Dabbar da ake kira ginger panda dabba ce mai kyau. Kada ku yarda da ni - kalli hoto! Mun shirya muku duka mafi ban sha'awa game da gnan panda, fara da kwatanci da tarihi na gano nau'ikan halittar ...
A tsarin rarrabuwa na duniyar dabba, wannan nau'in na gidan panda ne, asalin halittar Panda. Za a iya ba da labarin mai ban sha'awa da yawa game da tarihin binciken wannan dabbar. A karo na farko, an gano bayanai game da launin ja a cikin rubuce-rubucen Sinawa na karni na sha uku, amma a Turai sun koya game da wanzuwar dabbar dabba mai ban mamaki kawai a ƙarni na 19.
Babban mahimmancin gano abu mai ban mamaki ga dabba Turai mai tambaya, kamar babban abin wasan yara mai kwalliya, nasa ne ga janar na Ingila Thomas Hardwick. Mutumin soja mai ilimi, yana bincika masarautun Ingilishi a cikin 1821, ya tattara abin dogara game da jahar panda har ma ya ba da suna na musamman. “Hha” (wha) - wannan shi ne abin da Sinawa suke kira dabbar, kuma wannan lakabin ya dogara da kwaikwayon sautikan da wannan “hha” ya yi.
Panarancin Panda (Ailurus fulgens).
Koyaya, akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka don yin shelan, Sinawa a cewar janar, sun kira ta "punya" (poonya) ko "han-ho" (hun-ho). Amma labarin abin mamakin ne mai ban tausayi, kuma mai binciken mai gidan ya tafi wurin masanin ilimin adabin Faransa Frederic Cuvier, wanda ke gaba da janar na soja, yayin da yake sanya abubuwa cikin tsari a masarautar da aka mallaka. Rubuce-rubucen masanin tuni sun fito da ingantaccen sunan kimiyya, kamar yadda masana kimiyyar halitta suka yarda da shi, a Latin Ailurus fulgens, wanda ke nufin "cat mai haske".
Britishan Ingila suna ƙoƙarin yin zanga-zangar adawa da irin wannan dabarar da ba a zata ba, amma an riga an yi maganar, kuma ta hanyar duk ka'idodin da ba za a iya watsi da su ba. Dukkanin masanan sunyi la'akari da sunan Latin, kuma ya gagara canza shi. Kuma fifiko a cikin gano sabon nau'in dabba ya zauna tare da masanin kimiyya wanda ya gabatar da sabon sunan Latin. Janar na Ingila ya kasance tare da sha'awar sa.
Akwai rashi guda biyu na ƙarami, ko ja, panda.
Masanin ilimin dabbobi na Miles Roberts bai damu sosai game da Hardwick ba, kuma bai rasa damar da za a nuna cewa sunan da masanin Faransa ya ba shi ya fi dacewa da kyau da jan pamda. Kalmomin karin magana “mai haske”, “mai haske” yana da irin bayyanar da wannan kyakkyawan dabba fiye da “hha” mara samaniya. Frederic Cuvier ya yaba wa jajaran janda kuma ya yi rubutu game da ita "kyakkyawa ce, daya daga cikin mafi kyawun kafa hudu." Tabbas, sabon suna ya yi daidai da fitowar janda, kuma yana daɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗɗiyar fasaha ga ƙimar Turai, ba kamar wasu 'yan China ba, kamar dai izgili da dabbar dabba mai baƙar fata a cikin babbar gashin Jawo.
Mahalli game da ja Panda.
Hatta mabiya Janar Hardwick ba su goyi bayan kirkirar burin sa ba. Sun fi son wani suna na Sinanci - “poonya”, wanda cikin sauri ya samo asali a tsakanin 'yan ra'ayoyin halitta, ya zama yaɗuwa, ya juya zuwa matsayin panda. Dukkanin masanan kimiyyar zamani a cikin ayyukan kimiyya suna amfani da wannan suna.
An gano jan panda a rabin na biyu na karni na 19.
Bajamushe Bafaranshe Pierre Armand David a cikin 1869, yayin da yake wa’azi a China kuma a lokaci guda bincika masarautar wannan ƙasar, ya yi rubutu game da sabon dabba mai tsinkaye mai kama da tsarin haƙoran haƙora kuma suna rayuwa a gandun daji. Dangane da wadannan alamun, an fara kiran dabbobi biyun pandas. Dabban da ya fi girma shi ake kira "babban panda", kuma nau'in na biyu, wanda karami yake da girmansa, ya zama sananne da "ƙaramin ja ko ja."
Saurari muryar ƙaramar panda
Na dogon lokaci, masana kimiyya sun yi shakkar alakar dangi da sauran dabbobi masu tsinkaye. Wadansu sun dauki pandas bears, yayin da wasu masanan halittu suka sanya su a rukuni daya kamar su rakons. Kuma kawai gwaje-gwaje na kwayoyin sun tabbatar da dangi tare da bears. Aboki mafi kusanci da babban panda shine shahararren beyar, wanda ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka. Kuma dangin jannda ya zama a gani. A bayyanar, ba ta yi kama da babban panda ba. A yayin binciken rabe-raben kayan tarihi, masana kimiyya sun gano hujjoji cewa karamin panda shine dangi mai nisa na girman sunan sa. Kakanninsu na yau da kullun sun kasance miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata a cikin Eurasia.
Ja janda karamar dabba ce.
An samo ragowar dabbar dabbar da ake dasu a yawancin sassan duniya, daga gabashin China har zuwa yammacin Ingila. Bugu da kari, akwai shaidu da cewa kananan pandas sun rayu a Arewacin Amurka a jihohin Tennessee da Washington na zamani. Mai yiwuwa wannan sabon tsarin tallafin ja ne da ke zaune a Miocene.
Har zuwa kwanan nan, an yi tattaunawa da yawa game da alaƙar panda zuwa rarrabuwa.
A wannan tattaunawa game da rarrabuwar pandas tayi rauni. Amma sababbin tambayoyi sun tashi wanda ya faranta zuciyar masu ilimin halitta. Babu wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin yin bincike dalla-dalla game da halayen pandas a cikin mazauninsu na asali. Ba a lura da su ba kawai a cikin wuraren shan dabbobi, kuma ba da daɗewa ba sun kula da ja-Panda. Tsawon jikin dabbar shine santimita 51-64, dogayen wutsiya mai sanyin jiki da ratsin duhu ya kai cm 28-48. Mace tayi nauyi 4.2 - 6 kg, maza 3.7 - 6.2 kg.
Red pandas ji mai girma a kan itatuwa.
Ana saka furen Panda fur a cikin sautunan launin ja, mai duhu a ƙasa, tare da launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka. Takalmin gajeriyar fuska da gefuna kunnuwa da aka yi fari, fari ne, an rufe maski a kusa da idanun, suna ba da kamannin waje zuwa raccoon. Wannan tsarin ya sha bamban da kowane nau'in panda. Wannan launi mai launi yana taimakawa dabba don kamara ta baya da gandun itacen da aka rufe da lasisi da mosses.
Tare da taimakon gajeru masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi tare da fulogen dako-mai sassauya, panda sauƙaƙe yana jujjuya bishiyun bishiyoyi don neman wurin da babu shi. Dabbar tana jagorantar rayuwarsa ta sirri, da rana tana boyewa a cikin wani rami, ta rikice ta rufe kayanta da wutsiya mai sheki. Yana tafiya sosai talauci a ƙasa kuma idan akwai haɗari nan da nan ya hau cikin itace. Dabba tana kulawa da dusar kanwarta a hankali, bayan kowane abinci, Panda panda tayi haƙuri da kyakkyawan furfanta tana buɗe hanci.
Karamin Panda Styana.
Dabbobin suna zaune a Kudu maso Yammacin China, Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan da kuma a arewa maso gabashin Indiya. Tana manne da wuraren tsaunin da ke nisan mil 2000 - 4800 a saman teku. Akwai ƙananan fannoni guda biyu na ƙaramin panda: ƙaramin (ja) panda Stayana (Ailurus fulgens) ana samu a gabas ko arewa maso gabashin kudancin China da arewacin Myanmar, ƙananan ƙananan pan (ja) panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens) suna zaune a yammacin Nepal da Bhutan.
Yarancin Yankin Yammacin Turai.
Karamin panda Styana an rufe shi da furfina mai duhu kuma yayi girma babba, inuwar rigan ta sha bamban sosai tsakanin jinsunan, saboda haka zaku iya samun dabbobin da launin ruwan su ya fi yawa launin shuɗi. Yanayin da ke cikin mazaunun jajayen panda suna da kyau, saboda haka gashin da ke Jawo yakan taimaka wa jure irin wannan mazaunin. Lokacin sanyi da damuna a cikin wadannan yankuna na duniya sun banbanta da adadin hazo, amma babu saukin yanayi a yanayin zafin jiki a cikin shekarar. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine tsakanin digiri 10-25, hazo shine 3500 mm a shekara. Rashin ruwa, ciyawa da ruwan sama na taimaka wa ci gaban ciyayi, wanda ya kasance dogayen tsari daga idanuwan matafiya.
Pandas ja baya son kulawa ta kusa.
Dazuzzuka da suke cikin ja panda rayuwarsu wani nau'in cakudare ne, ana yin firgici a cikinsu, amma nau'in bishiyoyi masu ƙyalli suma sun girma, gindin zama shine rhododendron kuma abincin da aka fi so da pandas shine ɓoyayyiyar itace. Kodayake panda na dabbobi ne masu tsinkaye kuma yana da halayyar tsarin dabbobi na wannan tsari, kashi 95% na abincin yana dauke da ganyayyaki da harbe. Irin wannan abincin yana ba da ƙarancin makamashi mai mahimmanci ga rayuwa, don haka jan panda ya mamaye ganye tare da ƙoshin abinci mai yawa, yayin rana yana cin kilogiram 1.5-4 na ganye da harbe. Abun dabbar tana da ƙarancin narkewar ƙwayar zarra, don haka panda ta zaɓi ƙarami da mafi yawan sassan tsire-tsire masu laushi.
Little panda yayin hutawa.
A cikin hunturu, lokacin da bamboo ba ya yin sabon harbe, yakan bambanta abincin da yake ci tare da ƙwayayen tsuntsaye, kwari, ƙanana, da kuma berries. In ba haka ba, rashin abinci mai gina jiki yana shafar ayyukan da lafiyar dabba mai ƙaddara. A cikin mazaunin halitta, jan pandas yana rayuwa daga shekaru 8 zuwa 15. Yayinda suke tattaunawa da juna, dabbobi suna yin saurin kararrawa, suna kawo wutsiya mai ban mamaki, sunkuyar da kawunansu kuma suna motsa juji. Lokacin kiwo shine a watan Janairu, a wanne lokaci nau'i nau'i. Haɓakar tayi ne kwana 50, kodayake tsawon kwana 90-145 zai wuce tsakanin dabbar ta haihu da haihuwa. Kawai ci gaban tayin ba shi da jinkiri, kuma wannan lokacin ne ake kira kwararru diapause.
Dukkan mace suna kulawa da zuriya, da wuya maza su shiga wannan mawuyacin tsari da tsayi. Amma a wannan yanayin, banda mai yiwuwa ne lokacin da ya shafi dangi mai dangantaka ta dindindin. Cubs suna bayyana a cikin gida, wanda layi na mace tare da ganye da rassa kafin farkon haihuwa, yawanci yana cikin rami na itace ko a cikin matsewar tsakanin duwatsun.
Pan pandas an haife su marasa taimako, idanunsu a rufe. Darajansu shine gram 100 kawai, kuma launi ya yi yawa a ciki idan aka kwatanta da canza launin dabbobi manya, beige. Jajaran janda tana haihuwar offspringan offspringan, galibi jarirai 1-2 ne a cikin dangin ta, idan kuma aka sami ƙarin haihuwa 3 ko 4, to ɗayan ne kawai zai tsira zuwa balaga.
Panan panda.
Abu ne mai wahala ga dabbobin da basa cin abinci mai bambancin yawa don ciyar da adadin 'ya' yansu. A wannan yanayin, zabin yanayi ya fara aiki kuma yana barin ƙarami mafi ƙarfi, mai ikon samar da ƙwararrun masu lafiya. Pananan pandas suna girma sosai a hankali, idanunsu a buɗe kawai a ranar sha takwas. Mace a hankali tana lasar su kuma tana ciyar dasu da madara. A lokacin da ya kai watanni uku, launin gashi ya samu kyakkyawa mai launin ja, iri ɗaya kamar a cikin manya. Yanzu kwayayen sun fara barin abin kunya don barin ɗakin dabarun neman bamboo. Iyalin suna jagorantar salon rayuwar nomadic kuma yana motsawa ko'ina cikin rukunin har zuwa tsakiyar lokacin hunturu, kuma mai yiwuwa a duk tsawon shekara.
Mace tana kulawa da mace na dogon lokaci, tana ciyar da dukkan lokacinta na kyauta tare da zuriyarta, tunda samari pandas kadai ba zasu iya rayuwa ba kuma suna wajabta mutuwa. A cikin yanayin maza na ja panda, babu abokan gaba da yawa, galibi dabbar ta zama kuturuwar dusar ƙanƙara, amma wannan nau'in maharbin yana gab da ƙarewa. An saka ja janda a cikin Littafin Ruwan Kasa-da-ƙasa tun daga Maris 1988, a matsayin jinsin masu haɗari. Akwai karancin waɗannan dabbobi masu kyan gani a cikin mazauninsu na asali, bisa ga sabon bayanan akwai kusan mutane 2500 ne kawai. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin ja panda suna fuskantar barazanar haɓaka. An sare katako da yawa na ƙawance a cikin bukatun mutum.
Panda kullum tana cikin hadarin halaka saboda kyawawan furfura, kodayake an haramta farautar dabbobi a koina, masu fasa-kwauri na ci gaba da harbi dabbobi a Indiya da kudu maso yammacin China. An dauki matakan kiyaye jinsunan a cikin gidajen dabbobi, a halin yanzu pandas na ja 350 suna rayuwa a cikin wuraren shakatawa na 85 na duniya, waɗanda ke haifar da zaman talala. A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, sun haifi zuriya wanda ya ninka adadin pandas da ke zaman aure.
Duk da matakan da aka ɗauka don adana yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittar, panda tana shafar sannu a hankali. Akwai dalilai na halitta game da wannan: yawan sasanyen a cikin zuriyarsu karami ne, kuma suna fitowa sau ɗaya kawai a shekara, sun kai ga balaga ne kawai lokacin da suke shekara goma sha takwas, kuma ku ci wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire. A cikin yanayin halitta, pandas ya mutu saboda dalilai da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da canje-canje a yanayin rayuwa. Sabili da haka, panda panda ya kasance nau'in haɗari.
Red pandas yana ciyar da ciyayi da abinci na asalin dabbobi.
Amma akwai fata cewa wannan dabba ba za ta shuɗe daga fuskar duniyarmu ba, kamar sauran dabbobi. dan Adam yana da ikon gyara kuskuren sa da aka yi dangane da alaƙar withan uwanmu. Kuma tsararraki na mutane na gaba su ma za su yi sha'awar dabbar kyakkyawa. Ja janda alama ce ta Mozilla. An fassara shi daga Sinanci, hunho - “fox fire” - sauti cikin Ingilishi kamar Firefox.
Af, ana iya samun bayanai masu amfani da yawa game da pandas ja akan rukunin yanar gizo sweetpanda.ru a ɓangaren ƙananan pandas.
Mashahurin masanin da aka karɓa ya karɓa - "Mozilla Firefox". Wataƙila sanannen sanannen zai taimaka wa dabbar, kuma adadin dabbar dabbar da sannu a hankali zata murmure.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.