Gaskiya mai ban mamaki: bisa ga ƙididdigar buƙatun bincike yandex, 6 cikin 7 masu amfani da Intanet sun yi kuskuren shigar da sunan "Tetragame daDon ". Mai karatu, zan ja hankalinka ga gaskiyar cewa rubutun "Tetradon" (ba tare da "o") ba daidai bane. Sunan ƙasa "Tetraodon "(Tetragame dadon) ya fito ne daga kalmomin Girka biyu: tetra - huɗu, odontos - haƙori. Wadancan. Bayani na rarrabe kifi ga wannan halittar shine kasancewar hakora huɗu akan faifai.

Tekuna na cika da kyawawan samfuran namun daji a zurfin zurfin su. Masana kimiyya, masana kimiyyar halitta, masana halittu masu zurfi suna yin aiki tare da gano da kuma nazarin wakilai da dama na samar da kifi. Taken binciken su Tetraodons ne na gidan Hudu. Ana iya samun waɗannan kifayen a cikin ruwa mai kyau na Afirka, Kudancin Amurka, Kudu da Kudu maso Gabas Asiya, kuma godiya ga sakamakon binciken kimiyya a cikin ɗakunan ruwa. Babban halayyar jinsin dukkan mutanen wannan dabi'ar ta hada da karamin-kamar jiki wanda ke karewa da babban kai tare da manyan idanuwa. Kowane ma'aunin kifi yana ƙare da ƙyalli, ƙwai mai kama da gwagwarmaya, kuma ƙashin kansa wanda ba ya nan.

Tetraodon za'a iya kiran shi nau'in nau'in kifayen da ba a sani ba, saboda yanayi ya ba wa waɗannan ƙananan mazaunan ruwa ruwa tare da hanyoyin kariya na mutum mai ban mamaki da halayyar tashin hankali. Dukkanin ayyukan motoci na masu farauta a cikin yanayin yanayin ruwa an sanya su ne don ƙoshin firam na ƙarfi. Tare da taimakonsu, su, kamar mafarauta na ainihi, suna yin tsegumi kan wanda aka azabtar da saurin walƙiya kuma suna tura su ga mutuwa mai raɗaɗi daga faranti mai kaifi da ƙarfi a cikin rami na baka. Wannan ingantaccen tsarin murkushewa yana lalata bawo na oysters, mollusks da katantanwa, naman wanda shine babban abincin halittar. Wadannan wakilan duniyar dabba ba wai kawai suna yin kyakkyawan aiki na rawar maɗaukaki ba, har ma suna kare kansu a kai a kai: sun cika, suna cika jaka na musamman waɗanda ke barin ciki da iska ko ruwa, suna samun bayyanar balbal, sannan kuma suna tsoratar da kifi mafi girma da tsuntsaye. Spanan ƙaramin sikeli, waɗanda suke a cikin wasu nau'ikan kifaye, su ma hanyoyi ne masu inganci na kariya. Abubuwan Tetraodon, glandar jima'i da ovaries suna dauke da guba maras kyau, wanda, lokacin da kifi ya ci shi, yana da lahani a cikin tsarin jijiyoyi da jijiyoyin jini, saboda haka ba a ba da shawarar gwada sa'a ku ci shi.

Ba shi da sauƙi don rarrabe wakilin wani jima'i, bambance-bambance na waje na iya taimakawa, a matsayin mai mulkin, mace tana da jiki mafi girma da ƙasa mai haske. Ya danganta da nau'in halittar, mutane sun yi yawa ta hanyoyi da yawa. Matan wasu sun sanya kwai, kuma namiji yana kara kulawa da su, yayin da wasu kawai ke barin qwai a kasan ko a cikin ruwa.

Ba abin mamaki bane cewa tetraodons sun mamaye kasuwancin su a sashin kasuwancin akwatin kifayen kasuwanci, abin mamaki ne cewa masu binciken kifayen, tunda sun sami waɗannan kifayen, sun sami matsaloli da yawa na adanawa da kiwo. Duk da kyakkyawar bayyanar soya, mutane manya, a mafi yawan lokuta, suna da ha'inci ga juna da sauran nau'in halitta. Wasu tetraodons sune karnukan halitta waɗanda ke cinye kifi mai motsi mai saurin juyawa ta hanyar ɗora ƙusoshin da sikeli.

Wata matsalar ita ce gaskiyar da aka sani da nau'in ruwa mai tsabta, a zahiri, wasu wakilan halittar Tetraodon mazaunan ruwa ne kuma ba za su iya rayuwa kuma su sake haihuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali ba na dogon lokaci.

Koda yake, ra'ayin cewa wadannan kifayen suna da haushi kuma sun sami nasara rayuwa ne kawai a cikin wani nau'in kifaye daban-daban kuma za'a iya la'akari da rashin cancanta. Tsarin halittar Tetraodon ya haɗa da kusan nau'ikan 110 (www.fishbase.org/), waɗanda ke banbanta yanayi da yanayin rayuwa.

Tetraodon steindachneri

Don ƙarin cikakkiyar sifofin halayyar, yana da buƙatar la'akari da wasu tetraodons daban. Mafi yawan wakilan wakilai a kasuwa ana tantance su. (T. Steindachneri ko T. biocellatus) da tetraodon kore, ko Tetraodon fluviatilis.

Sabon bita na Dekkers ya gano cewa mutane a cikin tetraodon sau da yawa ana ba da irin waɗannan sunaye kamar T. biocellatus, Crayracion palembangensis, Tetraodon palembangensis da Tetrodon palembangensis, waɗanda ke da wata ma'ana. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna zaune da ruwa mai kyau na gabar koguna da magudanan ruwa na kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Burma (Myanmar), Thailand, Indonesia da Sumatra. Manuniyar ruwa a cikin yanayi kuma lokacin da aka sa shi a cikin akwatin kifaye suna da waɗannan dabi'u: pH 6.7-7.7 (7.0), 5-15 dH (10), 23-28 ° C.

Tetrodon steindachneri (hoto: www.thepufferforum.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=460).

Waɗannan mutane suna ɗauke da jikin mai kaɗaici tare da manyan goshi da manyan convex idanu. Su fin-caudal fin suna da siffa fan. Fatar ta tabbata kuma an rufe ta da kananan jijiyoyi. Lokacin da tetraodons suka yi kumbura, kashin baya ya fito ta kowane bangare ya sanya kifin "ba makawa." Launin jikin Tetrodon steindachneri yana da dogaro da tsufa kuma ya dace da kowane mutum. Abun ciki fari ne a launi, yayin da inuwar jikinta da kuma girmanta suka bambanta daga haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. An rufe ɓangaren ɓangaren na ɓangaren ɓangaren shuɗi da launin shuɗi, a tsakanin wannnan wurare, layuka, rariyoyi da da'irori za'a iya rarrabe su. Launi na iris ya bambanta da launin rawaya zuwa shuɗi. Yawanci, T. steindachneri yana girma har zuwa cm 10 A lokacin kiwo, mace ta kasance tare da wani yanki mai girman jiki. Ya kamata a sani cewa babu wasu nau'ikan kiwo da aka kamo na jinsin don wannan nau'in; watakila ana yin sa ne ta hanyar misalin tare da nau'in T. nigroviridis.

Wakilan T. steindachneri suna da saurin fushi, marasa haƙuri har ma ga wakilan danginsu, sau da yawa suna yaƙi da ƙoshin kifin mai saurin juyawa. An ba da shawarar ci gaba da kasancewa tare da kifi mai ƙarfi, kamar su bots, barbs, zebrafish, gourami, kifin kifi. A matsayin abinci, zaku iya amfani da katantanwa, tubifex, crustaceans, larvae kwari, earthworms.

Tetraodon muraviatilis

Green, ko kogi, tetraodon (Tetraodon muraviatilis) daga Kudu maso gabas Asiya (Indiya, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar da Borneo. An gyara shi a cikin Mekong Delta). Yawancin lokaci suna zama a cikin kogin kogin kuma a cikin yanki na koguna, yana riƙe kusa da ruwan gishiri. Mutane da yawa suna da launin shuɗi-mai launin rawaya-kore har zuwa tsawon cm 17. A baya da kuma bangarorin akwai filayen zaitun da yawa ko launin ruwan kasa, ciki yana da haske. Suna ciyar da mollusks, crustaceans da sauran invertebrates, kazalika detritus da tsire-tsire na jijiyoyin jini. Lokacin da dama ta taso, ciji da sikelin kifin. Tsokoki da ganuwar gabobin ciki suna da guba sosai. Dangane da al'adar dake tattare da dukkan tetraodons, suna da yawan rikice-rikice da tashin hankali. Haihuwa yakai qwai 700, ba a kiyaye caviar ba.

Green tetraodon yana da rabe-raben abubuwa biyu: Tetraodon fluviatilis fluviatilis da Tetraodon fluviatilis sabahensis (na ƙarshen sunanta ne daga sunan lardin Sabah a arewa maso gabashin Borneo). Dukansu mahaɗan ana rarrabe su ta hanyar siriri daban daban masu gudana a bayan baya.

Sau da yawa, tetraodon kore yana rikice tare da bayyanar da tashin hankali mafi yawan Tetraodon nigroviridis, wanda aka yi wa ado kawai tare da ƙirar launi.

Bidiyo tana kama ɗaliban Tetraodon fluviatilis da Tetraodon nigroviridis. Bambanci akan tsarin launi akan fuska.

Habitat

Endemic zuwa tsibirin Borneo (Kalimantan), kuma ana samun ta ne kawai a arewacin yankin, wanda ya shafi Malaysia, a cikin kwarin kogin Rajang da Sungai. Yana zaune a yankuna tare da jinkiri. Halin mazauninsu yana sanadin yalwar ciyawar ruwa da ciyawar bakin teku.

Bayani a takaice:

Tetraodon nigroviridis

Sake bugun wannan nau'in ba a karancin karatu, mai yiwuwa, zai yuwu ne kawai cikin ruwa mai ƙarfin rai. Maƙeran suna yin yawo da dutse. Bayan haka, maza a duk tsawon lokacin girma na ƙwai a cikin adadin 200-300 guda na kare zuriyar daga waɗanda suke so su ci abincin da magabatansu ke kashewa. Bayan kwanaki 3-8, larvae ya bayyana. Kimanin kwanaki 8 bayan hadi, mazan suna motsa yaran daga cikin ramin na musamman. Ciyar da soya a farko yana gabatar da wasu matsaloli, tun da yake ana soya abinci a abinci. Artemia nauplii sune abincin da yafi dacewa.

Ciyar da yarinyar Tetraodon nigroviridis, 6 ga Fabrairu, 2006, (hoto: Tyler Jones).

Tetraodon nigroviridis ƙwararrun masani ne na kashin kansu. Da zaran wannan kifin ya hango hadarin, ba kawai ya cika kamar balan-balan ba, har ma yana jefa ciki zuwa saman ya hau saman ruwa, yana ganin kamar ya mutu. Don haka, a wasu lokuta ta kan sarrafa don guje wa mutuwa ta zahiri.

Tetraodon lorteti trant

Wani wakilin ruwan ruwan Asiya shine dwarf ko tetraodon ja-eyed, wanda ke da sunan kimiyya Tetraodon lorteti tranttabbatar da bita na 1975. Tartsatsi a cikin Indochina, Indonesia da Malaysia, tana zaune a cikin ƙananan koguna masu gudu masu gudu ko kuma jikin ruwa tare da ruwa mai tsayawa (alamomin ruwa: 24-28 ° C, pH 6.0-7.5, dH 3-10). Kifayen suna ƙanana kaɗan, tsawon jikin mutum ya girma 6 santimita. Mai ikon canza launi dangane da yanayin. Wannan nau'in a fili yana nuna ƙarancin jima'i, mace da namiji galibi ana bayanin su daban-daban. Namiji yana da launuka masu haske, yana da jan ciki, mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da farin iyaka da madaidaicin tsinkaye-kamar tsayi a gefe da ciki, wanda aka samo shi sakamakon matsewar jiki. Mace ta fi talakawa gani-ido.

Dwarf tetraodon (Tetraodon lorteti Tirant). Namiji na hagu, mace a hannun dama (Hoto: www.fishlore.com/aquariummagazine/sept09/red-eye-puffer.htm).

Da wuya a yi asali a cikin yanayin wucin gadi. Nasarar da ta dace tana buƙatar ruwan laushi, ruwan acid (pH 6-6.5) tare da zazzabi na 26-28 ° C da yawan mollusks da katantanwa azaman abinci mai rai. Mace tana sanya qwai da yawa a cikin ruwa ko a kusa da tsire-tsire, bayan haka namiji ya fara fitar da ita daga masarar. A cikin akwatin kifaye, an yi nasarar amfani da gansakuka ɗin ɓarin ɓarnar a cikin Larvae bayyana bayan sa'o'i 30, bayan kwanaki 5-7, da soya fara iyo. Ya kamata a cire masu kera nan da nan daga ƙananan, saboda sun fara ciyar da soya.

Mutanen da suka manyanta a saurin haske suna lalata katantanwa a cikin gidansu, haka kuma suna ciyar da crustaceans da sauran hanyoyin motsa jiki. Babban bambanci mai ban sha'awa tsakanin tetraodone daga wasu nau'in shine cewa ba ya kai hari ga kifayen da ke kusa da nan, amma ya fi cin abinci a kan mollusks.

Tetraodon leiurus

Tetraodon leiurus

Na kowa a cikin Thailand da India, kifi Tetraodon leiurus (Tetraodon fangi) (hoto akan hagu www.zoodrug.ru/topic1536.html) yana da alaƙa da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa, ƙwaƙwalwarta tana da sifar sikandirin kuma tana haɓaka sosai a gaba, manyan idanu suna iya motsawa da kansu. Kusa da ƙwanƙwasa da ƙashin ƙugu, waɗanda suke tare a matakin wutsiya, akwai ƙaramin wuri mai duhu tare da jan cibiyar. Jikin yayi gajere, bai wuce tsawon 6 cm ba. Abun ciki yana da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, yayin da baya mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. A jikin yana tsaye da tsarin zakin launin ruwan zaitun. A lokacin yin tsalle, ƙashin namiji ya sami launin ja. Mace ta fi girma da wuta fiye da namiji. Sun kai ga balaga har shekara biyu. Sigogin ruwa tare da abun ciki: zazzabi 24-26 ° C, dGH 8-16 °, pH 6.8-7.6, salinity 3-5%.

A cikin kwatancin hannun dama, Chonerhinus modestus da Chonerhinus naritus.

A cikin matsakaici da kuma manyan koguna na Kudu maso gabashin Asiya (Thailand, Malaysia da Indonesia), tetraodons suna rayuwa ba tare da alamu akan jikin ba. Wadannan sun hada da Zabi na Zina (Chonerhinus na zamani) da Bronze Chonerin (Chonerhinus naritus).

Gold chonerin yana da jiki mai tsawon rai, launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi a bayan baya, wanda ya zama launi mai haske akan ciki. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da sauri sosai idan aka kwatanta da tetraodons, amma kuma m, wanda dole ne a la'akari lokacin zabar maƙwabta. Suna girma zuwa 11 cm tare da jimlar rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10. Abincin yana kama da tetraodones. Bronze honerin yana kama da zinari, yana da launi na azaba na baya. Dukansu nau'ikan basu yi kiwo a cikin akwatin kifaye ba.

Tetraodon cutcutia

Kutkutia, ko Tetraodon cutcutiaAn yada shi sosai a cikin kwaleji, tafkunan, koguna na Ceylon, Indiya, Burma, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka da Malaysia. Alamar abun ciki na ruwa: zazzabi 23 - 26C, pH: 6.0 - 7.8, dH: 10. Mutane daban-daban sun girma zuwa 15 cm, amma yawanci basu wuce 10 cm ba.

Kutkutia Tetraodon (hoto: www.tsamisaquarium.gr/Selides/Fish/tetraodon_cutcutia.htm).

Babban fasalin nau'in nau'in shine nau'in jima'i: mace yawanci launin rawaya ce, kuma maza masu launin kore ne. Sanannen abu ne cewa a cikin maza, yayin yin huda, wutsiya ta sami launin ja mai haske, wanda ke taimakawa fahimtar jima'in kifin. Spawning faruwa a kan dutse substrate, bayan da namiji kiyaye masonry. Fry ƙyanƙyashe bayan kwanaki 7-10. Rashin daidaituwa da rage cin abinci kamar yadda a cikin mafi yawan mambobin kwayoyin.

Afirka ba ta da wadata sosai a cikin mambobi na dangin Dudu-Tooth, akwai nau'ikan halittu guda uku a can: Tetraodon fahaka (Tetraodon fahaka), tetraodon Mbu (Tetraodon Mbu) da tetraodon mai launin ja (Tetraodon miurus).

Tetraodon fahaka

Tetraodon fahaka, ko Fahak, yana da matukar girma girma: tsawon jikinsa ya kai santimita 40. Tana zaune a wani yanki mai yawa daga yamma na Afirka har zuwa Kogin Nilu, gami da Kogin Nilu, kwari da Chadi, Nijar, Volta, Gambiya, Senegal da Hebe. Valuesimar ruwa: zazzabi 24 - 27 ° C, pH 7.0.
Kogin Tetraodon kifi ne mai tsinkaye, suna son sakawa a cikin ƙasa yayin farauta. Saboda girmanta, ana samun ta a manyan akwatin ruwa. Manya ci abinci na jatan lande, crayfish, da kifi a matsayin abinci.

Kogin Tetraodon. Tsawon 10 cm.

Bayanin

Matan da suka manyanta sun kai tsawon 4-5 cm .. Dimorphism ɗin jima'i yana nuna rauni, maza da mata basu da bambance-bambance na fili. Kifayen suna da ɗumbin ɗumbin mugu da ƙananan ƙyallen. Launin launi launin ruwan kasa tare da farin ciki. A kan kai akwai alamun rawaya waɗanda suke yin fasalin da suke kama da alwatika. Idanun ja.
Kamar kowane puffers, kifayen suna da ƙananan spikes waɗanda ke daidaita jikin duka. Idan akwai haɗari, kifin ya kumbura, ya juya zuwa ƙwal tare da yin amfani da allura. Don haka, Bornean tetradon ya zama ba ƙasa da kyau ga masu hasashen.

Tetraodon mbu

Wata babbar fouran Afirka ta haƙo huɗu ita ce tetraodon mbusuna zaune a tsakiya da ƙananan rafin kogin Zaire. A cikin mazaunin halitta ya kai santimita 75. Mutane daban-daban na wannan nau'in ba su da aiki, suna son tono ramuka a cikin akwatin kifaye, wanda a sa'ilin nan suke kwanciya. Suna ciyar da shrimp, crayfish, da tsutsotsi, kuma wani lokacin suna cin abinci na shuka (karas, letas). Haɗakawa dangane da wasu nau'ikan mutum ɗaya ne ga mutum daban.

Tetraodon MBU (Hoto: www.kugelfischwelt.de).

Tetraodon Mbu ya ci kansa.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Tsarin kayan aiki na baki yayin juyin halitta an canza shi zuwa wani abu kamar beak, ya ƙunshi faranti kashi biyu waɗanda ke girma cikin rayuwa. A dabi'a, kifin yana cin abinci akan katako, bivalves, crustaceans, kamar su katako da shrimps, har da algae, wanda yake fashewa daga saman duwatsu. A cikin akwatin kifayen gida, abincin yakamata ya dace. Idan ciyarwar ba ta da kayan haɗin gwiwa, to ba za a yi “beak” ba kuma wannan na iya haifar da matsaloli tare da cin abinci.

Matsakaicin girman akwatin kifaye na kifi ɗaya yana farawa daga lita 60. Designirƙirar tana amfani da ciyayi mai ɗumbin yawa da kuma matsuguni masu yawa a cikin nau'ikan snags. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa itace na halitta zata kasance kyakkyawan dandamali don haɓakar dabi'ar algae - ƙarin tushen abinci don Borney tetradon. Don ba ruwan sha shahararren inuwa, ana sanya ganyen almond na Indiya ko itacen oak na Turai wanda ke ƙasa. Ganyen ya fara bushewa sannan ya bushe har sai sun fara nitsewa. Kamar yadda yake lalata, tannins da sauran tannins an sake su. Su ne suke ba inuwa da shayi.
Ingantaccen ingancin ruwa yana da goyan bayan tsarin samarda abubuwa masu inganci da kuma hanyoyin kiyaye akwatin ruwa na yau da kullun: tsabtace ƙasa da abubuwan adon, maye gurbin ɓangaren ruwa tare da ruwa mai tsafta, sa ido kan abubuwan haɗari (nitrites, nitrates, da sauransu).

Tetraodon miurus

Tetraodon m, ko Tetraodon miurus, kuma mazaunin kogin Zaire, yana da kamannin kamannin kifin teku, saboda yanayin jikinsa mai laushi. Shugaban wannan tetraodon bashi da girman daidai kuma yana da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na jikinsa. Tsarin irin wannan na Tetraodon miurus shine fasalinsa kuma yana ba da damar ko da ƙwararrun masanan don bambance wakilan wannan nau'in daga sauran tetraodons. Kifin, wanda ba shi da girma a girma (matsakaicin girman jikinsa ya kai 15 cm), galibi yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana riƙe matsayinsa a matsayin maƙiyi. Lokacin da aka ajiye shi cikin akwatin kifaye, ana buƙatar babban ƙasa (6 cm), saboda mutane suna son su yi tono a cikin jiran ganima. A cikin akwati da aka dasa, wannan tetraodon, lokacin da aka binne shi, kansa yayi kama da tsire-tsire mai launin ja. Dangane da yanayin, yana iya canza launi daga ja mai haske zuwa ruwan lemo. Manuniyar ruwa ga nau'in: 24-28 ° C, pH 6.8-7.5, 10-15 ° H.

Tetraodon miurus (hoto: www.free-pet-wallpapers.com/Aquarium-fish-pet-wallpapers/Freshwater-fish/Tetraodon-miurus-Congo-puffer.html).

Tetraodon ya fashe da kuka

Tetraodon ya fashe da kuka (Pellegrin, 1926), a wata hanyar kuma ana kiranta damisa tetraodon, ko sharotel, yana zaune a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ƙorafin Kogin Kongo. Leopard - an ba da wannan kifin ga kifin ruwa mai tsabta saboda wani dalili, saboda wakilan wannan nau'in suna da alaƙar canza launi na kyawawan dabbobi masu ƙoshin riga: gaba dayan jikin an rufe shi da ruwan lemu da baƙar fata. Girman girma lokacin balaga ya kai santimita 10. Su spawning faruwa a cikin babba yadudduka na ruwa. A wannan lokacin, mace na riƙe ƙwai zuwa tsire-tsire masu ruwa, wanda suke nutsewa zuwa ƙasan. Gabaɗaya, talikan yana da zaman lafiya, yana birgima cikin yaƙi kawai lokacin da ya lura da ƙoƙari akan yankin sa.

Leopard tetraodon (hoto: atlas.drpez.org/Tetraodon-schoutedeni-fotos/aaa, Jorge las Heras).

Thearshen ƙasa ta ƙarshe wacce, a cikin vivo, zaku iya lura da wannan kifin mai ban mamaki shine Kudancin Amurka. A nan akwai kifaye masu rai tare da sunan mai ban mamaki na aku pufferfish, ko Colomesus psittacus. Wannan samfurin ya kai santimita 20-30 zuwa tsayi kuma yayi kama da dangi na Asiya, wanda ake kira da Chelonodon patoca.

An ba wa masu binciken kimiyyar Rasha damar ba da damar samar da waɗannan ƙananan kifayen masu lalata ruwa a gida a cikin 1910. A cikin jinsunan 100 na tetraodons da ake dasu a cikin yanayin bauta, kusan 10 suna jin daɗin kamuwa da su .. Kifayen da suke iya rayuwa cikin yanayi da 'yan adam suka ƙirƙira sun hada da Kutkut, kore, damisa da tetraodons na Thai. Masu farawa waɗanda suke son yin kiwon kifi mai tsayi suna buƙatar shirya mazaunin gida don dabbobinsu na nan gaba. Shiryawa na farko zai tabbatar da jin daɗin rayuwar tetraodons da kansu a zaman talala, kuma idan aka basu yanayin isnadin, hakan zai taimaka wajen nisantar da sakamako mara kyau ga wakilan sauran abubuwan da ke rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Akwai da dama da amfani daga kwararru waɗanda ke da bayani game da peculiarities na halayen kowane jinsi a cikin bauta, musamman, asirin kiwo na tetraodon, da kuma shawarwari don kulawa da su.

Babban kuma mahimmancin shirye-shiryen farawa shine zaɓi na akwatin kifaye. Ganin yanayin yanayin tashin hankali na tetraodons, akwatin kifayen wuri shine kyakkyawan wuri don kiyaye su. A irin wannan akwatin kifayen, ba kamar na ado ba, wakilan wasu nau'in ana gundura cikin iyaka mai iyaka. Godiya ga halittar kyawawan yanayi don adana kifin, masu binciken ruwa suna da damar da za su lura da fasalin halayyar su yayin ciyarwa, ba da ma'amala da kulawa da soya. Masu samar da dabara na kayan maye sun sami kyakkyawar hanyar kawar da katantanwa a cikin ruwa mai hade: sun kaddamar da tetraodon ga mazaunan sa na wani dan karamin lokaci. Bayan bukukuwan kifi iri-iri a kan kwanar da suka fi so, suna cire shi kawai daga akwatin kifayen kuma su tattara ɓullar mollusk mara tushe daga ƙasa. Barin tetraodon tare da wasu kifayen na da haɗari na dogon lokaci, saboda bayan lalata katantanwar, kifin ya fara ɓoye ƙashin maƙwabtansu a cikin akwatin kifaye.

Don samar da tetraodons tare da yanayin rayuwa mai kyau, kuna buƙatar sanya ƙaramin garken mutane 8 - 8-10 a cikin babban akwatin kifaye wanda yake da ƙaramar aƙalla lita 100. Resarshen tafki na wucin gadi don tetradons dole ne a sanye shi da duwatsu masu girma dabam-dabam da kuma gine-ginensu daban-daban na su. Wasu wakilan jinsunan suna kwan kwanciya a cikin wadannan sassan dutse. Duk da cewa kwastomomin mu na ruwa basa kiwo da wannan nau'in en masse, har yanzu akwai wuraren kiwo. Kwarewa ya nuna cewa kifayen dabbobi wani wuri ne da yakamata a kiyaye wadannan kananan dabbobin, amma a yanayi guda: yakamata a sami wurare da yawa don kawaicin kowane kifi, irin waɗannan matakan rigakafin zasu taimaka wajen guje wa cin naman mutane. Iirƙiri wurin zama na dabbobi, kar a yi overdo da tsire-tsire, an isa sosai a rarraba su tare da gefan ciki na akwatin kifaye.

A cikin yanayin mazaunin tetraodons, zazzabi ruwa a jikin ruwa shine digiri 22 zuwa 22, bi da bi, ya zama dole a bi wannan tsarin wutar. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da matukar damuwa ga nitrites da ammoniya, saboda haka kuna buƙatar saka idanu a hankali game da tsabtar ruwa. Yana da kyawawa don canza shi kowane mako ta 15-20%. Kada ku cika akwatin kifayen mai laushi ko ruwan gishiri. Zai zama mai daɗi ga kifi, idan kun ƙara gishiri a can a cikin rabo: 1 tablespoon ga kowane lita 10 na ruwa. A cewar masana, ruwan gishiri shi ma don dalilan kariya ne. A cikin mutane masu rayuwa a cikin ɗan gishiri na ɗan gishiri, haɗarin cutar yana raguwa.

A cikin jerin ruwayoyin, mahimman abubuwa masu mahimmanci na tallafi na rayuwa shine tacewa. Mazaunan ruwa suna cinye kariyar, wanda a cikin hanyar da kifin ke sarrafa su shine babban dalilin gurɓar da ruwa. Matsayi na farko a cikin ingantaccen hanyoyin tsarkake ruwa ana kunna carbon. Significantaya daga cikin mahimmancin samar da yanayi don rayuwar tetraodons a cikin bauta an kunna shi ta hanyar hasken akwatin akwatin. Ya kamata ya kasance kusa da hasken halitta kuma a kowane yanayi mai haske.

Iri Pufferfish

Tsakanin puffers, ruwan ruwa da marine an bambanta, ƙarami, kamar ja Tetraodon ko ja, ko babba, kamar pufferfish mai kamanni, ƙaunar zaman lafiya ko m.

Wadanda suke da sha'awar samun kifayen da aka saba dasu, ana bada shawara su kula da nau'ikan:

• Tetraodon fluviatilis (pufferfish kore). Yana da kyakkyawan launi mai rawaya tare da taɓawa kore, bangarorin da baya an yi musu ado da manyan baƙar fata. Kamar kowane kifi mai wutsiya, shi thermophilic (yana zaune cikin ruwa 24-27 ° C). Girman balagagge ya kai cm 10 c pe pe c pe pe pe The

• Tetraodon miurus (launin ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda) - yana da ja, ruwan lemo, yana da duhu duhu akan fatar. Wannan nau'in yana zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsananin ƙarfi kuma yana girma zuwa 15 cm.
• Canthigaster valentini (black-striped) - ana rarrabe ta gaban ba wai kawai tabo bane, har ma da dama raunin duhu a bayan, wutsiya mai rawaya mai haske. Shi ne mai matsakaici m, na iya samun tare da wasu kifi wanda ba zai iya ba laifi. Kamar sauran nau'in, yana son ruwa mai zafi (har zuwa 27˚С).

Star Pufferfish - Arotron

Daya daga cikin wakilan da suka haskaka jinsin su shine nau'in kwaro-mai kama da tauraro. Girman kifin shine 60 cm, matsakaicin shine cm 120. Tsuntsu mai walƙiya mai launin rawaya shine launin rawaya, launin ruwan kasa, ruwan lemo kuma an rufe shi da ƙananan matakai masu fasalin allura. Kifi wani abu ne na abin hawa ga direbobi. Yawancin lokaci Arotron yana ɓoye daga idanun prying a zurfin har zuwa 60 m, saboda haka ba shi da tsoron lura na ɓangare na uku da kyamarori.

Ciyar da abinci

Domin tetraodons kada ku ci danginsu ko makwabta a cikin akwatin kifaye, kada ku ciyar da su da abinci mai bushe, suna gane abincin nama ne kawai. Abin da ya fi dacewa, mai tafasa da yankakken ko yankakken hanta, naman naman za a iya ciyar da shi ta hanyar abinci mai rai: gari da dunƙulen ƙasa, sauro sauro, sabo shrimps, ƙananan kifi. Kada ku manta game da mollusks, waɗanda tetraodons suke ci tare da jin daɗinsu, saboda suna son ba kawai naman katantanwa ba, har ma da cizon ƙwanƙwasa. Ta hanyar tono a cikin kwasfa, tetraodons yana shafe kullun haɓaka hakoran faranti. An lasafta yawan abincin nama gwargwadon girman mazaunin akwatin akwatin.

Amma mafi yawan mazaunan zaman lafiya na kowane kogin ruwa mai ruwa shine damisa tetraodon. Ko da maza, waɗanda bisa ga dabi'arsu suna da ma'anar tsokanar zalunci, don kare dangi, kuma mafi mahimmanci zuriyarsu, ba su da dabi'ar kai hari ga mazaunan akwatin kifayen da ke zaune kusa da su.

Jafanancin pufferfish - sanannen kifin naman barkono

Puffer puffers an dauki mafi guba. Wani suna shine "mutuwar kifi", tunda a cikin kashi 60 cikin dari na gubar wanda aka azabtar ya mutu.

A cewar gourmets, ba za a iya ɗanɗanar daɗin haɗarin haɗari tare da komai ba. Bayan gwada fugue 1 lokaci, akwai wani buri wanda babu makawa sai ya ɗanɗano shi akai-akai. Kudin farantin yana daga 500-1000. e) Yanke wanda aka dogaro dashi kawai ga masu lasisi na cheffis. Don karɓar sa, waɗanda suke son ɗaukar horo na musamman, a ƙarshen ƙarshen jarrabawa suna jiransu: don yanke farce da dafa sashimi. Idan kayi kuskure, kuna buƙatar jira 2 shekaru don sake dawo da jarrabawar.

Guba wata alama ce ta kifi

Cin pufferfish yana da haɗari ga rayuwa. Mafi yawan sassan guba sune hanta, fata, rodi, amma wannan baya nufin cewa naman ba ya da guba. A can ne kuma yake halarta, amma a cikin kananan allurai.

Yana da matukar muhimmanci a dafa muryar

Lokacin da kifi ya shiga ciki, sai ya fara aiki mai ƙarfi na wakilin jijiya. Da farko dai, wanda aka azabtar ya ji rauni na wata gabar jiki, to idanunsa za su kasance cikin wayar kuma suna numfashi.

Nasihun Kula da Gida

Ta hakora hakora da bayyanar mai bayyana, ba abu bane mai wahala ka gane maƙiyin da ke cikin naman aladun. Saboda haka sauran mazaunan akwatin kifaye ba su sha wahala, yana da kyau a sanya bango mai rarrabawa ko a sanya puffer a cikin wani tanki.

Kayan shakatarwa za su ji daɗin zama a cikin akwatin kifaye na girman ƙyalli - kimanin lita 200. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar kulawa da dumama, tunda pufferfish yana kunshe cikin ruwa 23-30˚С.

Don puffer, ingancin ruwa yana da mahimmanci. Wasu nau'in suna rayuwa a cikin ruwan gishiri mai ɗan gishiri. Dole ne pH ya kasance tsakanin 7-8 da tauri daga 2.4 zuwa 5 mEq / L. Don rage taurin kai, zaku iya tafasa ruwa ko tsayawa na kwanaki da yawa kuma magudana kawai saman. Don ƙara taurin - ƙara alli ko magnesium chloride, soda (1 tsp. Z 50 l) zuwa ruwa ko sa ƙasa tare da murjani, ƙwayoyin rapana.

Sandaƙƙarfan yashi ya dace da ƙoshin abinci. Musamman son yin digging a ciki, wanda ake kira "masu zanen gini" don jarabarsu ga ginin da'irori masu ban tsoro a gabar ruwan teku. Don haka, farin da aka hango pufferfish ya ba da gida kuma yana jawo hankalin mata waɗanda suke shirye don ci gaba da asalin ɗan adam tare da ladabi.

Corals an dage farawa a kasan akwatin kifaye

Kuna iya yin ado da mazaunin kifi tare da tsire-tsire masu iyo. Idan aka binne tushen algae a cikin yashi, naman 'yar tsana zai shafe su nan da nan.

Abincin Aquarium

Kifi yana da jaws mai ban tsoro. Hakoransu sun hade cikin faranti guda 4 kuma suna iya cizo har da kayan kamun kifin. Pufferfish kuma ana kiranta "yatsu huɗu" (lat. Tetraodontidae). Mutane daban-daban suna da bakin ciki kuma suna buƙatar ciyarwa akai-akai

Babban abincin ya hada da abinci mai rai, kifin kifi, shrimp, kyanwa, kifin kifi, shinge, kifaye, nama, minced. Lokacin amfani da busassun busasshiyar plankton, dole ne ya fara shafawa. Wani lokaci zaku iya amfani da abinci don maganin herbivores.

Puffer hakora suna girma kullum, don haka m abinci ne mai zama wani ɓangare na niƙa su.

Haƙiƙa mai mahimmanci - kiwo a cikin akwatin kifaye

Don samar da pufferfish a cikin bauta, dole ne a ƙirƙiri yanayi mai mahimmanci:

• sayi akwatin kifayen da ke aƙalla aƙalla lita 100,
• ba wurare da yawa wurare - mafaka,
• ku dasa tsiran tsirrai masu ganye,
• jira lokacin kwanciya qwai.

Da farko, mutane suna taɓa taɓawa juna da sha'awa: yi tafiya a cikin da'irori tare da ƙasan, ciji abokin aikinsu a kunci. Sannan mace ta sanya sama da qwai 300 a kan duwatsu masu laushi, wanda namiji yayi takin. Sannan, dole ne a fitar da mace daga cikin filayen, kuma 'Ya'yan su kasance tare da uba. A hadarin farko, zai kare qwai, kumburi a cikin hanyar ball.

Bayan kwanaki 6-8, larvae zai bayyana, wanda namiji zai canza shi hankali zuwa rami da aka riga aka shirya kuma zai tsare har sai ciyarwar kansu ta fara.

Duk da wahalar haɓaka, kifayen dangin naman alade suna zama mafi akasarin aquarists saboda halayyar sabon abu, masu ba da tsoro. Koyaya, yakamata kada ka kawo sauƙin kifayen zuwa yanayin ƙwalƙwalwar kumbura, saboda wannan zai rage rayuwar dabbar.

Fuffwater Pufferfish

Yawancin nau'ikan suna rayuwa ne a cikin ruwa ko kuma ruwan kogi, amma wasu na iya rayuwa cikin ruwa mai tsarkak .wa. Kimanin nau'ikan 35 ke yin rayuwarsu gaba daya a cikin ruwa mai kyau. Ana samun waɗannan nau'ikan ruwa a cikin yankuna na wurare masu zafi da ke warwatse a Kudancin Amurka (Colomesus asellus), Afirka (jinsunan Tetraodon shida), da kuma kudu maso gabashin Asiya (Auriglobus, Carinotetraodon, Dichotomyctere, Leiodon, da Pao).

Daga waɗanda ke zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsarkak ,wa, waɗannan sune ainihin wakilan halittun puuserfishTetraodon): fahak (T. fahaka) - na rayuwa a cikin kogin Nilu, Niger, Tafkin Chadi, MBU (T. rashin) - Kogin na qarshe da na qarshe na Kogin Kongo, wani nau'in nau'in tsirrai guda bakwai na ruwan tsinkaye suna zaune a cikin ruwa a Yammacin Indies da arewa maso gabashin Kudancin Amurka, ciki har da Amazon. Yawancin abincin tsabtataccen ruwan sha sun zama abin da akafi so ga masu ruwa da tsakin ruwa.

Virulence

Yawancin nau'in dangin pufferfish suna da guba. Ana samun gubobi a fata, peritoneum da wasu gabobin ciki na kifin - hanta, hanji, gonads, caviar. Mafi haɗarin su shine tetrodotoxin, wanda shine mafi ƙanƙancin guba a cikin wakili na jijiya. Idan ta shiga narkewa, tana haifar da zafin rai, raɗaɗi kuma akasari yakan kai ga mutuwa.

Bayanin farko na alamun cutar guba da tetrodotoxin an ba shi a cikin littafin tarihinsa daga mai binciken Ingilishi James Cook. Nan asalin Sabon Caledonia sun ciyar da Kifi mai dafaffen kifi da wasu masu ba da halitta a matsayin ɗayan balaguronsa:

Cin hanta da madara ne kaɗai akan tebur, wanda ni da Forster ɗin muka taɓa taɓawa. Da misalin karfe uku ko hudu na safe mun ji rauni wanda ba a bayyana ba a cikin dukkan wata gabar jiki, tare da jin cewa hannayenmu da kafafunmu, da suka lankwashe cikin sanyi, nan da nan suka fada wuta. "Na rigaya na ji kusan komai ba kuma har ma na rasa ikon auna nauyin jikin: wani bututun ruwa da ke da iko ɗaya da kuma alkalami ya yi kama da nauyi a hannuna."

Masana kimiyyar zamani sun gano cewa kifin mallakar jinsin ne Pleuranacanthus seleratus Gidan puffer hakora.

Cutar Kifi

Babu matsalolin kiwon lafiya a cikin tsararren yanayin halittar cikin ruwa tare da sigogin ruwa masu dacewa. Cututtuka na faruwa lokacin da yanayin yayi gaba. Bugu da kari, abincin da bashi da kayan kwalliya zai iya haifar da wuce gona da iri na "beak", wanda a cikin yanayin da yake saba sanya sanyi a kan bawo na mollusks. Don ƙarin bayani game da alamu da magani, duba sassan Cututtukan Kifi na Aquarium.