Baƙi Willow ƙaƙƙarfan fata ne mai walƙiya, wanda aka san shi da ciyar da yawancin lokacinta a rawanin bishiyoyi. Saboda haka, idan zaka je kalli wanan nau'in, yana da ma'ana ya tara jari.
Sunan kimiyya na wannan malam buɗe ido shine Apatura iris, nasa ne a gidan Nymphalidae.
Yaya ambaliyar take yi? Hoto da bayanin
Baƙi Willow - manyan ƙwallan buɗe ido, fikafikan su shine 7.5-8.4 cm. Yana da sauƙi a gane maza ta fuka-fuki-mai launin shuɗi. Flakes na gani yana ba da wannan launi, kuma launi ya dogara da kusurwar abin da ya faru na haske. Kuna iya ganin wannan kyakkyawa kawai a rana mai faɗi da kuma wani kwana.
Butterfly willow maza masu son barkono suna ƙauna suna kira "ɗaukakarsa."
Mace matafiya ta ƙaura willow (a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa) suna da fuka-fuki masu launin shuɗi. Duka jinsi suna da fararen fata da idanu masu duhu da ke kewaye da iyakar Orange akan manya da ƙananan bangarorin fuka-fukan. Mace sun ɗan girma fiye da maza.
Habitat, mazauni. A ina kuma yaushe za a gan willow?
Mallaka ne aka rarraba galibi a cikin itacen oak na Kudancin Ingila. Ana samunsa a Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, China, Japan, Korea da kuma a arewa maso yamma na Kazakhstan. Duk da yanayin bayyanarsa, ana iya gani a Rasha - a cikin ɓangarorin tsakiya da na kudu, kazalika a cikin yankin Terimorsky.
Ambaliyar ruwa na rayuwa ne a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu cike da tsiro da kuma gauraye, tare da bankunan jikin ruwa. A mazauninsu, kasancewar itatuwan Willow, ganyen da yayansu ke ciyar da su, harma da dogayen bishi wanda bishiyoyinsu ke rayuwa, ya zama tilas.
Kuna iya ganin willows a cikin Yuli-Agusta. Yawancin lokaci sukan tashi a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi, kawai kusa da maraice maza ke sauka zuwa wurin ruwa. A wannan lokacin, sun zama basu da hankali, basu damar kusancin nesa, don ku iya amintar da yadda suke zama a gefen gefan dabbobin ko kan hanyoyi masu rikitarwa. Bugu da kari, masoya malam buɗe ido sun san cewa lalata da maza na iya zama kyawawan abubuwa na lalata, alal misali, ayaba banana.
Gabaɗaya, Dole ne in faɗi cewa abubuwan da suke ɗanɗano su baƙon abu bane: baƙi suna ƙaunar haɓakar dabbobi da ɗaukar kaya. Masu tara kaya wani lokacin ma sukanyi amfani da waɗannan "kayan" don jawo maza.
Suna kuma cin zuma raɓa wanda aphids ke ɓoyewa, wasu lokutan ma ana iya ganin mace a jikin kututturen bishiya, inda suke shan ruwan tsiro.
Ta yaya ƙaura daga ƙaura?
A watan Yuli, maza kan taru a rawanin bishiyoyi mafi tsayi (galibi itacen oak, wani lokacin beech da conifers) a cikin tsammanin mata. Itatuwan bishiyoyi suna amfani da su daga shekara zuwa shekara. Mata suna yin jima'i da namiji, ko kuma su faɗi ƙasa a matsayin alama cewa sun riga sun yi aure.
Moth qwai ne dage farawa a kan babba gefen ganyen bishiyoyi. Yawancin lokaci shine saƙar willow (Salix caprea) ko willow mai launin toka (S. cinerea), brittle willow (S. fragilis) ba a cika amfani dashi. Girman bishiyoyi na iya bambanta: daga tsintsiya madaidaiciya zuwa ga bishiyoyi masu tsayi tare da alfarwa. Hatched larvae suna da kyau kamewa.
Caterpillars na Willow shrimp Willow mai haske mai haske tare da launin rawaya da layin diagonal a gefunan. Suna da shahararrun bala'o'i na kawunansu.
Ka lura da su, ba mai sauƙin sauƙi ba ne: suna kusan gamawa da ɗan itacen fure. A ƙarshen kaka, sun sami damar yin molt sau biyu, suna canza launi zuwa launin ruwan kasa, suna jujjuya kansu yanzu kamar rassan danda. Masarautan sun mamaye cokali a kan rassan bishiyoyin, kuma a watan Yuni. A cikin nau'i na chrysalis pup, suna rayuwa na makonni 2-3.
Dalilin bacewar malam buɗe ido
Waɗannan ɗumbin daskararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu karɓa na zamanin Victoria sun kasance (1837-1901). Sannan an lalata yawancin ofan hijira.
A cikin karni na 20, yawan ire-iren willow dake mamaye kasashe ya ci gaba da raguwa akai-akai, kuma dalilai irin su lalacewar gandun daji, ginin hanya, da lalata lalacewar muhalli gaba daya. Yawancin kwari sun mutu sakamakon cututtukan magungunan kashe qwari da ake amfani da su wurin sarrafa filayen.
A yau, a wasu ƙasashe, an jera wannan malam buɗe ido a cikin Littafin Ruwa (Jamus, Sweden, Ukraine, Latvia, Moscow, Smolensk da Vologda na Rasha).
Bayyanar
Gashin fuka-fukin zai iya kai cm 8. Gefen waje na reshe yana baki tare da launin ruwan kasa. A cikin maza, ana lura da farin launi mai launin shuɗi. A reshen gaba akwai fararen fari, a fuka-fukan hular akwai fikin launi iri ɗaya da fatar ido a cikin launin rawaya mai duhu. Cikin fuka-fukan yana da launin toka ko launin toka mai duhu. Gashinan launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka ne, baki ko fari aibobi. Ana lura da bambanci mai ƙarfi. Ana bayyana bambance-bambancen jima'i. Mata sun fi girma. Maza suna da launi mai haske.
Habitat
An samo samfuran Willow na Tsarin Willow a Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, a Tsakiya da Kudancin Rasha, a yankin arewa maso yammacin Kazakhstan, a yawancin China, ko'ina cikin yankin Amur. Yawancin mutane suna zaune a Japan, Korea da Primorye.
A Rasha, mafi yawan lokuta ana samun wuraren zubar da ruwa:
- Kudancin Urals,
- Yammacin Siberiya
- Yankin Transbaikalia,
- yankin kusa da tsaunukan Carpathian,
- Tsakiyar Volga.
Ya fi so ya zauna a cikin gandun daji iri daban-daban, kusa da jikin ruwa. Wasu ƙananan talla suna rayuwa a nisan mil 1,500 sama da matakin teku a tsaunukan Carpathian. Babban yanayin rayuwa shine babban zafi. Ana buƙata don cikakken haɓaka da haɓakar caterpillars. A cikin yanayin zafi da rana, an lura da babban tara kuzari a kusa da koguna da tabkuna.
Matakan ci gaba da haihuwa
Maƙasudin halittar wannan nau'in ya fi son sanya ƙwai a waje da tsire-tsire da suke ci. Mutane da yawa suna haɓaka a cikin ƙarni ɗaya.
A cikin nau'i na masara, Willow Overfill yana faruwa tsakanin Agusta da Yuni. Jikin caterpillar kore ne mai ratsin rawaya da dige. Akwai gajerun fuka-fukai masu shuɗi guda 2 a kan kai, da kuma matakai biyu masu launin shuɗi a ƙarshen ƙarshen.
Mace lays 2 mai haske kore qwai. Ana haihuwar tsutsa bayan kwanaki 8-10. Overwintering mutum a cikin mata caterpillar mataki. A cikin nau'in pupa, malam buɗe ido malam buɗe ido yana zaune mako biyu ko uku.
Demeanor
Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya samun Tsarin Willow daga farkon Yuni zuwa ƙarshen Yuli. Maza suna tashi cikin garken a gefuna da hanyoyi, kusa da koguna da manyan dabbobin ruwa, a kan dabbobin dabbobi. Mace sun fi so su ɓoye a cikin ciyawa masu tsayi da tarin ganye. Kadai bishiyoyi ne kawai ke iya jawo su. Mutane daban-daban suna so su shirya cikin garken tare da wasu nau'in. Willow bedworm yana da kunya sosai kuma yana da hankali lokacin da yake tashi.
Yana ciyar da kan akuya, eared, ashy da sauran nau'in willows. Hakanan Yana son Aspen. Makarfi ya hadiye ganye ba tare da taɓa jijiyoyin jiki ba. Halittu masu samar da bishiyoyi suna ciyar da ciyawar irin tsire-tsire iri ɗaya tare da taimakon proboscis, wanda bayan cin abinci, ya juye zuwa karkace.
Inwayar halittu
An haɗa ƙaura daga cikin inaura a cikin littafin Red na ƙasashe da yawa: Rasha (Moscow da yankin Smolensk), Ukraine, Latvia, Jamus da Sweden.
Yalwa da Butaruwar Overaruwa tana raguwa koyaushe. Babban mahimmanci shine tsoma bakin mutum. Yankunan yankuna na gandun daji an sare su, tsarin nau'in mazaunin yana canzawa, ana amfani da magungunan kashe kwari. Duk wannan yana canza bangaren muhalli.
Bayanan Ban sha'awa
- Maza a kan reshen gaba suna da flakes waɗanda ke fitar da iskar gas mai daɗi don jawo hankalin mata.
- Manufa ko kuma karin ƙarfe a jikin fikafikan maza ba sakamakon alamu bane. Kuna iya ganin wannan kyakkyawan sakamako kawai a cikin yanayin rana da kuma takamaiman kusurwa. Haske mai haske yana taimaka wa maza su yaudare maƙiyansu da ɓoye musu.
- Maƙubba ruwa a cikin itacen kwando A wannan lokacin, launin jikin yana samun launin ruwan hoda, wanda godiya ne wanda kwari ne da kyau. Da zaran lokacin bazara ya zo da zafi ya zo, mahaifa ta sake samun koren launi mai haske.
Bayanin
Wingspan har zuwa 60 - 80 mm. A saman ɓangaren fikafikan baƙar fata-launin ruwan kasa, a cikin namiji mai launin shuɗi mai haske, a cikin mace yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ba tare da tint tare da gefen haske ba. An ƙirƙiri kwarara ba tare da launi mai launin shuɗi ba, amma tare da launuka masu tsari, waɗanda ke haifar da hakan ta hanyar ɗaukar hoto mai launin shuɗi na gilashin haske. Mata sun fi maza girma.
Fuskoki na gaba tare da fararen fata (wani lokacin ɓoye), fuka-fukan hular baki tare da fararen wakar mediya da duhu mai duhu wanda ke da iyaka da bakin iyaka (a wasu lokutan ana samun iri ɗaya a cikin ɓangaren bayan fitsari na baya). Bandungiyoyin mediya a saman reshen hular daga sama yana ba da haƙoran haƙora na haƙoran zuwa gefen. Babu ƙararrakin ƙarshen da aka gama a saman. Daga cikin fikafikan fuka-fuki mai launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, tare da filayen launin shuɗi, baki da fari aibobi da ƙananan launin toka-kore da yanki mai faɗi. Daga kasan fikafikan hind, ocellus a kusurwar tsinkaye a bayyane yake, tare da jan shudi. Fikafikan gaba na gaba ba tare da babban hutu tare da gefen waje ba.
Yankin gargajiya: Jamus da Ingila.
Lokacin bazara
Kowane wuri yana tasowa a cikin ƙarni ɗaya. Lokacin tashi daga tsakiyar watan Yuni zuwa farkon watan Agusta. Tana tashi a cikin daɗewar daɓarkewar ruwa mai rikitarwa da rikice-rikice (galibi itacen oak da Willow). A cikin tsaunuka ya hau zuwa 1,500 m sama da matakin teku. Aka rarraba gida. A cikin shekarun da suka fi dacewa sun fi yawa.
Maza tashi tare da gefuna da hanyoyi na gandun daji, sau da yawa suna samar da gungu tare gefen bankunan tsikuna, koguna. Da gangan tashi zuwa excrement na manyan dabbobi, m gawayi, gumi mutum - daga abin da suke cire danshi da kuma dole ma'adin salts. Mata suna jagorancin ɓoyewar rayuwa, mafi yawan lokacin ana adana su a saman bishiyoyi, inda za'a gan su akan fitar ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Ilimin halitta
Ana sanya ƙwai ɗaya daban-daban a saman ɓangaren ganyen ganyayyaki.
Harshen Caterpillar daga watan Agusta zuwa Yuni. Mai cin nasara a cikin ruwa. Maballin fure mai launin shuɗi tare da ratsin rawaya da ƙananan rawaya, a kai akwai madaukai biyu masu launin shuɗi, kuma a ɓangaren furo akwai shawarwari biyu masu ja.
Ciyar da tsire-tsire - goat tsintsiya (Salix caprea), eraw Willow (Salix aurita), ash willow (Sinex cinerea) da sauran nau'in willow, da Aspen. Kwakwalwar tana ciyarwa a saman ganyen, yana barin babbar jijiya a ciki.
Pupa haske ne, mai launin kore-kore tare da kananan tukwici biyu a kansa, rataye akan rassan ko ganyayyaki, yayi girma na makonni 2-3.
Bayanan Tsaro
An haɗa nau'in a cikin Red Littattafai: Ukraine (2 rukuni), Latvia (1998) (2 rukuni), Smolensk (1997) (rukuni 2), Moscow (1998) (3 rukuni), Vologda (2006) (3 rukuni) yankuna na Rasha, Gabas ta Fennoscandia (1998), Jamus (rukuni na 4), Sweden (rukuni na 3).
Iyakan dalilai: lalata biotopes (lalata gandun daji na halitta, canje-canje a tsarin halittar gandun daji, birni), yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da kuma lalacewar yanayin yanayin halittu cikin mazaunun halitta.
Dalilin bacewar kwararar bakin haure
Laifin lalacewar jama'a ya haifar da masu tattara. Baƙi na Willow sun kasance masu daraja a cikin masu tattarawar zamanin Victoria. A wannan lokacin, an ƙare ɗumbin yawaitar daskararre.
Wadannan 'yan kwayayen kwari suna da karancin kwari a duniya.
Yawan masu ƙaura daga Willow yana raguwa saboda asarar mazauninsu. Waɗannan baƙin ƙarfe suna rayuwa cikin takamaiman yanayi, kuma mutanen da suke gina hanyoyi, gidaje da sare gandun daji suna lalata waɗannan yanayin.
Maƙasudin Balaguzai na mutuwa saboda mazauna.
Sansanonin bakin haure wadanda ke rayuwa a nesa nesa suna nesa da junan su, saboda haka, idan wani yanki guda biyu ya mutu, to ashe ba a sane yake ba.
Yawan kwaroron burodi suna mutu sakamakon cutar sinadarai da mutane ke noma filayen, kuma sun fada cikin mazaunan ambaliyar ruwa suna lalata su.
Yawancin masu ƙaura suna mutuwa daga sunadarai.
Ta yaya za a iya taimakawa kiyaye yawan ambaliya a duniyar?
Taimaka kiyaye mazaunin waɗannan keɓaɓɓe na dusar ƙanƙara. Domin willow topple don daidaitawa da sabon fauna, ana buƙatar lokaci mai yawa da ƙoƙari. Yawancin wuraren ajiyar halitta suna da rukunin masu ba da agaji, duk wanda ke son taimakawa baƙi zai iya tuntuɓar Hukumar Kula da Kayan Lamuni ko kuma shiga cikin unteungiyar Masu Ba da agaji ta Burtaniya.
Willow yana zub da ruwa yana iya ɓacewa gaba ɗaya daga Duniyar idan ba a taimake su ba.
Yakamata kowa ya fahimci cewa abu ne mai wuya a rinka lalata buhunan gida, gami da kwararar bakin haure. Wajibi ne don kare willows, waɗanda suke gida ga wannan nau'in mafi wuya.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Yaɗa
Rarraba a Turai, sashen Turai na Rasha, kudu da Urals da Yammacin Siber, Yankin Amur, Primorye, China, Korea.
A cikin yankin Saratov, yana faruwa a cikin gida duk yankin dajin-steppe. Iyakokin kudu na ɓangaren Turai na kewayon wannan nau'in Yuro-Asiya sun ratsa yankin. A cikin gundumar Rtishchevsky, an nuna alama a kan hanya tsakanin ƙauyukan Vladykino da Iznair.
Halaye da salon rayuwa
An danganta nau'in halittar halittun gandun daji tare da isasshen danshi, wanda ya isa ga cigaban caterpillars. Ya fi son a zauna a cikin ƙananan lamuran tuddai da kan tuddai, amma a cikin tsaunukan da wuya sa yakan hau sama da 1300 m sama da matakin teku. A cikin kwanakin rana mai zafi, ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwar fata sun fi son zama kusa da tafkunan, dabbobin ruwa, koguna. Da son rai ya zauna akan manyan hanyoyin daji mai fadada, inda yake sha daga potholes, akan datti na hanyoyin daji, a gefen gandun daji, akan bishiyoyin ruwan da ke gudana.
Haɓakawa a cikin ƙarni ɗaya. Maƙallin jirgin sama a cikin Yuni - Yuli. Mazauna suna da kunya da kulawa, amma masu lalata kwalayen ruwa suna rasa kulawarsu ta yau da kullun. Maza sun fi na mata yawa.
Yayinda suke kwanciya ƙwai, matan suna riƙe da rawanin bishiyoyi masu tsayi, suna ɗaure ƙwayayen a cikin ganyen Willows.
Kwakwalwa suna ciyar da tsirrai - nau'ikan nau'ikan Willows (Salix alba, Salix caprea, Salix rosmarinifolia), Aspen (Populus tremula), wani lokacin poplars (Populus alba, Populus nigra) Tsuntsu mai tsufa na tsakiyar, bayan molt na biyu, a cikin kwandon shara akan ganye ko ganye, yana ƙoƙarin kusanci da koda. Matsayin dalibi yana makonni 2-3, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya faɗi a kan Mayu.