Daya daga cikin jiragen ruwan dakon kaya a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk ya cika ambaliya tare da adadu guda dari. An kwashe tsuntsayen, suna ta sauka da daddare a kan jirgin ruwan Vitus Bering, wanda ke tashi a tashar jiragen ruwa na Kholmsk.
A cewar masana kimiyyar muhalli, da daddare a kan daddare na iya jawo haske a kan jirgin ruwa. Sun sauka, amma ba za su iya ɗaukarsu ba saboda kayan aikin mutum. Petrels cikin sauƙin nutsuwa, tashi a kan teku, gangara zuwa cikin ruwa da tashi zuwa cikin sama kai tsaye daga farfajiyar sa, amma a lokaci guda ba za su iya hawa ƙasa ba kuma ba su iya yin haɓaka kai tsaye daga can. Don yin wannan, suna buƙatar kasancewa kan ruwa ko kuma wani tsauni don cirewa lokacin da raunin iska mai zuwa.
Ba a yarda masu tsabtace muhalli a kan jirgin ba, amma wani rikodin ya bayyana a shafukan sada zumunta game da yadda ma'aikatan jirgin suka gicciye tare da tsinke tsuntsayen cikin ruwa, ba shi yiwuwa a hau kan jirgin don kar a kama ɗayan tsuntsayen. Yin hukunci da asusun shaidun gani da ido, tsuntsaye da yawa sun mutu yayin gudanar da ayyukan.
Daruruwan dabbobi suna cikin damuwa cikin jirgin.
- Daruruwan tsuntsaye a ranar Litinin suka yi iyo, mai yiwuwa, ga haske kuma suka sauka a kan bene. Na san wannan halin, kamar ni myan ƙasa na, ta hanyar bidiyon da aka rarraba akan shafukan yanar gizo. Marubucin ya rubuta yadda shi, ya tura tsuntsayen, suka motsa tare da jirgin ruwan. Shaidun gani da ido, sun bayar da rahoton cewa, fara aika abubuwa da saukar da kaya, ba tare da 'yantar da jirgin ba daga tsuntsaye. Kuma wannan bawai kawai zai haifar da mutuwar dabbobi bane. Hanyar fita a cikin wannan halin yana da sauƙi - kawai jefa su cikin ruwa. A aikina na marina, akwai irin wannan yanayin lokacin da takwarorina na sami adana ruwa masu ruwa iri da yawa ta wannan hanyar, kodayake ya kasance terns a lokacin. Sakamakon tsarin halittar mutum, kananan dabbobi za su iya riga su cire daga ruwan kuma su ci gaba da kan hanyarsu. Ba za su iya sauke kansu daga jirgin ruwan ba, ”in ji Alexander Ivanov, darektan RIA Novosti na Asusun Green Sakhalin.
Masana muhalli sun yi kira ga shugabancin tashar jirgin ruwa ta yammacin Afirka da ya ba shi izinin shiga Vitus Bering, amma ba su sami amsa ba.
Ba a lissafa mai launin toka a cikin Littafin Ruwan Ruwa ba, saboda haka, a cewar masana muhalli, ma'aikatar kula da lamuran yanki ya zama tilas ta sa baki a cikin lamarin, wanda alhakinsa shi ne daukar matakan rigakafin, musamman, sanar da masu ruwa da tsaki game da abin da za a yi a irin wadannan lamuran ga kungiyar don hana mutuwar tsuntsaye.
- Kuna iya ajiye tsuntsayen idan an ƙaddamar da kowa cikin ruwa. Na yi imanin cewa, wannan jirgin ruwan ne yakamata su yi hakan tun ma kafin fara saukar da jirgi, ”Alexander Ivanov ya tabbata.
Babban halayyar mutum
Tare da wasu kifayen managartan, wakilan dangin Petrel suna da ramuka wacce ke da nau'ikan bututu masu kama da ke a saman sashin baki. Ta hanyar waɗannan budewa, ana fitar da gishirin teku da ruwan jujin ciki. Gefen yana da nau'ikan ƙugiya-sifa da tsawo, tare da ƙarshen kaifi da gefuna. Wannan fasalin beak yana bawa tsuntsaye damar riƙe ganima mai taushi, har da kifi.
Girman wakilan daskararrun suna hawa da sauka sosai. Smallestan ƙaramin nau'in ana wakilta shi da ƙaramin ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfe, wanda tsawon jikinsa ba ya wuce mita kwata tare da fikafiti 50-60 cm, kuma nauyi tsakanin 165 - 170 g.
Banda haka yana wakiltar manya-manyan tsarurruka wadanda suke kama da bayyanar ƙananan albatrosses. Matsakaicin matsakaicin girman jikin manya na babban gilashin dasukayi baya wuce mita, tare da fuka-fukansa mai nisan mita biyu da nauyi a cikin kilogram 4.9-5.0.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Babu shakka duk wakilan manya na abubuwan farauta suna tashi sosai, amma sun banbanta da tsarin jirgin.
Abubuwanda ke tattare da su sune fararen fata, launin toka, launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi, don haka duk nau'in wannan dangin yayi kama da mai sauƙi. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, zai iya zama da wahala matuƙa ga mahalliccin da ba ya cikin kabilanci ya bambanta kansa da wasu nau'ikan.
Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, wahalar rarrabewa shine saboda rashin alamun bayyanar bambancin jima'i a cikin tsuntsu. Paudan tsuntsayen sune masu ƙarancin haɓaka, sabili da haka, don tsayawa akan ƙasa, tudu yana da amfani da fuka-fukansa da kirji azaman tallafi.
Raba nau'ikan dabbobi
Gidan gidan dan tsakani (Prosellariidae) ya kasu gida biyu;. Fullerinae subfamily yana wakilta tsuntsaye tare da tsari mai ƙyalli na jirgin sama. An samo abinci a mafi yawan shimfidar sama, kuma don liyafar da shi tsuntsu ya zauna akan ruwa. Wakilan wannan subfamily ba su dace da ko ba su dace da ruwa ba domin ruwa:
- ƙanƙani kaɗan (Macroesthes),
- wawaye (Fulmarus),
- Antarctic petrel (Thalassois),
- Cape Doves (Dartion),
- danson kankara (ragodroma),
- bakin ciki (Nalobaena),
- tsuntsayen Whale (Raschirtila),
- Kerguelen Typhoon (Lugensa),
- iska mai ƙarfi (PTerodroma),
- Amsar,
- Mascarene typhoon (Pseudobulweria aterrima),
- Magungunan Typhoon (Wulveria).
Tsarin jirgin ruwa na Puffininae yana wakilta tsuntsaye waɗanda ke da yanayin jirgin sama mai shirin tashiwa.
A yayin jirgin, yawan buɗe fikafikansu da sauka kan ruwa. Tsuntsayen wannan inuwar suna iya nutsuwa sosai daga lokacin bazara ko daga wani matsayi:
- lokacin farin ciki-takardar dala (Prosellaria),
- Westland Petrel (Rocellaria ta yamma),
- wani abu mai rikitarwa (Calonestris),
- Gaskiya ta gaske (Ruffinus).
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Duk da bambancin jinsin iri, gida biyu ne kacal a ƙasarmu - fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) da kuma nau'ikan ƙananan gas (Salonstris leucomelas).
Gidan Petrel shine mafi arziki a cikin nau'ikan halittu da dangi mai bambancin mallakar mallakar tubopods.
Habitat, mazauni
Yankunan rarraba da kuma wuraren zama na dabbobi kai tsaye sun dogara da halayen tsuntsu. Stupys sune tsuntsayen ruwan arewa da aka rarraba ko'ina. Ana lura da shimfidar tsuntsaye a Tekun Atlantika a tsibirin arewa maso gabashin Arewacin Amurka, Franz Josef Land na Greenland da Novaya Zemlya, har zuwa iyakar tsibirin Biritaniya, da kuma a tekun Pacific, tsuntsayen tsuntsayen daga Chukotka zuwa tsibirin Aleutian da Kuril.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Thean kurciya sananne ne ga matuƙan jirgin ruwa a kudancin latitude, waɗanda ke bin jirgin ruwan kullun kuma suna ba da sheƙarsu a gabar Antarctica ko tsibirin da ke kewayenta.
Gidauniyar da ake amfani da ita a tsibirin tsibirin Turai da Afirka, kuma ana lura da neshancin tekun Pacific a yankuna daga tsibirin Hawaiian zuwa California. Rean ƙarafan gas na ɗan ƙaramin gida a kan tsibirin Bass Strait, da kuma kusa da Tasmania da kuma gefen tekun Kudancin Australia.
Babban gilashin gari shine mazaunin tekun a cikin kogin kudu. Tsuntsayen wannan nau'in galibi suna da mazauni a yankuna na Kudancin Shetland da Orkney, da kuma tsibiran Malvinas.
Abincin Petrel
Petrels, tare da ƙananan dabbobi, suna ciyar da ƙananan kifayen da kuma nau'ikan kifayen da suke iyo kusa da saman. Kamar yadda ya cancanta, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna yin gajerun ruwa. Babban ɓangaren manyan ƙananan dabbobi suna cinye squid mai yawa. Albatrosses, da kuma wauta da manyan kuɗaɗen abinci suna ciyarwa daga saman ruwa da wuya nutsuwa kuma galibi suna sauka akan ruwa.
A cikin dare, irin waɗannan tsuntsaye suna shirye su ci squids, waɗanda ke haɓaka da yawa zuwa ga ruwa, kuma yayin rana abincin abincin ya dogara da makaranta kifi, datti daga wucewa ta jiragen ruwa ko kowane irin kaya. Manyan dabbobin sune watakila kaɗai wakilan bututun-noses waɗanda za su iya kai hari ga rayuwar matasa mafi ƙarami kuma ku ci tsuntsayen samari.
Kiwo da zuriya
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ƙananan dabbobi suna komawa zuwa wuraren wuraren kiwo da aka sani, koda kuwa suna da nisa sosai.. Yankin gasa mai muni ya kasance a cikin wuraren farauta a cikin manyan yankuna mazaunan mallaka da cunkoson jama'a waɗanda ke kan ƙananan tsibiri.
A yankin gabar teku tsakanin dukkan kiwan kiwo, akwai bukukuwan cike da rikice-rikice, kuma tsuntsayen kansu ba wai kawai suna fada bane, harma suna kuka da dumin dumu-dumu. Wannan halin shi ne irin tsuntsayen da ke ƙoƙarin kare yankinsu.
Siffofin gargajiya na kurannin tsuntsaye suna da wasu bambance-bambance na tabbas tsakanin jinsunan dabbobi daban-daban. Misali, albatrosses sun gwammace su tsabtace farfajiya, sannan kuma gina ƙasa da kuma dasa shuki. Petrels gida kai tsaye a kan leda, har ma a matakin ƙasa, amma mahimmin sashi daga cikinsu, tare da raƙuman ruwa mai ƙarfi, sun sami damar tono burrows na musamman a cikin ƙasa mai taushi ko amfani da fasaɗɗan yanayi na isasshen girman.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Kafin nestling ya bar garinsu, mahaifan biyu sun tashi suyi molt a tekun, inda a lokacin yunwar suke, tsuntsayen da suke birgewa suna yin nauyi.
Maza galibi suna zama a farke a mazaunin na wasu kwanaki, yayin da mace ke ciyar da ruwa ko kuma a je a sake ciyar da su. Ma'aurata masu aure ba sa ciyar da junan su, amma a maimakon haka suna sanya kwai don kwanaki 40-80. Kajin da aka haife su a zamanin farko suna cin abinci masu laushi masu kiba a tsarin halittar halittar ruwa mai narkewa mai narkewa daga sama.
Petrel kajin suna girma sosai da sauri, saboda haka sun balaga da ɗan lokaci, kuma sun sami damar kasancewar iyayensu ba sa kula da su na wasu kwanaki. Speciesananan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan yara sun fara tashi kusan wata daya da rabi bayan haihuwa, kuma nau'in mafi girma suna yin jirgin su na farko a cikin kwanaki 118-120.
Abokan halitta
Baya ga mutanen da ke ziyartar gidaje, tsuntsayen ruwa ba su da abokan gaba. Musamman haɗari shine skuas na Kudancin Kudu, wanda ke lalata kuran tsuntsu kuma zai iya cin kajin mara ƙyalƙyali. Yawancin dabbobi da ke kare kansu daga barazanar suna iya fitar da abubuwan da ke ciki na mai da ɗan nesa nesa.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Tsarin dabbobi na yau da kullun masu dadewa ne, a cikin daji, shekarun irin wannan tsuntsu na iya kai rabin karni ko fiye.
A cikin wasu nau'in, ciki har da cikakke, irin wannan al'ada ko amsawa na tsoro, na iya sauƙaƙe yanayin tashi. Ana fitar da jet na ruwa fetir na kusan mita, tare da cikakken inganci. Abokan halitta na ƙananan tsuntsaye sun haɗa da makiyayi sati, da beraye da kuliyoyi da aka kawo tsibirin.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
A cikin dangi na yau da kullun, wakilai sun bambanta ba kawai a girma ba, amma har da yawan jama'a. Misali, cikakkiyar tsuntsaye suna da yawa. Yawan su a cikin Atlantika ya kai miliyan 3, kuma a tekun Pacific - kusan mutane miliyan 3.9-4.0. Adadin yawan mutanen Antarctic petrel ya bambanta tsakanin miliyan 10-20, kuma yawan daskararren dusar ƙanƙan da ke duniya ya tabbata, yana da kusan miliyan biyu.
Yawan furanni mai launin shudi a tsibirin Kerguelen bai wuce nau'i-nau'i dubu 100-200 ba, kuma a tsibiran Crozet da Prince Edward akwai dubun dubun na wannan nau'in. A bisa doka, an hana farautar ganimar Bahar Rum kawai a Italiya da Faransa, amma ana kuma kiyaye wasu ikon mallakar filayen a tsibirin kusa da Corsica.
A halin yanzu, a cikin category na rare da farauta na iyali Procellariiform hada Balearic shearwater (Ruffinus mauretanisus) Rozovonogy shearwater (Ruffinus sreatorus), Trinidad petrel (Rterodroma arminjoniana) White petrel (Rterodroma alba), The Madeira petrel (Rterodroma Madeira), Hawaiian petrel (Pterodroma sandwichesis) da wasu mutane.
