Kifi makaho ko Astianax na Mexico (lat. Astyanax mexicanus) suna da nau'i biyu, na yau da kullun da makafi, suna zaune a cikin kogo. Kuma, idan da wuya ku ga saba a cikin hanyoyin ruwa, amma makaho ya shahara sosai.
Tsakanin waɗannan kifayen akwai wani lokaci na shekara 10,000, wanda ya kawar da idanun kuma mafi yawan abin ƙamshi daga kifin.
Yana zaune a cikin kogo inda babu wadataccen haske, wannan kifin ya sami saukin ban mamaki na layin ƙarshe, yana ƙyale shi ta hanyar ruwa mai motsi.
A soya suna da idanu, amma yayin da suke girma, suna jujjuya fata da kifayen kuma kifayen sun fara jan hankali a layin gefen ɗanɗano kuma suna ɗanɗano buds dake kan kai.
Rayuwa cikin yanayi
Siffar marasa ido suna zaune ne kawai a cikin Meksiko, amma a zahiri wannan nau'in ya yadu ko'ina cikin Amurka, daga Texas da New Mexico zuwa Guatemala.
Tram na Mexico na yau da kullun yana zaune kusa da ruwa kuma ana samun shi a kusan kowace jikin ruwa, daga rafi zuwa tafkuna da tafkuna.
Kifi mai makanta yana rayuwa ne a cikin kogon ɓoye da kuma gadaje na ciki.
Bayanin
Matsakaicin girman wannan kifin shine 12 cm, kamannin jikin mutum kwatancen ne ga duk haracinovye, launi ne kawai mai launin fata da mara nauyi.
An bambanta kifin kogon ta gaba ɗayan idanuwa da launi, waɗannan albinos ne waɗanda ba su da launi, jiki mai launin shuɗi-fari.
Kasancewa makaho, wannan tetra ba ya buƙatar wani kayan ado ko tsari na musamman kuma ana samun nasarar cikin yawancin nau'ikan ruwa na ruwa.
Ba sa lalata tsire-tsire, amma, a zahiri, a cikin mazaunin waɗannan kifayen, tsire-tsire kawai ba su wanzu.
Za su yi kama da na halitta a cikin a cikin akwatin kifaye ba tare da tsire-tsire ba, tare da manyan duwatsu tare da gefuna da ƙananan duwatsu a cibiyar da ƙasa mai duhu. Hasken hasken yana da rauni, wataƙila tare da fitila masu launin ja ko shuɗi.
Fishes suna amfani da layinta na gefuna don jan hankali a sararin samaniya, kuma gaskiyar cewa zasu yi tuntuɓe akan abubuwa bai zama abin tsoro ba.
Koyaya, wannan ba dalili bane don toshe akwatin kifaye tare da kayan ado, barin sarari kyauta don yin iyo.
Filin kifin ruwa mai nauyin lita 200 kuma ƙari, tare da zafin jiki na ruwa na 20 - 25 ° C, pH: 6.5 - 8.0, taurin 90 - 447 ppm yana da kyawawa.
Gabatarwa
Duniyar kifin akwatin kifayen yayi mamaki tare da bambancinsa da kuma samfurori masu ƙanshi. Misalin irin wannan yanayin shine Astianax Mexico. A cikin Latin, sunan kifin yana kama da Astyanax mexicanus. Abubuwa biyu na wannan kifin sanannu ne - talakawa ne da makafi (marasa idanu).
A tsakanin masu binciken ruwa, shi ne nau'i na biyu wanda ya shahara sosai. A cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya akwai sunaye da yawa na wannan kifin: Astianax (Astyanax jordani), kifin makafi na Mexico (Makafi na Takait na Mexico) ko tarko makaho (Makaho Cave Tetras). Soyayyen wadannan kifayen suna da idanu, amma da wucewar sai jikinsu ya ɗauke shi kuma suka rasa ayyukan gani.
Makafi iri-iri na Asitianax na Mexico da aka gabatar da shi zuwa iyakar ƙasarmu a kwanan nan, a cikin 1960. Bayan kusan shekaru ashirin, bayan haka, a 1978, masu binciken ruwa a cikin gida sun san hanyar gani.
Asitanianax karamin kifi ne wanda ke ɗaukar jiki mai ƙarfi da gaɗewa. Tsawon nau'i na makafi na iya zama 9 cm, nau'in gani na kifin yana girma zuwa cm 12. Zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 5 a cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye.
Jiki da ƙyallen nau'in makanta na kifin ba su da launin fatar fata, kusan suna da ma'ana. Jikin kifin yana da launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi tare da Sheen azurfa. Idanun manya suna daure tare da fim na fata mai ƙarfi, amma kifayen suna da kyau a cikin yanayin ruwa tare da taimakon layin gefe da ɗanɗano da ke dandano kan kai.
Asitianaks na nau'ikan gani yana da baya na baya da na ciki na azurfa. Wani tsiri mai duhu a bayyane yake a jiki. Finarshe a dubura mai launin shuɗi ne, a cikin maza yana da isasshen tip.
Abin ban sha'awa ne cewa makafin Asitianax ya tashi shekaru 10,000 daga baya fiye da yadda aka saba. A wannan lokacin, kifin dole ya zauna a cikin kogon duhu. A karkashin irin wannan yanayin, kifin ya sami mafi girman hankali daga layin ƙarshe, wanda ke ba kifin damar yawo a cikin halin yanzu.
Asitianaxes na Mexico ba su da ma'ana, ko ma mafari na iya wadatar da su. Amma don wannan ƙwarewar don cin nasara, yana da daraja sanin wasu ka'idodi.
Bukatun akwatin kifaye
A karkashin yanayin halitta, Asithianaxes yana zaune a cikin babba ko tsakiyar rafin. A cikin akwatin kifayen, suma suna buƙatar samar da irin wannan damar. Don garken kwafin 5 zuwa 10, yana da kyau ka sayi akwatin kifaye tare da ƙimar lita 50-60. Siffar akwatin kifaye na iya zama madaidaiciya, rectangular, amma ba zagaye ba (a cikin akwatin kifayen zagaye akwai ƙaramin dakin yin iyo). Dole ne a sanya mai kwalliya da injin a cikin akwatin kifaye don daidaita ruwa tare da oxygen da kuma kula da ingancin sa.
Kifayen suna da tsoro, sabili da haka kifin ruwan kifin dole ne a sanye shi da gilashin murfin.
Yarbuwa
Rashin daidaituwa da kwanciyar hankali, kifin kifin makafi ya dace da sabon shiga, saboda yana da alaƙa da juna a cikin hanyoyin ruwa na gama gari.
Wani lokaci suna tsunke ƙyallen maƙwabta ga maƙwabta yayin ciyarwa, amma wannan yana da alaƙa da yunƙurin faɗakarwa fiye da zalunci.
Ba za a iya kira su da wadatarwa da ƙarfi ba, amma kifayen makafi suna da ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa a cikin makarantar, saboda haka an ba da shawarar kiyaye akalla mutane 4-5.
Kasar bukatun
Waɗannan ƙananan kifayen zahiri suna kama da amfani da bangon ƙasa mai duhu. Ana iya yin ado da akwatin kifin tare da karamin kogo na ado - wannan zai kawo yanayin kiyaye kifin kusa da na halitta. Amma ya kamata a tuna cewa ƙasa ko kayan adon bai kamata su ƙunshi kusassun kusoshi ba don kada kifin da bai ji rauni ba.
Bambanci tsakanin mace da namiji
Lalacewar jima'i na Asitianaxes na Mexico ana iya gano shi sosai. Mace koyaushe tana birgima, tare da zagaye ciki. Mutane daban-daban sun bambanta da siffar fin fin - a cikin maza zagaye ne, kuma cikin mace ya miƙe. Kafin tsagewa, ƙone mutum ya yi ja.
Yaduwa da Asitianax
Asitanian na Mexico na nufin ma'anar kifin mai tsalle. Balagagge yana faruwa shekara guda bayan haihuwa, amma akwai shaidar cewa kiwo kifi na iya faruwa tun yana wata shida. Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin farawa, maza da mata sun kasu kashi-kashi dabam-dabam kuma ana ciyar da su da abinci mai gina jiki.
Don kiwo, an ba da ƙaramin garke na Asitianaxes (maza uku ko huɗu da mace ɗaya) a cikin akwatin katangar daban. Kamar wadatarwa, zaka iya amfani da tanki mai fili mai nauyin 20 lita ko sama da haka. Don cika, ɗaukar ruwa daga cikin akwatin ruwa na gama gari, wanda shine 1/3 diluted tare da sabo kuma zauna. Zazzabi na matsakaici mai ruwa ya tashi zuwa matakin 26-27.
Ciyarwa yakanyi tsawan kwana biyu ko uku. A lokaci guda, mace tana samar da ƙanana kaɗan daga 500 zuwa 1000 tare da diamita na 1 mm. Ana saka Caviar a cikin ruwa na sama, a saman farfajiya. Qwai ba da warwatse a duk hanyoyin. Don adana caviar da soya daga cin abinci ta hanyar iyaye, an sanya daji mai 'yan ciyayi tare da ƙananan ganye a cikin ƙasa mai ba da fata. Eggsanana ƙanana da ɗamara masu fadowa daga saman ruwan za su manne a cikin ganyayyaki kuma ba za su zama ganima na babban kifi ba. An sanya keɓaɓɓiyar tarho a ƙasan ɓarnar ciki - ɓangaren qwai kuma za su yi kwanciya a kai.
A ƙarshen spawning, ana samar da masu samar da kifin zuwa wurin ruwa na gama gari, a cikin spawning, an canza wani ɓangaren ruwan kuma an cika shi da oxygen ta amfani da damfara. Bayan kwana ɗaya ko biyu, larvae ya bayyana daga ƙwai. Bayan wasu kwanaki uku zuwa hudu, yaran sun fara iyo suna neman abinci. Asitianax makafin kifi na Mexico yana da idanu na kwanaki 50 na farko, amma sai fata ta ja shi. Ko da tare da gabobin hangen nesa, kwanon ruwansu ba ya ganin abinci mai motsawa, amma suna jinsu suna haɗuwa da jiki.
A matsayin abincin farko na jarirai, "rayayyun ƙura", anauplii da abinci mai bushe. Yayinda suke girma, soya ana ana tsara su ta girman don kada manyan mutane su ci ƙananan.
Banbancin jinsi
Mace ta cika, tare da babba, zagaye ciki. A cikin maza, fin fin yana ɗan ɗanɗano, alhali kuwa a cikin mace yana madaidaiciya.
An gabatar da gwajin "Pisces" a cikin nau'ikan 3. Wannan aiki ne na matakai da yawa, wanda ya ƙunshi ɗawainiya tare da zaɓin amsar daidai, gano wasa, ƙayyade ƙungiyarta bisa ga bayanin da kuma cikakken amsar tambayar.
Gabatarwa:
Gwaji "FISH" 1 zaɓi
1. Zuciya guda biyu tana da
1) skullless 2) guringuntsi da kifin kashi 3) amphibians 4) tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa
2. Wanne ne daga sifofin halittar jikin mutum wanda ya bambanta yawancin nau'in kifayen kashi daga guringuntsi
1) idanuwan da aka rufe idanunsu 2) canals na waje 3) gill mai hade guda 4)
3. Kifi mai kogon makaho yana iya samun abinci ta:
1) girgiza ruwa da aka kama ta layin gefe,
2) rawar ruwa na tsakiyar kunne ya kama,
3) alama daga sel masu daukar hoto,
4) Alamar lantarki yayin da aka gano ta kai tsaye daga cikin mahaifa ta mahaifa.
4. A cikin kifi, ana wadatar da jini tare da oxygen a cikin kwayoyin, saboda haka jini yana shiga cikin sel jikin:
1) gauraye, 2) cike da carbon dioxide, 3) venous, 4) arterial.
5. Alamomin dake rarrabe kifayen da wasu dabbobin -
1) kasancewar kashin baya daga sassan 3 2) kwakwalwa daga sassan biyar
3) wani mummunan da'ira da kewaya jini 4) zuciya mai daki biyu
II. 1. Kafa rubutu tsakanin kungiyoyin dabbobi da halayensu na sihiri.
A) Ya hada da kifin matsakaici da girma. Ana nuna su da kasancewar fin adipose fin. An rarrabu cikin tsaurara da tsauraran arewa. Tekuna na Gabas suna da arziki musamman. Bayan tsallakewa, yawancinsu suna mutuwa
B) Jiki sosai wanda ba su da '' flattened 'da manyan ƙwanƙwashin ƙwararraki, waɗanda aka haɗe tare da kai, halaye ne. Bakin, hanci da cin hancin giyar biyar suna nan akan shimfiɗa kuma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, haske mai haske.
1V. 1. Rubuta halaye na dacewa da kifin zuwa yanayin yanayin ruwa
2. Bayyana tsarin wurare dabam dabam na kifi
Gwaji "FISH" 2 zaɓi
I. Zaɓi amsa daidai
1 .. Dabbobin ruwa na cikin ruwa suna da tsarin rufewar kewaya da zuciya mai hawa biyu
1) Hawan kogin Nilu 2) Shark mai launin shuɗi 3) Dolphin squirrel 4) kunkuru mai daskarewa
2. Daga gabobin kifayen a cikin tasoshin:
1) farin ciki, 2) jini na jini, 3) hemolymph, 4) jini hade.
3. Babu mafitsara a iyo:
1) sharks, 2) maharan, 3) chimeras, 4) duk waɗannan.
4. kashin kifin ya kasu kashi biyu:
1) akwati da wutsiya, 2) mahaifa, akwati da wutsiya,
3) cervical, thoracic, sacral da caudal, 4) babu rarrabuwa cikin sassan.
5. Matsayi da ƙarfin halin yanzu, zurfin nutsarwar kifayen suna jin
1) kashin mahaifa 2) kashin kashin baya 3) layin gefe 4) mafitsara bayan iyo
II. Saita rubutu tsakanin ɗabi'ar kifin da halin halayensa.
2. Sanya rubutu tsakanin umarnin kifaye da nau'ikan su
III. Rubuta sunan kifin kamar yadda aka bayyana
A) Kasusuwan kashin-kashin-kashi. Akwai wani haquri da ke ci gaba cikin rayuwa. Layuka 5 na filayen kashi (kwari) dake kan tudun da kan bangarorin. Rashin jikin vertebral
karkace bawul din ciki, mazugi na zuciya.
B) Jikin daɗaɗɗen jiki, dan matsa kaɗan daga bangarorin. Launin launuka launin shuɗi ne mai launin shuɗi ko mai ruwan kore, ciki yana da fari da adon azurfa. Haɗe-haɗe da ƙusoshin marasa laushi suna da taushi. Ba a gan layin gefe ba
1V. 1. Rubuta darajar kifin
2. bayyana tsarin narkewar kifi
Gwaji "FISH" 3 zaɓi
I. Zaɓi amsa daidai
1. A cikin aiwatar da juyin halitta, kashin baya ya fara bayyana a ciki
1. lanjabi 2) arthropods 3) amphibians 4) kifi
2. Dabbobin da kasusuwan kasusuwa ko kasusuwa-gasa mai katsewa, gill tare da murfin gill, an haɗasu cikin aji
1) kifi kasusuwa 2) amphibians 3) kifin gwaiba 4) lanjabi
3 .. Menene banbancin kungiyar kifayen da ke da gogewar da suke ba da damar a ɗauke su magabatan ƙasa ne?
1) Sikeli a jikin mutum, kasancewar kashin kansa, 2) samuwar huhu, ginin musamman na ƙashin kansa,
3) siffar jikin mutum mai saukarwa, gabobin haɓakar mambobi masu kyau, 4) numfashi tare da taimakon kwayoyi, tsinkaya.
4. The perch yana da:
1) kunne na waje, na tsakiya da ciki, 2) tsakiyar kunne da ciki,
3) kawai kunne na ciki; 4) babu gabobin jin magana na musamman.
5. ofaya daga cikin alamun da ke ba da izinin kifi su ciyar da ƙarancin makamashi don shawo kan juriya na ruwa yayin motsawa
1) launi mai kariya 2) tsari kamar tile
3) layin na baya 4) ma'anar wari
II. Ka samar da daidaituwa tsakanin halayen dabbobi da kuma abubuwan da waɗannan halayen ke da sihiri.
Saita rubutu tsakanin umarnin kifayen da nau'ikan su
III. Rubuta sunan kifin kamar yadda aka bayyana
A) Sakamakon farji na gabanin ya haɗu da mafitsara mai iyo a cikin kunne na ciki - kayan aikin Weber Akwai hakora mai ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a ƙananan kasusuwa na ƙananan fatar. Babu ciki, abinci daga esophagus nan da nan ya shiga cikin hanji mai tsawo
B) ancientungiyar tsohuwar kifin ruwan ruwa. Yawancin kasusuwa ya kasance itace. An adana chord din. Kasancewar banda gill da kuma huhun hanji.
IV. 1 bayyana tsari da kuma aikin birin na iyo
2. bayyana tsarin juyayi na kifi
Kifi kogon makanta
A shekarar 1936, mai binciken Salvadoro Corona ya gano kifi na makaho na farko a cikin kogon Mexico. An aika su nan da nan zuwa masanin kimiyyar Amurka S.V. Jordan, wanda ya bayyana kuma ya ba da sunan kimiyya ga waɗannan kifin na musamman, shine Anoptichthys jordani daga dangin haracin. Fatar fata na anoptyctum ba ta da launi kuma ba ta da launin toka, saboda haka wannan kifin yana da launi mai ruwan hoda, saboda jan jini da yake bayyane ta hanyar fata. Idanun Jordan na anopticht sun ragu gaba ɗaya kuma har ma da sansu rufe fata. Duk da wannan, anopticht yana tafiya daidai cikin sararin ruwa na kogon duhu, godiya ga gabobin sashin kusa dana haɓaka.
A shekara ta 1942, yawon shakatawa na musamman don baffa marasa ido sun sami nasarar kama wannan kifin ba kawai, har ma don samun zuriya daga kifayen da aka kama.
Shekaru sun shude, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin an gano nau'ikan kifin 50 na makafi a cikin kogon dutse a duniya. Sun kasance sun bambanta sosai, saboda sun kasance a cikin iyalan 12 na umarni 6. A lokaci guda, kifin kogon da ke cikin makaho da pimelodovy, Clariy, brotulovoy da cat catfish suna zaune a Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka. A cikin Afirka, mazaunin kogo makafi da aka samo a cikin kogunan kogo sune wakilan Vandellove, proboscis da kuma 'yan gudun hijirar, a Japan da Madagascar' yan uwan gobies ne, kuma a cikin kogon tsakiyar Asiya da makwabta Iran, mazaunan kogon daga loach da cyprinids. A Ostiraliya, an gano kifi na farko makafi a cikin 1945 kuma ya sami sunan "makaho".
Yawancin nau'ikan kifayen da suke rayuwa a cikin wani kogon dutse, kamar anoptichthys, ba su da launi, idanunsu kuma sun ragu zuwa mataki ɗaya ko wata, tun da ganin idanuwa baya aiki a cikin duhun kogon, amma hankalinsu na ƙanshin, dandano da taɓawa suna da kyau, a matsayin diyya don ɓataccen hangen nesa .
Kifayen makafi na Gidiyon Gidiyon (Milyeringa veritas) ƙaramin kifi ne mai tsawon dutsen da bai wuce cm 5 ba. Gidiyon makafi bai cika gani ba. Shugaban kifin ba shi da sikeli, amma an yi masa ado da layuka masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Manufar su ita ce tantance matsin ruwa. Tsarin papillae mai hankali shine wannan ingantaccen tsarin azanci wanda ke ba da izinin wannan kifin makafi don yawo a cikin sararin ruwa na duhu na kogo, kuma ƙari, ƙayyade wurin da masu haɗarin, waɗanda ba su da yawa a cikin kogon ruwa waɗanda suke da yawa a kan dabbobi.
Ba a daɗe da yawa kamar yadda aka bayyana wannan kifin na makafi, Gidiyon, kuma an riga an samo shi a kan babban yanki a cikin kogon Australia: a Arewa maso yamma Wales da kuma arewacin tsibirin Barrow. Wannan kifayen makaho suna zaune a wurare da yawa: a cikin kananan wuraren waha a cikin kan dutse, kofofin buɗe wuta, ramuka masu zurfi a cikin duwatsun, tsoffin rijiyoyin da manyan kofofin ciki.Ya juya ga cewa makahon kifayen Gidiyon zai iya rayuwa biyun a cikin kogo a nesa nesa da nisan mil 4.3 daga wuraren da ba a ba da haske, da kuma bakin tekun kusa da bakin tekun.
Littlearamin sani game da ilmin Gidiyon makafi. Binciken abubuwanda ke ciki na wayannan magabatan suna nuna cewa suna kamawa sosai, ko kuma sun tsince su daga saman ruwayoyin da suke lalata su wanda kwatsam suka fada cikin ruwan kogon. Waɗannan su ne tururuwa, da kuma keɓaɓɓun ƙasa na crustaceans (kamar su inji itace), baranba da sauran kwari. Baya ga farauta masu saurin wucewa, Gidiyon suna fafutukar kwace gangar jikin ruwa na ruwa daga dangin Atrydae, suna rayuwa a wasu kogunan kogo. Koyaya, irin nau'in abincin da suke ci shine halayen Gidiyon da ke zaune kusa da mafita daga kogon, kuma waɗannan wuraren suna da 1% na mazaunin kifayen makaho. Kuma tushen abincin Gidiyon da ke zaune a cikin kogo mai zurfi kusan kusan makafi jatan jifa ne.
Kifayen makafi, tare da makafin makullan (Ophisternon candidum), su ne kadai masu cin naman kogon da ke zaune a Ostiraliya. A cikin titunan kogon, makafi Gideonons ya tafi yawon shakatawa ko dai kusa da saman ko zurfin, wanda ba shi da halin halayen masu farauta masu aiki.
Yanzu wannan kifayen makaho yana jin daɗi sosai a cikin ramuka na kwari da ke cikin yankin Park Range na National Park. Koyaya, tsarin ruwan kogo shine tsarin budewa, kuma canji a cikin ma'adinai ko daidaituwar ma'aurata a cikin ruwan kewaye shima yana shafar jikin kogon. Don haka, kawai sanya ido a kan ruwan karkashin kasa da kuma tasirinsa zai taimaka wa masana kimiyya su zurfafa cikin tsararren dangantakar ma'abutan kogon Australia, daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan haɗin ginin shine makahon kifayen Gidiyon.
Gideon Cave wani nau'in kariya ne kuma an jera shi akan jerin dabbobi da ba'a hadasu da Australia.
Zaɓi amsa daidai.
1. Zuciya guda biyu tana da
1) skullless 2) kifin katako da kifi
3) 'yan uba 4) tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa
2. Rufaffiyar wurare dabam dabam da yake aiki da zuciya biyu kuma suna da dabbobi masu ruwa
1) Macen kogin Nilu 2) shube shar
3) dabbar dolphin 4) dabbar dabbar fari
3. Wanne ne daga cikin sifofin halittar halittar halittar halittar masu bambancin nau'ikan kifi na kashi daga guringuntsi
1) idanun da aka rufe idanunsu 2) canalset na waje
3) murfin gill mai hade
4. Yayin aiwatar da juyin halitta, kashin baya ya fara fitowa a ciki
1) cinikin 2) arthropods 3) amphibians 4) kifi
5. Animals tare da kasusuwa ko kasusuwa-gibin kasusuwa, gills tare da murfin farin ciki, an haɗu da su a cikin aji 1) kifin kashi 2) amintattun kifi 3) kifin na katako
Waɗanne ne tushen tsarin kifayen da ke da ƙoshin haƙoran da suka ba mu damar la’akari da su magabatan ƙasa ne?
1) Sikeli a jikin mutum, kashin kansa,
2) samuwar huhu, tsarin halittar ƙonewa,
3) Siffar jikin mutum, gabobin gabban jiki,
4) numfashi tare da taimakon kwayoyi, tsinkaya.
7. Kifin ƙasusuwa sun haɗa da: 1) sharks, 2) stingrays, 3) sabbin abubuwa, 4) sturgeons.
8. Kifi mai kogon makaho na iya samun abinci ta:
1) girgiza ruwa da aka kama ta layin gefe,
2) rawar ruwa na tsakiyar kunne ya kama,
3) alama daga sel masu daukar hoto,
4) Alamar lantarki yayin da aka gano ta kai tsaye daga cikin mahaifa ta mahaifa.
9. Daga kwayar kifayen a cikin jirgin ruwa ke gudana:
1) farin ciki, 2) jini na jini, 3) hemolymph, 4) jini hade.
10. llsawan ƙwai ba su da qwai masu kariya: 1) kunkuru, 2) othich, 3) herring, 4) vipers.
11. Babu mafitsara a iyo: 1) sharks, 2) stingrays, 3) chimeras, 4) duk waɗannan.
12. A cikin kifi, ana wadatar da jini tare da oxygen a cikin kwayoyin, saboda haka jini yana shiga cikin sel jikin:
1) gauraye, 2) cike da carbon dioxide,
3) venous; 4) arterial.
13. kashin kifin ya kasu kashi biyu:
1) akwati da wutsiya, 2) mahaifa, akwati da wutsiya,
3) cervical, thoracic, sacral da caudal, 4) babu rarrabuwa cikin sassan.
14. Kurciya tana da:
1) kunne na waje, na tsakiya da ciki, 2) tsakiyar kunne da ciki,
3) kawai kunne na ciki; 4) babu gabobin jin magana na musamman.
15. Wucewa kifi:
1) rayuwa a cikin tekuna, biyun a cikin tafkuna, 2) rayuwa a cikin tekuna, asali a cikin koguna,
3) rayuwa da shayarwa a cikin koguna daban-daban, 4) rayuwa da asali a cikin tekuna daban-daban.
16. Alamomin dake rarrabe kifayen da wasu dabbobin kai tsaye -
1) kasancewar kashin baya daga sassan 3 2) kwakwalwa daga sassan biyar
3) wani mummunan da'ira da kewaya jini 4) zuciya mai daki biyu
17. ofaya daga cikin alamun da ke ba da izinin kifi su ciyar da ƙarancin makamashi don shawo kan juriya na ruwa yayin motsawa
1) launi mai kariya 2) tsari kamar tile
3) layin na baya 4) ma'anar wari
Waɗanne ne ma'anar ƙungiyar halittar kamun kifin wanda yake mai da su magabatan ƙasa ne?
1) Sikeli a kan fata, kasancewar ƙashin ƙashi
2) Siffar jikin mutum, gabobin jikinsa mai haɓaka
3) mafitsara na yin iyo kamar na huhu, tsarin musamman na ƙashin kansa
4) motsa numfashi, ciyar da wasu dabbobi
1) kashin mahaifa; 2) kashin baya
3) layin gefe 4) mafitsara mai iyo
20. Gill arches na kifi yi aikin
1) musayar gas 2) tace
3) goyon bayan 4) karuwa a farfajiyar yankin
21. Wane adadi ne kan alƙalin da ke nuna kifin mai gurnani? 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
22. Wani muhimmin bambanci na tsari tsakanin pike da Shark na Tekun Bahar shine Katran.
2) kashin kashin
3) tsarin kwakwalwa
23. A cikin kifi, jini ya zama arterial in
1) zuciya 2) cincin ciki 3) gishirin ƙwayoyin cuta 4) ƙwayoyin gabobin ciki
Menene aikin ikon da aka nuna ta alamar alamar a cikin hoton?
1) narkewar abinci a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki
2) Samuwar kwai a cikin mata da maniyyi a cikin maza
3) 'yantar da jiki daga samfuran metabolism marasa amfani
4) tashi zuwa saman ruwa ka nutse cikin zurfi
Wanne daga dabbobi masu zuwa suke da hadi na ciki?
1) irin kifi 2) daskararren ƙasa 3) ƙyanƙyashe 4) ƙyallen kandami
26. Wane aiki ne cerebellum yake yi a cikin kifi?
1) samar da daidaituwa na motsi 2) yana tsara tsarin kewaya
3) tsinkaye bayani daga sassan ji na 4) yana sarrafa halayyar
Wane adadi ne a cikin wannan alƙalumman ke nuna kifin na kifin?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
27. Wani bangare na kwakwalwar kifi aka nuna ta alamar alamar a cikin adadi?
1) midbrain 2) medulla oblongata 3) cerebellum 4) farji
1) gabobin hangen nesa da ji 2) sel masu rauni
3) gabobin daga kan layi na gefe 4) dukkan saman fata
29. Kifi na ƙashi sun hada da: 1. Sharks 2. Sturgeons 3. Sterlet 4. Stingrays 5. Lancelet 6. Sazans
Meye namomin kaza da ciyawa ke da su iri daya?
1) rashi chlorophyll a cikin sel
2) girma mara iyaka
3) sha abubuwa daga mahallin ta hanyar sha
4) abinci mai gina jiki ya shirya abubuwan da suka dace da kwayoyin
5) haifuwa ta amfani da spores
6) adana kayan abinci na glycogen
31. Sanya rubutu tsakanin halaye da nau'in dabbobi
A) bude tsarin yada jini
B) kwarangwal na ciki - tsirkiya
C) bututun da ke kwance a jikin mutum yake
D) sarkar jijiya na ciki
D) tsarin rufe wurare dabam dabam
E) gwanayen kafaffun hannu
32. Kafa yarjejeniya tsakanin wakilan masarautar dabba da ire-irensu.
A) hada da tawagar
B) hada aji na Cartilage,
C) gill da kuma huhu,
D) numfashi na huhu,
D) an gina layin ƙarshe,
E) wasu mutane suna da ƙwayar parietal wacce ke tsinkayen alamun haske.
33. Saita rubutu tsakanin halayen tsarin wurare dabam dabam da kuma dabbobin dabbobi.
A) jini mai santsi a cikin zuciya,
B) akwai dakuna guda hudu a zuciya,
C) da'irori biyu na kewaya jini,
D) daya kewaya jini wurare dabam dabam,
D) Ciki mai gudana daga zuciya yana shiga cikin huhu,
E) akwai dakuna biyu a cikin zuciya.
34. Sanya daidaiton tsakanin yanayin kifin da halin halin halayyar sa. A) Gill ramukan bude a waje
B) An tura bakin a gefen ciki na jiki
B) yawancin wakilai suna da mafifan iyo
D) kwarangwal kashi
D) an cika murfin da murfin gill
1) Kifin Cartilaginous
35. Sanya kwatancen tsakanin halayen kifaye da halin da wannan halin yake. A) hadi na ciki
B) gills yana buɗewa tare da gill slits
B) ƙaura yayin balaguron halayyar wasu nau'ikan halittu ne
D) an cika murfin da murfin gill
D) yawanci akwai amai na iyo
1) Kifin Cartilaginous
2) Manyan katako mai katako
36. Saitawa tsakanin halin da rukunin dabbobi wanda halinsa yake.
A) An kiyaye tsararru a cikin dukkan jinsuna tsawon rayuwa
B) kwakwalwa yana kunshe da bangarori biyar
B) Zuciya ta zama dakuna
D) kasancewar yatsun hannu biyar
D) bututu mai narkewa ya ci gaba cikin manya
E) bututun da ke canzawa zuwa kwakwalwa da igiyar kashin baya
37. Shirya dabbobin cikin jerin da ke nuna rikicewar tsarin juyayinsu yayin juyin halitta: 1) cinikin 2) toad 3) hydra 4) shark 5) kada 6) orangutan
Kirki da cikakken amsar tambayar.
Waɗanne abubuwa abubuwa masu azanci da kuma yaya kifin ya basu damar hawa cikin ruwa?
Waɗanne ayyuka ne a jikin kifin wanda bera zai iya yin?
Wadanne abubuwa ne game da tsarin kifin suke taimakawa wajen rage farashin kuzari don motsawa cikin ruwa?
Me yasa yawan kifin herbivorous na kasuwanci ke raguwa sosai yayin da aka kashe kifayen da ke cikin kandami?
5. Nemo kurakuran guda uku a cikin rubutun kuma gyara su.
1. Kifi - kifin ruwa na ruwa.
2. Tallafin jikin duk kifi shine kashin ciki na ciki
3. Yin numfashi a cikin kamun kifi.
4. A cikin tsarin kewaya, da'irori biyu masu yaduwar jini, kuma a zuciya kawai jini yake gudana.
5. Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya na kifi yana da nau'i na bututu, gaban wanda ya juya ya zama goshin, ya ƙunshi sassan 5.
6. Yawancin kifaye suna hermaphrodite.
Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa kifi mai kogon makanta wanda ya kwashe miliyoyin shekaru a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ya zama ruwan dare daga alamun dare da rana, har yanzu suna da agogon halitta na aiki, duk da cewa ba a gurbata ta ba. Masu bincike suna da kwarin gwiwa cewa gano kayan na iya samar da wata hujja game da yadda irin wannan agogo na ciki ke aiki a cikin dabbobi.
Agogon cikin gida, wanda aka sani da yanayin kewaya, yana taimaka wa dabbobi, tsirrai, da sauran nau'ikan rayuwa don daidaita ayyukan yau da kullun zuwa yanayin dare da rana. Wannan agogo ba koyaushe yake bin jadawalin awa 24 ba, sabili da haka, don aiki tare da duniyar dabi'a, ana sake saita su ta yau da kullun ta amfani da sigina kamar hasken rana.
Koyaya, yanayin kewaya yana haifar da batun ko halittun da suke rayuwa cikin duhu har yanzu suna iya aiki da jadawalin lokaci, kuma idan zasu iya, ta yaya zasuyi. Misali, kusan kifaye 50 a duniya suna kashe rayukansu a cikin kogon ba tare da hasken rana ba; yayin juyin halitta, yawancinsu sun rasa idanunsu.
"Kifayen kogon dutse suna ba mu damar fahimtar yadda tsananin hasken rana ke tasiri ga juyin halitta," in ji mai bincike Cristiano Bertolucci, masaniyar chronobiologist a Jami'ar Ferrara, Italiya.
Bertolucci tare da abokan aikinsa sun binciki kifin kogo na Somaliya (Phreatichthys andruzzii), wanda ya zauna cikin keɓance a cikin hamada na shekaru miliyan 1.4 zuwa 2.6. Sun gwada yanayin yanayin yin iyo da yanayin halittar agogo da aka gani a cikin kifayen al'ada - da ɓacin kifin zebrafish, tare da waɗanda ke nuna kifin kogon.
Tsira zebrafish ya nuna wata rhythmic circadian kari, aiki tare tare da hawan duhu da haske. Ba tare da wata damuwa ba, halayen kifi na makahon kogo ba suyi aiki daidai da rana ba. Koyaya, lokacin da aka yi amfani da wani siginar rhythmic - tazara ta yau da kullun lokacin da aka bai wa kifin abinci - yanayin kifayen da aka fi dacewa da kifin zebra da kuma kifin kogon ya zo daidai. An gano cewa agogon kifi na iya yin aiki idan aka ba da siginar da ta dace, kamar abinci.
Binciken kusa game da kwayoyin halittun kifi na karkashin kasa sun bayyana maye gurbi a cikin manyan abubuwan sinadarai masu daukar hoto biyu da ake kira opsins, wanda ke toshe ikon amsa haske sannan kuma ya haifar da rudani a cikin yanayin. Baƙon abu ne cewa lokacin da aka bai wa kifin mai guba wani abu mai sinadarai wanda ke kunna kwayoyin halittu na agogo a cikin kifayen al'ada, yanayin keɓaɓɓen kifin ya faru a cikin tsararren sa'o'i 47 na lokaci.
Gaskiyar cewa sa'ar kifin kogon ba ta bin tsarin tafiyar awowi 24 da ake tsammani yana nuna cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna kan aiwatar da asarar da ke ciki, in ji Nicholas Folkes, masanin binciken halittu a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Karlsruhe, Jamus.
Ya bayyana cewa waɗannan hadadden hanyoyin suna da wahalar canzawa, amma galibi sun juya baya canzawa ga yawancin jinsuna iri daban-daban, sabili da haka, a cewar Folkes, yana iya ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa don rasa su. A matsayin ɓangare na wannan aikin da yake gudana, tabbas mai yiwuwa ne saboda wannan agogon yana aiki ne a cikin sake zagayawa cikin sa'o'i 47 maimakon sa'o'i 24 na awa. Wataƙila a cikin shekaru miliyan wannan kifin bazai da agogo na ciki kwata-kwata. Har yanzu ba'a san ko wannan agogon ba yana amfani da kowane irin manufa.
Mafi yawan abin da ba'a fahimta bane idan akazo batun yadda haske yake daidaita yanayin murcin. Binciken aikin wadannan kwayoyin halitta a cikin kifin kogon makafi ya ba da alamu na farko ga asirin yadda wadannan kwayoyin halittun masu daukar hoto ke aiki a wasu kifin.
"Wannan binciken ya ba da babbar damar fahimtar kyakkyawar fahimta game da yadda agogo take amsa yanayin," in ji Folkes.
Makaho Cave form
A. mexicanus wanda aka sani da sifar kogon makanta, wanda aka sani da "sigar kogon makanta", "makanta na makanta" ko "kifin kogon makanta". Akwai kusan keɓaɓɓun 30an tsibiri guda 30 da ke rayuwa a cikin kogunan zurmi waɗanda suka rasa ƙarancin gani da gani har da idanun kansu. Wadannan kifayen, duk da haka, suna samun hanyarsu cikin duhu tare da ɓarna wanda ke kula da yawan canjin yanayi.
Makaho da nau'ikan gani sun kasance iri daya ne, tunda suna da kusanci da juna kuma suna iya haduwa. Akwai irin wannan makafin makafi Astyanax jordani, kwanan nan ya sauko daga wani nau'in gani mai gani, wanda yake rikitarwa da makafi A. mexicanus. A lokacin haihuwa, dan dutsen A. mexicanus yana da idanu, amma tare da shekaru, idanun suka girma akan fatar, sannan kuma gaba ɗaya ta shuɗe.
Alamomin waje na astianax
Jikin kifin yana da girma, yana dan matsa kadan a gefunan. Babu wani kwalliya a kai, don haka launi na jiki mai launin shuɗi ne. Lokacin da aka nuna haske akan tarnaƙi, baƙi masu bayyana mara nauyi tare da ƙwayoyin hankali suna gani. Insasassuka masu launin ja, m. A lokacin tsunduma cikin namiji, sai su zama ja mai haske. Mace tana da girma da kauri fiye da namiji. Tana da fin fin fuska tare da nuna tayal. Makafi mai jagora yana jagora ta hanyar layi tare da masu karɓa mai hankali.
Idanun Astianaxes suna daure da fatar fatar, kamar yadda suke rayuwa a cikakkiyar rashin haske. Girman kifia cikin mazaunin cikin akwatin kifaye suna 10 cm.
Na'urar Astianax
Astianax yana da siffofi guda biyu: makafi, suna rayuwa a cikin kogo da saba. Maimakon haka, ana kiran wannan kifin ba makaho bane, amma ba ya da ido. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa idanun kifayen sun ƙone ne kawai saboda ƙarancin haske a cikin kogon. Amma kifayen suna da daidaituwa a cikin duhu tare da taimakon gabobin taɓawa, ɗanɗano da layin ƙarshe.
Astianax (Astyanax mexicanus).
A cikin aquariums, yan koyo suna dauke da nau'in makafi, astianaxes talakawa ba su da shahara. Soyaya suna da idanu, amma yayin da suke girma, suna zama cike da fata, kifayen sun fara jan hankalin kansu ta hanyar sigina daga layin gefen dandano da ɗanɗano waɗanda ke kan kai.
Siffofin halayyar astianaxes a cikin akwatin kifaye
Astianaxi taguwa 'yan kadan basu da kunya, amma maimakon kifi mai son zaman lafiya. A cikin ruwa, suna zama a cikin babba da na tsakiya. Idan aka haɗu da wasu nau'in, zasu iya samun kuskure tare da neons da guppies. Mene ne dalilin irin wannan ƙiyayya ba a sani ba. Kifi suna da matukar damuwa ga tsawar, suna iya firgita kuma suna iya tashi daga cikin akwatin kifaye, saboda haka suna rufe ta da murfi.
Babban yanayin halayen astianaxes shine jin kunya.
A cikin akwatin kifaye mai ƙarfin 50 50, ana iya kiyaye kifayen makafi 6-8.Yana da matukar muhimmanci a ƙirƙira wa Astianaxes wuri mai dutse wuri-wuri kusa da mazaunin halitta. Ya kamata a shuka tsire-tsire masu tsananin wuya, kamar yadda makafin kifi yake yawan cin ganye.
Yankin zazzabi da kifayen ke bukata daga 15-18 ° C zuwa 28-29 ° C. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da mafi dacewa: yawan zafin jiki 20-25 ° C, acid pH 6.5-7.5, tauri dH 15-25 °. Bugu da kari, aeration, tacewa, sauya sati na kashi na hudu na ruwa ya zama dole. Kifi mai makaho baya buƙatar haske. Don samun sakamako mai kyau, ya kamata ka shigar da fitilun fitilun wuta wanda yake daidaita lokaci daren a tsakanin murjani murjani. Firayim masu dacewa suna da tsakuwa ko yashi.
Ba duk Astianaxes bane makafi. Makaho kawai nau'in kogo ne na wannan nau'in, wanda bashi da idanu kuma shine albino.
Abinci na Astianax
A cikin yanayi, makafi kifayen ke ciyar da kwari. Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin akwatin kifaye, Astianaxes basu da ma'ana a zaɓin abinci. Su masu iko ne duka, suna cin abinci mai wucin gadi da abinci mai rai. Ga abincin abinci iri-iri, sutturar saman abinci na lokaci tare da ciyarwar shuka ya zama dole, in ba haka ba kifaye suna cin tsire-tsire na akwatin kifaye. Za a iya ba su hatsi mai ƙonewa, nama mai narkewa, gurasa.
Kiwo makafi kifi
Yana dan shekara daya, kifayen makaho ke iya kiwo. Don samun zuriya, an zaɓi maza da mata, ana keɓe su daban da juna na tsawon kwanaki 5-6 kuma ana ciyar da su sosai. Don tsinkaye, kuna buƙatar kama maza mafi yawan maza, an zaɓi masu samarwa dangane da mace 1 ga maza biyu.
Ofarar da aka yiwa spaining shine 30-40 lita. Ana zuba ruwa mai ɗora a ciki tare da zazzabi na 25-27 ° C, ruwan dumi yana ƙarfafa tsarin motsa jiki. An sanya yashi mai laushi ko tsakuwa a ƙasan. A cikin akwatin kifayen fata, kuna buƙatar sanya tsirrai masu wucin gadi da ƙananan ganye, kifayen za su biyo su daga baya. Ya kamata a inu da akwatin kifaye.
Wadannan kifayen, duk da haka, suna samun hanyarsu cikin duhu tare da ɓarna wanda ke kula da yawan canjin yanayi.
Kifi sa ƙwai a rana ta biyu ko ta uku bayan dasawa a cikin wani ruwa mai ruwa ruwa. Namiji da mace suna miƙewa zuwa lokaci ɗaya kan ruwa, kuma idan sun haɗu, sukan matsa kansu da fuskokin juna kuma nan da nan za su tashi daga juna. Sannan mace ta hadiye kwai 4-6, namiji yakan hado su kai tsaye “a kan tashi”. Caviar fadowa zuwa kasan akwatin kifaye ya mutu. Guda mace ɗaya mai siyarwa 200-300, ƙasa da ƙananan qwai 1000.
Bayan sun yi tsami, maza da mata suna kwance. A cikin akwatin kifaye, ana maye gurbin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ruwa kuma ana yin aeration. Larvae yana fitowa daga ƙwai bayan kwanaki 1-4, sun juya zuwa soya kuma a rana ta bakwai sun sami damar iyo da kuma cin abinci da yardar kaina. An ba su abinci tare da ciliates, nauplii na brine shrimp, "ƙura mai rai", soya suna da ƙyalli sosai kuma suna girma da sauri. Adadin abinci yana karuwa koyaushe. Abincin bushewa da rotifers suna cikin abincin. Lokacin da yake makonni uku, ƙananan kifayen makafi suna samun launi mai launi. Astianaxes suna zaune a cikin akwatin kifaye na kimanin shekaru 4-5.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da kifin makafi
An sani cewa duk larvae da soya kusan kusan haɓaka idanu tare da launin duhu.
A lokacin haihuwa, kifin kogon yana da idanu, amma tare da tsufa sun cika da fata, sannan kuma gaba ɗaya ya shuɗe.
Eyesanan ƙananan idanu sun kasance har zuwa watanni biyu, amma ƙananan kifi basu bambanta abubuwa ba tare da taimakon gabobinsu na gani ba. A kusan kwanaki 18 - 20 na ci gaba, idanun masu nau'in makafi ke fara lalata kuma a hankali fata ta shaku da kai, kuma cikin watanni uku za su mutu gaba ɗaya.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa idan ka kiyaye Astianaxes a cikin haske koyaushe, to bayan ƙarni na 20-30, idanu suna bayyana ba kawai a cikin soya ba, har ma a cikin kifi na manya. Wasu lokuta a cikin akwatin ruwa akwai kuma “kifi mai gani da aka gani” tare da launi mai haske fiye da yanayin halitta. Kifi makafi yana nuna halin ɗabi'ar a cikin akwatin kifaye, don haka ba shi yiwuwa a tsammaci kifin makafi. Suna iyo sosai, suna guje wa abubuwa masu hana ruwa gudu, su sami abinci da mafaka. Kamawa da watsa kifayen makafi a cikin wani akwatin kifayen abu ne mai wahala.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Asitianax Cututtukan Mexico
Asitianaks Meksiko ɗan kifi ne mai daɗin ci, don haka ya kamata ku yi hattara da shaye-shaye. Cin abinci mai yawa yana haifar da matsalolin narkewa a cikin waɗannan halittun.
Babu bayanai game da wasu cututtukan wannan kifin na musamman.
Kiwo / kiwo
Sauki mai sauƙi, ana ƙirƙirar yanayi na musamman don taɓarɓare fargaba. Kifi zai ba da zuriya a kai a kai. A cikin lokacin mating, don kare ƙwai a ƙasan, zaku iya sanya madaidaiciyar raga ta layin kamun kifi (don kada ku lalata bayyanar). Tetra na Mexico suna da haihuwa sosai, mace mai girma na iya samar da ƙwai 1000, kodayake ba dukansu ne za su yi hadi ba. A ƙarshen yaduwa, yana da kyau a hankali canja wurin ƙwai zuwa cikin tanki daban tare da yanayin ruwa iri ɗaya. A soyayyen ya bayyana a cikin sa'o'i 24 na farko, bayan wani mako za su fara iyo da sauri don neman abinci.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a farkon matakan haɓaka, ƙananan yara suna da idanu waɗanda ke girma akan lokaci kuma ƙarshe gaba ɗaya sun shuɗe har zuwa lokacin balaga.
Cutar Kifi
Daidaitaccen yanayin halittar cikin ruwa tare da yanayin da ya dace shine mafi kyawun garanti a kan kowace cuta, sabili da haka, idan kifin ya canza halayyarsa, babu alamun halayen da sauran alamu, da farko za a duba sigogin ruwan, dawo da su al'ada idan ya cancanta, sannan kawai sai a ci gaba jiyya.
Kifi Makafi na Makafi - wanda ke ciki.
Sunan kimiyya: Astyanax jordani.
Wasu sunaye: Cave Blind Cetetra (Makafi Cave Tetras), Makafi na Talibin Makaho (Makaho Tetra na Mexico).
Matsayi na Kula Kifi Makafi: Mai Sauki.
Girman: kimanin 10cm (3.5-4 inci).
Makamai Kifi makauniyar rayuwa: shekaru 3 zuwa 5, mai yiwuwa ya ninka.
pH: daga 6.0 zuwa 7.5.
Zazzabi: 20-25 ° C (68-77 ° F).
Asalin Kifi / Habitat makafi: Amurka (Texas) da Mexico.
Halayya: cikin kwanciyar hankali, musamman idan aka kiyaye shi cikin rukuni (guda 5 ko sama da haka). Za su iya ciji maƙwabta a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Makanta makafi Fishe: sa qwai. Sun kai ga balaga yayin da suke kusan shekara guda. Kifi mai aiki (mace 1 da 2-3), wanda zai zama iyaye a nan gaba, an shuka su kusan mako guda kuma dukkansu suna ciyar da su sosai.
Farfesa Makaho Fishe shawarar a cikin nutsuwa (30-40l) cike da ruwa mai sanyi (20-27 0 C). An rufe kasan da tsakuwa ko kuma yashi. Hakanan, wajibi ne don shigar da ƙananan tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-ruwa a ciki. Dole ne a inuwantar da abin ƙwanƙwasawa - don rage haske da rufe gilashi da takarda.
2-3 days bayan dasawa zuwa spawning Kifi mai makafi fara ba da sha'awa. Mace ta tsinkaye kwai 4, wanda maza ke haɗuwa da tsuntsu sama. Caviar da ya faɗi ƙasa ya mutu. Don tsinkewa, mace tana juyawa daga ƙwai 200 zuwa 1000.
Lokacin da tsararren ya gama aiki, an cire masu siyarwa. Ruwa a ciki (1/3) an maye gurbinsa da ruwa mai tsarkak andwa kuma ya haɗa da aeration. Makafi Yana Iyaka Tura Lokaci - kwana 1-4. Bayan kimanin mako guda, larvae ya zama soya kuma ya fara iyo, yana neman abin da zai amfana daga gare shi. A wannan lokacin, ana dafa abinci mai yalwar abinci tare da jatan lande, ƙura a ciki, ciliates, da dai sauransu.
Girman akwatin kifaye: don kifi 5 - aƙalla 80l.
Makafi Kwarewar Kifi: yi aiki tare da kowane irin kifi wanda ba zai iya cinye su ba kuma yana da buƙatun abun ciki.
Abinci / Ciyarwa: kifi mai omnivorous yana ɗaukar flakes, leda, allunan, abinci mai rai da abinci mai sanyi.
Yankin: tsakiyar da kasan akwatin kifaye.
Makafi Makafi Kifi: Babu bambance-bambance na waje tsakanin maza da mata. A lokacin tsintsaye, mata suna samun wadatar abinci saboda ƙwai na haɓaka, wanda a bayyane yake idan yana duban kifi daga bisa.
Cost: kifayen ba su da yawa, amma har yanzu kuna iya siyan Blind Fish akan layi akan $ 1-3.