Daga cikin dabbobi da ba a saba gani ba a doron duniya akwai wata dabba, wacce sunan ta ya ce da yawa tauraron tauraron dan adam, ko sunan tsakiya tauraron hancinsa ne.
Hanci a siffar tauraruwar masu nuna maki da yawa, wanda aka saba da shi don tono rami mai zurfin ƙasa kuma yana aiki daidai azaman ma'anar taɓawa, alama ce ta Sabuwar Duniyar da ke zaune a cikin ɗigon kwaya.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Halin dabbobi yana kama da dangi: mai ƙarfi, sikelin a cikin sifa, tare da kanon elongated a kan ɗan gajeren wuya. Idanun suna kanana, da kyar ake iya gani. Hangen nesa yana da rauni. Babu isasshen kayan abinci.
Yatsun hannayen kafafan dogo ne dogo, mai shimfiɗa, tare da manyan yatsu biyu. An nuna yatsun kafa zuwa waje don dacewa da aikin duniya. Hannun yatsun yatsun yatsa biyar sun yi kama da na gaba, amma ba kamar an daidaita don digging kamar gaban ba.
Girma taurari karami, 10 - 10 cm. Wutsiyar ta kara da wata cm 8 a tsayi. Ya fi tsayi fiye da na wasu moles, an rufe da ulu mai wuya kuma yana adana mai a cikin hunturu. Sabili da haka, ga sanyi, girmanta yana ƙaruwa sau 3-4. Jimlar nauyin dabbobi shine 50-80 g.
Mayafin yana da duhu, launin ruwan kasa, kusan baki a launi. Danshi da siliki, mai tauri kuma ba rigar kowane yanayi ba. Wannan yana sanya tauraron dan adam daban da sauran moles.
Amma babban bambanci da fasalin ya ta'allaka ne da yanayin da baƙon abu a cikin siffar taurari. A kusa da kafafen hancin kafa na akwai wuraren ci gaban fata 11 a kowane bangare. Dukkanin haskoki suna motsawa da sauri kamar yadda ba su dace ba, suna taɓawa da kuma duba yiwuwar wadatattun ƙananan abubuwa akan hanya.
Irin wannan hanci mai ban mamaki yana aiki kamar electroreceptor, wanda ke karɓar sha'awa daga motsi na ganima tare da mafi saurin gudu. A kan farfajiyar hanci, har zuwa mm 4 a girma, akwai jijiyoyin jijiyoyi, jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke taimaka wajan gano ganima.
A tsaga ta biyu, dabbar za ta tantance abin da za a ci. Ana lura da hanci na musamman na dabba mafi girman suturar jikin dabbobi. Ba za a iya rikitar da tawadar tauraro tare da kowa ba. Yankunan gabashin Arewacin Amurka, kudu maso gabashin Kanada - mazauninsu.
Stargazer mai kyau ne mai iyo
A kudu na nahiyar akwai wakilan kifin kifayen, kadan ne a girma. Moles suna son yanayin muzantawa na marshlands, bogs, peatlands, makiyaya mai yawa da gandun daji. Idan an cire shi a cikin yanayin bushe, to, ba za a wuce 300-400 m daga tafki ba. Ana samo shi a wurare masu tsayi har zuwa 1500 m sama da matakin teku.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Babu wani bambanci da dangin moles, kifin katako ƙirƙiri labyrinths na sassan ƙasa. Motsa jiki a cikin hanyar earthen mounds a kan wani lebur surface ba da mazauninsu.
Wasu daga cikin tashoshin ruwa dole suna haifar da tafki, wasu suna da alaƙa zuwa ɗakunan shakatawa mai dacewa. Dry shuke-shuke, ganye da twigs tara a wurin. Manyan hanyoyin, kusa da saman duniya, don farauta ne, ɓoye abubuwa masu zurfi na mahalli daga maƙiya da kuma renon yara.
Jimlar rafin ya kai mita 250-300. Saurin motsin dabba ta hanyar tunkiya ya fi saurin bera. Mai aiki tauraron tauraro sosai abokantaka da ruwa ruwa. Kyawawan ruwa masu iyo da yawa, harma suna farauta a gindin kandami.
A cikin hunturu, ya kwashe lokaci mai yawa a ƙarƙashin murfin kankara a cikin ruwa. Ba su fada cikin rashin isasshen yanayi ba, saboda haka sukan farautar mazaunan cikin ruwa dare da rana kuma suna samun kwari a lokacin sanyi.
A saman duniya, taurarin tauraro sun fi aiki da motsi. Su ma suna da nasu hanyar da kuma hanyoyin da suke daure a ciki da kuma lokacin faduwa wanda kananan halittu masu rai ke motsawa. Yawan cin dabbobi yana sa su haƙa sabbin abubuwan motsa jiki idan babu abincin da ya saura a cikin raƙuman ruwa na baya.
Kwayoyin tana yin tafiye tafiye sau 4 sau 4 a rana, wanda take hutawa da kuma ganimar abinsa. An lura da bangaren zamantakewar rayuwa. kwayoyin wajen kirkirar kananan masarautu.
Kimanin mutane 25-40 suka faɗi a kan hectare 1 na yankin. Areungiyoyi ba su da m, galibi sukan fashe. Sadarwa ne na mutane daban-daban a waje da lokacin canjin lamari ne abin lura.
Wadanda ke fama da balaguro a koyaushe suna neman abinci, amma su ma abubuwan yau da kullun suna farauta ne ga tsuntsayen da ba su zuwa ba, karnuka, kifayen fuka-fukai, dawakai, maraba da danginsu. Manyan ɓoyayyiyar manyan beraye da harsashai na iya hadiye ruwan kifin na cikin ruwa.
A cikin hunturu, lokacin da ake fama da karancin abinci, maharbanta sun tono masifar abinci daga manyan dakuna. Ga falto da owls, wannan kuma abincin mai daɗi ne.
A cikin hoto, wani mataccen kifin kifi
Ikon Starfish
Dabbobi na iya samun ganima ko'ina: a saman duniya, a cikin zurfin ƙasa, a cikin ruwa. Yawancin abincinsu yana kunshe da tsarukan ƙasa, mollusks, larvae, kwari iri iri, ƙananan kifaye da cinikin crustacean. Hatta ƙananan kwaɗi da mice suna samun abincinsu.
Babban hankalin sassan jikin tabawa yana taimaka wa tauraron dan Adam ya nemo wanda aka samu da dabarar a fuskarsa ya rike shi da tafin gabansa. Gudun saurin ya bambanta dabba a matsayin daya daga cikin mafiya yawan dabbobin daji.
A lokacin rani, a lokacin wadataccen abinci, yunwar katako ta kasance tana cin abinci gwargwadon nauyinta. Amma a wasu lokuta, yawanta ya kasance har zuwa 35 na abinci.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
A cikin yankuna na tauraro masu ɗauke da taurari, ana lura da ɓangaren auren mace ɗaya. Ya bayyana kanta a cikin gaskiyar cewa mutanen da ke yin aure suna yin ma'aurata ba sa rikici a wurin farauta.
Wannan yana bambanta alaƙar maza da mata daga wasu halittun da suke kama da wanin lokacin matsu. An nuna yanayin zamantakewar a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu rikitarwa akan zaman yau da kullun. Amma kowane ɗayan yana da ɗakunan shakatawa na ƙasa.
Aure yana zuwa sau ɗaya a shekara a cikin bazara. Idan mazaunin yankin arewa ne, to daga Mayu zuwa Yuni, idan kudanci - daga Maris zuwa Afrilu. Cutar ciki tana wuce kwanaki 45. Yawancin lokuta akwai ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi 3-4 a cikin ɗayan litter ɗaya, amma akwai zuriyar dabbobi har zuwa 7 tauraron dan adam.
An haife yara tsirara, ƙananan taurari akan hancinsu. Amma saurin haɓaka yana haifar da 'yanci a cikin wata guda. An bayyana wannan a cikin ci gaban shafuka, abincin da ya manyanta. A cikin watanni 10, 'Ya'yan da suka girma sun yi balaguro, kuma a lokacin bazara mai zuwa su da kansu suna shirye don kiwo.
Shekarun dabba na dabba, idan bai zama ganima ga mai farauta ba, yakai shekaru 4. A zaman talala, tsawon rayuwar yana zuwa shekaru 7. Asalin mazaunin dabbobi ya zama sannu a hankali, kuma a wannan batun, yawan dabbobin da ke da tauraruwa masu rai suna raguwa. Amma har yanzu ba a lura da barazanar kiyaye halittar ba, daidaituwar dabi'un ta sa waɗannan keɓantattun abubuwa masu santsi.
Bayyanar
Halin taurarin tauraruwa daidai yake da sauran moles na Sabuwar Duniya kuma ya saba da rayuwa ta ƙasa. Jikin yana cylindrical, an nuna kai akan gajeriyar sutturar wuya. Hannun manyan yatsun yatsun hannu guda biyar an daidaita su don haƙa ƙasa, sun juya waje tare da tafin hannuwansu kuma suna da kamanni mai shebur. Hakanan kafafu biyu masu kafa biyu ne, amma ba su da kwarewa fiye da goshin. Wool yana da wuya fiye da na sauran nau'in kwayoyin, ba ya jike kuma ana fentin shi cikin duhu ko baƙi. Girman waɗannan dabbobin yana daga 10 zuwa 13 cm. Wutsiya ta fi tsayi fiye da sauran maƙallan mayuka, tsayinsa ya kai cm cm 8. An rufe shi da gashi mai ƙoshi kuma a cikin hunturu yana yin aikin adon mai, yayin da nisansa ke ƙaruwa sosai. Manya suna da nauyi daga 40 zuwa 85 g.
Kwanyar kwankwalin duk moles ce mai lebur kuma tana da tsawo, idanu suna kanana amma manyanta. Auricles ya ɓace. A kusa da hancin hancin guda biyu na ƙanƙanyar tauraron tauraron dan adam akwai haɓaka fata guda goma sha ɗaya waɗanda ke aiki azaman gabobin taɓawa, tare da taimakon wanda aka gano ganima da kuma bincika abubuwan ci a cikin abubuwan raba biyu. Juyawar su tayi sauri wanda idanun dan Adam basa iya bin su. Sabon binciken da aka yi amfani da yin saurin yin fim ya nuna cewa tauraron dan adam zai iya tabawa da duba har kananan abubuwa goma sha uku a sakan na biyu, kasancewa cikin wannan cikin sauri fiye da danginsa ba tare da ci gaban ba. Zai yiwu waɗannan abubuwan haɓaka suna aiki azaman masu wutan lantarki, suna ba ku damar kama abubuwan motsa wutar lantarki waɗanda ke fitowa daga motsin tsokoki na ganima. Abubuwan da ke jikin incisors ƙanana ne da na bakin ciki idan aka kwatanta da sauran ɓoyayyen halittun, suna bayar da saurin sauri. Akwai hakora 44 a cikin dabbobi masu ɗauke da taurari, wato, adadin asalin hakoran dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Yaɗa
Starbursts suna zaune a gabashin Arewacin Amurka. Yankunan su ya tashi daga Manitoba da Labrador a Kanada (saboda su ne yawancin motsin arewa na Sabuwar Duniya) zuwa North Dakota da Ohio da kuma Georgia a kan tekun teku. Wakilan wannan nau'in a kudu sunada girma sosai kuma sun fice a matsayin babbar wakilci Kirkira cristata parva, yayin da yawan masu son gabatarwa a arewa yake C. c. cristata. Tauraruwar wuraren zama sau da yawa, duk da haka, ya dogara da kasancewar ƙasa mai laushi. Ana samun su galibi a cikin lalatattun wurare, a cikin ciyayi da ciyayi a cikin gandun daji.
Halayyar
Kamar sauran 'yan iska, masu siyar da tauraruwa suna gina tsarin amfani da ƙasa. Suna tono ƙasa gabaɗayansu da manyan ƙasashe kuma suna tura kayan duniya zuwa farfajiyar sifofin haɓaka motsi. Ofaya daga cikin ɗakunan, waɗanda aka yi layi tare da tsire-tsire, suna zama wurin hutawa. Wasu sassa suna kaiwa ga ruwa kai tsaye, saboda, ba kamar sauran taurari masu rai ba, suna ɗaukar rayuwar rayuwata-ruwa. Sukan yi iyo da kyau, suna farauta a ƙarƙashin tafkuna. Kari akan haka, sun fi yadda sauran halittun da suke samu akan doron kasa, suma suke neman abinci. Wasu lokuta suna yin halayyar halayyar ɗan adam a cikin rami mai zurfi.
Starbursts suna aiki yayin rana da dare. Ba su fada cikin rashin isasshen ruwan sama ba kuma suna neman abinci a cikin hunturu, suna haƙa a dusar ƙanƙara ko kuma ruwa a ƙarƙashin murfin kankara.
Waɗannan dabbobin sun fi zamantakewa girma da sauran moles. Suna zaune a smallan kananan, runduna. Sau da yawa zaku iya saduwa da namiji da mace a waje da lokacin matse tare, wanda ke nuna wani tsarin rayuwar mace ɗaya.
Tauraron dan adam shine kwayar zarra. Bayani, fasali, salon rayuwa da mazaunin kifin dabbar
Da zarar wani lokacin ƙuruciya, muna karanta tatsuniyar Andersen "Thumbelina." Mijin da ya gaza na gwarzo na tatsuniyar tatsuniyar wata ƙarama ce - babba ce, mai kitse, halin makaho tare da mayafin ja, mai nutsuwa, mai kauri.
Koyaya, a cikin yanayi, waɗannan dabbobi masu ban mamaki suna ƙanana kaɗan kuma ba ma kwanciyar hankali. Suna da saurin aiki, basa hibernate kuma fiye da yadda sauran dabbobi suke farauta. Ba za su iya yin ba tare da abinci ba fiye da awanni 15-17. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙoƙari da yawa yana shiga cikin tono ƙasa.
Amma ga gashin gashi - wannan daidai ne. Moles suna da Jajayen karammiski masu ban mamaki. -Ananan launuka, amma mai ɗorewa kuma ya dace da ɗinki gashin gashi. Abubuwan da aka toshe suna warmed kadan, amma suna da kyau kuma suna da matukar kyau. Yayi tsada kwarai da gaske. A cikin USSR akwai tsarin kamun kifin gaba ɗaya na wannan fatalwar.
Yanzu ya rasa mahimmancin tattalin arziki kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ƙananan kima a cikin gida. Game da rashin gani sosai ma gaskiya ne. Wadannan halittun suna da makafi da gaske, wani lokacin kuma makafi ne gaba daya. Su kuma dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, kwari da kuma ƙwararrun diggers.
Kalmar "tawadar Allah" za'a iya fassara ta a zaman "digger". Tana da tsohuwar tushen Slavic, kuma a cikin yaruka da yawa ana kiranta ta yi kama da juna. A cikin Jamusanci, an ba da ma'anar fassarar sosai: “tawadar Allah” a cikin ka'idodin su ita ce “digging linzamin kwamfuta”. Daga cikin duniyar ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa na mazaunan cikin ƙasa akwai keɓantaccen bayyanar tawadar Allah.
Bayanin da fasali
Aramin tsayi, kawai 13-18 cm, kuma suturar ta ba ta da wadata sosai. Idanun sa sunyi kyau kamar na sauran moles. Stargazer ko zvezdoryl - wani nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin moles. Ya bambanta da sauran mutane ta hanyar ci gaban fata akan ƙyalli a cikin adadin 22 guda.
A cikin kayan haɗin jiki, yana kama da danginsa daga Turai. An ƙirƙiri jikin a cikin sifa da tsari don haƙa ƙididdigar ƙasa da zama a cikin ramuka. Beastan ƙaramin dabba, jiki yayi kama da silinda ko mashin zagaye, shugaban yana conical tare da hanci da aka nuna, akan wuya wuyansa.
'' Forelimbs '' suna da yatsu biyar, kuma na'urar su ce ta tono ƙasa. Fuskokinsu suna kama da shebur, musamman idan kun juya "dabino". Hakanan kafafu biyu na hakora suna da yatsu biyar, amma sun fi karancin ci gaba.
Jawo bashi da ruwa, yafi birge wasu dangi, kuma launinta yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne. Gaskiya ne, ana samun daidaikun mutane cikin baƙi, amma galibi galibi. Wutsiya ta fi tsayi fiye da "'' gwaurayen Turai '', kimanin cm 6 - Duk a cikin mawuyacin gashi. A cikin hunturu, wannan jikin yana aiki da "kayan kwalliya". Tana yin kauri zuwa ga sanyi, tana tara tarin kitse.
Dabba tana da nauyi daga 45 zuwa 85 g, idan akayi la'akari da lokacin shekara, yawan abinci da kuma jima'i .. Shugaban, kamar kowane mutum ne na nau'in halittar da ake tambaya, yana da tsawo, idanu sunyi kankanta, amma sanannu ne a matsayin coals. Yayinda yawancin lokaci a cikin duhu, ba a yin amfani da moles don amfani da su. Babu kunnuwa da ake gani, amma wannan bai shafi ji ba, yana jin daidai ne.
Starfish a cikin hoto yana da matukar kyau. Yayi kyau da ban tsoro. Girman fata yana zaune a gaɓoɓin hanci biyu a ƙima, 11 a kowane gefe. Suna da bayyanar tauraruwar, daga nan sunan. Amma mafi abubuwan tunawa daga alfarma dodo baƙi.
Godiya ga wannan, yana da yanayi na musamman na taɓawa. Tare da su, ya "bincika" abinci da kuma duba yiwuwar cin abinci. Dukkanin hanyoyin gano da duba abinci yana daukar lokaci kadan da mai jituwa fiye da sauran dabbobi, godiya ga wannan ci gaban.
Kuma yana motsa su a wannan lokacin da sauri, kusan ga abin da zai iya gani a idanun mutum. Saboda kawai yin fim ɗin yana yiwuwa a yi la’akari da waɗannan ƙungiyoyi. Kwayoyin na iya bincika har zuwa kananan abubuwa 30 a sakan daya tare da "gashin-baki". Hakoran sa suna ƙanana da sauran nau'ikan, da sirara. Zai iya cizo da sauri kuma mai raɗaɗi. Yawan hakora 44.
Gidan kwayar halitta yana yadu sosai a nahiyoyi biyu - Arewacin Amurka da Eurasia. Gabaɗaya, tana da game da janare 17, waɗanda sun haɗa da nau'ikan motsi 40 na. Duk dabbobi masu shayarwa, kwari, dabbobi.
Suna jagorantar mafi yawancin hanyoyin rayuwa, suna da kyakkyawan wari, taɓawa da ji, amma suna gani talauci ko basa gani. Akwai sunayen nau'ikan da suke sauƙaƙa kewaya inda suke zama.
Misali, manyan Sinawa, Himalayan, Jafan, Vietnamese, Yammaci da Gabashin Amurka, Sinawa ta Yamma, Siberian, Caucasian, Turai, Asiya ,ari, Iberian, California, Pacific, Iran, Yunnan moles. Wannan, ga alama, ba ma duk wasu nau'in halitta da mazauninsu suka gano ba.
Sunayen sauran nau'ikan suna magana akan fasalin su na waje. Molean murma-babba, mai gajeru, fari-fari, mai gashi, mai gashi, doguwar fata, makafi - misalan sunaye ta alamun waje. Haka kuma akwai sunayen "marassa karfi" - tawadar Stankovic, tawadar Kobe, tawadar Townsend.
A cikin girman, duk waɗannan mutane ƙanana ne, daga cm 8 zuwa 13. Misali, tawadar Turai - 13 cm, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwararren duniya ta Amurka - 7.9 cm, ƙwaƙwalwar makafi - 12 cm.
Akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin nau'ikan da aka lissafa wanda zaku kula. Misali, idanun kwayoyin makafi a koyaushe suna boye karkashin fata, kwayoyin halittar Caucasian gaba daya basu da tangardar ido, zasu iya tabbatar da X-ray kawai.
Kwayar Sinawa ba wai karami ce da farin ciki ba, tana da manyan kafafu, wadanda a ciki ba a tsara su don digging da iyo ba. Ba a bunƙasa su ba, kamar sauran moles, kuma ba su yi kamar shebur ba. Jikin kwayoyin halitta basu da gashi, kusan jikinsu yana lullube da gashin kansa - gashi mai nauyi.
Babbar kwayar ta Siberian ce, tana girma har zuwa 19 cm kuma tana nauyin kimanin 220 g. Tana da mafi girman haihuwar zuriya, kusan watanni 9. Kwayoyin tonon Jafananci suna hawa bishiyoyi daidai kuma suna da ikon rusa gida a tsayin 2-4 m
Kuma wani layin daban shine marsupial Australia. Suna da salon rayuwa iri ɗaya da bayyanar su tare da moles, dabbobi masu shayarwa ma ana kiransu kusan iri ɗaya ne, kawai halayen dabbobi ne.
Rayuwa & Habitat
Starbringer yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka. Ya ƙunshi babban yanki daga Kanada har zuwa jihar Georgia. A zahiri saboda gaskiyar cewa an samo shi a Kanada da yawa, wani suna don wannan halitta shine Canfish.
Wadannan dabbobi sune kwayar halitta daya tilo da zata iya rayuwa a mazauna. Sauran nau'in ba su da kulawa. Mafi yawa ƙasa marshy ƙasa, rigar makiyaya an zaɓi don sulhu, suna buƙatar danshi.
Suna haƙa ƙasa, suna yin sararin samaniya na abubuwa masu motsawa. Suna haƙa ƙasa tare da goshinsu, suna jujjuya jikinsu a kan gatura, kamar rawar soja. Sannan suna tura duniya zuwa saman, suna kirkirar kananan kwari. Ta waɗannan "pyramids" kuma ƙayyade wurin da moles.
Suna ba da kyandir don ta'aziya, ɗayan “ɗakuna” da yawa suna yi musu hidima kamar ɗakin kwana ko wurin shakatawa. Suna layi tare da busassun ganye, bambaro, ƙananan ganye da asalinsu. Irin wannan ɗakin yana da nesa daga rami na asali, a ƙarshen ƙarshen ɓoye mai zurfi, yana kama da mai kamawa.
Ana zaune a cikin zurfin mita da rabi daga doron ƙasa. Wadancan sauye-sauyen da suke tare da ita suna da dindindin, dattako kuma ana gyara su kullum. Sama ba ya shiga kai tsaye can, amma ya ɓace daga rijiyoyin da aka haƙa a ƙari a cikin ƙasa gaba ɗayan tsarin ƙasa. Tabbatar samun abubuwan da zasu kai ruwa. Dabbobin Stargazer yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa mai ruwa-ruwa. Yakan iyo da annashuwa, da ruwa da farauta a cikin ruwa.
Kuma a saman duniya ana iya samun sa sau da yawa fiye da sauran moles. Wadannan dabbobin da ke karyewa suna farauta a ƙasa, cikin ƙasa da cikin ruwa. Ayyukan su bai rabu da lokacin rana ba; Karka hana hibernate a cikin hunturu, je neman ganima kai tsaye a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, ko ruwa a ƙarƙashin kankara. Lessasƙasasshe da mafarauta masu farauta.
Suna zaune cikin rukuni, ko kuma akasin haka, manyan iyalai. Starbursts dabbobi ne na zamantakewa, kuma suna da alaƙa da juna. A cikin wannan sun bambanta da sauran nau'in da ke son zama shi kaɗai. Kusan koyaushe maza ke rayuwa tare da mace kuma a waje na lokacin kiwo, wanda ke nuna amincin su da auren mace daya. Kuma mafi kyawun ji shine ƙaunarsa ta iyaye.
Dabba dabba ce ta dabi'a, saboda haka wani lokacin zalunci ne, zubar jini da ɗaukar fansa. Yin gwagwarmaya don mazaunin, moles a cikin fushi yaƙi da juna. Akwai ma lokuta na cin naman mutane a cikin wannan halittar "kyakkyawa". Dabbobin suna yin sautikan da basu da daɗi;
Amfana da cutarwa ga mutum
'Yan lambu suna tsoron cewa moles suna tonon tsirrai ko asalinsu suna bushewa. Koyaya, lalata kwari da lardin su, moles yana taimakawa mutum sosai. Suna kwance ƙurar ƙasa, ƙasa da aka ɗauka daga ƙwayoyin sel sako-sako da sako-sako, ba ta buƙatar a sifantu, tana da kyakkyawan tsari. Sun kuma lalata wireworm da beyar - makiya madawwami a cikin lambu, matafila, waɗanda kawai ke cin tsire-tsire. Amfanin daga gare shi yana da yawa.
Amma idan moles ya busa akan shafin - wannan ba shi da kyau. Wannan bala'i ne. Suna tsallake gadajen fure, gadaje, hanyoyi. Dukkan tono, lalata tsire-tsire. Kuma suna lalata duniya baki daya, kuma wadanda, kamar yadda kuka sani, suna da matukar amfani ga samuwar kasa.
Lalacewa ba abin da suke yi ba ne, nan da nan sukan gina sababbi. Mutane sun haɗu da ingantattun hanyoyi don magance yawancin adadin moles a cikin shirye-shiryen. Wadannan tarkuna daban-daban, sinadarai, hanyar zuba burrows da ruwa da masu siyarwa. Kuma mutumin yana karɓar karnuka ko kuliyoyi don farautar moles. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin suna da rashin nasara.
Don sanya tarko, kuna buƙatar sanin abin da dabba ke motsawa mafi yawan lokuta. Yin amfani da guba don lalacewa abu ne maras kyau, haka ma, ba shi da haɗari ga mutane da sauran dabbobi. Ruwa na iya cike ramuka, amma akwai damar cike tsirrai. Thenasa zata bushe, kuma dabbobin su dawo.
Fitar da kare ko cat don fara neman kwayar yana da tasiri, amma na dogon lokaci. Kuma, dangane da dabbobi nawa kuke da su a shafin. Idan da yawa - Mataimakinku ba zai jimre ba. Wasu suna sa raga a ƙasa ko binne abubuwa masu kaifi, amma irin waɗannan hanyoyin ba su da daɗi.
Hanyar da mutumci da ingantacciyar hanyar ita ce shigar da masu sayarwa iri iri. Abubuwan shigarwa na Noise suna haifar da damuwa ga dabba. Gaskiya ba ya son matsanancin sauti da ganye. Gaskiya, sautin kuka na iya dame mutum da maƙwabta.
Akwai magungunan maye gurbi na ultrasonic, ƙanshin da ke keɓe dabbobi. Akwai tsire-tsire waɗanda ke kawar da kwayar halitta daga shafin tare da ƙanshin su, alal misali, legumes, marigolds, lavender, calendula, tafarnuwa, da albasarta.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Ana kuma kiran Zvezdonosov. A cikin Latin, sunansu yana kama da Condylura cristata. Wannan shine ɗayan nau'ikan halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa. Zvezdonos wakili ne mai haske na gidan kwayar halitta. A cikin wannan iyali an sanya shi wani keɓaɓɓen ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wanda ake kira: subfamily "Moles of the New World." An yanke shawarar rarrabawa wani yanki daban daban saboda kasancewar ƙayyadaddun halaye na taurari waɗanda ke bambanta su da sauran halittun duniya.
Bidiyo: Starbringer
Wannan nau'in kwayar tana son hanyoyin ruwa, amma babban bambanci daga dangi mafi kusa shine hancin su. Yana da girma ashirin da biyu tauraro mai siffa girma. Waɗannan abubuwan haɓaka suna kan kai tsaye a fuskar dabba kuma basu da kyan gani. Baya ga hanci "mummuna", ana bambanta wannan tawadar ta dusar ƙanƙara mai duhu, ƙanana ƙananan ƙanana - tsawon kifin katako ba ya wuce santimita ashirin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Starbringer ba kwayoyin halitta bane. Bawai kawai yana ƙaunar yin tafiya akan saman duniya ba, amma kuma yana ƙaunar yin iyo a cikin ruwa. Kuma ulu mai ƙarfi yana taimaka masa a cikin wannan, wanda yake da sakamako mai hana ruwa tasiri.
Haɓaka-mai girman taurari a kan fuskar wannan dabbar ita ce ta musamman. Masana ilimin kimiyya sun gano cewa ana iya kiransa tsarin kula da damuwa mafi kyau a duniya. Akan wannan jikin akwai sama da dubu ɗari na jijiyoyin jijiya. Wannan adadi ya ninka har sau biyar fiye da hankalin mutum! Bugu da kari, hanci mai siffa-tauraruwa yana da kamshi ko da a ruwa. Don yin wannan, dabbar tana sakin kumfa a cikin ruwa, sannan ta ja su baya. A cewar masana kimiyyar, wadannan kumfa ne suke bawa kwayoyin damar jin warin ganima a cikin ruwa.
Ina tauraron yake zaune?
Hoto: Starburst a Arewacin Amurka
Stargazers suna yin wasu buƙatu akan mazauninsu. Ba kamar sauran moles ba, waɗannan dabbobin ba sa yin rayuwa ne ta hanyar rayuwa. Ana iya ganin su sau da yawa a saman duniya har ma a ruwa. A saboda wannan dalili, dabbobi sun gwammace su zauna kusa da kandami. A nan suka sanya gidajensu. Gidaje tsari ne mai matukar wahalar motsawa tare da kyamarori da yawa, abubuwan da aka shigo dasu. Ofaya daga cikin mafita yakan haifar da kai tsaye cikin ruwa.
Yanayin yanayi shima yana da matukar mahimmanci a gare su. Starbursts zaɓi wurare tare da matakan zafi. A kan iyakar mazauninsu na asali, suna zaune a cikin ciyayi mai dausayi, ciyayi da kan iyakar. A cikin kurmi ko bushewa, ba a iya samun irin wannan dabba ba. Starfishes guje wa irin waɗannan yankuna.
Starbringer kwayar ta Amurka ce. An rarraba shi ko'ina cikin Sabon Duniya. Yankin yankin da yake zaune ya ƙunshi dukkanin gabashin gabashin Amurka, Kanada. Gasar mazaunin dabbobi ta kai har zuwa yamma - zuwa manyan Tabkuna. Abinda yafi kayatarwa shine gaskiyar cewa kifin kifayen a kudu da arewa sun sha bamban. Dabbobin kudu suna ƙanana, dabbobin arewa sun fi girma. A saboda wannan dalili, masana kimiyya sun gano rabe-raben abubuwa biyu: arewa, kudu.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo matattarar kifin. Bari mu ga abin da sabon abu dabba ke ci.
Me tauraron yake ci?
Hoto: Mole Starbringer
Stargazers sun kasance moles masu aiki, wanda kuma shine silar bayyanar su daga sauran dangi. Sun kasance suna neman abinci kusan duk rana, wanda shine ainihin saɓon halittarsu ke motsa shi. Dabbobi suna neman abinci ko'ina: cikin ruwa, a kan doron ƙasa da ƙarƙashinta. Kullum suna haƙa rami don neman abinci. A cikin rana guda, mai tauraron dan adam ya kawo hare-hare shida a farauta. Sauran lokacin, dabbar tana aiki tana narke abinci da hutawa.
Abincin yau da kullun na 'yan tauraron sun hada da:
Abincin da girman abincin da aka ci bai dogara da girman dabba ba, wurin zama, har ma a lokacin shekara. Don haka, yawan shaye-shaye yafi bayyana a lokacin bazara. A wannan lokacin, kwayar za ta iya cin abinci mai yawa a rana kamar yadda take awo. A wasu lokuta na shekara, girman abincin ba ya wuce gram talatin da biyar.
Yawancin dabbobi suna amfani da gabobin hangen nesa yayin farauta don neman ganima. Molefish suna farauta daban. Fuskar sanyinsu mai ɗauke da hankali tana taimaka musu wajen samun abinci. Tare da farfajiyar hancinsa, yana neman wanda aka cutar, sannan ya riƙe ta da ƙarfi tare da motsin gabansa. Arfin yana da ƙarfi sosai. Godiya gareshi, an gano tauraron dan adam a matsayin daya daga cikin masu kwarewar farauta a duniyar tamu.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Star-Mole
Jigilar tauraro-tauraro suna kashe mafi yawan lokacinsu a karkashin kasa. Su, kamar sauran dangi, haƙa rami. Wadannan dabbobin zasu iya ƙirƙirar ɗakunan labyrinths masu rikitarwa tare da kyamarori masu yawa. Smallaramin ƙananan ƙeƙasassu ƙwallafa ne kawai na iya bayar da kasancewar kasancewarsu a yankin da aka bayar. A cikin hanyoyi masu rikitarwa, dabbobi suna yin ƙananan kyamarori don kansu. A cikin ɗayansu suna ba da rami. A can, tauraron dan adam ya ɓoye daga maƙiyansa, suna cikin ayyukan zuriyar zuriya.
Dabbobin suna rufe tumbinsu da sanduna, ciyawa, tsirrai. Ofaya daga cikin wuraren fashewar burgo dole ne ya zuwa asalin ruwa, inda kifin masalan ke ba da izinin ciyar da lokacinsu. Irin wannan kwayar tana ziyartar tafki sau da yawa a rana. Suna iyo sosai, sun nutse sosai. A cikin hunturu, ana iya ganin dabbar dutsen har ma a ƙarƙashin kankara. Wadannan dabbobin basa sa hibernate. A cikin hunturu, sukan neme abincinsu a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara kuma suna farautar mazaunan ruwa a ƙasa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don zama lahani a karkashin ruwa, masu ɗaukar taurari suna taimakawa fasalin jikinsu. Suna da ƙarfi, siffofi masu siffofi da kuma dogon wutsiya. Paws sun daidaita cikin sauri cikin ruwa, kuma ana amfani da wutsiyar a matsayin rudder.
Stargazers masu daidaitaccen ma'auni ne, dabbobi na zamantakewa. Yawancin lokaci suna ƙirƙirar ƙananan ikon mallaka waɗanda suke rayuwa cikin salama da kwanciyar hankali. Koyaya, yan mulkin mallaka sukan lalace. A waje da lokacin mating, mace da namiji ba su daina sadarwa, wanda kuma abin mamaki ne. Yawancin lokaci wannan ba halayyar wakilan dangin mole ba ne.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Cubs
Zvezdonosa za a aminta da shi wata halitta mai aure. Waɗannan dabbobin suna samun mata a cikin mazauna, mata, suna haife yara kuma suna ci gaba da sadarwa tare da juna. Ko da a wajen lokacin matse, mace da namiji ba sa hana “dangantaka” ta danginsu. Koyaya, kowane manya yana da "'yanci" na kansa. Kowane kifin kifin yana da burrows daban, ɗakuna don hutawa da rayuwa.
Lokaci na dace da wadannan matasai ana yin su sau daya a shekara. Yana faruwa a cikin bazara, amma ainihin kwanakin a yankuna daban-daban na mazaunin halitta sun bambanta. Don haka, a arewacin lokacin canjin yanayin yana farawa ne a cikin watan Mayu, kuma a kudu - a cikin Maris. Lokacin mating yana da 'yan watanni. Mahaifiyar mace tana dauke da kwanaki arba'in da biyar. A lokaci guda, macen tana ɗaukar cuba fouran huɗa. Koyaya, wani lokacin zuriya na iya isa jarirai bakwai a cikin ɗayan ciki.
'Ya'yan abincin kifi sun haihu ne marasa tsaro, tsirara gaba daya. Da farko, hanci da ba a saba gani ba irin na tauraruwa a fuskar moles kusan ba a san shi ba ne. Wani fasali mai ban mamaki ga jarirai masu ɗauke da taurari shine haɓakarsu cikin sauri. Crumbs zai iya riga ya jagoranci rayuwa mai zaman kanta kwanaki talatin bayan haihuwa. Kwanaki 30 bayan haka, dabbobin sun cika dacewa da yanayin, suna juyawa zuwa abincin da suka manyanta, kuma suna zurfafa bincike game da wuraren da suke kewaye.
Abokan halitta na Starbursts
Hoto: Abin da ya yi kama da kifin kifi
Starbursts ba su da kariya ga yawancin masu hasashen. Wannan shi yafi saboda yanayin rayuwarsu. Wannan nau'in, sabanin sauran wakilan moles, suna ciyar da lokacinta ba kawai a cikin ƙasa ba. Taurari suna tafiya da yawa a doron ƙasa, nutsewa da iyo a jikin ruwan ruwa. A kan tudu da ruwa, waɗannan ƙananan dabbobin suna fuskantar haɗari da yawa. Bugu da kari, a kan moles suna "wasa" raunin gani. Dabbobi kawai ba su ganin tsarin masu farauta.
Mafi tsananin hatsarin abokan gaban 'yan tauraron sun hada da:
- tsuntsaye iri-iri. Tafiya fara'a ce da akafi so da manyan mujiya, gaggafa, shaho, kuliyoyi, kwararo,
- martens, skunks,
- manyan e peran fari, manyan kwaɗi.
Masu gandun daji suna kamawa kuma suna cin ƙananan moles lokacin da suke yawo a cikin ciyayi, je wurin tafki ko yin iyo cikin ruwa. A lokacin hunturu, mafarautan sun samu ratayewar jan kifin daga manyan dakuna. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a kira makiyin halitta na kifin kifi. Da wuya mutane su kashe wannan dabba, amma suna cutar da wata hanyar. Mahalli na mutane ya raba mazaunin waɗannan dabbobi. Amma, an yi sa'a, wannan bai da tasiri sosai ga yawan adadin abincin kifin.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Snouts taurari suna da ƙananan mazaunin halitta. Koyaya, lambar su tabbatacciya ce. Wadannan dabbobin an sanya su matsayin “Least damu”. Ra'ayin yana da yawa. Koyaya, masanan kimiyya lura da ɗan raguwa a cikin adadin masu ɗaukar taurari. Wannan ya faru ne saboda tasirin abubuwa da yawa.
Da fari dai, wadannan dabbobin ba su da kariya a gabanin magabatansu. Mujiya, da mikiya, mikiya, dabbobi da sauran dabbobi suna cinsu da jin daɗi na musamman. Abu na biyu, tasirin ɗan adam yana cutar mummunan tasiri ga yawan jinsin. Harkokin ƙasa, bunƙasawa da haɓaka yankuna sun haifar da raguwar mazaunin ƙasa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tauraruwa sune kwayoyi masu wuce gona da iri. Suna jawo hankalin mutane tare da kallonsu da ban mamaki na masoyan kwarai. Koyaya, taurari masu ban sha'awa ba kawai don wannan ba. Suna da amfani sosai ga kimiyya. Tare da taimakonsu, ana yin nazarin abubuwan da ke ƙarƙashin ikon hankali.
Tauraruwar dake dauke da tauraro dabba ce mai lafiya. Ba za a iya danganta shi da adadin kwari ba. Ba ya cutar da aikin gona ko wasu wuraren rayuwar ɗan adam. Rayuwar rayuwar irin waɗannan moles a takaice ce. A cikin daji, berayen-rako suna rayuwa sama da shekara huɗu. A cikin bauta ne kawai ake tsammanin karuwar rayuwa zuwa shekaru bakwai.
Stargazer - na musamman kuma a lokaci guda mai tsoratarwa. Fuskarsu mai kama da tauraruwa mai kama da gani ba ta da hankali, amma kayan ta na birge ta gwargwado. Moles-mai ɗauke da tauraruwa masu narkewa a hankali yana raguwa a lamba, amma ya zuwa yanzu babu wani babban haɗari ga yawan dabbobi.
Fasalin halayen
Wannan tawadar ta bambanta da kusancin dangi saboda a yawancin lokaci tana zuwa saman duniya. A halin yanzu, kamar duk moles, yakan tono tsoho rami. Babban tudu a bakin ƙasa shine ƙofar shigarsa.
Molewallon fitila mai hoto, hoto da kwatankwacinsu wanda bai bayyana ba sau da yawa akan shafukan wallafe-wallafen gida don masoya yanayi, suna shirya gidan ta a cikin ɓataccen ko kuma kumburin fadama kansa. A hankali ya jera shi da gansakuka da ganye. Yawancin wurare na karkashin kasa tabbas suna haifar da tafki.
Mole Starbringer: Shortan gajeren bayani
Gwarzon mu na yau wata halitta ce da ba a saba da ita ba bisa ga dukkan alamu, amma babban fasalin ta, babu shakka, alama ce ta abin tunawa. Abinda yake da banmamaki a sama shine dabbar kwayar-dabbar? Hoton da ke ƙasa yana ba ku damar duba shinge 22 masu laushi. Suna girma a kusa da wani halin rashin kunya. Duk wannan sabon tsari yana kama da alamar asharari a sifa.
Kowane sigar kayan ado shine shinge har tsawon 4 mm. Dukkansu suna da hankali da saurin aiki. Tsarin yana da yawancin jijiyoyi, masu karɓa, da jijiyoyin jini. Masana kimiyya suna kiransu gabobin Aimer. An tsara su don karɓa da watsa bayanai.
A cikin 22, haskoki 2 ne koyaushe. Sauran suna bincika sararin samaniya koyaushe, suna nazarin ganima. Nan take suna tantance ko za a iya ci ko a'a. Dabbobin suna buƙatar millise seconds takwas kawai don sanin ingancin abin da ta ci.
Maganin physique na tawadar tauraron ya bambanta kadan da dangin sa: jikinsa yana da ƙarfi, yana da sifar silima. Shugaban yana da tsawo, a kan gajeren wuya. Idanun suna kanana, da kyar. Auricles ya ɓace. A kan kafafu na gaba, yatsunsu suna da tsawo, mai siffa-sikeli, suna da manyan yatsu biyu.
Hannun gaba suna waje sosai, wanda ke taimakawa kwayar ta aiwatar da aikin fashewa. Kafa kafafun kafa biyar ne, ya yi daidai da tsari zuwa gaban, amma ba a daidaita shi da lambobin ƙasa ba. Lokacin da kuka kalli hoto, zaku sami ra'ayi mara kyau cewa wannan babbar dabbar - mai farawa ce. Girman dabbar a zahiri ya kasance daga 10 zuwa 13 cm.
Cmarin 8 cm a tsawon yana ƙara wutsiya. Yayi tsawo fiye da sauran nau'ikan moles, an rufe shi da kauri, mai kauri. A cikin hunturu, ana adana mai a ciki. Sabili da haka, a cikin kaka, yana ƙaruwa da kauri ta kusan sau huɗu. Jimlar yawan dabbar ba ta wuce gram 80.
Zuriya
Matan wannan nau'in suna haihuwar zuriya sau ɗaya a shekara. Kimanin kwanaki arba'in da biyar na ciki ke ci gaba. Bayan wannan lokacin, ana haihuwar 'yan biyu zuwa bakwai. An haife su tsirara kuma marasa taimako, amma suna girma da sauri. A rana ta goma, jikinsu ya rufe da ulu.
Matar tana ciyar da 'ya'yan a cikin madara tsawon makonni uku zuwa hudu. Bayan watanni goma da suka riga sun zama balaga, masu iya haihuwa.