Geophagus ya shugabanci ruwan tapajos tapajos ja * Kifi

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Spotted Tail Lamprologus
S. Anikstein

Yawancin wakilan ichthyofauna na tafkin Afirka na Tanganyika suna da tsawon cm 10 ko fiye. Koyaya, ba manya manyan halittu ake samu ba a cikin ɗimbin wannan tafki mai ban mamaki. Ofaya daga cikin kyawawan "crumbs" sune 6-cm Lamprologus caudopunctatus. Sunan jinsinsu, wanda aka samo daga kalmomin Latin cauda (wutsiya) da kuma punctum (dot, tabo), kifin yana da halayyar halayyar haɓaka a kan fin caudal.

Tun da farko an 'danganta shi ga asalin Lamprologus na kabilar Lamprologini, wannan cichlid ya daɗe yana mallakar halittar Neolamprologus wanda ya fito daga ciki kuma an gabatar dashi cikin ƙayyadaddun launuka na Colomb (Colombe) da Allgayer (Allgayer) dangane da bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin kwanyar, musamman maɗaukakin sarki da aka karɓa, matsayin godiya ga sake fasalin Poll (Poll) a 1986. Duk da haka, binciken da aka biyo baya ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa nau'in sun koma matsayin asalinta. L.caudopunctatus suna zaune ne a yankin Kudancin Tanganyika a zurfin mil 1 zuwa 10 a cikin wurare masu canzawa daga wani dutse mai kare dutse zuwa wani yashi.

An kama wani misali na misali a yankin Kabeye, gabas da Kasaba Bay a Zambia. Akwai nau'ikan ƙasa 6, waɗanda suka fi kyan gani, a nawa ra'ayi, Karatra. Wannan karamin (5-6 cm) cichlid yayi kyau sosai. Jiki mai ruwan hoda an lullube shi da ɗigon lu'ulu'u mai haske, ruwan shuɗi mai launin rawaya-orange ƙawata jikin mai bi, kuma launuka masu launuka suna ba launi mai kyau, ƙauna ta musamman. Maza sun kai tsawon 6 cm, mace yawanci ƙarami ce - har zuwa 4 cm.

Nunawar jima'i a cikin waɗannan kifayen yana da rauni a bayyane, ban da tsawon jiki da kuma nau'in papilla na maza, wanda ya fi girma kuma ya fi zagaye cikin mata. Hakanan mutum na iya lura da ɗan haske kaɗan na ƙarshen ɗigar namiji. Koyaya, mai lura da kifin masaniyar zai iya tantance jima'in kifin ta hanyar halayyar su, musamman lokacin tsabtacewa ko lokacin gudanar da aikin sahun gaba. A cikin matakan motsi na fitila, tabo mai launin tabo yana da kusanci da Lamprologus leloupi, tare da bambance bambance launi kawai. Abubuwa uku na farko a tsaye na caudopunctuses suna rufe rabin jikin mutum, ragowar kamar kayan wasa ne, kamar na Lamprologus leloupi. Haka ne, kuma halittun halittun dabbobi iri daya iri daya ne.

Muhimmin bukatun waɗannan kifayen sun mayar da hankali ne a cikin duffan tsaunin bakin tekun, a hankali ke ƙaruwa zuwa zurfin m 20. bottomasan da ke nan an rufe shi da manyan tarin duwatsun, suna samar da ɗambin koguna daban-daban kuma cike da yashi "murna." Babu tsire-tsire masu girma sama, amma ana iya samun katako mai ƙarfi na katako har ma da zurfin zurfi. A gaba ɗaya, irin wannan yanayin yana samar da mafaka da tebur ga duka L. caudopunctatus da makwabta cichlids na sauran abubuwan halittu. Kuma idan kun sarrafa don sake sake kama da irin wannan a cikin tafki na gidan ku, dabbobin za su yi matukar farin ciki.

Na dade ina mafarkin ƙarami da ƙananan sanannun fitila a cikin Rasha, don haka na yi matukar farin cikin karɓar fara daga L.caudopunctatus daga Jamus. Partyungiyar ta ƙunshi ƙananan kifaye 7 na tsawon 2.5-3 cm wanda ya dace daidai da lita na 200 na ruwa tare da matasa na Callochromis melanostigma. Yayinda aka juya daga baya, adadi masu yawa na tsari na tukwane da tukwane na filastik ba dole bane - kifi ne kawai suka yi amfani da shi yayin fadan. Babban abincin abinci na tsararren masanin ilimin halittar wannan nau'in a cikin yanayi na dabi'a shine, a matsayin mai mulkin, yawancin ƙananan crustaceans, larvae kwari da ke zaune a cikin ƙananan farashi, da kuma zooplankton, wanda ke da yawa a cikin tafkin (alal misali, Mysis spp.). Kuma soya a cikin yanayi, babban abincin, tabbas, wakilan Сopepoda - Diaptomus spp. - kuma phytoplankton daban-daban. A cikin akwatin kifaye, L.caudopunctatus ya nuna sauƙi na abinci mai ban mamaki ta cin kowane irin abinci mai rai da bushe. Musamman ma, gungun wayoyina daga farkon lokacin da suka haɗiye Cyclops, Coretra, da kuma wasu flakes da granules daga manyan masana'antun ƙasashen yamma. Amma game da zaɓin dandano na caudopunctuses, su, a ganina, ana bai wa masu girma brine shrimp da coronet. Yanayin tsarewar ya kasance kamar haka: dGH 10-20 °, pH 7.5-8.5, kyakkyawan filtration da tsarin oxygen (maida hankali ne game da 10 mg / l), T = 24-27 ° C.

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, a cikin yanayi, mai cike da wutar lantarki mai haske kamar fitila ya fi son bangarorin sauyawa daga wani yanki mai dutse zuwa tsibirin yashi, tare da jan ragamar wuraren da ke da tarin ɓoyayyen Neothauma spp. Waɗannan "gidaje" na kifaye ana amfani da su azaman ƙarami, don dogaro, da jefa su cikin yashi. Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin akwatin kifaye, ɓarna na moar llan Dabaren Bahar Maliya, irin su rapans, da manyan ampoules ko katako na innabi, sun dace. Kifin da aka kwantar da shi kwalli ne wanda ba za a taɓa mantawa da shi ba! Kuma don cimma iyakar girman sautunan sautuna, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar kewaye da ta dace a cikin tafkunan gidanka. A ra'ayina, waɗannan abubuwan hasken wutar lantarki suna kama da fa'ida a cikin yaduwa, ba mai tsananin haske ba ga wani yanki mai duhu. Abinda kawai mai haske kuke so shine na farko.Domin lokacin da na kunna wuta, nayi amfani da fitilun Hagen Life Glo da Aqua Glo. Suna mai da launi na kifi su zama mafi kyawu, suna jaddada launi na ƙusoshin launin shuɗi-orange da idanun turquoise. Amma kyakkyawa na caudopunctuses yana da cikakkiyar kulawa ta hanyar bayanan haske tare da zazzabi mai launi na 6500-10000K. Gabaɗaya, akwatin kifaye na waɗannan cichlids ya kamata a sanye su da isasshen adadin mafaka da bawo da aka yi da duwatsun girman ƙwallon tanis. Yana da kyawawa duk wannan sa a kan kyakkyawan kogin yashi, wanda (musamman a ƙarƙashin manyan duwatsu) kifayen suna so su yi ta tono.

Flora na iya zama ban sha'awa kawai ga mutanen yankin, kuma har ma ba a cikin sharuddan gastronomic ba, amma azaman mafaka. Guda biyu daga cikin waɗannan “tearsll” fitila suna isa ga jirgin ruwa mai iya aiki da lita 50. Ana iya kiyaye su tare da sauran wakilan kwayoyin, amma a gaban wadataccen girma da adadin ɗakunan ajiya. Baya ga dangi mafi kusa, a cikin dacewar akwatin kifayen L.caudopunctatus masu haɗin kai daidai tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan Cyprichromis, Paracyprichromis da sauran pelagic Tanganyika cichlids, waɗanda suka fi son tsakiyar yadudduka na ruwa, don haka ba gasa tare da caudopunctuses, waɗanda aka sa galibi kusa da ƙasa. Yana da mahimmanci kawai a tuna cewa yayin kiyaye nau'ikan nau'ikan cichlids na Lake Tanganyika, yana da mahimmanci cewa isasshen yankin yana da mahimmanci. Marassa karfi-masana burbushin halitta suna halin mai rauni na intraspecific, don haka za'a iya kiyaye su cikin nau'i-nau'i (a yanayi suna ba da fifiko ga irin wannan rayuwar), da garken.

Sake buguwa, kamar yadda sauran wakilai na halittar dan adam suke, yakan faru ne a mafaka. Wannan nau'in dabi'a ce da ake kira "kogo", don kifayen da ake amfani da su suna amfani da dutsen da ɓarayin "marayu" na mollusks. Mace na kare qwai da kananan yara. Namiji ya kare yankin, kuma zaluncin sa bai wuce ga samari wadanda aka basu izinin yankin ba. Gabaɗaya, ban taɓa ganin wani ya fara cin abinci toya ba, ko, ka ce, ƙaramar yara kan onan uwa. Wannan halayyar halayyar mutane ne da yawa na "dutse" na tafkin Tanganyika - wannan yana haifar da yuwuwar yin jituwa tare da tsararraki masu yawa. A cikin wallafe-wallafen Yammacin Turai, Na karanta cewa don haifuwa, dabbobin gidana suna buƙatar mafaka daban-daban, fasa tsakanin slabs dutse, tukwane na fure, da sauransu. Amma tsintar kaina ya biyo bayan sanya na harsashi a cikin tanki. L. caudopunctatus suna da matukar taka tsantsan kuma suna cinye mafi yawan lokacinsu a kusancin kusan ƙwararrun abubuwa da abin fashewa. Don haka, ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne a gano ko ɓarkewar ya faru ko a'a. Wani ɗan ƙwararren mashin cikin ruwa zaiyi mamakin ganin ƙaramin abu a ƙofar mafaka. Misali, na koya cewa yanayin yaduwa ya faru ta hanyar dabi'ar masana wutar lantarki: ma'aurata suna korar duk makwabta wadanda suka bayyana a kusa da harsashi, komai girman su. Hatta malamin gona Callochromis melanostigma yana da kullun ana yawan kaiwa hari, kuma wannan, dole ne in faɗi, "kifi ne mai hali." Kamawar farko ya zama ƙaramin adadi - ƙwai 10 ne kawai, kuma a sakamakon - 9 soya. A 26 ° C, ƙyanƙyalen lardin yana faruwa bayan kimanin kwanaki 3, kuma toya fara fara iyo ci abinci sosai bayan kwanaki 4-6. Daga ranar farko, matashin Lamprologus caudopunctatus yayi ƙoƙarin kama artemia nauplii, amma tabbas abincin ya yi mata yawa. Dole na yi hanzari saya "bearberry". Na kwana uku da soya ciyar a kan nematodes, bayan da na sake ba su larvae na brackish ruwa crustacean. Wannan lokacin da abincin ya juya ya zama taimako.

Kifi yana girma a hankali. Ko da tare da ciyar da 5-6-nin ciyarwa da sauye-sauye yau da kullun har zuwa 50% na yawan ruwa (a sakamakon haka, ɗaukar manyan abubuwan hana girma na yara - nitrates - bai wuce 5-10 mg / l ba). Bayan wata daya, matasa sun kai 1 cm tsayi. Kamar iyaye, suna jagorantar salon rayuwa, amma a kusancin zuwa ƙasa ko mafaka. Da farko dai '' kuzarar '' ba ta da nisa daga filin filayen, amma idan suka kai 2-3 cm iyayen sun kwashe su, wanda a wannan lokacin suna cike da tsare da kwanciya ta gaba. Matasa suna kallon rashin daidaituwa, sau da yawa yana nuna damuwa - fenti "tabo". Af, a cikin manya, yana bayyana kanta kawai idan akwai tsoro ko wasu yanayi na gaggawa. Soya na caudopunctuses masu dattaku ne. Kowane motsi mai motsi kusa da akwatin kifaye yana haifar da amsawa don haka halayyar fitila a cikinsu: saurin hanzari - kuma babu kifi (yana wani wuri a cikin kwasfa). Wannan tabbas yana taimakawa a cikin yanayin tserewa daga masu hasara. Bayan lokaci, matasa L. caudopunctatus sun yawaita kamar iyaye kuma har zuwa watanni 2 da haihuwa sun riga sun sami cikakkiyar launi. Abin ban dariya ne idan muka ga wani santimita 2 mai santimita wanda yake kama da kifi mai girma: bakinsa a buɗe kuma faffadansa a buɗe, don ya zama kamar “mai ban tsoro”.

Rayuwa cikin yanayi

A karon farko, masu binciken ruwa a Jamhuriyar Jamus sun yi nasarar kama jan bakin da ke cikin yanayi (Christop Seidel da Rainer Harnoss), a cikin Kogin Tapajos, a gabashin Brazil.

Nau'in launi na biyu, ɗan ƙaramin launi daban-daban, daga baya an gabatar da shi azaman G. sp. 'Orange shugaban Aragumaya', wanda ke zaune a babban aikin kogin Tokantins.

Kogin Shingu yana gudana tsakanin Tapajos da Tocantins, wanda ya haifar da zaton cewa akwai wata hanyar samun riba.

Koyaya, a wannan lokacin an san shi da tabbas cewa jan gaba yana da matuƙar wahala, kuma yana zaune a ƙasan kogin Tapajos da harajinsa, Arapiuns da Tokantins.

Kogin Arapiuns hanya ce ta yau da kullun a cikin Amazonia, tare da ruwan baƙar fata, ƙarancin ma'adinai da ƙarancin pH, da babban abun ciki na tannins da tannins, waɗanda ke ba ruwan ruwan launi.

A babban hanyar, Tapajos ya ƙunshi abin da ake kira farin ruwa, tare da tsaka tsaki pH, mara ƙarfi, amma babban abun ciki na yumɓu da karkatarwa, yana cin amanar farin launi.

A cikin halayen guda biyu, wurin da aka fi so daga cikin geophagus mai launin ja shine yankin tsibirin, tare da silty mai laushi ko ƙasan yashi. Ya danganta da mazauninsu, wanda kuma aka samo a cikin snag, tsakanin duwatsun da wurare cikin yalwar ciyayi masu ƙwaya a ƙasa.

A rikicewar kogunan Tapajos da Arapiuns, an lura da tsauraran matakai cikin ruwa bayyanannu (iya gani har zuwa mita 20), tare da madaidaiciyar hanya da ƙasa wanda akan shimfiɗa duwatsun dutse, tare da dogayen yashi a cikin yashi.

Akwai ƙarancin tsirrai da snags, yanayin tsaka tsaki na ruwa, da kifin da suka manyanta suna iyo, nau'i-nau'i, kuma matasa da masu ba da izini suna tara a makarantun da suka haura mutum 20.

Bayanin

Geophaguses na kai mai ja ya kai girman 20-25 cm Babban bambanci, wanda suka karɓi suna, shi ne jan tabo a kai.

Dorsal da caudal fins tare da ja tint da ratsi turquoise.

M tsaye tsaye ratsi tafi tare da jiki, a baki tabo a tsakiyar jiki.

Idan akai la'akari da cewa kifayen suna zaune a cikin garken, kuma maimakon haka babba, to don kiyaye kana buƙatar akwatin kifin na 400 lita.

Mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren kayan adon shine ƙasa. Yakamata ya kasance mai kyau, yashi kogin, wanda jigon geophaguses mai ja ya ke tono kullun sai ya ɓoye, yana jefa shi ta hanyar ruwan.

Idan ƙasa ta fi girma, to, za su ci shi a bakin, kuma su tofar da shi kawai, har ma, idan ƙaramin isa ne. An yi watsi da tsakuwa, ana jita-jita tsakanin sa.

Sauran kyawawan kayan adonku sun kasance a wajan hankalin ku, amma biotope zai zama na hali kuma abin birgewa ne. Driftwood, echinodorus, manyan duwatsu masu zagaye.

Haske mai walƙiya, mai iyo a saman shuka da kuma maƙwabta waɗanda aka zaɓa da kyau - kallon zai zama cikakke.

Hanyar irin waɗannan wuraren shine kasancewar ɗumbin ganyayyaki da yawa da suka faɗi a ƙasan, amma dangane da ja, da kowane sauran geophaguses, wannan ya cika tare da gaskiyar cewa ragowar ganyayyakin za su iyo a ko'ina cikin akwatin kifaye kuma su clogge da tufatar da shambura.

Su ne sosai wuya a kan ma'auni a cikin akwatin kifaye da hawa da sauka a cikin sigogi na ruwa, shi ne mafi alh tori a gudanar da su a cikin wani riga daidaita akwatin kifaye.

A kashin kaina, na lura cewa na ƙaddamar da shi a cikin wani sabo, kifin ya rayu, amma ya kamu da rashin lafiya tare da decoy, wanda ke da wuya kuma an daɗe ana bi da shi.

Matatar waje mai isasshen ƙarfi da canje-canje na ruwa na yau da kullun suna da mahimmanci, kuma yin matattara na inji yana da mahimmanci ga mai fita, in ba haka ba kuma shuwagabannin jan za suyi saurin huɗuwa.

zazzabi 26 - 30 ° C
pH: 4.5 - 7.5
taurin 18 - 179 ppm

Ciyar da abinci

Bentophages yana ciyar da ciyawar kasar waje kuma tana murɗa kwayoyi, da kuma cin kwari kwari ta wannan hanyar.

Abubuwan da mutane suka kama a cikin yanayi sun ƙunshi nau'ikan kwari da tsire-tsire - tsaba, detritus.

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, don geophaguses da substrate yana da mahimmanci. Sun haƙa a ciki suna neman abinci.

Da farko, sun jira ni a ƙasa, tunda a baya suna zaune a cikin wani akwatin kifaye daban da mai kifin mai saurin kifi. Amma, da sauri sun fahimci cewa ya zama dole kada a yi tsalle tare da ƙira kuma ya fara tashi a cikin ruwa na sama da na tsakiya a lokacin ciyar.

Amma, lokacin da abincin ya faɗi ƙasa, Na fi son ciyar da shi daga ƙasa. Wannan ya fito fili musamman idan aka baiwa kananan granules. A garken za a rarrabe a inda suka fadi.

Suna cin abinci na yau da kullun, sanyi da abinci na wucin gadi (muddin sun nutsar da su). Suna cin komai daga gare ni; Ba sa fama da rashin abinci.

Yana da matuƙar kyawawa don ciyar da hanyoyi da yawa, yayin da suke girma, canja wurin shuka abinci. Geophaguses suna wahala sosai daga hexamitosis kuma tapajos ba banda. Kuma tare da ciyarwa iri-iri kuma lokacin ciyar da kayan lambu, ana rage damar fuskantar rashin lafiya.

Yarbuwa

Shy, a cikin akwatin kifaye don tsaya tare, lokaci-lokaci maza sun shirya zanga-zangar ƙarfi, duk da haka ba tare da raunin da ya faru ba. Abin mamaki shine, juye-juyen da suke tare ko da neons, kar ku taɓa kifin, idan ya kasance aƙalla kaɗan a santimita.

Jerin kifayen masu jituwa za su kasance marasa iyaka, amma an fi kiyaye su tare da kifayen da ke zaune a cikin Amazon - scalar, corridors, kananan cichlids.

Suna zama m lokacin spawning, kare su gida.

Kiwo

Ja-kai geophaguses masu tsalle a ƙasa, mace tana ƙin ƙwai a bakinta. Ba'a lura da yanayi na musamman don farkon farawar ba; abinci mai kyau da tsabtataccen ruwa, wanda dole ne a canza shi mako-mako, yana taka rawa.

Tunda yana da matukar wuya a rarrabe mace daga namiji tun yana saurayi, sun sayi garken, musamman idan aka yi la’akari da gaskiyar cewa kifayen sun manne tare kuma suna kafa nasu matsayi.

Tsammani yana kunshe da zagaye da mace, yaduwar gills da ƙone da sauran lokutan hali. Don spawning, za su iya zaɓar duka snag ko dutse, da kuma kasan akwatin kifaye.

An share wurin da aka zaɓa kuma an kare shi daga haɗakarwa. Haɗin ciki ya ƙunshi gaskiyar cewa mace tana buɗe layuka na qwai, kuma namiji yana hadiye ta, ana maimaita tsarin sau da yawa a cikin sa'o'i da yawa.

Bayan mace tayi, mace zata kasance kusa da qwai, yana kare ta, kuma namiji yana kiyaye yankin da yake nesa.

Bayan sa'o'i 72, soya za ta ƙwanƙwasa, nan da nan matar ta shigar da shi cikin bakin ta.Bayan namiji yayi iyo, kulawar zuriya za'a rabu biyu, amma duk ya dogara da namiji, wasu sun shiga tun farko, wasu kuma daga baya.

Wasu mata sukan koresu namiji kuma su kula da soya shi kaɗai.

A wasu halaye, iyaye sun raba soya da musayar su akai-akai; irin waɗannan musayar suna faruwa ne a wurare masu aminci.

Fry fara yin iyo bayan kwanaki 8-11 kuma iyaye sun sake su don su ciyar, a hankali suna kara lokaci.

Idan haɗari ya taso, suna ba da siginar zuwa ƙusa kuma toya nan take a cikin bakin. Sun kuma ɓoye soya a cikin bakinsu na daren.

Amma, yayin da suke girma, nisan da mushen ke yayen ke karuwa, sannu-sannu suna barin iyayensu.

Abu ne mai sauki mu ciyar da soya, suna cin abinci mai hatsi, artemia nauplii, microworms da sauransu.

Idan spawning ya faru a cikin babban akwatin kifaye, ana bada shawara don cire mace a cikin wani akwatin kifaye daban, kamar yadda soya zai zama mai sauƙin sauƙi ga wasu 'yan giyar.

Tsarin ruwa

Geofagus ba shi da ma'ana ga yanayin ruwa, sauƙaƙe yana dacewa da kowane sigogin ruwa. An bada shawara don shigar:

zazzabi 26 - 28 ° C,
acidity 5.5 - 7.5 p,
tauri 20 - 180 ppm.

Yana da kyau a ƙirƙiri tasirin gudummawa a cikin akwatin kifaye, don haka kifayen za su ji daɗin rayuwa. Don matsananciyar ruwa tare da iska da tsarkakewa, ana buƙatar matatar mai ƙarfi da tsarin aeration.

Shuke-shuke

Akwai matsaloli tare da ciyayi. Ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa tapajos tono ƙasa, kuma zai iya uproot shuke-shuke. Don hana wannan, ana bada shawara don sanya tsire-tsire mai daɗaɗa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Hakanan zaka iya siyan jinsunan da zasu iya girma akan snags (alal misali, gansandan Javanese). Ganyen kifayen ba sa ɗanɗani.

Mafi kyawun zaɓi don ƙasa shine yashi kogin. Kada a saka pebbles, kifayen, suna ƙoƙarin yin jita-jita ta hanyar, zasu iya cutar da bakinsu.

Banbancin jinsi

Maza sun fi girma fiye da mace, damansu ja sun fi zama cikakke, filastik ɗin fitsari da fin doriya sun fi yawa a hankali.

Banbance-banbance na jima'i ya fara bayyana lokacin da soya ta kai cm 5 Yadda za a tantance jima'i a cikin soya: goshin ya yi fari a cikin maza, raɗaɗin ya bayyana a kan ƙashin bayan bakin ciki da ventral.

Cutar da Rigakafin

Cutar rigakafi na geophaguses yana da ƙarfi. Yawancin wakilan jinsunan suna rayuwa ne kan ciyarwa da yanayi. Rayuwar rayuwa shekaru ne da yawa.

Tapajos ba shi da lafiya kawai idan yanayin tsarewar bai dace da waɗanda aka karɓa ba. Cututtukan halayyar cichlids suna faruwa. Mara lafiya mutum yakan rabu da masu lafiya.

Mafi sau da yawa, dalilin raguwar rigakafi da mutuwar dabbobi shine ƙarancin ruwa, babban abun ciki na nitrates da ammoniya. Don rigakafin, wajibi ne don kula da tsabtacewa da kuma dacewa, kar a manta da canjin ruwa lokaci-lokaci.

Yayinda yake kula da ingancin ruwa, geophaguses na rayuwa tsawon rai, yana gamsar da kyawun su da bayyanar ta asali.

Janar bayani

Geophagus (Geophaginae) - wani rukuni na ƙoshin kifi daga dangin Tsikhlov. Ya ƙunshi daukacin nau'ikan samarda kusancin da suke zama a Kudancin Amurka kuma suna da bambancin girman jiki, launi, da halayyar su.

Sunan rukunin ya fito ne daga kalmomin Girka biyu "geos" - ƙasa da "phagus" - don ci. Saboda haka, geophagus shine "mai ci." Sunan Latin yana nuna wata al'ada ce ta dukkan 'yan uwa don haɗiye yashi daga ƙarƙashin koguna. Abinda ya kasance shine yawancin adadin abubuwan ɓarkewar ciki - larvae kwari, tsutsotsi, da mollusks - suna rayuwa a kan yashi da siliki. Geophaguses yana kama su tare da ɗan abin da ke ciki kuma yana goge duk abubuwan mafi kyau da ke cikin bakin, kuma yashi yana fita ta hancin.

Geophaguses yana da matukar farin ciki ta hanyar masoya cichlid, kodayake wasu nau'in suna buƙatar aquariums tare da girman 400-500 lita. Suna kuma da ilhami irin na iyayen.

Bayyanar

Geophaguses suna da iko, jiki wanda aka matsa daga baya. Babban fasalin halayyar mutum ne mai conical tare da manyan idanu. Yawancin lokaci yakan samar da babban kitse mai. An yiwa bakin magana ƙasa, tare da leɓattun bakano, wanda aka daidaita don cin abinci daga ƙasa. Fayayyyan ƙayyadaddun haɓaka, ƙwayar tayi daga kan kai kuma ta faɗaɗa kusa da wutsiya. Ganyen caudal yana da dunƙule guda-ɗaya, za a iya tsawan zafin haskakawarsa. Fasusuwan da ke cikin guda ɗaya suna ƙare tare da ƙari guda ɗaya na ciki.

Matsakaicin girman geophagus shine 10-12 cm, amma akwai kuma manyan nau'ikan da suka girma zuwa 30 cm.

Geophagus Altifrons. Bayyanar

Launin jikin geophagus ya bambanta. Akwai nau'ikan launuka masu launin shuɗi-kore, zaitun, ruwan bluish da sauran launuka na sikeli. Daga cikin sifofin da aka saba dasu, mutum na iya bambance kwalliyar kwalliya ta misalai da yawa da suka watsu cikin jiki da ƙone, har ma suna yin layuka. Kwayoyi a cikin jinsuna da yawa suna da karamin tabo. Dimorphism na jima'i yana da rauni.

Tsammani na rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifin yana zuwa shekaru 15.

Habitat

Geophaguses mazaunan yankuna ne da keɓaɓɓun wurare da Kudancin Amurka. Ana samun su a cikin babban adadin manyan koguna - Amazon da Orinoco. Geophaguses suna rayuwa iri-iri na halittu: ana iya samo su cikin koguna tare da saurin gudana, kuma a cikin rafuffukan da ke gudana cikin sauri tare da ruwan "baƙi", mai wadataccen abubuwa na humic daga ganyayyaki da rassa. Har ila yau, tsarin zafin jiki bai taka muhimmiyar rawa ga kifi ba. Wasu nau'in za su iya jure rashin saurin dare cikin zafin jiki na ruwa zuwa + 10 ° C.

Geophagus Santattara

Yana zaune da ƙasar Colombiaasar Kolombiya ta zamani. Hanyar halittar gargajiya itace ta dawo da kwanciyar hankali tare da yashi mai yashi.

Launin jiki ya bambanta da launin rawaya zuwa ja dangane da yankin mazauninsu. Kifin ya yi girma zuwa cm 11-15. Ga mazan da suka balaga, mai mai girma a kai yana halayyar mutum.

Steindahner Geophagus

Red kai da kai Geophagus (Geophagus sp. Tapajos)

Wannan nau'in ba shi da cikakkiyar rubutun kimiyya, saboda haka ya fi kyau sananne a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci geophagus ja-Ta Tazzhos. Kifi zaune a Brazil, samfurori na farko da aka kama a cikin Kogin Tapajos, daga inda asalin sunan ya samo asali. Fi son ruwa mai zafi "baƙi" da madaidaicin matsakaici.

Zasu iya girma har zuwa 20-25 cm. Alamar sananniya ita ce wuri mai haske mai haske a saman kai. Fins suna da shuɗi tare da ratsi madaidaitan madaidaiciya. A tarnaƙi zaka iya ganin raunanan duhu da yawa, kuma sau da yawa, wuri mai duhu a bayan abubuwan. Nagari karin akwatin kifaye - daga lita 300. Shy cichlids da aka gudanar a cikin garken.

Red-kai geophagus

Kawasaki altifrons (

Gasar wurin ta hada da Kogin Rio Negro. Kifi sun fi son sassan gabar kogin da ke da tsaftataccen ruwa.

Matsakaicin girman altifrons geophagus shine cm 22. launi yana dogara da yankin asali kuma yana iya bambanta daga shuɗi zuwa ja-orange. Ba a bayyana dimorphism na jima'i ba. Adadin da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatarwa aƙalla lita 500. Lokacin da aka haɗo cikin babban akwatin kifaye, matakin zalunci yana raguwa. A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, mutane masu ƙarfi suna kai hari ga waɗanda suke da rauni.

Geophagus Altifrons

Nanananana Subinamese (Jayambarnen Surinamensis)

A cikin yanayin, ana iya samun wannan nau'in geophagus a cikin kwarin kogin da ke gudana a cikin yankin Suriname da Guiana na Faransa. Suna zaune kusa da ƙasan, kamar jinkirin da yake gudu da kayan silted.

Babban kifi wanda zai iya girma zuwa 30 cm a tsawon. Launin jiki daga koren zaitun zuwa launin lu'u-lu'u tare da launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Dimorphism na jima'i yana da rauni. Don tabbatarwa, kuna buƙatar akwatin katangar akalla 500. A irin wannan akwati, zaku iya sanya kifaye 5-8. An rarrabe su ta yanayi mai natsuwa, m kawai a lokacin tsiya.

Geofagus Surinamese

'Yar kasar Brazil (Geophagus brasiliensis)

Daya daga cikin kyawawan geophaguses da aka samo a kudancin Brazil da Uruguay. Kifi yana zaune a yankun gabar teku da ƙananan kogunan.

Hakanan ana kiran shi geophagus na Brazil da cichlid lu'u-lu'u don ɗimbin yawa na tabo a jikin mutum. Girman maza zasu iya kaiwa 25 cm, mace yawanci ƙanƙanta - ba fiye da cm 15 ba. Maza suna da haske sosai, manya suna haɓaka haɓakar halayyar kansa a kai.

Don kiyaye kamar wata kifi kuna buƙatar akwatin kifaye na lita 300. Ba kamar yawancin geophaguses ba, ba a bukatar yin iyo. Za a iya zaunar da kifin shi kaɗai ko a cikin ma'aurata, idan ɗaya ya sami. Halin yana da wuyar fahimta, musamman a lokacin damuna. Don kiyayewa tare da wasu nau'in, kuna buƙatar akwatin kifaye aƙalla lita 500 tare da mafaka mai yawa.

Geophagus na Brazil

Zizanna balzanii (Gymnogeophagus balzanii)

Ana samun Geofagus balsani a cikin kogunan Kudancin Amurka na Parana, Paraguay, Guapor. Ya fi son kwantar da hankula a baya.

Ba za a iya kiran launi launin kifi mai haske ba. Jikin yana da launin shuɗi-dige masu warwatse ko'ina. A tarnaƙi na jiki akwai 5-8 duhu ratsewar ratsi. Matsakaicin girman kifin a cikin akwatin kifaye shine 20 cm.

Calmlid clon, yana dacewa sosai tare da nau'in kifayen kifi. Balsani geophaguses yana haifar da rayuwar talauci, amma, ba kamar 'yan uwansu na kusa ba, da wuya su shiga cikin ƙasa.

Don tabbatarwa, kuna buƙatar akwatin akwatin na lita 300. Maza basa yarda da juna, don haka yakamata a sami ƙarin mace. Kuma, hakika, ya zama dole don tsara adadin adadin mafaka.

Geophagus Balzani

Farfesa Weinmiller

Wannan ichan cichlid ɗan asalin kogin Orinoco yana da wuya a cikin jerin wuraren samar da amateur. Yafi son zama a cikin koguna tare da ingantaccen ruwa mai tsafta tare da bankunan m.

Babban kallo wanda zai iya kaiwa har zuwa 20 cm a tsayi. Babban launi jikin shine launin ruwan shuɗi-orange tare da layuka masu ratsin shuɗi. A kowane gefen akwai babban ɗakin ɗakin launin oval baki ɗaya. Dimorphism na jima'i yana da rauni.

Zai fi kyau a ajiye shi cikin ƙananan kungiyoyi (har mutum 5) a cikin akwatin kifaye daga lita 500. Tana da kwanciyar hankali.

Weinmiller Geophagus

Kulawa da Kulawa

Zai fi kyau idan geophagus ya zauna a cikin akwatin kifaye a cikin garken mutane 5 zuwa 15. A irin waɗannan yanayi, za su ji daɗin kwanciyar hankali. Kifi zai kasance mafi ƙarfin gwiwa da aiki. Tare, kan hanya, mutum zai iya lura da ginin dangantakar aiki tsakanin mutane, kuma akwai yuwuwar samun nasarar kiwo cikin nasara. Ganin matsakaicin girman geophaguses, ƙaramin girman akwatin akwatin ya kamata ya zama akalla lita 300, mafi dacewa daga 500.

Yawancin nau'ikan geophaguses suna buƙatar iyo

Matsayi mai mahimmanci na gaba shine zaɓi na ƙasa. Sha'awar yin bincike a ciki ya kasance cikin kifi a matakin ilhami, duk da cewa cichlids baya buƙatar samun abinci da kansa. Sabili da haka, yashi mai kyau na ma'adini zai zama mafi kyawun zaɓi, wanda zai ba da izinin geophaguses don sakin shi ta hanyar ruwan.

Mafi kyawun zaɓi don shimfidar wuri zai zama daskararren itace da duwatsu, wanda zai sa mafaka masu kyau. Snags suna da amfani saboda sun saki tannins a cikin ruwa. Digging ta ƙasa na geophagus, Abin takaici, ya sanya wasu ƙuntatawa akan amfanin tsirrai masu rai a cikin ƙirar. Kifi zai iya tono Tushen daji, wanda zai sa shuka tayi iyo. Mafi yawancin lokuta a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da waɗannan cichlids suna amfani da anubias, cryptocorynes, echinodorus. Nau'in halittun biyu na ƙarshe ana iya shuka su cikin tukwane don guje wa lalacewar tsarin tushe.

Geophagus yana buƙatar ƙasa mai yashi

Haske kada ta kasance mai haske, geophaguses sun fi son hasken walƙiya. Yana da mahimmanci shirya filtration dace a cikin akwatin kifaye. Wannan, sake, yana da alaƙa da al'adar kamun kifi a cikin yashi. A yayin irin waɗannan hanyoyin, babban adadin dakatarwa ya hau cikin ruwa, wanda zai haifar da gurɓataccen gurbata idan ba'a tace shi cikin lokaci ba. A saboda wannan dalili, ya zama dole a kai a kai a tsaftace kasan akwatin kifaye daga sharan gona. Ya kamata a cika ruwa tare da oxygen, saboda geophaguses kifi ne mai aiki. Gaskiya ne game da jinsunan da ke rayuwa a cikin koguna tare da saurin yanayi. Mai tsara zafin jiki shima ya zama dole yayin da ake kula da geophaguses na thermophilic.

Tabbatattun sigogin ruwa don abun ciki sune: T = 24-27 ° C, pH = 6.5-7.5, GH = 6-18.

Ana buƙatar canje-canje na mako-mako don kula da ingancin ruwa. Ga waɗanda suka fi son tafkunan da baƙar fata na ruwa na ruwa, ƙari na yau da kullun na kwandishaɗi tare da cire ɗigon peat na ɗabi'a - Tetra ToruMin - yana da amfani.

Kiwo da kiwo

Geophaguses suna da kyau a gida. Wannan yakan faru daidai a babban akwatin kifaye. Hanya mafi sauki ita ce samar da nau'i biyu tare da gudanawar geophaguses. Yunkurin haifar da “kawance” na wucin gadi koda yaushe yana karewa ne saboda yanayin kifin.

Balagagge yakan faru ne a geophaguses yana da kimanin shekara guda. Da farkon farawa, maza za su sami launi mai kyau da shirya raye-rayen raye-raye, rakodin kwayoyi da shirya ƙyallen. A lokacin tserewa, kifin yakan nuna yanayin tashin hankali. Sakamakon motsa jiki shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki da hauhawar canje-canje ruwa.

Thean wasan da suka kafa sun sami wuri mai dacewa don kansa, inda macen ta sanya ƙwai 200. Geophagus yana da ilhami irin na iyaye: bayan hadi, daya daga cikin iyayen yakan tattara qwai a cikin bakin, daga inda ake yin buhun ciki, zai dawwama a cikin kwanaki 10-14. A soya ya zauna a bakin iyayen har sai sun yi amfani da jakar kwai, bayan haka sai su fara iyo. Koyaya, bayan mako biyu, jariran sun ɓoye a bakin manya a farkon alamar haɗari.

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