Daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata, mutane har yanzu ba su zauna a duniya ba, amma dabbobi ne masu ban sha'awa waɗanda aka samo gawawwakinsu a duk faɗin duniya.
A Siberiya, wato a cikin yankin Kemerovo, daya daga cikin wurare 10 a duniyar tamu an gano ragowar dabbobi na lokacin Jurassic (an ƙare miliyan 145 da suka gabata). An gano ragowar kimanin psittacosaurs 50 a ƙauyen Shestakovo. Ana kiransu "parrot lizards" kuma sune girman saniya. A cikin duka, an samo nau'ikan dinosaur 6 a Shestakovo. Ba a taɓa samun ɗayan nau'in sauropods a ko'ina cikin duniya ba, saboda haka an ba shi sabon suna Sibirotitan astrosacralis - Sibirotitan star-sacral. An samo shi a cikin 2008 kuma biyar sacral vertebrae, sacral haƙarƙari da ke cikin siffar taurari an gano su daga ragowar. Wannan shine mafi girman nau'in dinosaurs na herbivorous na sauropod tsari. Irin wannan dinosaur na iya nauyin tan 50 a lokacin rayuwarsa kuma yana da tsawon jiki na mita 20.
Ba a sami dabbobi masu d less a mai ban sha'awa a wasu wuraren na ƙasarmu ba. A yankin Volga, an gano kasusuwan wani Mosasaurus. An haƙa shi kusan wata ɗaya. Kuma kwanan nan, an gano ƙasusuwan irin wannan maƙarƙashiya a yankin Chelyabinsk, wanda ke fadada mazauninta. Wannan dabba mai ruwa ta kai tsawon mita 17 a tsayi. Sun rayu a duniya kusan miliyan 65 da suka gabata.
A cikin Yankin Perm, an samo dogayen kasusuwa tsoffin alaƙa da ake kira estemmenozuhs da biarmosuhs. Shekarun su kusan miliyan 267 ne. Estemmenozuhids dabbobi ne masu tsire-tsire kuma suna jagorantar su, kamar hippos, rayuwar rayuwar ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa. Eotitanosuh mai ƙaddara ne tare da tsawon fiye da mita 2.5. Waɗannan dabbobin sun mutu sakamakon ambaliyar kuma jikinsu ya makale a ƙarshen kogin da yake cike da rudani. An gudanar da rami a tsawan shekaru, amma ba a kwashe komai ba. Har yanzu akwai wasu kasusuwa na tsoffin dinosaur a wannan wurin.
Duniyar da ta gabata tana cike da bincike da asirai game da abin da zaku rubuta da rubutu.
Idan kuna son shi, to, goyi bayan matasa tashar!
Kamar, bar maganganun da biyan kuɗi, don kada ku rasa wani abu mai ban sha'awa.
Mafi tsufa tsuntsu a duniya
Koda yake, masana kimiyya suna yin irin wannan binciken a Turai. Misali, Ksepka da abokan aikin sa sun yi hakan, suna nazarin samfuran manyan duwatsun dutse daga wurin binciken romontbos, wanda ke kusa da garin Liège na kasar Beljiyam. Wadannan duwatsun da aka kirkira a karshen Cretaceous - jim kadan kafin faduwar asteroid din da ya lalata dinosaur.
A cikin wadannan duwatsun, kwatsam masanan kimiyya suka gano guntun kasusuwa na kasusuwa, sannan sauran ragowar tsuntsu kadan, wanda girmansa yayi kama da tsuntsayen ruwa na zamani na Turai. Saboda gaskiyar cewa ragowar tsoffin tsuntsayen ba kasafai ake samunsu a wajen kasar Sin da Monoglia ba, binciken nan da nan ya jawo hankalin masana kimiyya.
Samun binciken samfuran duwatsun da wadancan kasusuwa suka kasance, masana burbushin halittun masana sun gano daya daga cikinsu kwanyar tsuntsu. Ya zo zamaninmu bisa ga asalinsa, ba a daidaita shi da matsa lamba daga kan duwatsun da ke kewaye da shi ba. Kwanyar ta kasance wani tsohon halittar fuka-fukai, wanda shine kusancin dangin magabatan kaji, ducks da kuma dabbar tsuntsaye (Galloanserae). Masana kimiyya sun kira tsuntsu Asteriornis maastrichtensis.
Wannan halitta za a iya ɗauka ta zama tsohuwar tsuntsu mai nau'in zamani, wanda ke da duk mahimman abubuwa na tsarin halittar tsuntsayen zamani. Nazarin sa, kamar yadda masana kimiyya suke fata, zai taimaka wajen fahimtar inda kuma lokacin da magabatan magabata na zamani suka bayyana, abin da ya ci da kuma yadda zuriyarsa suka tsira daga faɗuwar asteroid, wanda ya lalata ba kawai dinosaur ba, amma kusan duk sauran tsoffin tsuntsayen da suka bunƙasa kafin wannan bala'in.
Musamman, gaskiyar gano asalin tsohuwar tsuntsu da kusancinta da dukkanin tsuntsayen zamani suna nuna cewa magabatansu daya suka bayyana a Duniya jim kadan kafin ƙarshen zamanin dinosaur, kuma ba a tsakiyar zamanin Cretaceous ba, kamar yadda nazarin halittu ya nuna. Binciken mai zuwa na irin wannan burbushin halittu, kamar yadda masana burbushin halittu suke fatan zasu warware wannan sabani.
Wadanne abubuwan cin abinci ne suka zauna a Scotland?
An kiyasta shekarun waƙoƙin miliyan 170, wato, tsoffin halittu sun bar su a wani wuri a tsakiyar lokacin Jurassic. A cewar masu bincike Steve Brusatte da Page de Polo, alamuran da aka samo sun kunshi akalla nau'ikan dinosaur uku. Misali, jerin abubuwan da yatsotsu mai hawa uku tare da tsayi mai tsayi ta hanyar dinosaur daga wata nau'in makargina. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, sun kasance masu cin gashin kansu kuma sun motsa a kan kafafu biyu. Mafi girman wakilin wannan rukunin dinosaurs shine spinosaurus mai tsawon mita 15, amma abubuwan da suka samo sun nuna cewa tsohuwar mazaunin Scotland shine girman “jeep” wanda ke da nisan mita biyu.
Theropods sun haɗa szarinharshancewa miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata sun rayu a cikin yanzu Antarctica
An kuma samo ragowar mai cin mutum uku mai yatsa tare da yatsun fuska mai haske a Dutsen Brath Point. Dangane da tsarin yatsun da basu da kaifi mai kaifi, harma da sauran sifofin jikin mutum, masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa sun samo wani dinosaur daga kungiyar. masu lura da tsuntsu. Su halittu masu dabi'un dabbobi ne kuma, don su isa ganyen bishiyoyi masu tsayi, za su iya tsayawa a kan kafafunsu na baya kuma su kai tsayin mita 14. Yana da ma'ana a ɗauka cewa kafafunsu na baya sun fi ƙarfi kuma sun ci gaba fiye da gaban su, saboda haka yawancin lokacin da suke tafiya akan ƙafa biyu.
Ornithopods mallakar iguanodonswanda ya iya tsayawa ya kai tsayin mita 10
Koyaya, yawancin masana kimiyya sunyi mamakin cewa an gano gawar stegosaurus a cikin Scotland. An dauke su daya daga cikin sanannun dinosaur a duniya saboda ana iya gane su da sauki ta faranti kashi a bayansu da wutsiyar spiky. Yin hukunci da abin da aka samo, wanda ya mutu akan dutsen Brath Point shine girman saniya. Kodayake, galibi mafi yawa, waɗannan dinosaurs masu tsire-tsire suna zaune a yankin yammacin Arewacin Amurka na yanzu, kuma girman su ya kai mita 9.
Stegosaurs ana daukar su ɗayan dinosaurs masu sananne. Kodayake tabbas tabbas an fi sanin masu zalunci
Dinosaur a Rasha
Amma shin zai yiwu a nemo kasusuwa na Rasha? An dauki dogon lokaci cewa anyi imani da cewa a kasar mu kusan ba zai yiwu a nemo ragowar dinosaur ba. Game da wannan, aƙalla shekaru 120 da suka gabata, masanin ilimin burbushin halittu ɗan ƙasar Amurka Otniel Charles Marsh ya yi iƙirari. Da ya iso yankinmu, ya yi mamakin sanin cewa a Rasha ba a taɓa samun ƙasusuwa na tsoffin giantsan wasan ba. Kuma wannan ya yuwuwar fahimta, saboda miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata an rufe yankin Rasha da ruwa. Akwai zaton cewa har yanzu an samo dinosaur din a gindi, amma ragowar su sunyi ƙasa da yashi da yumɓu.
A cikin wannan hoto na 1872, masanin ilimin burbushin halittu Otniel Charles Marsh (na tsakiya a cikin layi na baya) yana tsaye tare da mataimakansa
Koyaya, gaskiyar cewa gano kasusuwa na dinosaur a Rasha yana da matukar wahala ba yana nufin cewa tsoffin halittu sun nisanci yankuna mu ba. Wani lokacin dinosaur ya mutu a ƙarƙashin yanayin da za'a iya kiyaye ƙasusuwarsa da kyau. Don haka, a cikin shekarar 2015, masanin ilimin binciken mu dan kasar Russia Anatoly Ryabinin namu a yankin Chita ya samo guntun kwarangwal din abincin dinosaur Allosaurus sibiricus. Kawai don tabbatar da cewa ragowar wannan dinosaur yana da matukar wahala saboda rashin sauran ƙasusuwa.
Wannan shi ne abin da Allosaurus sibiricus yayi kama
Hakanan a farkon karni na XX, a bankunan Kogin Amur, an samo ragowar dinosaur na nau'in. Mandschurosaurus amurensis, wanda kuma aka sani da "Amur manchurosaurus". Kawai yanzu, an sami ƙananan kasusuwa a wannan lokacin, don haka kwanyar da sauran wasu sassan jikin tsohuwar halitta dole ne a sanya shi a hanyar gypsum, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kiran binciken da suna "gypsosaurus". Duk yadda zaku iya, waɗannan abubuwan tsinkayen sun rayu a yankin ƙasarmu kuma sune halittun platypus waɗanda suke ciyar da ciyayi har suka kai mita 3.
Ina yawancin abubuwan cin abinci na dinosaur suka ragu?
Abin mamaki, yawancin dinosaur an samo su a Arewacin Amurka. An yi imani da cewa mashahurin azzalumin sarki ya rayu a wurin, wanda ake ɗayan ɗayan dinosaurs mafi jini a tarihin duniyarmu. Babban kasusuwa na azzalumi yana da tsayi daidai da mita 12.3 da tsawo na kimanin 4 mita. An kiyasta nauyin jikin waɗannan wakilan masu haɗari na magabatan Jurassic da kimanin tan 9.5.
An yi imani da cewa azzalumai sune mafiya hadarin gaske, amma a tarihi an sami karin dinosaur din jini
Gabaɗaya, ana iya samun ragowar tsoffin dinosaurs a sassa daban daban na yankin Amurka. Misali, kwanannan a lardin Kanada na Alberta, an samo ragowar dinosaur, waɗanda aka sanya wa suna Thanatotheristes degrootorum. A zahiri, wannan sunan yana fassara a matsayin "girbin mutuwa" kuma masana binciken burbushin halittu sun kira shi haka saboda dalili. Gaskiyar ita ce wannan giant ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin masu tsoron ɓarkewar ƙarshen zamanin dinosaur kuma ya firgita dukkanin dabbobi. Mun rubuta ƙarin game da ƙarfinsa da salon rayuwarsa a cikin kayanmu na musamman.
A wane zurfi ƙasidar dinosaur suke?
Kamar yadda aikace-aikace ke nunawa, galibi mutane kanyi tuntuɓe akan ragowar tsoffin halittu a wuraren da ake ganin manyan duwatsun a saman. A wannan karon al'ada ce ta fahimtar abubuwan da suka shafi kwayar halitta kamar su granite, basalt da dutsen dutse, wadanda suke saman duniyar mu. Yawancin lokaci ana fallasa su a cikin tsafe-tsafe, kogwannin dutse da wuraren gina manyan hanyoyi. Abin lura ne cewa da farko mutane suna samun ɗan ƙaramin dinosaur ne kawai sai kawai su tono ragowar kasusuwan ta hanyar fashe da sauran kayan aiki. Misali, a shekarar 1982, wani mutum ya gano wani kambori na Baryonyx, wanda ya dade ba a san ilimin kimiyarsa ba. Bayan haka ne, a kan lokaci, masu binciken suka sami nasarar gano sauran sassan jikin tsoffin magabatan.
An samo ragowar baryonyx ne kawai a 1982
Wadansu mutane sun yarda cewa kashin dinosaur yana da zurfin zurfin mita ɗari. A wasu halaye, hakan gaskiya ne, amma yayin aiwatar da tono ƙasa, ragowar zai iya fita da kansu, don haka bai kamata a sami matsala ta tono wasu sassan jikin ba. Babban abin da ke cikin wannan shi ne yin taka tsantsan don kar a lalata kasusuwa da suka lalace shekaru miliyoyi a cikin ƙasa. A wasu halaye, mahaɗa yakan fara aiki, domin zai iya ɗaukar ƙarfi da yawa don tserar da ragowar daga zaman talala na duniya.
Kwanan nan, yayin aikin babbar hanya, an samo tsohuwar kayan katako wanda mutum ya gina
Me zan yi idan na sami ƙasusuwan dinosaur?
Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa bayan an gano ƙasusuwan wani dinosaur ko wani darajar tarihi, ba za ku iya ɗaukar kanku ba ku fara siyarwa. Gaskiyar ita ce, bisa ga doka, duk abubuwan binciken archaeological mallakar jihar ne, kuma idan an gano su, dole ne a tuntuɓi ikon al'adun garin ku. A cikin Moscow, zaku iya yin wannan ta hanyar kira +7 (916) 146-53-27wanda yake a kowane lokaci agogo.
Idan ka sami kwarangwal din mutum, tabbatar ka sanar da yan sanda game da hakan.
Bayan haka, yakamata masana ilmin kimiya na tarihi su zo wurin gano kasusuwa ko wasu abubuwa na zamanin da. Idan binciken yana da mahimmanci, mutumin da ya samo ba shi da ikon ɗaukar wa kansa. Amma idan masana sun yanke shawarar cewa wannan ba irin wannan binciken ba ne, to abin ya wuce hannun mai binciken.
Ina zaka saya ko siyar da kasusuwa na dinosaur?
Za'a iya siyan sassa daban daban na dinosaur kasusuwa a Intanet, amma kafin hakan yana da mahimmanci a tabbata cewa suna na gaske kuma ana siyar da su ta hanyar doka. Za a iya samun sanarwar tallace-tallace na kasusuwa na dinosaur a kan eBay. Misali, karamin haƙori na spinosaurus a cikin kantunan kan layi yana yiwuwa a samu don 10,000 rubles. Amma kwafin kwanyar daga ɗayan cikakkun kwarangwal ɗin azzalumi zai iya biyan $ 100,000, kuma wannan, a farashin yanzu, ya fi 7,000,000 rubles.
Kuna iya samun nau'ikan abubuwan cin abinci na dinosaur akan eBay.
Idan ba ku da kuɗi da yawa, amma har yanzu kuna son neman wata tsohuwar halitta, yana da daraja ku kula da haƙoran Mosasaur. Wadannan halittun ruwa masu ruwa suna rayuwa a lokacin dinosaur amma, abin takaici, basu da wata alaka da su. Amma ragowar Mosasaurs galibi suna cikin Morocco kuma ana canzawa zuwa Rasha. Wasu lokuta ana iya samo su a cikin nunin Moscow "Gemstone Collapse" na kimanin 1000 rubles.
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A lokacin balaguron, Andrey Skvortsov ya fada yadda balaguron balaguro ke gudana, wanda ya sake fasalin fasalin dinosaur daga kasusuwa ya ba su suna, a ina ne ake samarda bayanan dinosaurs Permian da kuma yadda aka bincika kayan - kawai kuna buƙatar tafiya tare da tudu da ƙima a duwatsun.
Wakilan yawon shakatawa sun ziyarci wurin almara na Opoki (yankin Veliky Ustyug) tare da rairayin bakin teku, wanda, kowace shekara, masu lalacewa, suna ba da sabon bincike. A kusa da garin Opok, sun taɓa gano hanyoyin bushewar kasusuwa. Sannan rukunin ya tafi a bakin Strelna, inda a lokaci guda suka gano ragowar mallakar daya daga cikin teraspids din. Ma'aikatan Museumungiyar Gidan kayan tarihi da Toi da Andrei Skvortsov suma sun ziyarci Ustye-Gorodishchenskoye (Yankin Nyuksensky) - a nan, a ƙarshen bankin babban kogin Sukhona, a ƙarshen shekarun 1970, sun gano wani ɓangaren kashin na Nyuksenitiya.
Daraktan Museumungiyar Gidan Tarihi na Totem Alexei Novosyolov:
- Abubuwan da aka tabbatar da dabbobin da suka rayu shekaru miliyan 300 da suka gabata, a cikin Permian na zamanin Paleozoic (kafin dinosaurs), ana samun su a kai a kai kusa da kogin Sukhona. Wadannan binciken sun fada cikin tarin cibiyoyin bincike da jami'o'i daban-daban, kuma mu - gidajen kayan tarihin - ba mu da irin wannan bayanin.
A cikin 2016, mun koya daga ma'aikatan gidan kayan tarihin kayan tarihi na Vyatka Paleontological cewa a cikin Sukhon a cikin gundumar Totem da Nyuksensky, an samo ragowar dabbobi masu ban sha'awa, duka biyu na daban ne da wanda ya yi kama da waɗanda aka riga aka samo, da kuma waƙoƙin da aka samo su. Masana kimiyya sun ba wa wadannan dabbobi sunayen bisa ga wuraren da aka samo ragowar: ƙasa mai bushe, busasshiyar ƙasa (Sukhona), obirkovia (Obirkovo), serudica (Mica), da nyuksenitiya (Nyuksenitsa).
Tabbas, mun yanke shawarar cewa yakamata a gabatar da hujjoji masu ban sha'awa a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na lore na gida kuma an umurce su da ganin hoto da adadi 20 na dinosaurs. An taimaka mana da tallafin shugaban kasa da aka karɓa a 2018 don aiwatar da aikin Sukhon Lizards. Yanzu muna kammala zauren. Dabba mafi girma, leorgon, hakika tana da tsawon mita hudu. Sauran suna da ƙananan girma (duk da haka ba dinosaur bane).
Alkalumman an kirkira su ne daga mai zane-zane masanin kimiyya, Andrei Skvortsov, ya maido da bayyanar dabbobi daga kasusuwa da alamomin. Abinda kawai shine ba a haɗa shi ba: launinsu, saboda haka akwai roko ga kwalliyar wuri da kuma bayyanar dabbobi masu rarrafe.
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Masanin binciken burbushin halittu ya lura cewa har kwanan nan, a cikin kayan tarihi na yankin, ba a gabatar da fasalin balaguron balaguro da tarihin binciken ta kowace hanya ba. Yanzu, an shirya ɗakunan paleontology a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Totma na Tarihi na Gida, kuma tarihin miliyoyin shekaru ya bayyana a gaban baƙi a cikin siffofi na alamomin da Andrey Skvortsov ya kirkiro.
Wannan lokacin, masanin kimiyyar ya kawo kuma aka sanya shi a cikin zauren muhalli mai ma'ana mafi girma da sifar dabbar dabbobin marigayi Permian - leorgon.
Leasamarta.ir
A cikin Totma, marubucin marubutan rubutu ba ya magana da abokan aiki kawai, har ma da mazauna garin. A ɗaya daga cikin taron metro, paleonotogus ya sadu da mutanen daga sansanin Patriot. Ya gaya wa matasa game da aikinsa, game da balaguro-balaguro na balaguro, game da tsarukan flora da fauna na zamanin Permian kuma ya amsa tambayoyi da yawa.
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Zinaida Selebinko, Daraktan Asusun Tallafawa Salt Earth Initiative
- Muna farin ciki ganin yadda, a gaban idanunmu, aka samar da sabon samfurin Totma mai ban sha'awa - gidan kakannin "Sukhon dinosaurs". A ganina wannan sabon shafi ne a tarihin garin, wanda a al'adance yake wakilta galibi game da samar da gishiri da kuma kewayawa. Totmichi suna da sha'awar ci gaban aikin paleontological, kuma muna fatan cewa haɗin gwiwar nasara tare da irin wannan ƙwararren masanin kimiyya kamar Andrei Skvortsov zai ci gaba!