacin konewa, sulfur da aka saki yana haɗuwa tare da hazo. Haɗin ruwan nitric da sulfuric acid yana haifar da haɓakar m "ruwan sama na acid" tare da pH na 2.0.
4. Chlorine.
   A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, yakan faru azaman ƙazamin gas ne na gas. Ana amfani da chlorine mai tsabta a cikin masana'antar sunadarai. Yana nufin da mai guba mai guba sosai. Tana da isasshen iska mai yawa, yayin haɗari tana “yaduwa” a cikin ƙasashe masu sauƙi na taimako.

Hadarin cutar anthropogenic shine yiwuwar abubuwan haɗari don haɓaka mummunan tasiri. Saboda haka, mazauna manyan biranen suna haɗarin shan “hadaddiyar giyar” tare da ba a san abubuwan da ke tattare da abubuwan cutarwa waɗanda zasu tsokani cututtukan cututtukan zuciya.

Maɓallin gurɓatar rashin lafiyar ɗan adam

Babban hanyoyin gurɓatar da iska na yanayin shine motocin haya, tashoshin ƙarfe, masana'antar masana'antu da masana'antar ƙarfe, da matatun mai. Babu ƙarancin haɗari ga yanayin shine samarwa - ƙirƙirar sutura, kayan aiki na gida, kayan wanka, abubuwan ƙarawa.

A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, matakin gurɓatar ɗ anthropogenic ya zarce na halitta, samun wadatar duniya.

Haka kuma, tasirin yana da yawa:

• tasirin kai tsaye na yanayin halittar mutum cikin yanayi - karuwa a yawan zafin jiki, matakin zafi,
• canji a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da sunadarai sakamakon haɓakar carbon dioxide, aerosols, freons,
• tasiri kan halayen farfajiyar

Ta hanyar yanayin tasirin

Lokacin da rarrabuwa ya dogara da yanayin tasirin, to, hanyoyin anthropogenic sune na jiki, sunadarai da ƙirar halitta.

• Wadanda suke zahiri sun hada da wutan lantarki, amo, zazzabi da radadi.
• Idan tasirin yana faruwa ne saboda jijiyoyin iska da ƙoshin halitta - waɗannan sune tushen sinadaran. A wannan tsari, ammoniya, aldehydes, carbon monoxide da nitrogen suna shiga cikin sararin samaniya.
• Waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa waɗanda ke aika da fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, microflora na pathogenic zuwa yanayin za a yi la'akari da nazarin halittu. A lokaci guda, ilimin halittu ya kamu ba ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta ba kawai, har ma ta samfuransu masu mahimmanci.

Ta tsarin

Kowane abu yana da tsari na musamman. Ya danganta da yanayin zahiri, gurɓatarwar ƙwayoyin cuta sune:

• Man shafawa, sakamakon fashewar mai, hanyoyin dawo da sinadarai, fasalin fasaha na fesawa.
• M, kafa yayin samarwa, aiki, sufuri.
• Liquid.

Dukkan halittu suna da ikon yadawa a cikin sararin sama, suna keta ma'aunin muhalli.

Yaya za a ƙayyade matakin gurɓataccen iska?

Don ƙayyade matakin gurɓatar rashin lafiyar ƙwayar cuta, alamomi da yawa. Wannan ya zama dole don yin la’akari da taro na abubuwan cutarwa da kuma yawan aukuwar hayaki:

1. Tsarin daidaitattun bayanai (SI).
   Mai nuna alama shine halayen matsakaicin gwargwado na lalata ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa abubuwan da ke cikin halal masu illa.
2. Mafi girman maimaitawa (NP).
   An bayyana shi azaman kashi kuma yana nuna sau nawa aka halatta maida hankali yayin watan ko shekara.
3. Manunin Tsarin iska (ISA).
   Yana nufin rikice-rikice masu rikodin rikodin mai gurɓataccen mai aiki.

Dangane da bayanan da aka samo, an ƙaddara matakin gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta:

Sakamakon gurɓataccen iska na iska

Iska mai iska da ke gurbata yanayi na haifar da ci gaba da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya da na jijiyoyin zuciya, tsarin jijiyoyin zuciya. Wani yanayi mai cike da cutarwa mai cutarwa yana cutar da dukkanin jikin kwayoyin halitta.

A cewar hukumar ta WHO, daya daga cikin dalilan da suka sanya mutuwar mutane miliyan 3 shine iska ta gurbace da abubuwa masu nauyi da hadaddun kwayoyin cuta. An ajiye su a cikin zurfin sassan huhu, sun shiga cikin gabobin da kyallen takarda.

Baya ga tasirin kai tsaye ga lafiyar ɗan adam, canje-canjen muhalli na duniya suna faruwa, ramuka mai narkewa tana ƙaruwa, ruwan sama na acid ke sauka, yanayin zafi a duniya yana tashi.

Sakamakon gurbatar iska a duniya

Ta hanyar "ramuzzukan ozone" da aka kirkira, aikin hasken rana na ratsa jiki, yana haifar da karuwar cutar fata.

Haɓaka fasahar don rage hayaƙi, amfani da wasu nau'ikan makamashi yana warware matsaloli tare da gurɓatar yanayin yanayin yanayin. Hasken rana, iska, da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfin lantarki suna samar da isasshen makamashi, amma kada kuyi ƙyamar daidaitaccen yanayin ilimin halittu.