1. Albatrosses tsuntsayen teku ne da aka san su da ƙaunar tafiya mai nisa.
2.Abbatrosses suna rayuwa a cikin sanyi da yanayin zafi na Kudancin misasar Hemisphere. Musamman sau da yawa ana samun tsuntsaye a cikin abin da ake kira Kudancin Yankin Kudancin - kwari a kusa da Antarctica, a kan dukkan tsibiran.
3. Tsuntsayen da ke yawo mai nisa - zuwa yankuna masu tsaunuka na Arewacin Haurobiya, kuma kar ku taɓa tashi kawai zuwa yankuna sama da Tekun Arctic.
4. Akwai nau'ikan albatross sama da 20 - daga smoky, girman nau'in seagull, zuwa yawo (Diomedes exulans, ko "exitate albatross"), tare da fuka-fukan da aka yi rikodin saurin mita 3.5 (wannan ƙaramin jirgin saman ne!)
5. A cikin dangin albatross, sarakuna da masu yawo suna daya daga cikin manyan tsuntsayen tsuntsaye masu girma. Yawan jikin mutum ya kai tsawan - kilo 10-11, kuma fuka-fukan ya kai mita 3.5. Yawan nau'ikan albatross: Albatross na Amsterdam, albatross na sarauta, albatross masu yawo, Tristan albatross.
Amsterdam Albatross
6. Amsterdam albatross ya kai santimita 120 a tsayi, fikafikai - har zuwa mita 3,5, nauyi yana cikin kewayon kilo 5-8.
7. Mabudin kallo na tsibirin Amsterdam da ke kudu da Tekun Indiya.
8. Ana yiwa wannan tsuntsu barazanar guguwar, amma sannu a hankali ana iya haɓaka yawan jama'a.
9. Albatrosses sun yi nisa can nesa da kowane tsuntsu. Godiya ga binciken tauraron dan adam, sai ya zama cewa wasu albatrosses suna yawo cikin duniya kasa da watanni biyu kuma suna iya hawan kwanaki shida ba tare da firam guda ba.
10. Mafi yawan makamashi a cikin duk wani jirgi mai saukar angatross shine yake tashi: kawai lokacin da tsuntsu yake bukatar ya fuka fuka-fukansa ba tare da yankewa ba.
Royal albatross
11. Albatross na sarauta yana da tsawon jikin tsuntsu mai tsawon 110 zuwa 120 santimita, fikafikanti ya kai santimita 280-350, kuma dattijo ya kai kimanin kilo 8.
12.Wannan nau'in ya haɗa da rabe-raben abubuwa biyu: sarakunan masarauta ta arewa da kuma albatross ta kudu. Fuka-fukan firam ɗin arewa an rufe su da gashin fuka-fukin launin shuɗi mai duhu, yayin da kudanci ke da fuka-fukai masu launin fari.
13. mazaunin gidan albatross na sarauta - New Zealand.
14. Ba kamar tsuntsayen da ke farautarsu suna shirin akan koguna mai ɗumi ba, ana riƙe da ƙwanƙolin kusa da tekun ta amfani da ƙarfin haɓakar iska wanda yake bayyana daga raƙuman ruwa.
15. Tsarin wadannan tsuntsayen abu ne mai dimbin yawa kuma yana kusa da shi, Fluff dinsa mai yawa ne, haske ne mai dumin dumu, tare da muraran da ke rufe jikin albatross din a ci gaba, yayin da a cikin sauran tsuntsayen ke tsiro ne kawai tare da wasu layuka - Pterillia. Ruwan ɗumi mai danshi na albatrosses yana kusa da siye cikin kayan jikinta.
Gudun albatross
16. Albatross mai yawo yana da tsawon gangar jikinsa wanda ya kai santimita 117, fuka-fuki mafi girma ga dukkan jinsuna - har zuwa santimita 370. Launin zubewar tsuntsu ya yi fari, a cikin gashin fuka-fukan fuka-fukan ana iya samun rariyoyin baƙar fata. Gefen yana da girma. Aljihu suna ruwan hoda.
17. An yiwa fatar matasa fenti launin ruwan kasa, wanda ke faduwa kuma yai fari yayin da suka girma, amma wani abu mai haske mai haske yana iya kasancewa a nono na dogon lokaci.
18. Ana samun albatross mai yawo a tsibirin submarctic.
Albatross mai launin-baki
19. Da zaran wata katuwar bishiyar albatross ta tsaya a kan fikafinta, kafafunta bazasu taba taɓa ƙasa ba har sai lokacin ya yi na aure, kuma wannan na iya faruwa a cikin dozin shekaru.
20. Launin albatrosses ba mai haske bane, sautunan launin ruwan kasa sun mamaye smallananan halitta, da fari a manyan. Kowane sassa na jiki (kai, fuka-fuki) a cikin fararen tsuntsaye ana iya bambanta su da launin toka ko baƙi. Tsuntsaye na mata da maza suna da launi iri ɗaya.
Tristan Albatross
21. Tristan albatross yana da kamannin kamannin albatross da ke yawo kuma wani lokaci ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin reshensa. Bayan haka, tsuntsu ya fi karami girma, kuma launinsa na dushewa yayi duhu.
Matasa suna daɗaɗa farin zaren a hankali, idan aka kwatanta su da albatross mai yawo.
23. mazaunin jinsunan shine Tristan da Cunha tarin tsibiri, inda yanzu ake barazanar lalata.
24. Albatross tsuntsu ne mai dadewa. Suna rayuwa tsawon lokaci ta wurin ka'idodin dabbobi. Za'a iya kwatanta rayuwar su tsawon lokaci tare da ɗan adam, saboda galibi suna rayuwa har zuwa lokacin tsufa na shekaru 60 ko fiye.
25. Amma, duk da wannan, albatross mai farin-goyon baya an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na Rasha, an sauƙaƙa halakar yawancin wannan nau'in ta hanyar lalata tsuntsayen da masu sihiri suka yi saboda kyakkyawan ƙyalƙyawar albatross.
26. Albatrosses “nomads” ne waɗanda ba a haɗa su da komai ba sai wurin da aka haife su. Tare da tafiyar su, sun rufe duk duniya. Wadannan tsuntsayen za su iya rayuwa cikin salama ba tare da ƙasa ba tsawon watanni, kuma don a huta, za su iya sauka a gefen ruwan.
27. Albatrosses suna cikin tsarin Procellariiformes, asalin - Tubinares, wanda ke nufin "tube-nosed".
28. Tubes suna gudana a tsawon tsawon manyan kugunan beran kuma suna haifar da kyakkyawan ƙanshin ji, yana barin albatross ya gano ciyayi da abinci na mil mil.
29. A cikin wasu nau'ikan shambura, suna da aikin dual: suna bawa tsuntsu damar yin numfashi ta hancin mutum ɗaya kuma ya matse gishirin ruwan teku ta ɗayan.
30. Don ci gaba da tseren su, tsuntsayen suna zuwa wuraren da suka taɓa yin saurin rabuwa da kansu. Wannan na faruwa sau da yawa: sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 2-3.
31. Kowane jinsi na dangin albatross sun zaɓi wurin kiwon kaji. Mafi yawan lokuta waɗannan wurare ne a kusa da mai daidaitawa.
32. Suna ƙoƙarin gina makanninsu cike cunkoson jama'a, suna iya zama kusa da jinsunan tekun teku.
33. Albatross ba yaudara lokacin gini. Gidarsa tana kama da tudun laka, ƙasa da ciyawa tare da ɓacin rai, suna tsaye kai tsaye kan duwatsun ko bakin tekun.
34. Wannan tsuntsu na iya zama misalign wani misali na matan aure: waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaɓi abokin tarayya ɗaya daga rayuwa. Ma'auratan suna ɗaukar shekaru don zama dangin tsuntsaye na ainihi tare da alamun motsawa da alamomi.
35. Tsarin tsara tsuntsayen suna da laushi, suna tsabtace gashin fuka-fukansu, suna ciyar da junan su, cackle har ma da sumbata. Bayan tsawon watanni na rabuwar, abokan rayuwar biyu sun sake tashi zuwa inda ake maganan kuma nan da nan suka fahimci juna.
36. Wadannan tsuntsayen sun sanya kwai 1 kacal. Suna birge shi bi da bi. Tsarin tsallake-tsallake a cikin wadannan tsuntsayen shine daya daga cikin mafi dadewa a duniyar tsuntsu kuma yana iya wuce kwanaki 80. Abokan haɗin suna canzawa ba sau ɗaya ba, kuma lokacin da aka ƙwai ƙwai, tsuntsaye biyu sun rasa nauyi kuma sun cika.
37. Ga wata na fari, ma'aurata sukan ciyar da dan su, kuma abokan hadin su suke yin zafi dashi. Sannan iyayen zasu iya barin gidan kajin na wasu 'yan kwanaki, kuma an bar ɗan ya bar su duka.
38. Karen ya zauna a cikin mazauni na tsawon kwanaki 270, lokacin da yake girma har jikinsa ya girma girman girman tsuntsu a sigogi.
39.Latsowa sun bar ɗan kwata kwata, kuma an tilasta wa yaro ya zauna shi kaɗai har sai ta canza abin da jariri ya yi wa tsoho tare da horar da fuka-fukansa don tashi. Ana samun horo kan gaci ko a ƙarshen ruwan.
40. Albatrosses suna shirye don ma'aurata a cikin shekaru 4-5, amma, suna yin aure ban da shekaru 9-10.
41. Gwanin albatross ya ƙunshi kifi, squid, crustaceans, mollusks, da ƙananan plankton.
42. Don ganima, albatross sau da yawa suna tafiya da daddare, bibiyarsa a cikin iska kuma karba shi daga saman ruwa a kan gardama. Tsuntsaye na iya nutsewa zuwa zurfin mitoci 12.
43. jinsuna daban sun fi son abinci daban-daban. Bugu da kari, wasu albatrosses sun gwammace su farauta daga waje, yayin da wasu suke yin akasin haka.
44. Albatross mai yawo yana neman abinci ne kawai a yankuna da ke da nisan mil 1. A lokacin farauta, maza da mata sukan yi farauta a yankuna daban-daban.
45. Dimorphism na jima'i a cikin albatross ba a bayyana ba. Young matasa kawai sun bambanta da tsuntsayen manya a launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa. Wani lokaci kuma a cikin mace baki iyakoki na iya zama sananne tare da gefen farin gashinsa a fikafikan.
46. Albatrosses sune manyan tsuntsaye a cikin danginsu. A waje, wannan tsuntsun yayi kama da tsuntsayen teku. Don haka, albatross yana da baki mai kama da shi - kunkuntar kuma dogo, mai lanƙwasa a bakin. Koyaya, yana da mahimman fasalin nasa.
47. Gashin hancin tsuntsu suna kan bangarorin beak kuma suna kama da shambura masu tsayi. Irin wannan tsarin su shine dalilin ingantacciyar ma'ana da ingantacciyar ma'anar jin warin albatross, wanda ke da wuya a tsakanin tsuntsaye.
48. A kan baki a ciki, akwai wasu takaddun abubuwa da za su taimaka ci gaba da farashi a cikin baki.
49. Matsakaicin saurin tashi na albatross shine kilomita 50 / h, matsakaicin shine 80 km / h. Wani babban tsuntsu yana tashi kimanin kilomita 800-1000 a rana. Kuma duniya tayi kwari cikin kwanaki 46.
50. Aan ƙarnuka da suka gabata, an yi amfani da albatrosses azaman tushen ƙwai, mai, da wadataccen abinci. Mutane sun lalata wuraren da ake kewaya, kuma an harbi tsuntsaye. Duk wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a yau 19 daga cikin 21 na albatrosses an jera su a cikin Littafin Lissafi kuma suna cikin haɗarin lalacewa.
Tsarin tsari da juyin halitta
Bayyanar farkon tsuntsayen daga jinsunan albatross mallakar na tsakiyar Miocene ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 12-15 da suka gabata.
Burbushin halittu (Olson, 1985, Haaramo, 2005)
- Diomedea milleri (Tsakanin Miocene, Sharktooth Hill kuma, mai yiwuwa, Tsakiyar Miocene, Oregon, Amurka)
- Diomedea sp. (Late Miocene, Valdes Peninsula (Argentina), Antarctica)
- Diomedea sp. (Farkon Farko, Afirka ta Kudu)
- Diomedea sp. (Farkon Farko, Florida, Amurka)
Albatross
1. ornithol. bakin ruwa na umarnin fararen kaya (Diomedea) ◆ Harshen makiyaya ana saninsa koyaushe ta halaye masu zuwa: tsiri madaidaiciyar farin kumfa, wanda ke kama babban yanki na teku, garken ɓoye da albatross, kifi whales, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, da garkunan zaki zaki. Chekhov, Sakhalin Tsibiri, 1893-1818
Samun Taswirar Kalmar Daidaita Tare
Sannu! Sunana Lampobot, Ni shirin komputa ne wanda ke taimakawa wajen yin Taswirar Kalmar Magana. Na san yadda ake kirgawa, amma har yanzu ban fahimci yadda duniyarku take aiki ba. Ka taimake ni in tantance ta!
Na gode! Tabbas zan iya rarrabewa tsakanin kalmomi masu rarrabuwa da ƙwararrun kalmomi.
Yaya bayyanannen ma'anar kalmar sakaci(suna):
