Suna:Mississippi alligator, Pike alligator, baƙi Amurka (alligators na Amurka).
Yankin: Mississippi alligator shine mafi girma daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan alligator guda biyu, kuma ya zama ruwan dare a kudu maso gabashin Amurka. A halin yanzu, yana zaune ne kawai a kudu da Virginia da gabashin Lower Rio Grande a Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia, North da South Carolina, da kuma Kudancin Arkansas; yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a cikin ruwa na Florida yana da yawa musamman.
Bayanin: Mississippi alligator yana da tsayi da yawa, amma fadi da silaɗar lebur. Abin ban sha'awa, a cikin dabbobin da aka yi garkuwa da su, kashin ma ya fi na dangi na daji yawa (saboda halayen abinci mai gina jiki). Hancin hancinsa yana daga ƙarshen ƙwanƙolin, wanda ya ba dabba damar yin numfashi, yayin da duk jikinta yana ƙarƙashin ruwa. Dukkanin tsofaffi waɗanda ke rayuwa cikin yanayi sun kasance nau'i biyu: dogaye da bakin ciki, gajeru da fadi. Wadannan bambance-bambance a cikin kayan an yi bayanin su ta halayen abinci, yanayi, da sauran abubuwan.
Powerfulararrakin makami mai ƙawance shine wutsiya mai ratsa jiki. Falo manyan occipital guda biyu suna nan a cikin layuka biyu masu juyawa. A cikin ɓangaren tsakiyar tsakiyar - layuka takwas na tsinkayen dorsal. Fatar kan tarnaƙi tana da faranti. Jirgin mahaifa na ciki ba ya nan. Alƙawura gajere ne, gaba - biyar-yatsa, hind - huɗu-yatsa. Abun yatsun goshin ya haɗa da membrane mai iyo. Jimlar yawan hakora shine 74-80.
Lokacin da baki ya rufe, gefen babban muƙamuƙi ya mamaye haƙoran ƙananan muƙamuƙin, yayin da ƙananan hakora ke shiga fagen juji da na sama. Babban haƙoran haƙora na huɗu na farji ya shiga cikin hutu a saman muƙamuƙin kuma ya kasance ba a ganuwa lokacin rufe bakin. Wannan tsarin hakora halayyar alligators ne kuma ba'a same shi a cikin yakasasshe da gavial ba, wanda ƙananan hakora suke shiga cikin tsintsiyar sama a saman babban muƙamuƙin.
Matasa masu ba da izini waɗanda ƙananan lambobin iyayensu ne, suna bambanta da su cikin raɗaɗi mai rawaya mai launin rawaya akan asalin baƙar fata, wanda ya zama kyakkyawan tsari a gare su.
Launi: Babban launi na sama na maɓallin Mississippian duhu ne, mara nauyi mara nauyi, kuma ventral mai haske ne rawaya. A cikin yara matasa, gefen baya yana kusan baki cikin launi tare da haske mai haske mai raɗaɗi rawaya akan wutsiya; a cikin manya, irin wannan raunin duhu ne. Dukkanin mutanen yammacin duniya, waɗanda a kebe su da gabashin su, suna da layin fari - bugun jini a kusa da jajayen, jikinsu da wutsiyarsu suna da sauƙi a launi. A tsoffin samfurori, ratsin rawaya zai shuɗe ya juya ya zama ruwan zaitun da launin baƙi, kodayake wuraren fata da ke kewaye da muƙamuƙin, a wuyansa da ciki suna da fari-farare. Yankin ventral yana da haske tare da facin baƙi. Launin ido shine zaitun, kore, amma sauran launuka kuma suna iya yiwuwa.
Girman: Maƙarraban maza manya sun kai mita 4-4.5, wasu lokuta ana samun mutane fiye da mita 5 (mafi girman tsayinsa shine 5.8 m). Mace sun kai tsawon mil 3.
Weight: Har zuwa kilogiram 200-300. Babu bayanan da ba a tabbatar da shi ba (m) cewa a cikin karni na 19 da 20 aka kashe alligators mai nauyin rabin tan.
Tsawon rayuwa: An rubuce cewa ɗayan Mississippi alligator ya rayu shekaru 66. Aka kawo shi gidan Adelaide, pc. South Australia, 5 ga Yuni, 1914 yana da shekara 2, kuma ya rayu har zuwa 26 ga Satumba, 1978. A cewar wasu bayanan, rakodin rayuwar wannan nau'in a cikin bauta shekaru 85 ne.
Kuri'a: Cubs suna yin sautuka (Ingilishi: y-eonk, y-eonk, y-eonk), kuma tsofaffi masu tsufa suna yin ihu da ƙarfi yayin lokacin kiwo. Shaidun gani da ido sun kwatanta muryar Mississippi da tsawa ko fashewa a yayin da masu ba da fata suka matsa da kifi. Idan da yawa maza sun yi kururuwa a lokaci guda, to sauti mai sauti na girgiza yana girgiza faduwar gaba.
Habitat: Ana samun alligators a cikin wuraren zama dabam dabam tare da tushen ruwa mai kyau, kuma sun fi son gudana ruwa a hankali daga maɓallin ruwa, kogunan ruwa da tabkuna, da kuma tafkunan da ke warwatse a cikin maɓallin peat. Ba ya son jikunan ruwa da ruwan gishiri, kodayake yana iya zama a cikin ruwa mai cike da ruwa na mashigar ruwan yanki na Kudancin Florida (Everglade) na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Mafi sau da yawa ana iya samun allisator na Mississippi kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
Mace, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna zaune a cikin karamin yanki na tabkuna, fadama-maza, da kuma maza suna da'awar cewa sun wuce muraba'in 2. mil.
Abokan gaba: Manyan tsuntsayen marsh, raccoon, lynxes da manyan alligators zasu iya kai hari ga jarirai da kuma tsoffin masu talla. Tsakanin manyan alligators na maza, shari'ar cannibalism gama-gari ne, wanda ba na hali ba ga crocodiles. Lokacin yana da shekaru biyu, masu ba da izini sun kai matsakaicin 90 cm kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ba su da abokan gaba - ban da mutane. Abinci: Mississippi alligators makiyaya ne. Babban abinci shine kifi, amma a wasu lokuta ma yakan kaiwa wasu dabbobi hari. Matasa masu rarrafe suna ciyar da kwari na ruwa da crustaceans, ƙananan kifi da kwaɗi; yayin da suke girma, abincinsu ya zama ya bambanta. Dukkanin tsoffin tsofaffin dabbobi suna ciyar da kusan duk wata halitta mai ruwa da tsayi da ke rayuwa a yankin: kunkuru, macizai, kifi, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, har ma da ƙananan rayayyu. A wuraren da masu ba da fatauci ke zama tare da mutane kuma idan suna jin yunwa, ƙananan karnuka da sauran dabbobin gida sun zama ganima.
Ga mutum, alligators ba shi da babban haɗari, amma a lokuta mafi ƙarancin yanayi, Mississippi baƙi ne ke kaiwa mutane hari, har ma a wannan lokacin, muddin ya fusata shi ko ya rikitar da ɗan ɗan ƙaramin abin farauta.
Wani lokacin yakan ci kifin a cikin kifin. Tare da matsananciyar yunwa, ana iya cin abinci.
Halayyar: Halin farauta na Mississippi alligator ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa, kuma a yanayin zafi sama da 20-23 ° C abincinsu yana raguwa sosai kuma aikin su yana raguwa. Mafi kyawun yanayin zafin jiki na rayuwa shine 32-35 ', yanayin zafi sama da 38' don wannan nau'in yana da mutuwa. A kan ƙasa, crocodiles yakan kwanta da bakinsu a buɗe, i.e. wannan shi ne saboda thermoregulation (ruwa yana bushewa daga membranes na mucous na bakin mahaifa, wanda ke ƙaruwa da jigilar zafi).
Mazan da ke ba da izini, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna farauta a cikin ruwa, suna kama ƙananan dabbobi da haƙoransu kuma suna haɗiye shi gaba ɗaya. Sun kwashe ganima a ruwa, sannan suka tsage shi. Macen tana da haquri mai daurewa: yana sanya kawai idanuwansa da idanunsa a cikin ruwa, zai iya kallon ganima na tsawon awanni. Yawancin lokaci a cikin irin wannan kusan matsayin "ambaliyar", yakan nutse a saman ruwa a gefen tekun, yana neman wanda aka azabtar.
Alligators suna da ƙarfi mafi cizo - idan aka kwatanta da sauran sanannun "cizo" masu cin naman. Wani keragen Amurka mai tsayi-mita 4 wanda nauyinsa yakai kilo 332 ya ciji wata na'urar auna ta musamman wacce take daidai da karfin abin da ke da nauyin kilogram 1063 (nawa karamar motar nauyi take). Babban mutum a cikin gona mai hatsi na St. Augustine (Amurka) ya ɗan ci tare da ƙarfi daidai da nauyin kilo 1480. 'Yan kwalliyar suna amfani da irin wannan ƙarfi bakin don kamawa da ciji kunkuru, kogin, wanda wani yanki mai ƙarfi ya bambanta shi.
A lokacin nutsewa, hancin maciji yana rufe ta gefen kumatun fata, kunnuwan kunne suna rufewa da rufewar fata, da kuma zagayarwar jini a wannan yanayin, in banda kwakwalwa da zuciya, ana dakatarwa. Yawancin lokaci, a cikin mintina 20 na farko na wani zurfi, kada ya kashe rabin abin da yake bayarwa na oxygen, kuma wanda ya rage ya ciyar da tattalin arziki cikin mintuna 100 masu zuwa.
Fewan dabbobi ne kawai ke da ikon zuga mutane da irin wannan tsoro kamar su Mississippi alligator. Lokacin da ya buɗe bakinsa da manyan hakora, da alama maƙiyin yayi murmushi mai zurfi
Uswayoyin Harkokin Halittu - Aligator mississipiensis
Tsawon Layi: kimanin 4 m, amma wani lokacin ya kai 5.5 m, wutsiya shine rabin tsawon.
Weight 200-225 kg.
Dabbar ta hanyar canjin: Afrilu Mayu.
Yawan qwai: 25-60.
Shiryawa: 2-3 watanni.
Halaye: Mai kada kuri'a (duba hoto) - loner.
Abin da ke ci: 'Ya'yan suna ciyar da kwari, kwari, tadpoles da kwaɗi, manya kuma suna ciyar da kifi da dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Tsawon rayuwa: har zuwa shekara 50.
Wani wakilin dangin alligator shi ne wakilin kasar Sin. Shi ne mafi ƙanƙanci fiye da keɓaɓɓiyar Mississippian kuma yana rayuwa ne kawai a ƙasan iyakar kogin Yangtze.
Mississippi Alligator ita ce mafi girman wakilci na lalata kada a yankin arewacin Amurka. Yana da cylindrical jiki, wata gabar jiki mai ƙarfi da babban kai. The alligator yi iyo tare da taimakon wutsiya, wanda kuma shi ne mai kaifin makamin.
Amurka mai rarrafe - Pike kada
Mississippi alligators sune mafi yawan nazarin halittun 'yan wasansu. Wadannan manyan dabbobi suna zaune ne a arewacin Arewacin Amurka kuma suna wakiltar ɗayan biyu a halin yanzu sanannu na alligator (na biyu shine wakilin Sinawa). Yankin na Mississippi yana cikin kudu maso gabashin Amurka, ya mamaye yankuna na jihohin Florida da Louisiana.
Wadannan halittu masu rai suna zaune a fadama, tafkuna, koguna, tabkuna, da sauran gawarwakin ruwa a tekun Atlantika - wanda aka samo a kudu da Virginia da gabashin ƙasan Rio Grande, Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia, North da South Carolina, Oklahoma da Kudancin Arkansas. Mississippi alligators suna da yawa musamman a cikin fadama na Florida.
An yi bayanin bayanin kimiyya na farko game da wannan dabba a cikin 1802 daga masanin ilimin dabbobi na Faransa Francois-Marie Doden (Francois-Marie Daudin)wanda ya sanya halittu masu rarrafe a tsohuwar suna Alligator mississippiensis. Don duk aikinta na kimiyya, Doden ya bayyana nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 500 da masu rarrafe.
A mafi yawan lokuta ana kiransa alliator na Mississippi - Amurka alligators. Sauran sunaye masu rarrafe sun hada da kawun Florida, Mississippi kada, da Louisiana kada, da kuma alli na pike. Sunan mahaifa sunan mai rarrafe yana bin sifofin halayyar kai tare da wulakantaccen wulakanci mai kama da kan jirgi.
Mississippi alligators fi son ruwan kwantar da hankula, guje wa wurare tare da ƙaƙƙarfan halin yanzu. Masana sun yi imani da cewa ƙin son Mississippi alligators na ruwa mai haɗari yana da alaƙa da sifa da kuma tsarin ƙoshin hancin - sun kasance ƙananan ƙasa, kuma wannan yana haifar da numfashi mai wahala yayin rafuka na ruwa. Domin kada a jawo ruwa a cikin kafafen hancin, wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe a cikin koguna masu saurin dole ne su sa kawunansu a wani tsayi, wanda hakan ke da wahalar iyo a saman ruwa da abin rufe fuska yayin farauta.
Sakamakon rashin glandar lacrimal, wadannan halittu masu rarrafe ma suna gujewa fitowa a cikin ruwa mai gishiri, sabanin nau'ikan karnuka masu yawa wadanda zasu iya "kuka", cire gishiri daga jiki. Koyaya, lokaci-lokaci ana iya samun allisators na Mississippi a cikin ruwa mai zurfi na mashigin ruwa na kudu da mashigan kudu na Florida.
Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna cikin manyan wakilan tsarin kariyar - maza na iya yin girma zuwa tsayin mita 4-4.5 (matsakaicin sananne - 5.8 m) tare da nauyinsa ya kai 300 kilogram. Akwai rahotannin kwace mutane dauke da nauyinsa har zuwa rabin tan, amma ba su da shaidar gaskiya. Mace sunada karancin girma ga maza kuma da wuya su kai tsawon fiye da mita 3.
Bayyanar babban kamshi yana da babban kai mai faffada mai faɗi, wanda, kamar yadda muka ambata a sama, yana da kama da na irin babban jirgi. An raba kan kai da wuya daga wuya. Sanan yatsa na kan saman ƙwanƙolin, ƙaramin tashi sama da saman fuskarta.
Idanun suna da ƙananan kaɗan, tare da furfuran launin toka-mai launin shuɗi-fari da ɗalibin ɗalibai na tsaye.
Jimlar adadin hakora akan babba da ƙananan yatsa shine 74-80, yayin da layin keɓaɓɓe na ɗaya daga cikin fasalolin da ke rarrabe waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe daga ainihin madaukai - babban haƙora na huɗu na ƙananan muƙamula sun shiga hutu na babban muƙamula kuma an rufe su da lebe, yayin da a cikin crocodiles waɗannan hakora suna zaune a gefe kuma ba komai tare da rufe bakin.
A gefan jiki akwai gajeru huɗu, kafafu masu ƙarfi, suna ƙare a ƙasan ƙafa. A kan kafafu na gaba akwai yatsu biyar tare da membranes tsakanin su, a kan ƙananan kafafu - yatsunsu huɗu. Godiya ga wannan gabar jiki, theigator ya sami damar (kodayake ba makawa) yayi motsi a kasa, ya iyo, kare kansa daga abokan gaba, sannan kuma ya danne abin da ya ci - ya tsage shi, cire kayan abinci daga bakinsa, da dai sauransu. shortafafunsu gajere.
Dorsal scutes suna da halayyar tsari da sifar - an sanya manyan sifofi guda huɗu a cikin layuka biyu akan yanki na occipital, layuka takwas na tsinkaye takwas sun fi girma a tsakiyar jikin. An sanya faranti na kashin a bangarorin. Cutar ciki ba ta da nau'ikan corymbal.
Dogon jikin yana kambi da rago mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi, wanda aka lanƙwasa baya. Wannan jikin shine mai saurin motsawa da motsawa mai rarrafe lokacin yin iyo, da kuma makami, godiya ga wanda mai ba da izini ya iya magance manyan ganima. Ta hanyar bugun wutsiya, maharbi yana iya karya kasusuwa ko da sa sa.
A saman jiki na alligators an fentin zaitun mai launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi; ciki yana da fari mai kirim. A cikin samari matasa, raɗaɗin rawaya mai haske suna kan wutsiya.
Rashin kayan aikin thermoregulatory na jiki ya sanya alama akan halayen masu haɗaka na Mississippi a cikin yanayin sanyaya ko zafi mai zafi. Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sun sami damar tono ramuka inda suka gwammace a ɓoye a yayin yanayi mara kyau da yanayin yanayi. A cikin lokacin zafi kadan, alligators rasa aikin su, kuma suna da ikon yin hibernate, suna ɓoyewa a rami ko ɓoyewa cikin laka mai narkewa.
Kamar sauran yankuna masu rarrafe, masu ba da umarni suna ba da sabis masu mahimmanci zuwa tafkunan laka, share su daga datti, ɓarna da ciyawar ciyawar ruwa. Tabbas, rawar da dabbobi masu rarrabuwar ba ta damu ba - yawancin wuraren dabbobi ana amfani da su azaman rami na ruwa da dabbobi, wanda maharbi ke lura dashi daga maharan.
Girgiza mai nauyi da tsafta a kan tudu, wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe an daidaita su sosai don yin iyo a ruwa, kuma sunada ikon walƙiya yayin farauta.
Kamar yadda ya cancanci mafarauta, Mississippi alligator tana ciyar da dabbobin da ta iya sarrafawa. Abincin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ya samo asali ne daga kifi, amphibians da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Tsarin menu ya ƙunshi yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe - macizai, kunkuru, har ma da ƙananan alligators. Ba kamar sahabin gaske ba, alligators baƙaƙen ɗan igwa ne, a wani lokaci suna cin "kabilu."
A cikin yunwar, waɗannan mafarautan sun sami damar cin duk abin da ya zo ta hanyarsu - tun daga dabbobi zuwa manyan dabbobi har da mutane. Mississippi alligators suna kai hari ga mutane ba koyaushe ba - ana ɗaukar waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe marasa haɗari fiye da yadda ake hako ko karnukan Nilu, duk da haka, bayanan da aka tattara sun isa sosai.
Matasa suna wadatar da ƙaramin ganima - daga kwari, mollusks da crustaceans, zuwa kifi mai matsakaici. Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sun gwammace su je farauta cikin duhu, ta amfani da dabarar makamai.
Sun kai ga balaga tare da tsayin jiki sama da cm 180, yana da shekaru 10 - 12. Suna haihuwar ta hanyar kwanciya da kwan kwai, yayin da macen ta gina gida inda ta sanya ƙwai kimanin hamsin (matsakaicin adadin da aka rubuta shine 88). Wasannin za a yi wasannin share fage a Mississippian alligators suna farawa daga bazara (Afrilu-Mayu), tare da dumama ruwa, yayin da ake yin al'ada a cikin dare. Maza ba su shahara da “aminci swan" - a kan yankinsa namiji ɗaya zai iya rufe kimanin mata dozin. Kowane ɗayan manya "ya mallaki" kansa "ƙasa" tare da yanki game da murabba'in mita 3. km., inda aka hana samun dama ga wasu "maza" a karkashin barazanar ramuwar gayya.
Lokacin shiryawa don tsalle-tsar kwai ya wuce watanni 2.Chingyasar alligators, auna 15-20 cm, fara yin sokin, sautin magana, mace kuma tana zuwa taimakonsu, yana taimakawa fita daga gida. Bornan jarirai kusan tsawonsu (daga watanni da yawa zuwa shekaru biyu) suna girma da haɓakawa a ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifiyarsu, sannan su fara rayuwa mai cin gashin kanta.
Ya kamata a sani cewa Mississippi masu rarrafe 'dabbobi' 'wadatattun' 'dabbobi ne - maza manya na iya yin saututtukan masu sauti sosai, suna iya tunawa da hawan injin jirgi. A lokacin kumburin, majalisai na alligator suna girgiza asarsu a zahiri tare da peran kunne.
Wani tsofaffi ba shi da abokan gaba. Yara matasa dole ne su guji haɗarin cinye ko kisan da yawa daga masu hasashen - manyan tsuntsayen tsuntsaye, raccoon, lynxes da, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, har ma manyan kabilu. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, Mississippi alligators zai iya rayuwa tsawon lokaci - fiye da shekaru hamsin (akwai rahotannin shari'ar rayuwa a cikin fursuna har kusan shekaru 70).
Halin yawan waɗannan dabbobin ta yanki a halin yanzu ya tabbata, saboda haka, nau'in Alligator mississippiensis sanya matsayin muhalli LC - haifar da damuwa ko kadan.
Bayyanar Mississippi Alligator
Tsawon tsaran jikin tsoffin kwatankwacin Mississippian yayi daga mita 4 zuwa 4.5, mutane basa wuce mita 5 a tsayi.
Koyaya, waɗannan girma suna da alaƙa ga maza, yayin da mata basa wuce mita 3. Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar allisator na Mississippi shine kilo 200-300.
Mucks na wannan allurar na da fadi, lebur kuma ya fi tsayi. Abin lura ne cewa a cikin alligators da ke rayuwa a cikin bauta, da kashin yana da fadi sosai idan aka kwatanta shi da daidaikun mutane na daji, wanda ke da alaƙa da tsarin abinci mai gina jiki. Sanannen yatsun kafa suna kan tarko na ƙwanƙolin, don haka alligator na iya numfasawa yayin da dukkan jikin ke ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Mississippian alligators na iya zama nau'ikan 2: gajere da fadi da siraƙi da tsayi da tsayi, irin waɗannan sifofin tsarin sun dogara da halayen abinci da yanayi.
Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da wutsiyoyi mara nauyi. A tsakiyar jikin akwai layuka 8 na tsaye na ɗakunan digirin. Akwai garkuwa 4 a bayan shugaban. Faranti ya wuce gefen bangarorin jiki.
Mississippi Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis).
Yatsun kafafu gajere, a kan kafafu na gaba akwai yatsu 5, kuma a kan kafafu na baya - 4. Tsakanin yatsun kan kafafu na gaba akwai membranes na yin iyo. Akwai hakora 74-80 a cikin bakin. Lokacin da baki ya rufe, ƙananan hakoran hakora ke rufe da ƙananan hakora, waɗanda aka haɗa su a cikin takaddama na musamman da ke cikin babban muƙamuƙi. Irin wannan tsarin da muƙamular halayen ne kawai don alligators, amma ga crocodiles da gavials ba shi da ma'ana, hakoransu suna shiga cikin tsintsiyar da ke bayan babban muƙamuƙin.
Babban launi na jikinta babba mai launin shuɗi ne, ciki kuma mara nauyi ne. A cikin alligators na yammacin yawan, ware daga gabas, muƙamuƙi yana kewaye da fararen fata, kuma launi na wutsiya da jiki suna da sauƙi.
Matasa mutane gaba daya sun yi kama da na tsoffin pian wasan bogi, amma a jikin baƙar fata suna da alaƙa da raɗaɗin rawaya mai haske, wanda ke ba su kyakkyawan yanayin. A tsawon lokaci, raunin ya bushe kuma ya zama ruwan zaitun ko baƙi, fata kuma da ke bakin bakin ya kasance fari fat. Idanun kore, zaitun ko wasu launuka.
Kodayake alligator yana da ƙananan halaye na hali, har yanzu yana da ikon riƙe wanda aka azabtar a cikin motsi mai sauri.
Pike Alligator Rayuwa
Tsammani game da abubuwan da ke tattare da Mississippi na da tsawo: an yi rikodin cewa mutum ɗaya ya rayu shekaru 66. The alligator ya je gidan shanun a Kudancin Australia a shekara ta 1914, lokacin yana dan shekara 2, ya rayu har zuwa 1978. Amma akwai shaidar cewa pike alligators a bauta zai iya rayuwa shekaru 85.
Mississippian alligators suna zaune a wurare da yawa inda akwai tsabtataccen ruwa, yayin da suke fifita kwararar gudu. Suna zaune a fadama, tafkuna, tafkunan, koguna. A cikin ruwan gishiri, ba su da damar yin rayuwa mai tsawo, amma na wani lokaci za su iya zama a cikin fadamar mangoro na Kudancin Florida. Sau da yawa ana samun su kusa da gidan mutane.
Pike alligators suna tattaunawa da juna da murya: jarirai suna yin kalamai masu saurin magana, kuma mutane da suka manyanta sukan yi ihu da ƙarfi yayin lokacin kiwo. Wadanda suka jiyo muryar alligator sun ce ya yi kama da wani fashewa mai nisa ko tsawa, kuma yayin da duk masu ba da labari suka fara “wakokinsu”, faduwar zahiri ta fara girgiza.
Noaurawar hanci a saman ƙwayar takaddun an sanya su ta hanyar da zasu ba da izinin mai kaifin kaɗa numfashi yayin da ragowar kan ruwa ya nitse cikin ruwa.
Sabbin dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu karamin karfi suna fuskantar manyan tsuntsayen da ke fada, manyan dabbobi, dabbobi masu rarrafe; Tare da taimakon mucks da wutsiya mai ƙarfi, alligators suna tono ramuka a bakin wanda yayi kama da tasoshin da aka haɗa da kusan mitoci 36. Waɗannan tashoshi suna ƙare tare da kyamara. Ramin ya cika da laka, lokacin da shi da kandami suka bushe a lokacin rigar, alligator zai shiga neman sabon tafki mai kyau. A cikin burrows, alligators suna ɓoye yayin haɗari kuma suna ɓoye a cikin su. Sau da yawa, tsofaffin maza suna zama a cikin ramuka guda shekara bayan shekara.
Gabaɗaya, Mississippi alligators sun gwammace su zauna wuri guda, an zaunar dasu kawai lokacin da yake shekara 2. Mace na zaune a yankuna, kuma yankin ciyar da maza na iya wuce kadada 20. Yankunan maza da mata sun kewaye.
Farauta alluran pike da abincinsu
Waɗannan predan farauta ne, galibi suna cin kifi, amma a wani lokaci suna kaiwa hari, kamar sauran karnukan dabbobi, sauran dabbobi. Manya suna kusan kusan kowace ƙasa da halitta mai ruwa. Tushen abincin da tsofaffin masanan ke fitarwa sune macizai, kunkuru, kifi, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma dangi. Idan akwai mahalli na ɗan adam kusa, to, alligators na iya kai farmaki kan ƙananan dabbobi.
Matasa masu ba da izini suna cin kwari na ruwa, ɓawon burodi, frogs, da ƙananan kifi; a tsawon lokaci, abincinsu ya bambanta.
Ga mutane, ba su kawo babbar barazana ba, amma idan kuka tsokane abu mai ma'ana, to zai iya kaiwa hari. A wuraren da mutane ke ciyar da allura, sun fi haɗari, tun da suna bin mutum don neman abinci daga gare shi. Idan alligator yana jin yunwa, kuma abinci bai ishe shi ba, to ba zai yi sakaci da kaya ba.
Halin farauta na Mississippi alligators ya dogara da ruwan zafin jiki: a zazzabi kasa da digiri 20-23, ayyukansu suna raguwa kuma kayan abincinsu yana raguwa sosai. Mafi yawan zafin jiki a gare su shine digiri 32-35, kuma zazzabi fiye da digiri 38 yana lalata su.
Mai alligator ya nutsar da babban wanda aka azabtar, kuma bayan kashe shi sai ya faskara. Yayin farauta, suna nuna haƙuri mai ban mamaki: suna cire idanu da hanci kawai daga ruwa, suna jira awanni ga waɗanda abin ya shafa. Lokacin da alligator nutse, hancin hancinsa yana rufe ta hanyar hermetic folds na fata, yayin da kewaya jini yana tsayawa a cikin jiki. Mafi yawan lokuta, a cikin lokacin farko 20, alligator yana ciyar da rabin yawan iskar oxygen, kuma yana ciyar da ragowar a cikin mintuna 100 masu zuwa.
Dukkanin ɓoye, idan aka kwatanta da sauran mafarautan, suna da cizo mafi ƙarfi, tare da taimakon ƙaƙƙarfan ikonsu za su iya cizon kunamar da keɓaɓɓun.
Manyan pike alligators musamman farauta cikin ruwa. Sukan hadiye duk wanda abin ya shafa.
ALLIGATOR DA MAN
A farkon karni na ashirin, saboda haka an kashe yawancin Mississippi alligators cewa ana yi musu barazanar rushewa. Mutane sun warwatse alligators don fata.
A cikin karni na hamsin na XX a Amurka, an kirkiro wani tsari don adana waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe. An hana farautarsu ne, sannu a hankali kuma aka dawo da yawan waɗannan masu farautar. Bayan haka, alligators sun haɓaka sosai cewa an ba da izinin harbi, dalilin shine don adana lambobin su a wani matakin.
Yaduwa
Dukkanin alligators suna kwana a cikin dare. Maza suna haifar da tsawa mai amo wanda ke jan hankalin mata. Namiji yawanci yafi girman mace. Kafin mating, a hankali ya iyo kusa da ƙaunataccensa, sannan ya yi iyo har zuwa gefenta, ya kama mata tabo kuma ya rungume duk kugunsa daga sama. Bayan wannan, sannu a hankali ana nutsar da ruwa a cikin ruwa sannan kuma sai hadi ya fara faruwa.
Kafin kwanciya qwai, matar ta gina gida. Tana kama da tudun da ciyawa da rassa. Girman dutsen irin wannan ƙwanƙwasa kusan m 1.5, kuma tsayinsa ya kai mita 0.5. A saman, ana yin hutu a ciki wanda mace ta sanya ƙwai, ta rufe su da ciyawa daga bisa. Lokacin yin ciyawar ciyawa wanda daga nan ne ake yin sheƙun gida, ana fitar da zafin da ya wajaba don ci gaban san. Wannan lokacin yana da hadari ga zuriyar wadannan halittu masu rarrafe: idan matakin ruwa ya tashi, gidan zai kasance karkashin ruwa kuma dukkan 'yan' uwansu zasu mutu. Cuban sandunan Alligator suna kamar ƙaramin iyayensu kuma suna kyan gani bayan watanni 2-3.
A lokacin shiryawa, mace ko da yaushe tana kusa da gida kuma tana kiyaye ƙwai, tana korar duk wanda ya bayyana a kusa.
Kafin kyankyasar, thean sandunansu sun fara laushi. Uwar ta tono gida. Mace na mirgine ƙwai tsakanin manya da harshe, kuma tana murƙushe harsashi, tana taimakawa thea cuban su 'yantar da kansu. Yaran suna da tsawo 20 cm, amma sun riga sun san yadda za su yi iyo ba da yardar kaina ba. A karkashin kulawar mace, jariran suna iyo a cikin tsari, inda suke ciyar da farkon watanni na rayuwa.
Sake bugun alluna na Pike
Lokacin kiwo don alligators Pike ya faɗi a kan Afrilu-Mayu. Mace suna shirye don kiwo a cikin shekara ta 6 na rayuwa, lokacin da suka girma zuwa mita 1.8 a tsayi, maza sun fara haihuwar tun kafin shekaru 10-12, lokacin da suka kai mita 3.1 a tsayinsu.
A lokacin tarawa, maza kewaya cikin yankunansu, suna girgiza kawunan su da kuma hura iska a ruwa, a lokaci guda suna fitar da tsawa mai karfi da barin alamomin kamshi daga glandar musk. Idan mace ta yi ruri, namiji zai tafi ya sadu da ita. A yayin al'adu na masu aure, masu rarrafe kan yi tauye junanku ko kuma ku rungume jawansu. Suna aure da dare.
A cikin mata da maza na Mississippi alligator, an rufe bayansa da garkuwar kasusuwa “armored”.
Ana shirin kwanciya qwai, mace ta yi gida, mafi yawan lokuta wannan yakan faru ne a farkon bazara, lokacin damuna da ɗumi. Sau da yawa, ana gina buɗaɗɗun gida kowace shekara a wasu wuraren. Wani lokacin mace ta tono gida kuma saboda wasu dalilai sai ta barta, sannan wata mace takan dauki da yardar.
Mace tana daga kwayoyi 20 zuwa 60, akasari a cikin shara akwai ƙwai 40-45, amma adadinsu ya kai guda 88. Gidaje su ne kwari sama da ruwa, idan gida ya cika ambaliya, qwai zai mutu cikin awanni 12.
A tsawon lokacin shiryawa, wanda ya kasance kwanaki 65, mace Mississippi alligator tana kiyaye kama. Ta fi yawancin lokaci kusa da gida, tana nesa da shi ta ƙimar mita 150.
A ƙarshen watan Agusta, ƙananan alluna na pike sun fara yin maci, wanda ke jan hankalin mace, sai ta tono yumɓu mai yuwuwa kuma jariran su fita, idan uwar ba ta da lokacin tono yaran, za su mutu, saboda su kansu ba za su iya fita ba. Tana juya jariran zuwa bakinsu, mutane 8 a lokaci daya, zuwa wurin tafkin da aka riga aka zaba. A cikin ruwa, sai ta kwance jawashin ta tana girgiza kai don haka yaran su fita.
Idan mazauninsu ya bushe, alligators suna matsawa zuwa wani wuri, wani lokacin suna amfani da wuraren waha na ruwa a matsayin mafaka.
Mahaifiya mai kulawa ta zauna kusa da jariran har tsawon watanni 2, tana kare su daga abokan gaba. Ana kiyaye sabbin alligators a cikin kananan kungiyoyi, yayin da sa froman daga mata daban zasu iya haɗuwa.
Matasa girma ya kasance kusa da inda ƙyallen yake kusan shekaru 2. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, mace tayi hanzari ta karɓi siginar girgizata na tsintsiyarta kuma tayi saurin zuwa taimakonsu. Duk da tsarewar mahaifiya, kusan kashi 80% na alligators matasa suna mutuwa. Wani lokacin ƙarni 3 na mace ɗaya na iya zama a cikin tafkin ɗaya.
LITTAFIN SAURARA
Alligator ya kwashe mafi yawan rayuwarsa a cikin fadama da koguna na mahaifarsa. Yana zaune a yankuna masu yanayin zafi da zafi. A wasu wuraren, matakin ruwa ya canza sosai, don haka suka koyi yadda ake haƙa tafkunan ruwa da kula da su yayin fari. 'Yan kwantar da hankula suna share ruwan ruwa na ciyawar da ya wuce gona da iri, suna tura ta bakin teku.
Recesses da alligators yi ya zama dole ga sauran dabbobin da suka zo ramin ruwa. Wasu daga cikin wannan karamin tafkunan suna da alaƙa ta hanyar lalatattun hanyoyin ƙasa. Zazzabi a cikin waɗannan burrows ya kasance ba a canzawa a duk shekara, saboda haka alligators ɓoye a cikin su daga haɗari kuma ku ciyar da hunturu a nan.
Pike alligators da mutane
A shekaru 2 na rayuwa, tsayin jikin Mississippi alligators ya kai mita 2, daga wannan lokacin, kusan ba wanda ya isa ya tsoratar dasu, sai dai mutum. Dangane da yawan zubar da alligators na Pike, adadin nau'in ya ragu sosai, alal misali, a cikin Louisiana, kusan rabin miliyan Mississippi alligators an lalata a cikin shekaru 17.
Dukkanin kwandon kwalliya a share ƙananan wuraren rago na algae da datti, a hana su wuce gona da iri, samar da wuraren shayar da wasu dabbobi.
Ana farautar Pike alligators don fatar su, wanda ke da matukar daraja sosai a yau a California da Arkansas waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna girma a gonaki na musamman na macilan. Hakanan ana bred su a Florida, inda alligators suke zama abin jan hankali ga yawon bude ido da ke ciyar da kaddara. Florida tana da mafi yawan masu ba da izini, kuma har ma an ba da rahoton kai hare-hare 5 na mutane kan mutu.
A halin yanzu, yawan wakilan Mississippi masu barga ne, yana da mutane sama da miliyan. A halin yanzu an cire su daga Littafin Mai Ruwa.
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MENENE Abincin
Dukkanin masu ba da izini sun farauto dabbobi daban-daban dangane da shekaru da nauyi. Cubs suna ciyar da mayuka, kwari, tadpoles da kwaɗi, wanda aka samo a cikin fadama. An cinye ganima duka. Tare da shekaru, sun fara cin kifi da macizai, kuma jim kadan kafin su kai ga balaga sun ci kifi kawai.
Tsarin menu na balagaggu ya bambanta sosai: raccoon da muskrats waɗanda ke zuwa rami mai ban ruwa, suna kama da wuya kamar kunkuru ko macizai. Waterfowl ba ya hana hankali.
Dukkanin alligators suna farauta a cikin ruwa, da wuya za a iya zuwa. Swallowananan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna haɗuwa duka, tare da fata da sutura. Suna kama manyan dabbobi da fikafansu kuma suna jan su ƙarƙashin ruwa. Daga nan sai su tsage su sannan su hadiye su guda-biyu, saboda hakoran wannan abincin basa hade da abinci.
GANGAR JIKINSA
Alligators ya bambanta da crocodiles galibi a cikin siffar shugaban: yana da fadi, lebur kuma kusan santsi mai santsi. A kan kasa tana motsawa a hankali, amma a cikin ruwa tana iyo da sauri kuma cikin nutsuwa kuma ta juya zuwa wani maharbi mara tsoro. A cikin bauta, yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 85.
Suna zaune a kudu maso gabashin Amurka. Sun kai tsawon mil 5-8. Suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai zurfi da taguwa. A launi na jikin alligator yawanci launin toka-kore tare da duhu aibobi, ƙananan sashin jiki yana da rawaya mai haske. Mace mai alligator ta gina gida daga algae da ciyawa mai tsagewa a bakin wani kandami, inda ta ke daga kwayoyi 20 zuwa 40. Tana tsare da kama, sannan ta taimaka wa kananan karnukan su fita daga qwai, kuma su kai bakinsu a cikin tafkin da aka zaɓa, inda suke kare offspringa foran su tsawon watanni. Babban abincin shine kifi, amma a wasu lokutan ma yakankai hari ga dabbobi, tsuntsaye, da sauran dabbobi.
BAYANIN BAYANAI
- Kakanni na alligators, caim, real crocodiles da gavials sun rayu shekaru miliyan 225-65 da suka gabata.
- Yanzu akwai nau'ikan karnukan 21. Su duka suna zaune a wurare masu ɗumi.
- Sunan "alligator" ya fito daga kalmar Spanish "lizard".
- Haka kuma an san Mississippi alligator a matsayin amurkawar Amurka.
DUKKANSU DA KUNGIYA
Ana samun Mississippi alligator da baƙon Amurka a yankuna ɗaya. Dukkan nau'ikan guda ɗaya ne, amma kadawar Amerikanci ya fi ƙasa da allip. Bakin macijin yayi tsawo da dan kadan. Macijin ƙasa ba ya da yawa fiye da alligator. Dukkan jinsunan ana iya rarrabe su ta hanyar sifar da kuma hakoran hakoransu na waje daga waje.
The alligator yana da fadi da kuma gajeren bakin. Hakoransa na huɗu, kamar aya, suna shiga cikin yanke babban muƙamuƙin, amma ba a bayyane daga waje.
A cikin kara, hakora na huɗu na ƙananan muƙamula sun fi girma fiye da sauran. Sun shiga wani yanki na musamman da aka yanke na muƙamuƙi na sama, kuma suna ganuwa koda lokacin rufe bakin.
- Mahalli na Mississippi kada
Yana zaune a adadi mai yawa kawai a cikin kwari da fadama na yankunan kudu maso gabas na Amurka, musamman a cikin Everglades City a Florida, a cikin jihohin Georgia da Alabama.
KYAUTA DA KYAUTATA
Godiya ga kariyar aiki, an kubutar da wannan nau'in daga rugujewa. Yanzu lambar sa ta tsaya cak.
Ya samo alligator. Baƙin Brage a Rasha. Bidiyo (00:05:26)
Mississippi alligator, ko baƙi na Amurka, yana ɗaya daga sanannun nau'ikan alligators (tare da Sinanci). Yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka. Wannan dabba babbar dabba ce kamar tsuntsaye masu rarrafe waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin jikunan ruwa na ruwa kamar tabkuna, koguna da mashigin ruwa daga Texas zuwa Arewacin Carolina Alligators predan fulawa ne waɗanda ke cin kifaye, dabbobi, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye da kuma dabbobi masu shayarwa. Newa Newan jarirai galibi suna ciyar da dabbobi ne.
Wannan dabba ita ce hukuma mai wakiltar jihohin Amurka uku: Florida, Louisiana da Mississippi.
A cikin wannan bidiyon zamu ga yadda zamu kama alligator ta hanyar lafiya. Zamuyi la'akari da shi daga nesa kusa, kuma mu sami masaniya game da irin kwarewar sa
Cabilu da Alligators. Bidiyo (00:03:02)
Cabilu da Alligators
Kika (lat. Crocodilia) - ɓarke da ɓarke naƙasasshen ruwa (wanda galibi yana cikin rukunin "dabbobi masu rarrafe"). An yi imani da cewa karnuka sun bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 250 da suka gabata a zamanin Triassic. Daga cikin halittu masu rai, kusancin dangi na tsuntsayen tsuntsaye ne (kusancin dangi ko ma zuriyar dabbobin archesaurs). Dukkanannn dabbobin zamani na yanzu sune na dabbobin ruwa na ruwa wadanda ke amfani da ruwa, kusa-da ruwa, da kuma dabbobin da suka isa rami na ruwa don abinci.
Alligator (lat.Alligator) - dabi'ar halittar da ta hada nau'ikan zamani biyu kawai: Amurka ko Mississippi alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) da alligator na kasar Sin (Alligator sinensis).
Sun banbanta da sauran wakilan tsarin karba-karba cikin kunar bakin ciki, idanuwan su kuma suna nan daram (a saman sashin jikin). Launin launukan biyu da aka sani suna duhu, galibi kusan baki ne, amma ya dogara da launi da ruwan da ke kewaye da shi - a gaban algae yana iya kasancewa da kore. Idan ruwan ya ƙunshi babban abun ciki na tannic acid daga bishiyoyi masu jujjuyawa, to launi zai zama duhu. Idan aka kwatanta da crocodiles na ainihi (Crocodylus), kawai hakoran hakora ne kawai ake iya gani a cikin alligators tare da muƙamuƙin rufaffiya, kodayake a cikin wasu mutane hakora sun lalace saboda wannan ya sa ganewa ke da wuya.