Saukar shinge - Dabbobin da ke rayuwa a hamada, filaye, kwari. Wannan nau'in mallakar gida ɗaya ne kamar shingen talakawa, amma tsarin jikinsu da halayensu sun ɗan bambanta da irin shinge na yau da kullun. Takaitaccen shinge, ba kamar sauran wakilan wannan dangi ba, suna da kunnuwa masu tsayi, waɗanda kadan suke lanƙwasa gaba. Har ila yau, allura ta shinge shinge suma suna da aibi. Harshen shinge na sama sun yi ƙanana fiye da yadda aka saba, kuma suna gudu da sauri

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Hoto: Eared Hedgehog

Hemiechinus auritus babban hege-hege dabbobi ne dabbobi masu shayarwa wanda ya dace da umarnin kwari, dangin shinge. Akwai daya jinsin a cikin halittar - da eared shingehog. Gidan shinge shine daya daga cikin tsofaffin iyalai a duniyarmu. Wakilan farko na wannan dangin sun mamaye duniyarmu kusan shekaru miliyan 58 da suka gabata. An samo shi a Arewacin Amurka, burbushin shinge shine shekara miliyan 52. Girman jikin asalin maginin shinge shine kawai santimita 5. Tsoffin shinge sun kasance daidai da wakilan wannan gidan na zamani, amma dan kadan daban-daban a tsarin jikin mutum.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Menene babban shinge-eyard shinge yayi kama?

Dogayen shinge masu tsayi kananan dabbobi ne. Jikin babban shinge na tsawonta ya kai cm 12 zuwa 26. Girman wutsiya ita ce mm 16-23; ƙarancin Pakistan na dabbobi na wannan nau'in sun fi girma kuma tsawon cm 30. Maza sunkai nauyin gram 450, mace zata iya yin awo daga gram 220 zuwa 500. Hanya harsashi na eared shinge bai zama da na talakawa shinge. A ɓangaren ƙananan bangarorin, a kan kashin ciki da ciki akwai laushi mai laushi. A baya da bangarorin ashin tare da allurar da aka nuna a ƙarshen.

M gajeren allurai daga 17 zuwa 20 mm tsayi an rufe su da kananan tsummoki da kuma rollers. An haɗu da ƙananan shinge tare da allura mai taushi da madaidaici, da makafi. Lokacin da ya cika makonni biyu, shinge zai fara gani, koyon yadda ya kamata ya zama dunƙule baki, kuma allurar su ta ƙaruwa kuma sun zama kaifi. Dangane da mazaunin dabba, launi na allura na iya bambanta daga bambaro mai haske zuwa baƙar fata.

Makarfan ya nuna. Idanun suna kanana, zagaye. Iris duhu ne mai launi. Auricles babba har zuwa 5 cm a tsayi, kunnuwa sun ɗan sunkuyar da fuska. Gashin-baki kai tsaye. Ana iya rarrabe tsakanin cheekbones na dabbar. Akwai haƙoran haƙora 36 a cikin bakin. Wata gabar jiki nada tsawo da ƙarfi. Harshen shinge na iya gudana da sauri, kuma idan akwai haɗari an nade shi cikin ƙwallo tare da allura zuwa saman. Tsawon rayuwar shinge a cikin daji kusan shekaru 3 kenan. A cikin bauta, shinge shinge suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru har zuwa shekaru 6, wannan saboda mafi kyawun yanayin muhalli ne da kuma yanayin zaman lafiya.

Ina ne mashahurin shinge?

Hoto: Harshen Hedgehog a jeji

Mahalli na shinge shinge na yalwatacce yana da faɗi da yawa. Ana iya samo waɗannan dabbobin a cikin tutocin, ungiyar hamada na Libya, Misira, Isra'ila, Asiya oran, Pakistan da Afghanistan. Kuma suna zaune ne a Indiya, jejin Kazakhstan da kuma cikin tsaunukan Mongoliya. A Sin, ana iya samun wannan nau'in shinge ne kawai a yankin Xinjiang Uygur. A cikin kasarmu, ana samun shinge mai shinge a cikin tsaunukan yankin Volga da Novosibirsk. A cikin Urals, daga matsananci kudu maso yammacin Siberiya zuwa Dutsen Altai. Wasu lokuta ana samun su a Ukraine.

Hedgehogs zauna a wurare tare da bushe yashi kasar gona da loam. Yankunan da ba su da tsayayyuwa kamar su kwari bushe, kwari, koguna. Zauna a cikin daji tare da ciyayi masu tsayi da ciyayi marasa kyau. Ba ya son wuraren ƙonawa da ciyayi da busasshen itace. Idan ya cancanta, shinge a wasu lokutan yakan hau kan tsaunuka zuwa tsayinka ya kai mita 2400 sama da matakin teku. Don rayuwa, shinge mai zurfi ya tono rami mai zurfi har zuwa mita ɗaya a tsayi. Ramin ya rufe a waje. Wani lokacin har da shinge-shinge sun mamaye burukan wasu dabbobi.

Manyan shinge sun cika tsawon hunturu a cikin raminsu, a lokacin kaka suna hura gidansu ta hanyar jan ganye zuwa can, shirya wani gida, kuma lokacin hunturu yana rufe ƙofar rami da hibernates har zuwa lokacin bazara. Idan yana zaune kusa da ƙauyuka, zauna kusa da gidan mutumin da baya tsoron komai.

Abin da eraw shingehog ke ci?

Hoto: Mataki na jahar shinge

Kafafu masu tsagera dabbobi ne. Abincin da aka shuka ya hada da:

Daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, shinge-shinge suna son jin daɗin 'ya'yan itatuwa, berries da tsaba na tsire-tsire daban-daban. Harshen fitsari don samun abinci don kansa yana da ikon gudanarwa da sauri, waɗannan shinge suna ci gaba da sauri fiye da sauran wakilan wannan dangin. Don haka yana da matukar wahala ga wanda aka yiwa shinge don tserewa daga wannan ɗan maharbin. Bugu da ƙari, shinge mai tsayi da tsayi suna da taurin gaske, suna iya rayuwa ba tare da rashin isasshen ruwa da ruwa har zuwa makwanni 10 ba.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan babban shinge mai tsayi ya ci dabba mai dafi, ba wai kawai ba ya sami guba ba, har ma yana samar da ingantaccen kariya ga kwari daga cikin wadannan dabbobin. Misali, idan mai shinge yana jin tsoro akan maciji mai dafi, komai zai same shi, kuma nan gaba ba zai ji tsoron cizon wadannan macizai masu hatsari ba.

Ana daukar Hedgehogs a matsayin tsari na ainihi a cikin gandun daji, suna cin ƙwari masu cutarwa, ƙoshin da ke ɗauke da cututtuka iri-iri, macizai masu guba da kwari. Saboda haka, idan shinge na shinge ya zauna kusa da mazaunin mutum, mutane zasu fara ciyar da su da sanin cewa idan shinge yana zaune akan shinge na lambu, babu kwari a ciki, tunda wannan karamin maharbi zai lalata su da sauri.

Sau da yawa tsofaffin shinge mutane suna son ci gaba kamar dabbobi, amma wani lokacin yana da wahala samun abincin da heedah ke ci a yanayi. A cikin bauta, ana kuma bayar da wadataccen shinge tare da naman kaji, naman sa, qwai, nama da aka dafa, da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari, da kuma shuka iri.

Yanzu kun san yadda za ku ciyar da shinge na eared. Bari mu ga yadda dabbar ke rayuwa a cikin daji.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Ean Afirka na Hedgehog

Shinge mai tsayi ba dabbobi bane mai zafin rai tare da halayen nutsuwa. Sosai nimble da nimble. A cikin daji, yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwar yau da kullun. Yana gudu sosai. Hedgehogs suna da wahalar gani, saboda haka waɗannan dabbobin suna farauta ne da kunne. A cikin dare, shinge mai tsayi yakan iya rufe nisan mil 8-9. Da rana, mai shinge yakan shiga mafakarsa ya kwana. Don nishaɗi, tono ƙasa ta wucin gadi a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi ko bushes. Baya ga shinge na wucin gadi, babban shinge mai tsayi yana ƙirƙirar gida na gaske don kansa. Babban rami mai zurfin gaske har zuwa zurfin mita 1.5 ko kuma gidan wani ya ɗauke shi. Irin wannan rami yana kan wani tudu mai tsayi a ƙarƙashin gindin itace ko bushes. A ƙarshen ramin, an shirya rami na musamman, inda a lokacin kiwo ake haihuwar ƙananan shinge.

Dogayen shinge masu tsayi suna son kadaici kuma basa gina iyalai, ba su da abokan tarayya na dindindin, kuma ba sa cikin garken tumaki. Da kaka, shinge mai ƙarfi, mai ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Hedgehogs sun shiga cikin ɓarkewar sirri a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba, sun farka daga rashin himma a farkon Afrilu. A cikin canjin yanayin zafi, shinge mai shinge-dogon hibernate kawai in babu abinci. Rashin shinge a cikin shinge na wannan nau'in ba shi da ƙarfi kamar yadda sauran wakilan wannan dangi suke. A cikin hunturu, zai iya farka ya ci hannun jari da ya shirya wa kansa a cikin hunturu.

Waɗannan dabbobin suna kyautata wa mutane kuma ba sa tsoron mutane kwata-kwata. Suna karɓar abinci daga wurin mutum, suna jin daɗin rayuwa. Idan ka sami shinge na boge kamar dabbobi, zai kasance cikin hanzari ya saba wa mutane, ya san mai shi kuma yana saurare shi. Tare da sauran dabbobi, ba m idan akwai wani hatsari ya fara hiss, gargadi game da discontent, tsalle a kan mai laifin ƙoƙarin saka shi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Hannun shinge na ainihi ba sa son yin birgima, kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin yin komai don kada kuyi wannan. A cikin haɗari, sun yi ta ɓacin rai da tsokanar abokan hamayya, suna ƙoƙari su gudu, idan wannan bai yi nasara ba kuma hanyar rufewa, an rufe waɗannan shingayen, waɗanda ke yin laifi suna ƙoƙarin zage su da takaici. Harshen mai shinge zai shiga ball kawai idan akwai hatsarin gaske.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

HOTO: earamin shinge mai zurfi

Lokacin damuna a cikin shinge ya faɗi a cikin bazara, a lokacin lokacin kiwo a cikin mata, an saki sirri na musamman tare da pheromones. Maza suna jin wannan warin kuma ku ci gaba. Lokacin da namiji ya kusanci mace, sai ya fara rera wakarsa mai kama da kumburi. Hakanan ta fara yin zina da gudu kusa da ita bayan ɗan lokaci mace ta kuma shiga harkar wasan.

Hedgehogs suna da sirri sosai, saboda haka tsarin daskarewa ke faruwa a cikin ciyawar ciyawa. Da farko, dabbobi sun tsinci junan su, daga baya dabbobin suka shirya wani aikin hadin gwiwa. Bayan haka namiji ya yi kokarin kusancin matar. Abubuwan da wata mace ta saka a rayuwa ta yau da kullun sun zama taushi a wannan lokacin, saboda yadda karfin jini yake raguwa. Bugu da kari, shinge na dauko allurai ta hanyar nada su a hankali.

Bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin, shinge zai iya barin shinge kuma yaje ya ba da rami, ko zurfafa da fadada tsohon mazaunin. Ciki a cikin mace yana da makonni bakwai. A lokaci guda, daga 2 zuwa 6 ana haihuwar shinge a cikin shinge. Ean kananan shinge shinge lokacin da aka haife su gaba ɗaya makafi ne. Idanun suka buɗe shinge kawai bayan sati 2, cuban sanduna suna ciyar da madarar uwa. Matar ta kasance tare da ɗiyanta na farkon watanni biyu, daga baya sun sami damar barin gidan mahaifinsu. Babbar shinge sun shawo kan masu ba da rance, ba sa haifar da iyalai, ba su da abokan tarayya na dindindin. Suna mu'amala da danginsu cikin natsuwa, skirmishes na iya zama tsakanin mazan ne kawai a lokacin lokacin kiwo.

Abokan gaba na makiyaya masu sihiri

Hoto: Menene babban shinge-eyard shinge yayi kama?

Hedgehogs ba wai kawai yana jagoranci rayuwar mutane ba ce, a cikin rana akwai mutane da yawa masu ƙaddara abincin da basu damu da cin wannan ƙaramar dabba ba.

Babban makiyan halitta na shinge na shinge sune:

Fuskar shinge na zamani yana da matukar wahala. Suna gudu da sauri kuma suna ƙoƙarin tserewa idan akwai haɗari, wanda sau da yawa suka yi nasara da shi. A cikin wani matsanancin hali, yayi kisan gilla kuma yayi ƙoƙarin jefa mai laifin.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacinda maharbanta suka kawo hari shinge kuma zasu ci shi, baza su iya yin wannan ba, saboda shinge yayi birki a ƙwal. Masu shigar da farauta sun gano yadda zasu magance wannan, kawai suna yin urin onaure akan shinge, a wannan lokacin mai shinge dole ne ya juya kuma a wannan lokacin ma predan wasan ya ci shi.

Hedgehogs suna da tsayayya da yawancin poisons, suna kwantar da hankali da kwari da kwari masu guba da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ko da da yawa sinadarai guba ba masu haɗari ga shinge. Ticks yakan zauna akan shinge, a lokaci daya kuma shinge ya tattara kuma yana ciyar da ɗaruruwan waɗannan cututtukan. Bugu da ƙari, shinge-rigakafi sukan kamu da helminths. Hakanan, shingehogs suna iya kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, suna kamuwa da cututtukan dermofradites irin su Trychophyton mentagrophyte var. Erinacei da Candida albicans. Hedgehogs suna fama da cututtuka irin su salmonellosis, adenoviruses, encephalitis virus, paramyxoviruses.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Eared Hedgehog

Dogon shinge mai tsayi shine dabba mai rufin asiri, tana jagorantar rayuwa ta yau da kullun; saboda haka, girman da yakamata yayi shinge da wahalar bi. Hedgehogs sanannun dankalin turawa ne, kuma ba sa barin ramukarsu da rana, amma farauta ne da daddare. Koyaya, ana ganin wannan nau'in yana da yawa. A yanzu, nau'in yana da matsayin tabbatar da doka - nau'in da ke haifar da damuwa kaɗan. Ba ya buƙatar wani kariya ta musamman. Hedgehogs suna haɓaka cikin sauri, jure wa mummunan tasirin yanayin waje.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, shinge na wannan nau'in galibi an sa su azaman dabbobi a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, don haka wannan nau'in galibi ana gasa shi don siyarwa. Hedgehogs na wannan nau'in ana ɗaukar dabbobi masu ban mamaki, ba sa cin duri, ba kamar shinge na yau da kullun ba, ba su da ma'ana a cikin abinci da yanayi. Suna son masu su. Gaskiya ne, ga iyalai tare da yara, shinge kamar yadda dabbobin gida basu dace kamar yadda saduwa da shingen heedayah na iya haifar da rashin lafiyan yara ba.

Dangane da kariya daga shinge, Wajibi ne a yi kokarin adana wadancan wuraren da ake amfani da shinge don zauna. Don yin wannan, ya zama dole don ba da damar ajiyar wurare, wuraren shakatawa, wuraren shimfidar wurare na kore. Idan shinge na shinge suna zaune kusa da gidanka, kokarin kada kayi wulakanta su. Ciyar da waɗannan dabbobin, kuma za su ceci shafin ka daga kwari kuma su zama abokai na gaskiya.

Saukar shinge nau’i ne mai mahimmanci musamman ga aikin gona. Hedgehogs suna lalata kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɗauke da cututtukan da yawa. Yankin da ke da shinge na da matukar amfani, amma duk da cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna da kyau sosai, amma bai kamata a taɓa shinge ko kuma an ɗauke shi ba saboda ƙwararrakin haɗari da sauran cututtukan masu cutarwa suna zaune a kansu.

Habitat

Wani shinge mai dogon zango ya bazu zuwa ƙasashe da yawa a kudu maso gabashin Turai, Asiya da Arewacin Afirka. Yawancin jinsuna suna rayuwa a cikin hamada da kuma tsaunukan Kazakhstan. A cikin latitude na Rasha, ana samun shi a kan yankin Volgo steppes, Tuva da yammacin Siberiya. Wani karamin sashi na wadannan dabbobi is located in Ukraine. A matsayin mazaunin zaɓi zaɓi busassun yumbu ko ƙasa masu yashi.

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Abinci mai gina jiki

Yawancin abincin da aka gina shinge na shinge ya ƙunshi ƙananan kwari. Ana iya samunsu suna cin nau'o'in ƙwaro iri iri, ciyawar ƙasa da tsutsa kwari. A yankuna masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suna samun abinci a cikin nau'in lezards, frogs, rodents da kajin. Zasu iya cin 'ya'yan itace, berries da tsaba na tsirrai. Dogayen shinge masu dogon zango suna kamuwa da ire-iren cututtukan da yawa, saboda haka macizai masu guba da beakon na iya kasancewa a cikin abincin su, wanda ke haifar da guba mai haɗari da ake kira cantharidin.

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Dogayen shinge na dogon zango zasu iya rayuwa tsawon lokaci ba tare da abinci da ruwa ba. Bincike ya ce a cikin wannan halin suna iya kasancewa har zuwa makwanni 10.

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Mashahurin shinge na sanannu ne saboda iyawar sa ta gudu da sauri, idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan shinge. Game da maharbi, mai shinge yana birge kansa kuma yayi sauti mai kara. Hakanan iya ikon jefa abokan gaba tare da allura.

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Yadda za a ciyar da shinge na eared - bidiyo

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Lokacin kiwo

Lokacin kiwo na iya bambanta dangane da yanayin yanayin zafi. Misali, mazaunan kasashen kudancin suna fara lokacin a watan Yuli, da kuma mazaunan yankuna masu sanyi - a watan Afrilu. Bayan miji, mace ta kori namiji kuma ta fara himma ko gina rami domin zuriyarta. Cutar ciki tana kimanin kwanaki 45. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana haihuwar shinge 4 zuwa 7 marasa kariya. Cubs ba su da allura da gashin ulu, hangen nesa da ji. Koyaya, a baya, zaku iya lura da ɗan ƙaramin tsami tare da ɗigon ɗigon - ƙarancin allura. Bayan mako guda, ƙananan shinge sun koyi yin rarrafe. Bayan kwanaki 14, sun sami ji da gani, kuma suna iya barin ramukarsu don faɗuwa da rana.

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A cikin watanni 2 na farko, shinge shinge suna ciyar da madara uwa. Bayan wata daya da rabi sai suka zama cikakkiyar yanci. Mata suna yin jima'i cikin shekarar rayuwa, kuma maza cikin shekaru biyu. A dabi'a, tsawon rayuwar su ya bambanta daga shekaru 3 zuwa shida.

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Rayuwa da halaye

Lokacin aiki na shinge shinge ya faɗi da dare. A cikin dare zasu iya yin tafiyar kilomita 9. Da rana sai suka gwammace su huta ko a cikin kwancensu. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna ɓoyewa a cikin ɓoyewa musamman da aka haƙa a cikin ƙasa, a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi, duwatsu ko bushes. Burrows na eared shinge zai iya kai santimita 150 a zurfi. Mafi yawan lokuta, sun fi so su yawaita abubuwan da aka riga aka gina kwari na kwari, dawakai, da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa.

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Babban abokan gaba da wadannan shinge sune dabbobi kamar tsuntsayen da suka farauto, mugayen, dawakai da kyarkeci. A jikin eared shinggehogs, ixodid ticks parasitize, waxanda suke da causative jamiái da yan dako da cutar pyroplasmosis, wanda yake kawo hadari ga dabbobi.

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Tun daga farkon kaka, shinge-shinge da aka dade suna fara cin abinci, wanda ya isa ya samar da isasshen kitse. Hibernation kanta yana farawa daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu. A wannan lokacin, shinge mai kwari na iya farkawa sau da yawa har ma neman abinci. Wannan lokacin yana da halayyar kawai ga shingayen da ke rayuwa a yankuna masu sanyi.Yankunan da ke zuwa kudu na iya yin hibernate kawai idan babu isasshen abinci.

KA YI AMFANI DA CIKIN ZANGO NE

Shinge mai tsayi-tsawo shine mafi karancin memba na dangin shingehog, amma, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, mafi yawan lop-eared. Manyan kunnenta (manya-manyan har, idan sun lanƙwasa ido gaba, rufe idanunsu) suna taka muhimmiyar rawa - suna kare dabbar daga zafi.

Babu “rabuwar kai tsaye” a saman hedikwatar jeji, kamar yadda ake yi a sauran nau'in shinge. A karkashin fata, wanda aka rufe da allura-kamar carapace, akwai zoben da tsoka mai tsawo, tare da taimakon wanda shingehog ya kakkafa shi cikin ƙwallan ƙwallo, amma shingen da aka harzuka baya jin daɗin yin wannan (tabbas suna tsoron bazata da manyan kunnuwansu masu kyau), kuma cikin haɗari sun gudu, hancinsa da kuma bouncing .

Arancin gajere da na bakin ciki, wanda adadinsu ya kai 7-10 dubu, ya rufe kawai. Domin shekara guda, allura guda ɗaya daga canje-canje guda uku, kuma yana girma har kusan shekara guda. Abubuwan allura, wadanda yakamata su kiyaye shinge, a wasu yanayi ya sanya basu da kariya: adadi masu tarin yawa na tattara fata akan allura, kuma dabbobi marasa sa'a basu iya kawar da cututtukan fata ba. Kwayoyin cuta masu cutar kanjamau sun gabatar da sashin musamman na “shinggehog-hour”: yawan icksan da aka tattara ta hanyar shinge na tafiyar awa daya.

Hanyoyin shinge suna da kyakkyawar ma'ana da ƙanshi da ji, amma hangen nesa kaɗan. Kodayake an yi imanin cewa zasu iya rarrabe launuka, kamar mutane, sabanin sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa wanda hangen nesa yana baki da fari. Harshen shinge yana da hakora 36, ​​wanda ya faɗo daga tsufa.

Matsakaicin numfashi na dabba yayin farkawa shine numfashin 40-50 na minti ɗaya, kuma yayin hurawar - 6-8. Zazzabi a cikin rayuwa mai aiki shine 34 ° C, kuma a lokacin aski - 2 ° C kawai don adana mahimmancin.

Hedgehog a cikin ajiyar ajiya

Smallaramin, mai faɗaɗa, kyakkyawa, tare da manyan kafafu, shinge yana da kullun cikin sauri a wani wuri. Koyaya, wannan rikodin daga rikodin ƙwayar cuta ba sau da yawa ana ganinsa a cikin ajiyar.

Harshen shinge yana tserewa daga zafin, yana haifar da rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, amma ikonsa na musamman na yin ba tare da abinci da ruwa na dogon lokaci ba. Yankin shinge mai tsayi yana guje wa wurare tare da ƙoshin lafiya da sauri kona ciyayi, manyan wuraren da mazauninsu ke cikin wurin ajiye tsiron daji ne na "Green Lamb", lambuna a cikin katako na Surikov, da katako mai kyan gani. Duk shinge ba dabbobi bane, a cikin dare zasu iya tafiya har zuwa kilomita 10 don neman abinci (a ranar da suke bacci a cikin kwalliyar raga). Hedgehogs suna magana da junan ku ta hanyar yi fito, da fyaɗa da gurnar magana lokacin fushi.

MAGANAR LOKACI

Saurin shinge yana haifar da salon rayuwa, kuma kawai lokacin da rana tayi zafi a ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu, maza da suka fara sha'awar neman mace. A cikin mace, lokacin balaga yana faruwa da kimanin shekara ɗaya na haihuwa; a cikin maza, yawanci cikin shekara biyu. Maza ne kawai ke neman ɗan biyu, domin wannan na iya yin tafiya tsakanin mil 6 - 8, amma ba kwa buƙatar shiga shinge cikin haɗari - za su same shi ta wata hanya. Koyaya, idan mace ba ta son saurayin, to wasannin da ke tsakanin maza, abin da ake kira rawar hegehog, sun fara: abokan hamayya suna ciji juna, suna wasa da allura, turawa, cizon ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Wasanni na ci gaba har sai an gano mai tsaurin ra'ayi. Abubuwan dabaru ba matsala ba ce: mace tana kwance a ƙasa, tana shimfida kafaɗarta baya, namiji kuma yana zaune a bayan ta, tsaye a tsaye.

JUST

Bayan dabbar ta hanyar mace-mace, nan da nan mace za ta kori namiji, yanzu kowannensu zai tafi ga sana'arsu: namiji zai ciyar da kitsen don hunturu, mace kuma za ta shirya rami mai bushe wanda ya bushe ta da busasshiyar ciyawa.

Bayan kwanaki 40-45, shinge zai sami jarirai masu baki 2-8 da makafi, masu kankanta - jarirai masu nauyin kimanin gram 20. A kwanakin farko mahaifiyar mai shinge tana shayar da 'ya'yansu da dumin ta, tunda basa tsirara. A cikin 'yan sa'o'i bayan haihuwar shinge, sun samo fararen allurai, kuma bayan kwana biyu duhu allurai mai farawa. Iesan jarirai suna haɓaka da sauri: bayan kusan mako guda, idanunsu da ƙofofin kunne suna buɗewa, kuma bayan ɗamarar gida biyu, an riga an rufe su da harsashi mai kariya. Bayan wata daya, yaran sun bar mahaifiyar tare da mahaifiya, suna nazarin sabbin sautuka da wari. Cin kwari na shinge yana farawa a wata na biyu na rayuwa, bayan wannan mahaifiyar hegrehog ta daina ciyar da zuriya tare da madara. Ba da daɗewa ba yaran za su fara rayuwa mai wahala da kuma neman mafaka a farkon hunturursu. A wannan lokacin, yakamata su yi tanadin isasshen abubuwan gina jiki da zasu kare daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu.

UNSPARE Hedgehog

Hedgehogs ko dai su haƙa ramuka kansu, ko, saboda ƙanƙancin girman su, yi amfani da baƙi, kamar bera, ƙara fadada su da kansu.

Mazaunin Hedgehog ya bambanta da sauran gidajen dabbobi a babbar ƙofar da ƙananan shiga, inda bayan tsararrakin tsararraki akwai gefen sashin layi na ɗakin zango. A cikin hunturu, shinge yana rufe matsugunninsa tare da ganye da ciyawa, saboda ba ya haƙuri da sanyi, kuma a lokacin hunturu ya yi yunƙurin kwanciya da wuri, kuma a baya yana rufe ƙofar ramin. A lokacin rashin himma, ba ya ci komai, kusan ba ya motsa kuma ya fada cikin rayayyiya: yanayin jikinsa yana sauka da sauri, numfashinsa yana raguwa. Babban shinge mai tsayi ba ya taɓa samun abinci a cikin lokacin hunturu, don haka ra'ayoyin gama gari game da shingen heghog ba komai bane illa labarin almara. Wataƙila, a lokacin bazara wani shinge mai farkawa ya farka, ya yi tururi daga yunwar, sai ya yi nadama cewa bai ƙosar ba.

The rarraba eared shinge

yana zaune a Turai, Tsakiya da Asiya ta Tsakiya, Kazakhstan, Larabawa, Transcaucasia, Siberiya, Isra'ila, Masar, Libya, Arewacin Afirka, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Iran, Iraq da Cyprus.

Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa shingegwayen jeji suna zaune a hamada, jeji-jeji da bushe-bushe, ana kiransu shingen jeji. Ana samunsu a cikin kwari, kwari kwarin busassun kwari, oases, maɓallin ban ruwa, kusa da gidajen mutane. Bugu da kari, shingen jeji ya hau tsauni zuwa tsawan mita 2400. A cikin yankuna na steppe, shinge shinge na kauce wa yankuna tare da ciyawa mai kauri.

Bayanin Harshen Harshe

Dogon shinge mai tsayi ya kai santimita 14-23, kuma a Afghanistan da Pakistan, mutane kan iya kaiwa matsakaicin tsawon santimita 30. Tsarin jikin mutum ya tashi daga gram 220 zuwa 350, amma cikin garkuwa, mace mai juna biyu na iya nauyin kimanin gram 650.

Hedgehog mai tsayi (Hemiechinus auritus).

Ana iya samun allura ne kawai a baya. Cikakkun allurai gajere ne - kimanin milimita 19 na bakin ciki da na bakin ciki, tare da tsummoki masu tsayi. Coveredashin jikin mutum da bangarorin an rufe su da gashi. Jawo yana da taushi da gajere. A mucks ne elongated.

Tare da manyan kunnuwansu, har zuwa tsawon milimita 39, tsinkayen jeji yana daidaita zafin jiki. Paarfin dabbobi sun fi na shingen gado na yau da kullun yawa.

Jawo kan kirji da ciki yana da fari ko launin toka mai haske. Ta fuskar, Jawo na iya zama daga launin ruwan kasa mai haske zuwa launin toka-baki. Launin launi na allura ya dogara da mazauninsu, ya bambanta daga bambaro mai haske zuwa baƙar fata. Hedgehogs da ke zaune a Pakistan da Afghanistan suna da furfuran launin ruwan kasa. Albinos suna da wuya.

Desert Hedgehogs Rayuwa

A cikin dare, shinge mai kwari na iya shawo tsawon kilomita 7-9. Da yamma suna hutawa a mafaka. Shinge na jeji suna amfani da nasu burrows ko burrows na rodents a matsayin mafaka. Zurfin rami na iya isa mita 1-1.5. Ramin ya yi ƙasa da fadi. Chaakin da ke zaune a gefen gado yana kan gefe. A lokacin rani, shinge mai shinge na dogon lokaci yana amfani da mafaka ta wucin gadi: duwatsu, bushes, Tushen itace da makamantansu.

Waɗannan dabbobin dabbobi ne kaɗai ke yin aiki da dare.

A cikin kaka, dogon-eared shingehogs na rayayye tara mai. A cikin sassan sanyi na kewayon, suna ɓarkewar juna a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba, kuma ya ƙare a cikin Maris ko Afrilu. A arewacin Indiya, ɓarkewar shinge a cikin shingen jeji yana ɗaukar watanni 3.5, kuma a Pakistan - watanni 4. A cikin sassan dumi na kewayon, shingaye masu shinge ba hunturu ba, amma barci ne kawai tare da rashin abinci.

Idan shinge na jeji yana cikin hadari, bai kutsa cikin kwallon ba, amma yana ƙoƙari ya tsayar da abokan gaba a fuska da ɓoye. Shinge na jeji suna tsayayya da yawan zafi, suna jure yanayin zafi sosai. Suna da kyakkyawar fahimta da wari da ji, amma shinge yana da karancin gani. Harshen jeji ba su san yadda ake shuka komai akan ƙaya ba.

Dogayen shinge masu tsayi da yawa sun gwammace kada su hadu da macizai, amma idan wani taro ya faru, to dabbar ta kai hari ta yanka tare da saurin cizo a bayan kai. Harshen jeji suna tsayayya da macijin maciji. Idan maza biyu suka hadu, fada yana faruwa a tsakaninsu, kowane ɗayansu yana ƙoƙarin jefa mai gasa cikin kunnuwa masu taushi da fuskoki. A lokacin matsewa, shingen jeji suna rera waƙa.

Abokan halitta sune bears, badgers, karnukan feral, tsuntsaye, kyarkeci, dawakai. Tsawon shekarun shinge shinge cikin yanayi shine shekaru 3-6, amma a matsakaita suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 4.

Hedgehog cizon ya fi sau 45 tsayayye idan aka kwatanta da aladu na Guinea. Matsakaicin kisan don shinge shine 0.1 grams na ɓawon ciki, wannan adadin ya isa ya kashe mutane 20.

Sand Lanyard

Wannan irin ƙwaro daga dangin Darkling suna rayuwa shekaru 2-3, lokacin hunturu a cikin filaye tsakanin tarkacewar shuka da kuma saman ƙasa. Irin ƙwaro larvae ciyar a kan Rotring tsire tarkace kuma har ma tare da adadi mai yawa ba su cutar da tsire-tsire mai rai. Amma ƙwararrun ƙwaro, waɗanda ke fitowa a cikin bazara ko farkon bazara, suna da haɗari sosai ga hatsi da hatsi da kayan lambu. Wani lokaci don 1 square. an tattara mita daga dubun dubun zuwa ɗaruruwan ƙwaro.

Rahoton mai lamba 2

Saukar shinge - dabbobi masu shayarwa, wanda ke cikin dangin shingehog.

Wannan nau'in ya bambanta da shinge na yau da kullun a gaban kunnuwa har zuwa 5 cm a tsayi, kuma a cikin girman, nauyinsu ya kai rabin kilo. Dogon allurai mai kaifi ya rufe bayansa. Misali a gare su suna da wulakanci mai kaifi, kazalika da ƙafafu masu tsayi. Wool cikin launuka masu haske, sabanin allura. Launi wanda ya dogara da mazauninsu, daga haske zuwa duhu. Abubuwan allura har zuwa 2 cm a tsayi, bakin ciki sosai, wanda ya rufe rollers da tsagi tare daukacin tsawon.

Wannan yanayin da shinge ke zaune a wurare masu nisa da latse-of-Eurasia, da kuma a arewacin Afirka. Dogon shinge mai tsayi yana tare da ƙarancin haɗari don lalata, amma a wasu yankuna an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi.

Hedgehog - Wannan halittar annabta ce, babban abincin shine kwari. Hakanan, baya nisantar macizai, masu shayarwa da kwayoyi. Da wuya ya fara shuka abinci; Waɗannan ire-iren su iri ne, berries, da kuma 'ya'yan itace. Harshen shinge yana da matukar tsayayyar guba ga waɗanda ke shiga abincinsa. Idan babu abinci da ruwa, shinge zai iya yin ba tare da abinci har zuwa watanni 2.5.

Mace ta yi juna biyu a ƙarshen bazara - farkon lokacin bazara. Cutar ciki tana ɗaukar watanni ɗaya da rabi, haihuwa tana faruwa ne a tsakiyar bazara. 'Ya'yan daga 4 zuwa 7 ne. An haife su gaba daya marasa taimako, makafi kuma ba tare da gashi ba, amma tare da farawar allurai nan gaba. Har zuwa makonni biyu na haihuwa, shingen ba zai iya yin lankwashe ba. A cikin yanki na makonni 3, shinge na riga ya fara barin gidan. Suna ciyar da madara nono har zuwa wata daya da rabi.

Wannan magabcin ya jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa. Na dare yayi nasara har kilomita 10. Yana ciyar da ranar a cikin ramin da ya haƙa, ya kuma gina kansa. Mafi munin abin da ya faru shine ɗaukar shinge wani rami wanda aka watsar dashi, misali dawakai, ko kwaro. Nora shinggehog ya kai mita ɗaya da rabi tsayi. Wani lokacin shinge yakan koma mazaunin wucin gadi, zai iya zama bushes mai yawa ko kuma bakin ciki a cikin tushen bishiya.

A tsakiyar kaka, shinge na shinge, kafin tara adadin kuzarin jiki. Awakens a tsakiyar bazara. A cikin wuraren zama masu ɗumi, hibernates idan babu isasshen abinci.

Abokan gābansa na asali su ne dawakai, karnuka, dabbobin ƙasa, da kuma tsuntsaye masu farauta. Harshen hegeg ya kange kuma ya kare, yana ƙoƙarin jefa abokin hamayyarsa. Yana da haɗari ga dabbobi saboda jigilar kwari ne da cututtuka.

Fasali 4, (mazaunin, abin da yake ci)

Cin abincin Hedgehogs

Yankunan shinge mai tsayi-kullun sune omnivores. Suna ciyar da gizo-gizo, tsutsotsi, katantan, kwari, kwari, tururuwa, ciyawa, kumburi, kwari, millipedes, larvae kwari da makamantansu. Bugu da kari, shinge shinge na cin 'ya'yan itatuwa, furanni, gansakuka. Ba su ƙi kuma sun faɗi.

Sun kuma fara neman abincin da ya fi girma: macizai, maciji, kwaɗi, beraye da lalata lafuzza na tsuntsaye.

Abincin mazaunin shinge ya bambanta da lokacin. Wadannan dabbobin zasu iya yin ba tare da abinci da ruwa na dogon lokaci ba - kimanin makwanni 10.

Yuni Khrushchev

Wani suna na irin ƙwaro shine ba ciji. Ya bayyana a watan Yuni - farkon watan Yuli. A lokacin rana, khrushchels suna ɓoyewa a ƙasa, kuma da maraice suna tashi kewaye da bishiyoyi, zauna, cin ganyayyaki da ƙananan harbe, ko je zuwa kan abinci a kan launi na hatsi. Larvae ciyar da lokaci na 10-12 santimita zuwa loamy ko yashi ƙasa. Suna cin tushen tsirrai daban-daban, musamman hatsi, wani lokacin kuma junan su.

Kiwo shingen jeji

Lokacin kiwo ya faru a Rasha a watan Afrilu, kuma a cikin ƙasashe masu ɗumi a cikin Yuli-Satumba. A cikin sassan sanyi na kewayon, shinge shinge suna da haihuwa sau ɗaya a shekara, kuma a cikin wurare masu dumbin yawa na kewayon, za'a iya samun zuriya 2. Da yake ya sami macen, namiji yakan yi kokarin kusanta da ita, amma da farko matar ba ta bari ya shiga ba, hakan ma zai iya zuwa fada.

Babu wani zuriyar dabbobi a cikin ɗakin da ke gida. Cutar ciki tana kwana 35-42. Ana haihuwar mace daga jarirai 3 zuwa 8. Jikunansu ba su da kyau, amma bayan awanni 2 ana rufe su da allura masu laushi. Bayan sa'o'i 5, tsawon needles yana ƙaruwa sau 4. Jikinsu ya rufe da allura bayan sati 2.

Bayan balaga, mace ta kori namiji kuma ta ci gaba da aikin ginin.

Idonsu ya buɗe a rana ta 10. Bayan makonni 3, shinge na iya cin abinci mai ƙarfi. Uwa tana ciyar da su madara tsawon kwana 35. A rana ta 50, shinge shinge suka fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Balagagge a cikin maza yana faruwa ne a shekara 2, a cikin mace kuma daga watanni 11-12.

Shahararren Manyan Sako

Kowa ya san sunan babban mawaki Frederic Chopin. Shi babban mashahurin wakilin soyayya ne a kade-kade. Ayyukan kere kere na Chopin sun rinjayi ci gaban kiɗa na gaba, da kuma mabiyansa.

Lily na kwari ba kawai kyakkyawan fure bane mai kyan gani, wannan ma itace farkon Mayu wacce ke farantawa kowa bayan dogon lokacin sanyi. Furenninta sunyi kyau kwarai da gaske kuma a siffarsu suna kama da ƙananan karrarawa suna rataye a kan kara.

Daga cikin shahararrun tsire-tsire waɗanda suka mamaye wani wuri a cikin ɗakunanmu na shekaru, Aloe yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan gama gari. Akwai nau'ikan Aloe da yawa. Itace da ke fitowa daga Afirka tana da kusan nau'ikan ɗari uku.

Harshen jeji na ƙawance

Abokan gwari sun cinye kwari da yawa, saboda haka suna da amfani dabbobi. Amma shinge motocin jigilar itacen oxodid ne. An jera masu shinge na jeji a cikin Littafin Ruwan Harshen Chelyabinsk, Urals da Bashkortostan.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Siffofi da mazauninsu na shinge mai tsalle

Saukar shinge (daga Latin Hemiechinus) - wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin samar da dabbobi masu shayarwa daga babban shinge. Game da shi game da littafin yau. Yi la'akari da halaye, fasali da salon rayuwarsa.

Sun bambanta da sauran wakilan danginsu tare da yin dogon zango, kunne mai kauri. Tsawon kunnuwa, dangane da nau'in, ya kai santimita uku zuwa biyar. Halin halittar da aka dasa ya kunshi nau'ikan halittu shida ne kawai:

• Blue-bellied (daga Latin nudiventris),
• India (daga Latin micropus),
• Dogon allura, duhu ne mai kauri-ko kaɗa (hypomelas),
• Haɓaka (daga Latin Auritus),
• Haɗin kai (daga tarin ƙasashen Latin),
• Habasha (daga Latin aethiopicus).

Wasu rukunin masana kimiyya sun haɗa da wannan nau'in kamar dwarf Hanyoyin shinge na Afirka saboda gaskiyar cewa suma suna da kunnuwa masu tsayi, amma duk da haka, a cikin tsarin da aka yarda dashi gaba daya, an sanya wannan nau'in zuwa wani jinsin halittar daban - shingen Afirka.

Mazaunin wannan dabi'ar ba shi da yawa. Rarraba su yana faruwa a Asiya, Arewacin Afirka da kudu maso gabashin Turai. Aya daga cikin jinsunan kawai ke zaune a yankun ƙasarmu - shinge ne mai sihiri. Wannan karamar dabba ce mai adalci, girman jikinta baya wuce santimita 25-30 tare da matsakaicin nauyin 500-600 grams.

Mafi girman wakilan (mafi nauyi) wakilan halittar sune shinge-shinge na tsawon lokaci - nauyin jikinsu ya kai gram 700-900.Bayan kowane nau'in an rufe shi da allura na launin toka da launin ruwan kasa. Babu allura a tarnaƙi, a kan gami da kan ciki, kuma a maimakonsu kyandir na launuka masu haske suna girma.

Shugaban yana karami tare da wuyan wulakanci mai tsawo da kunnuwa masu tsayi masu girma masu girma sama da rabin kai. Kyakkyawan bakin da ya cika da ƙaƙƙarfan hakora 36.

Yanayi da salon rayuwar shinge

Manyan shingaye sun zama mazaunan dare, suna zama da aiki tare da yanayin Rana da yamma. Amma duk da wannan, akwai da yawa hoto na eared shinggehogs a cikin rana. Suna raye suna neman abinci daya bayan daya, suna yin nau'i-nau'i kawai don lokacin halatta.

Saboda girman su, waɗannan dabbobin suna da ƙarfin gaske kuma suna motsawa da sauri, suna ƙaura daga gidansu na tsawon kilomita da dama don neman abinci. Yankin da namiji ya sami shinge na shinge mai zurfi zai iya zuwa kadada biyar, mace tana da ƙaramin yanki - kadada biyu zuwa uku.

A lokacin farkawar yau da kullun, shinge na fure na iya rufe nesa na kilomita 8-10. Hedgehogs suna barci kuma suna hutawa a cikin burƙansu, waɗanda ko dai sun tono kansu har zuwa zurfin mita 1 zuwa 1-5.5, ko kuma mamaye su kuma samar da gidajen da aka watsar da sauran ƙananan dabbobi, galibi ƙwanƙwanƙai.

Wadannan dabbobin basu da matsala sosai kuma suna da wadatar rayuwa cikin sel. Abincinta yana ba ku damar siyan abinci a kusan kowane kantin sayar da dabbobi. Saboda wannan dalili ne gida eared shinggehog a zamaninmu, ba abin mamaki ba ne, kuma mutane kalilan za su iya mamaki.

A yau zaku iya siyan shinge mafi tsada a kusan kowace kasuwar tsuntsu ko cikin gandun daji. Kuma samun ƙwarewar kiyaye wannan dabba bashi da wahala, saboda akan Intanet akwai shawarwari masu amfani da yawa.

A kantin sayar da dabbobi Farashin fara'a zai bambanta daga 4000 zuwa 7000 rubles. Kimanin adadin kuɗin da ake buƙata za a buƙaci siyan kayan aiki don gyarawa. Bayan sanya irin wannan adadin a cikin sabon gidan ku, ku da masananku za ku sami motsin zuciyar kirki da yawa.

Sake bugun da kuma tsayin rayuwa na shingen jeji

Balagagge a cikin shinge yaduwar mace yana faruwa ne ta danganta da jima'i a lokuta daban-daban - a cikin mata ta shekara guda na rayuwa, a cikin maza yana yin saurin zama kuma budurcin na faruwa ne ta shekaru biyu.

Lokacin mating a cikin yawancin nau'ikan yana farawa da zuwa lokacin zafi a bazara. A cikin mazaunan yankuna na arewa a cikin Maris-Afrilu bayan farkawa daga rashin himma, a cikin wakilan kudu a kusa da lokacin rani.

A wannan lokacin, shinge na shinge sun fara samar da kamshi mai daɗaɗɗen launi, wanda ke jan hankalin nau'i-nau'i ga juna. Bayan ma'aurata, da wuya namiji ya zauna tare da mace tsawon kwanaki, galibi yakan fita zuwa yankin sa, kuma macen ta ci gaba da tono burrows don ta haihu.

Ciki na ciki, ya danganta da nau'in, kwanaki 30-40. Bayan haka, an haife ƙaramin, kurma da makaho. A cikin tsintsiya daga gare su, daga daya zuwa goma. An haife su tsirara, amma bayan 'yan awanni, allurai masu laushi na farko sun bayyana akan jikin, wanda a cikin makonni 2-3 zai canza zuwa masu tsauri.

Bayan makonni 3-4, shinge sun fara buɗe idanunsu. Zuriya suna ciyar da nono har zuwa makonni 3-4 na rayuwa sannan daga baya suna bincike mai zaman kanta, da amfani da ƙarin abinci mai ƙima. Bayan watanni biyu da haihuwa, yaran sun fara rayuwa mai 'yanci kuma ba da jimawa ba za su bar ramin mahaifiyarsu don tono kansu a sabuwar yankin.

Matsakaici manyan-eared shinge a gida ko gidan dabbobi suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 6-8, a cikin yanayin muhallinsu rayuwarsu ta gajarta, gami da saboda farautar karnukan da suke rayuwa a wannan yanki tare da shinge.

Babban maqiyan wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa sune karnuka, bad ayoyi, dawakai da sauran masu cin kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wasu nau'in eraw shingehogs an jera su a cikin Red Book, alal misali, shinge mai launin shuɗi-bell da ake ɗauka shine kusan ƙarnataccen jinsin.

Sauran nau'ikan ana samun su a cikin Litattafai na yanki da jihohi na Kazakhstan, Ukraine da Bashkiria. Har zuwa 1995, Kazakhstan ta kasance mai aiki sosai a cikin kungiyoyi waɗanda ke harhada nau'ikan nau'ikan shinge, gami da shinge shinge, a cikin wuraren kulawa na musamman, amma, abin takaici, har yanzu basu tsira ba.

Hare

Harshen da aka harzuka ya zama mallakar dabbobi masu kwari kuma suna zaune a cikin wuraren bude kofofin. Wannan wakili ne na dangi guda ɗaya kamar ɗayan shinge na yau da kullun, amma duk da haka a waje ɗaya waɗannan 'yan uwan ​​ba su da kama sosai kuma sun bambanta cikin tsarin jikin mutum. Harshen e ehed ya kasance karami, tsawon jikin sa bai wuce cm 20 ba allurai ba su wuce cm cm 2. Murfin gashi mai laushi ya rufe flanks. Jiki a zagaye yake, yayi kama da kyar. Rufin yatsun dogo ne, amma wutsiyar gajere ce. Alamar halayyar mafi kyawun shinge mai tsayi ita ce tsawo, tsayi fiye da rabin tsayin kai, kunnuwa yana lankwasa gaba. Siffar gashi mai shinge na fure da ke kan gefan jikin ta tayi launin ja, launin tumbi yana da farin farin da launin shuɗi mai haske.

Bayanin shinge

Shinge mai tsayi-tsayi dabba ce mai ƙananan girma. Jikinta tsawan 12-27 cm, wutsiyarsa tsawon 17-23 mm. Guda ɗaya ne daga cikin ƙasashen da ke rayuwa a Pakistan da Afghanistan ke ɗan ƙaramin girma kuma ya kai 30 cm tsayi. Weight ga maza ba ya wuce 430 g, ga mace yana da 200-500 g. Wannan shine, a matsakaita, shinge mafi girma ya ninki ƙasa da na al'ada.

Babban bambanci daga shinge na talakawa na wannan nau'in shine girman girman kunnuwa, tsawon sa wanda ya kai cm 5. Paws suna da yawa. Guguwar tana da nauyi a cikin siffa. Za'a iya gani tsinkayen fata, wanda ake kira da "rabuwar", a goshi. Mayafin yana da haske, mai taushi, fentin launin toka-baki ko launin ruwan kasa mai haske akan fuska. Kadarorin su ne kawai a baya. Suna da bakin ciki da gajeru, tsawon 17-19 mm, tsawonsu an lullube su da rollers da furrows. Cikakkun allurai na iya samun launuka daban-daban dangane da mazaunin yankin da ake rege shinge: daga tabkin injin haske zuwa baki. Tashin shingen Afghanistan da Pakistan launin ruwan kasa. Albino shingehogs suna da wuya sosai.

Siffofin abinci mai gina jiki na shinge

Tushen abincin abincin da aka kakkaɓe ya zama shinge na dabbobi da yawa, galibi kwari ne, alal misali, gwoza (mai gudu, duhu, yin ɓarnatarwa, dawakai) da tururuwa. Harshen shinge zai iya samun irin wannan abincin a wadataccen adadi don kansa a cikin saƙo a tsakanin tsirrai. Hakanan yana iya yin ganima a kan ƙura, kwaɗi, ƙanana, kajin da ƙwai tsuntsu. Hakanan, wani shinge mai zurfi wanda ke daɗaɗa tare da taimakon abincin kayan lambu: berries, tsaba, 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Hanyar da aka harzuka tana da cikakken bashi don rayuwa ba tare da abinci da ruwa ba - kimanin makwanni 10, a cewar masu binciken.

Abin sha'awa shine, idan dabba mai guba (alal misali, mai talla) ya shiga cikin abincin da ya riga ya tsinke, to shingehog din bazai sha wahala daga cizo ba. Ba tare da wata lahani ga jiki ba, shinge mai shinge ya sami damar cin naman T-shirt da ke kunshe da guba mai ƙarfi - cantharidin.

Lokacin da shingen jeji na neman abinci, yana gudana da sauri, yafi sauri fiye da shinge na yau da kullun. Idan wani ya sami shinge na boge, ba zai juya kamar yadda ya saba ba, sai dai ya sunkuyar da kansa ƙasa, ya yi tsalle ya tsalle sama a ƙoƙarin jefa abokan gaba da allura.

Yada shinge

Mahalli na shinge na jeji ya hada da bushe-bushe, jeji-jeji da hamada. Tana zaune a yankin Isra'ila, Libya, Egypt, Asia orarami, Caucasus da Transcaucasia, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Central Asia, Kazakhstan, China da Mongolia. A cikin Rasha, shinge mafi tsufa ya zama ruwan dare daga Don da Volga zuwa Ob. Smallarancin jama'a suna zaune a cikin Ukraine, inda za'a iya samun dabbar a kowane ɗayan a kudu maso gabashin ƙasar.

Abubuwan da aka fi so don mazaunin eraw sun bushe, yumbu da ƙasa masu yashi. A cikin yanayin muhalli na zamani, alal misali, saboda ci gaba da ratsa dabino, an rage yawan wannan mazaunin gwanayen.

Namiji da mace na farko sun san hedgehog: manyan bambance-bambance

Don maimaitawar shinge, ba a bayyana dimorphism na jima'i ba, namiji da mace ba su da bambance-bambance na waje.

Hedgehog hali

Yankin dajin ya yi tsawo, mazaunin busassun kwari ne da jeji, inda suke zaune kusa da kwarin koguna, bankunan da ke ciki, kogunan rigar, wuraren watsi da ban ruwa. Sau da yawa ana iya ganin su kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam. Takaitaccen shinge na jeji da hamada tare da ciyayi, wanda ke ƙonewa da sauri, kuma ciyawar tugai tare da ciyayi masu tsayi basa dacewa.

Dabba tana yin aiki ne kawai da dare, idan ta yi tafiyar kilomita 7-9, a lokacin da take yawanci tana ɓoyewa ko tana bacci a cikin matsuguninta. Tare da farawar alfijir ya tafi farauta, kuma da asuba, neman wuri don shakatawa. Tsarin rana na shinge na eared shine hutu a ƙasa, a ƙarƙashin Tushen, dutse ko daji. Baya ga irin wannan matsugunnin na wucin gadi, shingen hewn da ya haƙa ya haƙa ramuka don kansa har zuwa 150 cm a tsayinsa, ko ya mamaye rami da aka watsar da shi a cikin kwayoyi, dawakai, ko wata dabba Nora ta tono zuwa zurfin 50 cm, a wani kwana, a kan tsaunuka ko ƙarƙashin bushes. Itsarshenta ƙyalle ne game da haihuwar mace ke faruwa.

A cikin damina, shingewar daji mafi tsoka yana tara kitse. Hibernation yana farawa a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba; farkawa na faruwa a Maris-Afrilu. Gabaɗaya, rashin shinge na hunturu na shingen eraw ba shi da ƙarfi kamar na shinge na talakawa. A sauƙaƙe tana farkawa har ma ta ci abinci. A cikin yankuna masu zafi, shinge na shinge kawai idan babu abinci.

Sake bugun shinge na jeji

A cikin yankuna masu sanyi, mace tana haihuwa sau ɗaya a shekara, a cikin wurare masu ɗumi - sau biyu. Lokacin kiwo a cikin yanayin zafi yana farawa ne daga Yuli-Satumba, a cikin ƙasashe masu sanyi - a watan Afrilu. Mace na fitar da namiji bayan ta balaga kuma ta ci gaba da aikin ko fadada ramin brood. Tsawon lokacin haila a cikin shinge na mace shine kwana 45, kuma a farkon 4-7 makafi, tsirara, jarirai masu adalci. A bayansu suna da matsanancin furrow tare da ƙananan layin dogo mai laushi. Sabuwar shinge ba za su iya shiga cikin glomerulus ba, lokacin da ya kai kimanin kwanaki 7 sai suka fara rarrafe. A makonni biyu, sai su fara gani a fili kuma suna iya zuwa da kyau, kuma suna lulluɓe da allura mai wuya, kuma a cikin makonni uku sukan kwantar da hankalinsu suyi kwanciya cikin rana su fara ɗanɗano abincin da ya girma. Ciyar da madara takan ci gaba a farkon makonni shida na rayuwa. A kusan kwanaki 50, shinge matasa sun fara zaman rayuwar manya. Balagagge a cikin mace yana faruwa ne a watanni 11-12, a cikin maza - a shekaru 2. A cikin bauta, mafificiyar shinge ya rayu tsawon shekaru 3-6.

Abokan gaba na makiyaya

Babbar shinge-eared ya fi ta dangi girma - shinge na yau da kullun. A cikin haɗari, ya juya ba da gangan ba cikin ball, amma kawai yana jujjuya kansa, ya fara kuwwa yana ƙoƙarin jefa mai kai harin.

Namijin yana da tsayayya da tsawan yanayin zafi da guba da yawa (maciji, kudan zuma da Aspen). Resistance, alal misali, murhun ciki ya fi sau 45 fifikon aladu na Guinea.

Wannan nau'in magana ce ta farautar tsuntsayen dabbobi masu cin nama, maras kyau, karnuka, karnuka. Motsin Ixodid na zaune a kansa, wanda ke ɗauke da cuta irin su pyroplasmosis na dabbobin gida.

Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da gandun daji na ado:

• Harshen fitsari kwari ne mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci kuma nau'in tattalin arziƙi, tunda suna cin kwari da kwari, sabili da haka suna da amfani, musamman idan suna zaune kusa da mutum.
• An jera jinsunan a cikin Littafin Red na Ukraine kuma yana buƙatar kariya. Don wannan, ana kiyaye shinge shinge a cikin adadi kuma suna ƙoƙarin ƙara yawan jama'a. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci musamman don kiyaye mazauninsu na al'ada, alal misali, busassun ciyawa. Tunda yake daidai ne ragin hurumin da za'a iya amfani dashi shine ɗayan manyan dalilan da ke haifar da raguwar yawan wannan nau'in.

Girma tururuwa

A cikin jinsunan 110 na wannan halittar tururuwa, 5 suna zaune a Rasha. Suna zaune a cikin tsaunukan tsaurara, suna gina gida a cikin ƙasa har zuwa zurfin mita da yawa kuma suna ciyar da hatsi. Sarukan tururuwa suna adana shi a cikin ɗakuna na musamman kuma, idan ya cancanta, fitar da shi don bushe. A cikin iyali na mutane 5000, sojoji masu tururuwa tare da manyan shugabanni suna da aiki na musamman - suna taka rawar dafa abinci: suna nika hatsi tare da gurɓataccen abinci, suna jujjuya shi zuwa taro mai narkewa, wanda waɗanda ke ƙasƙanci su ci. Tsariyar tururuwa a ƙarshen ciki tana da maƙurawa (mai gyaran ovipositor) - makami na tsaro da hari.

Fox na gama gari

Babban mai farauta daga dangin canine. Yana ciyarwa akasari akan ƙwayau, kamar ƙaiƙayi, tsuntsaye, kwari. Kyarma ta mirgine wani shinge cikin ruwa, tilasta masa ya daidaita, sannan ya kama fuska. Idan babu kandami a kusa, to kawai a zuba dabba da fitsari (shinge koyaushe yana juya daga warin waje).

Bahaushe

Mai tsara iyali daga marten iyali. Badger din yana da irin warin da yake kamshin warin da ya tarar da gida masu linzamin kwamfuta, tsutsotsi, kwari, larva na Mayu, wanda yake matukar kauna, a zurfin 10 cm karkashin kasa. Geribar tana ɗaya daga cikin fewan dabbobi da shingayen shinge ba za su iya tsayayya ba: ƙaƙƙarfan kafafu tare da dogayen kafa ba su bayar da damar samun ceto.

BAYANIN BAYANAI

Wani lokacin yakan zama cewa mutane suna cutar dabbobi ba tare da saninsa ba. Misali, lokacin da sabon cakuda ice cream ya bayyana akan hanyar McDonald, da wuya kowa yai zargin hatsarin shinge. Spiky sweeteners sami watsar da kofuna da kuma makale kawunansu a ciki don lasa ragowar kyawawan abubuwa. Kuma ya fada tarko - shugaban bai sake jan ciki ba! Yawancin mutuwar da aka yi rikodi da zanga-zangar da masu ba da shawara kan dabbobi suka jagoranci McDonald's don rage diamita na rami a cikin kofin a cikin 200B.

Abun ban sha'awa shine sanin shinge tare da kamshi wanda ba a san shi ba: suna farawa har ila yau suna fitowa mai narkewa, wanda dabbobin suka sa allura. Idan akwai haɗari, shinge sau da yawa yakan wargaza kuma fara jujjuyawa a cikin fears ɗin su. Hedgehogs na iya man shafawa allurai tare da guba na yatsun kafa kuma don haka kashinsu suma suna da guba.

HUKUNCIN KARFIN CIKIN HARYA

• Class: dabbobi masu shayarwa.
• Umarni: kwari.
• Iyali: shinge.
• Usoshi: eared shinge.
• Dabbobi: eared shinge.
• Sunan Latin:
• Hemiechinus auritus.
• Girma: jiki - 12-27 cm, wutsiya - 1-5 cm, kunnuwa - 3-5 cm.
• Weight: 250-500 g.
• Launin launuka: akan banda daga walƙiya mai haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, gashi a ciki haske ne.
• Rayuwa na tsawon lokaci game da shinge: - shekaru 5-8.