Marigolds - dangin malam buɗe ido na rana, amma wani lokacin ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Wadannan kwari ana kiransu satyrides ko satyrs - wannan shine sunan tsohuwar maganganu ta “tsoffin mutane”. Satires mafi yawa ƙananan ko matsakaici ne a cikin girman, fuka-fukan su zagaye, tare da launi mai kariya - launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa, launin toka. Mafi yawan lokuta akwai "idanu" akan fikafikan, babba ko babba. Wasu marigolds na wurare masu zafi ana yin zane mai haske sosai.

Da yawa daga cikin mambobin wannan dangi suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itaciyar' ya'yan itaciyar overripe da paddy - siririn secretion na aphids. Amma nectar ya yi nisa da abincin da suka fi so. Marigolds suna zaune a duniya, akwai kusan nau'ikan 2400. Kuma dukansu suna da fasali ɗaya - wani nau'in jirgin "tsalle", wanda ke rikita yanayin farautar tsuntsaye masu yawa.

Liesasashen Baƙin Baki na Habasha sun sami suna don launi mai duhu na fikafikan, kuma ba ga mazauna ba, saboda suna tartsatsi a Tsakiyar Turai. Habasha suna zaune a cikin gandun daji masu haske, cikin fadama, ana samun su sau da yawa a tsaunuka - a tsawan sama da ya kai 1700 m sama da matakin teku. A cikin jirgin, ana iya ganin ɗan Habasha ɗan lokacin duk lokacin bazara - daga Yuni zuwa Agusta - kuma ana iya kimanta fikafikan, wanda yake 40-50 mm.

Idon Idon yana zaune a ko'ina cikin Turai, har ma a Yammaci da Tsakiyar Asiya. Wannan malam buɗe ido baƙon abu ne, amma ya fi dacewa ya ci gaba da zama a inuwa, a karkashin gindin daji, a gefuna ko mafita zuwa ga masu farin ciki. Maharbi masu ido suna zaɓar ƙananan yankuna (kusan 4 a diamita), hasken rana ya haskaka su, inda suke jan hankalin mata da kare yankinsu daga wasu maza. Koyaya, idan akwai haɗari, suna sauri tashi zuwa tsawo na 3-5 m kuma zauna a kan rassan itace. Amma ba za su iya yin nisa ba, saboda haka gandun daji yana da ƙisa a gare su - kwari ba sa iya motsawa zuwa wasu, waɗanda ke tsira daga sassan gandun daji.

Bala'i na Cowhide ƙarami - har zuwa 25 mm a tsayi. Saboda launin koren su, suna da alama kusan ba sa iya ganuwa ga tsuntsaye a ƙasan hatsi na daji, kamar su bluegrass. Suna cin waɗannan hatsi. Caterpillars suna tsira da hunturu, suna shiga cikin ɗumbin duwawu, kuma sai a bazara kaɗai.

A cewar almara, da zarar mawaki Pygmalion ya zana mutum-mutumi na wata kyakkyawar yarinya, ya kira ta da Galatea kuma ta ƙaunace ta. Kuma alloli suka sa mutum-mutumi ya rayu. Duk wannan, hakika, labari ne, amma yau Galatea kadan mai idofaranta mana ido. Ana samun wannan malam buɗe ido a cikin Turai, kan tsaunin rana, a kan hanyoyi na daji har ma a cikin tsaunuka a tsaunin 2000 m, kuma a kwanakin zafi ana iya ganinta zaune a kan furanni.

Marigold

Sunan kimiyya na wannan malam buɗe ido shine Satyrinae. Yana nufin subfamily na rana na malam buɗe ido. Marigold yayi kyau sosai. Sizearamin girman (fuka-fukin 42-48 cm), an fentin launin ruwan kasa da launuka ja, karammiski. Yawancin lokaci tare da idanu masu haske, ƙasa da fari tare da launin baƙar fata.

Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji coniferous gandun daji, Yana son inuwa. Ana iya samunsu ta gefen hanyoyi ko daji ko sharewa. Maballin elvearfi shine babban, ciyarwa akan hatsi na daji da sauran tsire-tsire masu ciyawa.

Za'a iya samun malam buɗe ido daga Yuni zuwa ƙarshen Yuli. A wannan lokacin, ana maye gurbin tsararraki 3. Wani malam buɗe ido ya buɗe ƙwai ya mutu. Marigold pupae hibernate, amma wannan nau'in saɓanin haɗari ne mai haɗari.

Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da dangi

Gidan dan yau na marigolds ana kiransa satyrs da satirids (Satiridae). Har zuwa 'yan kwanan nan, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ƙaramar hukumar Nymphalides. Saboda abubuwan sifofi na bayyanar waje, an sake tsarin tsarin ne kuma wadanda aka tarar suka zama dangi daban. A cikin duniya akwai nau'ikan marigolds 2400. Babban nau'ikan barkono mai launi ana samun su ne a cikin ruwan dazuka mai zafi. Yanayi mai santsi na Palearctic suna rayuwa ne da nau'ikan satyrides 350.

Wakilan dangin marigold suna da alamu da yawa:

• Matsakaici da ƙananan girma - fuka-fuki 30-60 mm.
• Jirgin hawa mai tashi, yana baka damar tserewa daga harin mafarautan.
• Tsarin launi na yau da kullun shine launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa, launin toka, kasancewar ocks spots a gaban da fuka-fukan baya.
• Siffofin wuraren shakatawa - ɗayan jijiyoyin a gindi daga gaban reshin yana kumbura.

Bayanai. Abun launin ruwan kasa launin ruwan kasa da tsarin a idanun mutane sune hanyar kariya ta rubutattun bishiyoyi. Launi mai hankali yana basu damar haɗawa tare da gungumen itace, fuka-fukan fuka-fukai tare da sifofi masu kyan gani.

Ta hanyar tsarin jikin mutum, satyrides suna kama da sinadarai na lilifa. Suna da eriya mai siffar ƙwallon kafa, goshinn ya ragu kuma an rufe shi da gashi a goge. Fuka-fukan suna da fadi, zagaye, cikin kwanciyar hankali a gefe. Wingsan fatar baya-bayanan sukan zama mai fiɗa a gefen. Dimorphism na manya yana da rauni. Yawancin lokaci yana bayyana a cikin tabarau na babban launi na fuka-fuki.

Manya suna ciyar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na fure da tsire-tsire. Ga wasu nau'in, ƙarin abubuwan ganowa suna da mahimmanci don rayuwa mai aiki. Kwayoyin suna samun su daga ƙasa mai laushi, ƙurar dabbobi. Mafi sau da yawa, maza suna buƙatar sodium, ana iya ganin su cikin duka rukuni da aka tattara akan bankunan rafi ko kando.

Kiwo

Ana iya samun Marigold a cikin wasu nau'ikan halittu na halitta - gandun daji, steppes, makiyayan dutse, kan tituna da kuma sharewa. Kwayoyin suna son wuraren inuwa. Suna haɓaka cikin ƙarni ɗaya zuwa uku gwargwadon jinsin da yankin zama. Mace na sanya ƙwai cikin ciyawa ko ƙasa. Caterpillars kore ne mai haske mai tsayi ko ratsi baƙar fata. Sau da yawa aiki da dare, da kyau kame. Pellet a cikin ƙasa ko a ƙasa.

Sennitsa Alpine

Sennitsasimfita (Coenonymphasymphita) yana zaune ne a kan gadaje mai yatsu da ciyawar ciyawa a tsawon 1300 - 2300. An samo shi a cikin Caucasus, Armenia, Turkey. A saman fikafikan fuka-fukai ne, tare da gefen kuma murɗa launin shuɗi ne. Blackaramin baƙar fata a kan fuka-fukann gabbai suna ɗaukar ta da babban haske a ciki. A kan fikafikan hind kuwa akwai wasu misalai iri daya. Murmushin launin toka ne, yana maimaita tsarin a gefen dama.

Mace na sanya manyan qwai a kan kwanciyar hankali a shekara. Bayan kwanaki 8, matafiyu suka bayyana. Suna hunturu a shekara ta biyu. Shekarar ta gaba, sun ci gaba da haɓaka, suna girma zuwa 22 mm. Pupating a cikin shimfiɗar ciyawa. Matsayin dalibi yana makonni biyu. Manya sun tashi a cikin Yuni-Yuli, ci gaba a cikin ƙarni ɗaya.

Idanun Achin

Achin reshen eye-eye malam buɗe ido ko manyan malam buɗe ido ana samunsu a cikin kurmi da kuma yankin gandun daji. Launin fuka-fuki mai launin toka-launin ruwan hoda, akan gaba biyu 5 duhu mai duhu tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi, a baya biyu 3 aibobi. Kashi na baya na fuka-fuki an san shi da wurare masu haske kusa da bakin jijiyoyi tare gefen. Hanyoyin wavy suna gudana tare da gefen ƙarshen fikafikan. Wingspan 55-60 mm. Ana samun Kagglazka Achina a ko'ina cikin Eurasia a cikin farin ciki daji, a wurare masu duhu a kan hanyoyi.

Shekarun manya daga Mayu zuwa Yuli, ci gaba a cikin ƙarni ɗaya. Mace na jagoranci rayuwar rufin asiri, suna ɓoye cikin ɗakunan shukoki ko rawanin bishiyoyi. Maza kan taru a kungiyoyi kusa da ƙananan dabbobin da keɓewar dabbobi. Itaciyar kore tana ciyar da ciyawa, ya rage zuwa hunturu. Dalibai a watan Yuni na shekara mai zuwa. Butterfly aka jera a cikin IUCN Red Jerin.

Furen Peephole

Malam buɗe ido na peephole (Aphantopushyperantus) ya sami wasu kalmomi masu ban sha'awa game da sunan ta - satyr flower, marigold hyperant. Fuka-fuki masu launin ruwan sama har zuwa mm 50 a cikin girman suna da eyesan idanu da haske a kusa da gefen. Desaƙƙar launuka da adadin idanu ba madawwami ba ne. Ana samun kwari a cikin gishiri, a cikin lambuna, wuraren shakatawa, da kuma shuki. Aiki duk lokacin rani, har zuwa farkon Satumba. Babban lokacin bazara shine farkon watan Yuli.

Bayanai. Labalaba peephole fure ko baƙar fata-launin ruwan kasa - ɗayan nau'ikan nau'ikan satyrs a Eurasia.

Mace ta watsar da ƙwai a cikin jirgi, matafilolin ci gaba a kan ciyawa: gajere, kafa, gindi. Manya suna aiki da rana, kuma zuriyarsu sun gwammace su ciyar da dare. Maballin mai launin toka-launin ruwan kasa tare da fararen baƙi tare da bayan. A tsutsa cikin winters, pupates a watan Mayu-Yuni.

Cow ido

Marigold, yana da gashin-ido ko saniya mai saniya (Maniolajurtina) ya fi son budewar halittun halittar dabbobi - gandun dazuzzukan ruwa, dajin daji, da hanyoyi, da kwari. Ana nuna bambancin jima'i a launuka fuka-fuki. A cikin maza, ɓangaren ɓangaren fuka-fuki yana launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. A gefen ƙarshen fuka-fukan nan gaba akwai wuri mai duhu tare da iyakar ruwan lemo. Mata suna da firam-mai-amo a fuka-fukan su. Kokarin imago ya kai mm 50.

An samo maganin buɗe ido na saniya a cikin Afirka ta Arewa, Turai, Asiya ,arama, da Iran. Yankin gabashin gabashin yankin rarraba yankin yana ratsa Yammacin Siberiya. Shekarun imago suna da tsawo - daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa farkon Satumba. Suna ciyar da tsire-tsire na zuma, kamar su aphid excreta. Generationaya daga cikin ƙarni na canzawa a kowace shekara. A ranakun zafi, kwari basa wucewa, suna ɓoye cikin inuwa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Maza ɗayan marigold suna jan rawar marrow a lokacin ladabtar da abokin tarayya. A lokacin jujjuyawar, mace ta sa namiji.

Mace sa ƙwai kan ciyawa, kusa da ƙasa. Maballin ya kasance kore, haske yana gudana akan tarnaƙi. Suna hibernate bayan molt na farko. Caterpillars suna ciyar da dare, tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa - allspice, fescue, bluegrass. A watan Mayu pupate a kan ruwan wukake na ciyawa. Pupa rawaya-kore, an dakatar dashi.

Malam buɗe ido Marigold (hoto): dryad, ido saniya, fure mai peephole, Achin reshe-eye

Butterfly marigold ba ya son haske mai haske, ya fi son wuraren inuwa mai laushi. Ana iya samun wakilan dangi a duk nahiyoyi in banda Antarctica.

Liesan ƙarami da matsakaici na dangin marigolds suna da launuka masu daidaituwa, galibi a launin ruwan kasa, launin toka ko launin ruwan hoda. Hanyar tabo da idanu, sake yin kwalliya suna da sifofi. Wani kebantaccen fasali na imago shine cewa forelimbs an rufe su da gurneti.

Istswararrun masana suna cikin rarrabe rarrabe marigolds ta hanyar kumbura jijiya a jikin fuka-fukan gaba.

Mazaunin Marigold

Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan marigolds 2400 aka ƙidaya, kuma kusan nau'ikan 200 suna zaune a ƙasar tsohuwar USSR. Waɗannan baƙin ƙarfe suna yaɗu ko'ina cikin ƙasarmu. Suna zaune a tsaunuka, gandun daji, tundra da steppes. Mafi sau da yawa, ana samun su akan hanyoyi, farin ciki daji, fadama da kuma a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi.

Jirgin mai “tsalle” mai ban sha'awa yana sa wahalar da tsuntsayen bin marigolds.

Marigold ci gaba

Caterpillars suna haɓaka, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin tsire-tsire hatsi. Yawancin nau'in marigolds suna ciyar da hunturu a matakin mataitsi, ƙasa da sau a matakin kwai. Kwakwalwa kan zauna galibi akan tsire-tsire na hatsi, amma masarautar Galatea, manyan-idanu, vixens sunfi son feshin abinci, ciyawar alkama da kuma bluegrass.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ƙarni ɗaya ke haɓaka kowace shekara. Pupae kwance a kan zuriyar dabbobi ko rataye tare da kawunansu.

Marigolds sun zama ruwan dare gama duniya.

Mafi yawan nau'ikan marigolds

A tsakiyar layin, mafi yawan 'yan dangi sune kofi na chernushka ko Ligeya, karammiski da fatar ido-baki. Waɗannan baƙin ƙarfe suna tashi a cikin Yuli-Agusta. Mafi sau da yawa, ana samun su a cikin furanni na Ivan-shayi, Clover da shaho, kuma mahaukata suna zaune a cikin bikin shayarwa.

Irin nau'in marigolds na yau da kullun don ƙasarmu ita ce ta sa. Ana samun waɗannan baƙin ƙarfe kusan ko'ina cikin bazara.

Fuskokin gaba suna da launin cakulan, suna da babban tabo a jiki. A cikin maza, waɗannan aibobi suna kewaye da zoben orange mai haske.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da waɗannan baƙin labartan suna da launi mai launin shuɗi mai duhu tare da ratsin launin ruwan duhu a bayanansu. Suna haɓaka a cikin hatsi.

A duk duniya akwai wadatattun nau'ikan marigolds.

Wani wakilin ruwan dare na marigolds shine Ligea ko kofi chernushka. Tana da fuka-fukai masu duhu, waɗanda suka kai milimita 26. Wadannan malam buɗe ido suna ba da fifiko ga wuraren buɗe: glades, makiyaya, gefuna daji.

Caterpillars suna ciyar da sedge, hatsi, bluegrass.

Saboda takamaiman launi da maki a fuka-fukan, malam buɗe ido yaudarar makiya.

Akwai kuma wani nau'in marigold na gama gari - Sennitsa. Waɗannan baƙin labarton suna zaune a cikin fadama da ciyayi. Abubuwan da ke tattare da waɗannan ƙwayoyin malam buɗe ido suna ba da fifiko ga ganyayyaki masu narke jini - bluegrass da sedge, amma wasu mutane suna haɓaka a kan abinci.

Ilimin halitta

A cikin Caucasus, ƙananan bel na ciyawa masu cin ciyawa da farin ciki suna zaune a saman iyakar gandun daji daga 1600 zuwa 2200 m.

Generationaya daga cikin ƙarni ɗaya a shekara. Shekaru daga ƙarshen V zuwa farkon farkon VII. Labartflies ciyar a kan nectar na m ciyawa shuke-shuke. Maza wani lokacin sukan shirya faɗa a tsakanin su a gwagwarmayar ƙasa. Mace na sa ƙwai sau ɗaya a lokaci guda a saman ƙwayoyin ciyawa.

Caterpillars suna ciyar da feshin abinci (Festuca), reedweed (Calamagrostis), bluegrass (Poa) da shingehog (Dactylis). Caterpillars ko pupae overwinter (Lvovsky, Morgun, 2007).

A cikin yanayin wucin gadi, haɓaka yana faruwa ba tare da diapause ba kuma za'a iya samun ɓarnatar farko a ƙarshen Yuli.

Daurian-Mongolian fauna

Furucin Daurian-Mongolian, an haɗa shi da yanki tare da yankin na steppe da gandun daji, yana da wakilci sosai a Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Amma a gefen kwarin Amur da a arewa maso gabashin China, ana rarraba har zuwa gaba. Yankunan Soviet Far East, filayen Zeya-Bureya da Khankai sune yankuna waɗanda ba kawai abubuwan abubuwan mutum kaɗai ba, har ma da lura da abubuwan tarihin zamanin Daurian-Mongolian.

Fauna na waɗannan yankuna, kodayake yana da kusanci, amma kuma a lokaci guda, yana da isasshen bambance-bambancen halayyar kowane ɗayan filayen. Kari akan haka, da wuraren zama na dabbobi a kansu shima wasu fasalulluka ne sananne a cikin kowane fili.

A cikin sararin sararin samaniya na Zeya-Bureya a fili, ciyawar ciyawa mai tsayi wadda nan asalin halittar tsirrai daban daban suka bunkasa. Rubasashe masu banƙyama na itacen Mongolian, itacen oak, nau'ikan itace, bishiyoyin apple na Siberiya, ƙyallen hijiyoyi, spirea da wasu nau'in bishiyoyin suna warwatse a cikin ƙananan makiyaya a cikin ciyawar.

Har ila yau ana samun fararen tsibirai da gandun daji Aspen. Hakanan akwai ragowar ciyayi na ciyayi a fili, suna wucewa zuwa tsiron sphagnum (Mari). Tsarin gandun daji na Pine tare da ƙungiyoyi masu tsinkaye tare da tsararren tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa, kamar ciyawar fatar furen, mai gashi, Siberian tansy, Scutellaria zabaikalsky, da keleria, haɓaka kan gangara mai bushe, kan tsaunuka, da kan dogayen riguna tare da ƙasa mai yashi.

Fauna na Zeya-Bureya a bayyane yake shine haɗuwa ta kusancin jinsin da ke fitowa daga nau'ikan halittu masu rayuwa, waɗanda ke tattare da sahun iri-iri.

Daga cikin tsaunin, wadannan nau'ikan sun hada da: Amur gopher, hamil hamster, Daurian hamster, Ungur vole, gabas Siberian bustard, ckin Daurian, jan duck, dokin Siberian, doki mai gemu.

Daga cikin kwari na kwari a Zein-Bureya Plain, akwai marigolds, jauro aurora, wuta-ido, kashe-kashe mai kashe wuta, mai cin hanci, wasu masu cike da wasu.

Duk waɗannan nau'ikan suna da yawa tare da fauna na Gabashin-steppe Transbaikalia, wanda ke da alaƙa da kwarin Amur, wanda yake shi ne nau'i mai kyau don abubuwan ƙazantar Mongolian-Daurian fauna zuwa guguwar gabas. Gaskiya ne, wasu daga cikin nau'in halittu masu ban tsoro - mai golf-dogon daji, malam buɗe ido mai walƙiya mai yaduwa - suna yaduwa a Gabas Siberiya da Gabashin Gabas. Saboda haka, Zeya-Bureya a fili, wata matashiyar kasa ce, tana iya samun wadannan nau'in banda Amur,

Baya ga nau'in halittu masu ban sha'awa, nau'ikan nau'ikan halitta, halayyar gandun daji, makiyaya da ciyawa, suna zaune a sararin Zeya-Bureya. Suna da wuya a danganta su da kowane irin yanayi, tunda galibi ana samunsu tare da nau'in halittu masu ban tsoro.

Daga cikin nau'in gandun daji a karkara, Deer de ea deer, Amur badger, voile na daji Siberian, vole daji, cuckoo, Amur magpie, Ussuri dogon-tailed bullfinch, Amur zhulan, Amur greenfinch, woodcock da sauransu sanannu ne.

Daga cikin kwari na daji da ke a fili, kuli-kuli sun zama gama gari - babban kifin spiraeus, babbar uwar daji mai lu'u-lu'u, da bluefin nifada da pest na pirale.

Daga cikin mazaunan wuraren kiwo, akwai wani ɓangare na lardin Ussuriysky, na mint na farar fata na Siberiya, mai ɗaukar marassa nauyi, da kwari na lepidopteran - Clover jaundice, Amur pea whitewash, Marigold Menetrie da kaurin kai.

Daga cikin dabbobin dabbobi na aladun peat bogs, larch marshes har ma da tundra, Amur lemming, ptarmigan ana samun su ne a kan filayen Zeya-Bureya, kuma na barkono suna da lu'u lu'u-lu'u, lu'ulu'u na sphagnum, manyan marigolds, da pebbles stony da gabashin.

Gabaɗaya, fauna na Zeya-Bureya bayyana wani hadadden fauna ne na musamman wanda ya samo asali sakamakon haɗuwa da abubuwa masu yawa da hotuna masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suka fito daga wurare daban-daban.

A wajen gabas, nau'ikan jinsin mutane da aka sani da ke Zeya-Bureya a hankali sun ɓace, kamar giyar gemu da jan dirin. Akasin haka, zuwa yamma, har zuwa Amur, yawan abubuwan Daurian-Mongolian yana ƙaruwa a hankali.

Don haka, daga Kumara zuwa Jalinda, wasu tarkuna (masu ƙarancin gaba, masu ci), waɗanda ba a samun su akan lafazi, ana ƙaruwa da yawa a kwarin Amur.

A lokaci guda, sauran nau'in halittun da ba a san gabas ba suna bayyana a nan: na malam buɗe ido - matattarar ja, da kwari uku da sauran nau'ikan halittu.

A kan dutsen da ke gefen Shilka, irin wannan halayyar Transbaikal steppes kamar wasan Kamenka-dancer da Siberian sun riga sun bayyana.

A ƙarshe, sahun Mongolian-Daurian fauna shine: sahun ruwan marwa na Mongolian, dutsen Daurian, Daurian pika, zeren da Mongolian larks suna farawa akan Onon.

Transbaikal fauna, wakiliyar dajin arewa mai kyau ta Mongolian-Daurian tare da abubuwanda ke wakiltar gandun daji na gabashin Siberian, sun mamaye Kogin Ingoda.

Fauna na Khankaiskaya a fili yana haɓakawa a cikin yanayin mafi yawan gandun daji na kudu, wanda shine haɗakar tashoshin da ke tafe: filaye masu ban tsoro, makiyaya iri iri, bishiyoyi masu girma, tare da gandun daji masu ban tsoro, itacen-pric-apricot da gandun itacen oak-pine, waɗanda yawanci suna da yanayin shakatawa kuma suna ɗaukar tsire-tsire masu yawa . Haka kuma, bishiyar da ke nan ba talakawa ba ce, kamar yadda take a cikin gandun daji na Zeya-Bureya, amma kabari ne, ana rarrabe shi kawai a kudu na Primorye da kuma iyakar iyakar Korea da arewa maso gabashin China.

A kan dajin Khankai-steppe, mun sami nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa gama gari da Zeya-Bureya a fili, kamar Daurian hamster, Gabashin Siberian, doki na Siberian, mai hawa uku, na kwari na Lepidoptera - Kalangun Gabas, rawaya mai ratsa, ciyawar daji, asu na asu steppe barbel tushen ci, shpanki da sauransu.

A lokaci guda, wasu nau'ikan Mongolian-Daurian da aka saba da su a Zeya-Bureya a bayyane suke a gandun dajin Khankaiskaya: Amur gopher, Uyghur vole, duck ja, marigold malam buɗe ido (akgeya) da sauransu.

Amma a cikin makircin da ke kusa da Hanka irin wannan nau'in halayen Mongolian kamar su tirushka gabas, Radad toad da Mongolian mai cike yake. Bayan haka, kusan dukkan nau'ikan peat na boat, ko mars, ba su nan a layin Khankai.

Ya kasance mai ɗan abin banƙyama don gano kusa da Khanka wani yanki na musamman na dutsen Siberian, nesting a cikin gandun daji-tundra da kuma cikin taiga rami na arewacin Siberiya. Yawancin gandun daji da makiyaya iri iri a cikin dajin Khankai kamar yadda suke kan farawar Amur.

Babban banbanci tsakanin Khankai fauna na gandun daji-steppe da fauna na Zeya-Bureya a bayyane shine kasancewar xerophiles a cikin rukunin farko na musamman, wanda galibi yana da alaƙa da tashoshin dutse da kuma gangara mai kudu wanda ke cike da bishiyoyi da gandun daji na apricot.

Ta hanyar rarraba yanki, wadannan nau'ikan sun mamaye yankin ne tsakanin Arewacin China da Kudancin Dongbei tare da yankunan kusa da Koriya da Primorye na Kudu maso Yamma. Daga cikin waɗannan, mafi yawan halayen sune: goral, gobarar gabashin Asiya ta dutse mai murƙus, barkono - Argunnis zenobia penelope Stg., A. nerippe coreana Btl., Pamphylla dieckmanni Gras, Bubil juniper da dutsen ciyawa.

Ta hanyar al'adu, yakamata a danganta wannan hadadden yanayin zuwa yanayin tsiron Sino-Tibetan da ke zaune don zama a cikin yanayin duwatsu da ke rufe da dazuzzuka. Yada daga gabashin Tibet zuwa Kudancin Primorye, wannan fauna, ba shakka, za'a iya raba abubuwa da yawa. Mafi yawan arewacin su shine rukuni na heliophiles na kewayon da ke sama.

Kodayake wasu daga cikin waɗannan masu daukar hoto suna shiga sassan daji na gabas na Primorye, har ma a wannan yanayin, koyaushe suna kasancewa abokan aminci na biocenosis na karbuwa na dutse.

Murmushin bakin ciki

A lokacin rani, abu ne mai sauƙi ba a haɗuwa da wani wuri waɗannan ƙananan, kamar dai an yi shi ne daga dusar kankara da ƙananan idanu a fuka-fukan. Abun bakin ciki kananan idanu suna kara kyau da kwantar da hankali ga farin ciki da sharewar gandun daji.

Idanun duhu akan fuka-fukan wannan malam buɗe ido, godiya ga edging orange, sunyi kyau musamman.

Wadannan malam buɗe ido suna cikin gidan marigolds, ko kuma satyrid. Ya ƙunshi kusan nau'ikan 2,400 waɗanda ke yaɗu ko'ina cikin duniya.

Satyrs ba tare da hooves ba

Satyrids ya sami suna don girmamawa ga satyrs - ruhohin gandun daji daga tarihin adana na Girka.

Tare da daddaɗa, waɗannan aljanu na haihuwa sun kirkiro da baya na allahn Dionysos kuma suna yawo a bayansa ta cikin gandun daji tare da sarewa da tasoshin giya, rawa, suna nishaɗi da waƙoƙi.

Mutanen sun karɓi wasu sunaye na waɗannan ƙwayoyin marmari: strawberries, ladders, makiyaya. Suna tura mu zuwa dazuzzuka da ciyawa, inda za'a iya samun marigolds a mafi yawan lokuta.

Satyrid yana da sauƙin ganewa ta hanyar fadi, fuka-fukan da ke zagaye da launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa tare da alamun bakin ciki tare da gefen. Wadannan idanu tare da farin dot a tsakiyar, kamar dai tare da ɗalibin buɗe, fasalin halayyar marigolds ne. Wani fasalin shine da ɗan fadadawa, kamar dai kumbura veins a kan reshen gaba.

Na dogon lokaci, an dauki satyrid a matsayin ƙananan ƙwayoyin kiɗa. Waɗannan baƙin ƙarfe suna kama da gaske. Kamar nymphalids, kafafu na gaba na marigolds, an rufe shi da buroshi na lokacin farin gashi, ba a samun ci gaba kuma ba'a amfani dashi lokacin tafiya. Amma jirgin daga satyrid ya bambanta, ana iya ganewa. A hankali suna jujjuya ƙasa a ƙasa, kamar suna ta birgima daga gefe zuwa gefe.

Irin wannan jirgi mai “tsalle”, tare da haɗaɗɗun launuka masu kariya, yana kuɓutar da su daga tsuntsaye, dodon daji da sauran masu farautar. Bugu da kari, idanun da suke gefen aljihun suna jawo hankalin maharin, kuma idan suka yi kokarin kwace boka, zasu taimaka wajen adana gabobin.

Da kyau, tare da fikafikan fuka-fukai zaune a kan akwati na itace ko a ƙasa, marigold kusan ba a gani bane.

Sunaye guda nawa ne kraeglazkirs suke da shi?

Idanun akan fuka-fukan marubutan daga dabi'ar halittar idanun idanun ta an rufe su da karsashin gashi, tibia na tsakiyar kafafunsu sun yi daidai da tsawon kafafu, antennae sunyi kauri sosai, kuma jijiya daya tayi. Abubuwa guda biyu masu kama iri ɗaya ana kiransu sadarin ido: Lasiommata taega da Lasiommata achine.

Daidaitaccen magana, ɗayan yana da ƙarin 'yanci ga wannan, tunda "baƙin ciki" a cikin Latin achine. Bayan haka, sau da yawa an sake fasalin tsarin tsarin malam buɗe ido na rubabben bishiyoyi, masana kimiyya a lokuta daban-daban sau da dama sun bayyana iri ɗaya a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban.

Sakamakon haka, yawancin malam buɗe ido suna da sunaye da yawa, duka biyu Rasha da Latin. Musamman ma, abin da ya kawo bakin ciki ido ana kuma kiransa babban launin ruwan-ido, karammiski, sa-sa-sa-sa-sa-sa, ko kuma bulalar-eyed.

Hakanan ana iya alakanta nau'in tarihin ta hanyar tsohuwar tatsuniyar Girka: Auna na ɗaya daga cikin Nereids, abokin Artemis.

Yardaje ko bambancin mutum?

Baƙin cikin kegglazka yana zaune a Arewacin Afirka, Turai, Angular da Tsakiyar Asiya, a cikin Altai, cikin tsaunin Sayan, a cikin tsaunukan Kazakhstan da Mongolia. Ana iya ganin sa a cikin ciyayi na daji, kusa da tsirrai daji da kuma tsirrai. Tana zuwa tsaunuka zuwa tsawon 2000 m, inda take zaune a cikin ciyayi da bayyane a tsakanin gandun daji da bishiyoyi da ke girma a tsaunukan, da kuma cikin kwari.

Abin baƙin ciki kegglazka shine mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa tare da ƙoshin ocular a fuka-fukan a cikin firam-orange orange. Mata basu da bambanci sosai da maza, amma har yanzu sun fi girma, kuma bangarorin ruwan su sun yi kyau sosai kuma suna da yawa.

Wannan nau'in yana da matukar canzawa: fuka-fukan ƙananan idanun za su iya canza launin daban dangane da yanayin da latti na rarrabawa. Akwai ma wasu subsan tallafi.

Koyaya, sananne ne cewa mutane daga tsakiyar tsararrakin da suka ɓullo a lokacin zafi da lokacin rani ana samun su ta hanyar karuwa da bankunan haske a jikin fikafikan, iri ɗaya ne a cikin reshen Crimean da Caucasian. Don haka, wataƙila batun ɗan bambanci ne na mutum.

Masu son karafa

Yawancin lokaci karamin ido mai baƙin ciki yana ba da ƙarni biyu a shekara, amma akwai guda uku, kuma a cikin tsaunuka ɗaya. Masarautan sun mamaye. Su masu haske ne kore, tare da ratsi mai duhu tare da baya da maki biyu a ƙarshen. A cikin bazara, fitowa daga hunturu, larvae pupate quite da sauri a ƙasa ko rataye akan ganye.

Launi na pupae ya dogara da wurin da aka makala da kuma jima'i na malam buɗe ido a nan gaba: a cikin mata suna da duhu kore, kuma a cikin maza launin rawaya-kore. Tuni a watan Mayu zaka iya ganin 'yan barkatai na farko suna ciyar da furanni. Maza Marigold suna ɓoye ɓoyayyen sirrin don jawo hankalin mata, wanda glandon keɓaɓɓu ne ke samarwa.

Yana shiga cikin sama daga saman sikeli na musamman, wanda ake kira androconium, wanda ke samar da filayen launin shuɗi mai haske a cikin fikafikan fuka-fuki. Maza wani lokacin suna nuna yanayin yanki.

Bayan dabbar ta hanyar mace-macen, mace ta sanya qwai 2-3 a ganyen fesco, bluegrass, reedweed, da wasu wasu hatsi da magudana. A ƙarshen bazara, matafila na biyu sun fito. Har zuwa kaka suna ciyarwa, sannan su gangara zuwa ƙasa, a inda suke yin hunturu.

Bayanin Brief

Class: kwari. Oda: Lepidoptera. Iyali: satyrs, satyrides, ko marigolds. Harshen Genus: Kragglazka. Bayyananniya: bakin ciki kragglazka.

Sunan Latin: Lasiommata maera.

Girman: fuka-fuki - 45-55 mm. Launin launi: launin ruwan kasa mai haske tare da idanu masu haske a cikin canjin launin orange.

Tsammani na rayuwa: kusan shekara guda.

Yanayin Yanayin Jiha “Nurgush”

Mawaƙi A.N. ya kira 'furanni masu tashi' 'labartattun launuka don kayan haske. Maikov (tuna da maganarsa na reshe: "mai yawa daga furanni"?).

Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan 50 na barkono suna sanannu a cikin Nurgush Reserve, wanda nau'ikan 55 suka kasance a ƙarƙashin Matar Rana, a cikinsu akwai iyalai Lyubyanka, Belyanka, Mnogotsvetitsa, Marigold, Sailboats. Duk launuka na bakan gizo suna lullube fikafikan su.

Musamman kyawawan kyawawan litattafan liesan adam ne na Sailing, ko Cavaliers. Mafi yawansu nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi ne da aka jera a cikin Littafin Layi. A cikin katako mai bushe a cikin Yuli, Apollo, mai suna da allah na kyakkyawa, yana iyo kamar farin sail.

Podarilia mai girma ana samunsa lokaci-lokaci a cikin Yuni tare da gefukan daji. A bankunan kogin, Prost a watan Yuni sannu a hankali ya tashi daga fure zuwa fure na Mnemosyne, mai suna bayan allolin tunawa.

Machaon mai ƙarfi da sauri yana iya ganin ko'ina.

Mafi kyawun haske kuma mafi yawan litattafan marubuta a cikin ajiyar kaya sun kasance daga dangin Multiflorum ko na Nymphalidae. Ofaya daga cikin farkon wanda ya bayyana a cikin bazara shine sananniyar cutar urtikaria, farkawa yanayi daga bacci. Mai biye da ita, kifayen kabilu da fikafikan kifi masu tashi biyu suna tashi.

A lokacin bazara, sukan buge da shuɗi-murfin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a kan fikafikan mahaifiyar lu'u-lu'u.

Kirkirar da ya dawo daga hunturu na Arewacin Afirka a farkon bazara, suna cikin sauri don ba da sabon ƙarni, wanda zai tashi zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi a lokacin bazara. Andaƙwalwa da dacewa da Admirals suna yin ƙaura daga yawancin yankuna na kudu zuwa gandun daji.

Maƙasudin buɗe ido kamar injin rana, baƙuwar launin ja-ja, kifin fulo, da makoki sun zama ruwan dare a cikin ajiyar wurin.

Hakanan ba a saba gani ba a Belyanki, musamman lemongrass, waɗanda ke ƙawata kyawawan wurare na ƙasa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Hawthorn tare da fikafikan gilashinta na kwance a hankali yana gudana ko'ina a cikin bazara. Raspnitsa, bryuvennitsy, fis rak, safiya, jaundice - dukkansu talakawa mazauna makiyaya ne da murna.

Marigolds, mazaunan gandun daji na yau da kullun, suna da launi na cakulan, maza suna da ma'auni tare da ƙanshin cakulan. Daga cikin marigolds, ana kiran irin wannan nau'in a matsayin saniyar saniya, lemo, fure peephole, karammiski, marsh cvarushka, bishiyoyi barkono da launin shuɗi.

Lycaenidae suna da ban mamaki cewa a tsakanin su akwai bishiyoyi rasberi, da chervonets mai ruwan lemo, da shudi Icarus da launin ruwan ƙasa Argus. Kayan cin abincinsu na ci aphids. 'Ya'yan tururuwa na ƙaunar asirin waɗannan alamomin kuma sau da yawa suna ɗaukar su zuwa tururuwa don hunturu.

Landasa idan ba tare da malam buɗe ido ba zai zama mai daɗi, in ba tare da su ba babu irin tsire-tsire da furanni iri-iri. Don jawo hankalin malam buɗe ido, furanni sun gama launi, kamanninsu da ƙanshinsu na miliyoyin shekaru.

Sai kawai a cikin ajiyar yanayi, inda kowane tsayayyen yanayi ya tsaya, to, ana iya kiyaye “furannin tashi”.

Salon nau'in halitta da kuma nau'ikan kayan kamshi na dangin Marigold (Satyridae) na garuruwan makiyaya na garin Gomel



Bututun kwari sune ɗayan umarni mafi girma na kwari. Manya na da muhimmanci pollinators na fure shuke-shuke. Wasu nau'ikan kular bishiyar bishiyoyi, waɗanda matafiyu ke ciyar da ganye da allura, na iya bazuwar fashewar taro a cikin gandun daji.

Matsayi na malam buɗe ido a cikin al'adu na dabi'a shine cewa, kamar yadda masu cin abinci na farko suka ba da umarni, mahaɗan haɗin gwiwa ne a cikin sarƙoƙin abinci.

Ciesan adam waɗanda ke haifar da siliki suna da amfani ga mutane. Ana amfani da nau'ikan caterpillars da pupae a matsayin abinci mai wadataccen furotin.

Za'a iya amfani da caterpillars na wasu nau'in a cikin sako sako.

Makasudin aikin shine nazarin nau'ikan jinsin da ayyukan lokaci na katako na dangin Marigolds na makiyaya al'ummomin yankin Gomel.

Mahimmancin aiki na aikin ya ta'allaka ne da cewa an samo bayanai game da bambancin jinsin da ayyukan lokaci na Lepidoptera dangin marigold don tantance tasirin tasirin cutar ɗan adam a cikin tsaran yanayi, i.e.

don bioindication na jihar makiyaya. Tunda yanzu a yanzu yawan wakilan dokar Lepidoptera yana raguwa, wannan binciken zai taimaka wajen jawo hankalin mutane game da matsalar kiyaye manyan birni na manyan biranen kasar.

Abinda aka bincika shine dangin Lepidoptera (Satyridae) na makiyayan Gomel.

An gudanar da nazarin filayen ne daga Mayu zuwa Agusta 2016 a cikin busassun makiyaya na garin Gomel.

Tashar 1 - makiyaya mai kwari a cikin filin rami mai lamba No. 17 yana da mawuyacin sauƙi, amma lokaci-lokaci ana rikita shi da ƙananan haɓaka. Abun da ake amfani da shi na kayan abinci na busasshen ciyayi shine keɓantaccen hatsi, lemo, da sauran ganye.

Tashar 4 - makiyaya mai tsafta "Pokalyubichi" an tsare shi da bushe da wurare masu tsayi da ƙasa mai haske.

Irin waɗannan wuraren ana kiransu da wuraren da ake kira ciyayi mai ciyawa, a cikin meadowgrass na ciyawa, sha'ir lu'ulu'u da kanana.

Daga cikin ganyayyaki, guduro mai dunƙulen an haɗe shi da su, culbab yana da ƙarfi, hawan gashi, wani lokacin yana ɗaukar kusan murfin ci gaba, cinquefoil shine silvery.

Hanyar Bincike. Kwayoyin halittar da muka yi nazari dasu ana ziyarta su sau 4 a wata domin gyara farkon jirgin da kuma adadin nau'in kwaroron roba da dangin mu suka samo. Yawan nau'in halitta a watanni daban-daban na bazara ya bambanta, saboda haka, an ziyarci halittun kwayoyin a lokuta daban-daban na rana sau 4 a wata.

Bayan haka, kowace balaguro zuwa hanyoyin nazarin halittu sun kunshi hanyoyi uku don inganta nau'in nau'ikan kukan wannan gidan a cikin wata daya.

Babban hanyar don kirga yawan adadin rubabbun bisharar rana shine hanyar hanya, lissafin gani da tarin samfuran samfuran. Hanyar (kimanin kilomita 1) an sanya ta a kan abubuwan tarihin da aka zaɓa, wanda aka la'akari da abubuwan haɗuwa da ƙwaƙwalwar rana.

Butterflies aka kama ta amfani da dabaru na yau da kullun, an aiwatar da ƙuduri ta amfani da teburin ƙuduri, sannan an rarraba nau'ikan rubutattun ƙwaƙwalwar littafi.

An ƙaddara tsarin al'ummomi ta amfani da abubuwan nuna bambancin da yawa: ƙirar Shannon, Simpson, da kuma sanyin Piel.

An gudanar da aikin ƙididdigar yawan bayanan da aka samo ta amfani da shirin EXEL akan komputa na mutum.

Bambancin jinsunan wakilan tawagar Marigold a asibiti 1 ana wakilta su 5. Yawan watannin watan Yuli na iyalin Satyridae an gabatar dasu a cikin Tebur 1.

Yawa da nau'in halittar dangin Lepidoptera Satyridae a asibiti 3

Dangane da bayanan Table 1, zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa yawancin jinsuna a cikin wannan biotope sune: Lasiommata megera ♀, Lasiommata megera ♂, Maniola jurtina ♂, Maniola jurtina ♀. Wannan mai yiwuwa saboda asalin abincin da ya dace ne na waɗannan nau'in: fescue, bluegrass.

Hakanan yana da alaƙa da lokacin kiwo na waɗannan nau'ikan ƙwayayen waɗannan nau'ikan da kuma babbar gasarsu a cikin wurin da aka bayar [2, 3] An samo nau'in halittar Lopinga na Red Book akan wannan biotope.

Matsayin tarurruka yana da yawa sosai, wanda ke nuna cewa wannan nau'in ɗan ɗabi'a ne na wannan yankin.

Jirgin sama na Lepidoptera tsakanin wannan asibitin ya fara ne a watan Mayu, amma malam buɗe ido ya fi ƙarfin aiki a cikin watan Agusta. Wannan mai yiwuwa saboda girman anthropogenic ne akan wannan asibiti a watan Yuni da Yuli, saboda akwai yankin nishaɗin kusa da makiyaya.

Yawancin nau'in halitta da yawan nau'ikan Satyridae a asibiti 2 ana nuna su a cikin Jadawalin 2. A cewar teburin, yawancin ire-iren wannan biotope sune: Aphantopus hyperanthus, Hipparchia autonoe, Hyponephele Lycaon. Mutane 77 ne daga cikin ire-iren waɗannan mutane.

Muhimmancin nau'in Hyponephele Lycaon yana da alaƙa da mazauninsa: wannan nau'in ya fi son tushen ɓarna na busasshen ciyayi [4, 5]. Yawancin mutane daga nau'in halittar Aphantopus hyperanthus suna da alaƙa da cibiyar abinci wanda ya dace: yalwar yanyanda yayan biri da kwayar cuta.

Mafi mahimmancin nau'in cutar lepidopteran Hipparchia autonoe mai yiwuwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa suna zaune ne a cikin mafaka ko kuma kwayoyin halittu masu ƙarancin nauyin anthropogenic, wanda shine asibiti 2.

Yawa da nau'in halittar dangin Lepidoptera Satyridae a asibiti 2

Gudun ɓarnatattun bishiyoyi tsakanin wannan halittu ya fara ne a watan Mayu, lepidoptera na wannan dangi ya kai ga mafi girman aikinsu a watan Yuli-Agusta (an samu mutane 118 waɗanda ke da nau'in 9), waɗanda ke da alaƙa da tushen abinci mai kyau a cikin waɗannan watannin, yanayin yanayi mai kyau da lokacin kiwo na lebidoptera na velvet iyali. .

Ya kamata a sani cewa Station 2 tana wakiltar jinsin da ya fi girma Station 1. A tashar 2, an samo nau'ikan marigolds 9, kuma a tashar 1 akwai nau'ikan 7 na dangin Lepidoptera (Satyridae). Hakanan, a asibiti 2, 34.3% ƙarin mutane sun sadu da su fiye da asibiti 1.

Irin waɗannan bambance-bambance a cikin yawan Lepidoptera, tabbas saboda gaskiyar cewa asibiti 1 tana ɗaukar babban nauyin anthropogenic saboda yankin nishaɗar da ke kusa.

A asibiti 4, an samo nau'ikan: Melanargia russiae, Hipparchia autonoe, Coenonympha pamphilus, Hyponephele Lycaon ♂, waɗanda ba a haɗuwa da su a asibiti 1.

Wannan mai yiwuwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa waɗannan nau'ikan ba za su iya rayuwa cikin yanayi mai nauyi irin na anthropogenic, wanda aka lura dashi a asibiti 1, da kuma kayan abinci na irin waɗannan nau'in. Bugu da kari, a asibiti 2, jinsunan Coenonympha amuntas (4.7%) sun fara haduwa, wanda ba a samu a kowace irin kwayoyin ba.

Wannan, a fili, yana da alaƙa da wadataccen abinci na abinci a wannan ciyawar. A asibiti 1, an samo nau'ikan: Lasiommata megera ♀, Lasiommata megera ♂, cimma burin Lopinga, wanda bai faru ba a asibiti 4. Wannan mai yiwuwa saboda ƙirar abinci na waɗannan nau'in da rayuwa mai kyau a ƙarƙashin karuwar damuwa na rashin lafiyar ɗan adam.

Tsarin al'ummar Lepidoptera na dangin Satyridae a cikin nau'ikan makiyaya na Gomel:

1) marigold community an wakilce su da yawa a cikin nau'ikan asibiti 2, saboda ƙididdigar Shannon shine 0.942 (2.1), kuma ƙa'idar ta tanada daga 1.5 zuwa 3.5, kuma mafi girman alamar, mafi girman wakilcin nau'in. Wannan na iya yiwuwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ilimin halittar da muke karantawa yana da isasshen abinci na forage, saboda samuwar ƙwayar ruwa a bazara.

2) mafi yawan nau'in halitta sun mamaye asibiti 3, saboda tsinkayen jigon Simpson shine 0.2 (2.2), kuma tsarin samfuran Simpson ya tashi daga 0 zuwa 1, kuma mafi girman alamar, yawancin jinsin sun mamaye biotope.

3) Harshen Piel yana nuna mana cewa al'ummomin da muka yi nazari (Satyridae) an kafa su a duk asibitoci, saboda ƙididdigar daidaituwa a asibitocin 1 da 2 shine 0.427 da 0429 (2.3), bi da bi, ƙa'idar sa daga 0 zuwa 1, kuma, kusantar hadin kai, da yawan rikicewar al'umma, ko kuma a matakin samuwar ne.

Sakamakon nazarin Lepidoptera dangin marigold akan tsarin makiyaya na yankin Gomel, bisa la'akari da yawan haruffan haruffa, al'adun jinsunan da kuma ayyukan yau da kullun na wannan gidan ya bayyana.

Mun sadu da mutane 280 wadanda ke da nau'ikan 13, daga cikinsu akwai jinsuna 2 a cikin jeri na Red na Jamhuriyar Belarus: Erebia aethiops da Lopinga cimma, waɗanda ke da rukunin kariya II da III. A asibiti 1, mutane 111 wadanda ke da nau'ikan 7 ke ciki, daga cikinsu akwai waɗanda suka fi fice sune: Lasiommata megera ♀, Lasiommata megera ♂, Maniola jurtina ♂, Maniola jurtina ♀ (76).

A cikin asibiti 2, mun sadu da mutane 169, waɗanda suke mallakar jinsuna 9. Daga cikinsu sun rinjayi: Aphantopus hyperanthus, Hipparchia autonoe, Hyponephele Lycaon (mutane 77).

A cikin ziyarar wata-wata zuwa asibitocin da aka yi nazari daga watan Mayu zuwa Agusta, mun lura cewa jirgin ƙwararrun kuliyoyi na dangi (Satyridae) a cikin asibitocin da aka yi nazari yayin lokacin karatun ana aiwatar da su ne a cikin Yuli - Agusta. A cikin waɗannan watan ne lambobin dangin Lepidoptera (Satyridae) suka ƙaru.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura: har ma a cikin iyakokin al'ummomin birane, al'ummomin ɗabi'a na asali sun haɓaka waɗanda ke buƙatar kariyar da kariya, tun da suna ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga tsarin rayuwar Jamhuriyar.

1. Pesenko Yu.A. Ciplesa'idoji da hanyoyin ƙididdigar ƙididdigar yawan karatu. - Moscow: Nauka, 1982. - 282 p.
2. Anfinogenova V.G. Umurni Lepidoptera Lepidoptera // Invertebrates na Pripyatsky National Park. - Minsk, 1997 .-- S. 129-141.
3. Hodko E.I. Kwayoyin dazuzzukan mu. - Minsk: Kimiyyar Belarusiya, 2008. - 38 p.
4. Gornostaev G.N. Mabuɗin umarni da kwari na ƙungiya ta tsakiyar ɓangaren Turai na USSR. - Moscow: Jami'ar Jihar Moscow, 1986 - 118 p.
5. Kaabak L.V. Labalaba na duniya. - Moscow: Avanta, 2003 .-- 458 p.

Ka'idojin Mabuɗi(aka kirkira ta atomatik): nau'in, asibiti, biotope, tsarin nau'in, makiyaya na sama, dangi, mutum ɗaya, ɗan kwalliya, dangin lepidopteran na marigold, gundumar Gomel.

Maballin Gandun daji - Labarai kan Fim da Lumber

All-Fanera> Labarai> Bayani mai amfani> Butterflies na daji

Abune kawai da aka saukar dasu don saukarda kuliyoyin ku. Amma ba za mu manta cewa a baya kyawun waɗannan baƙin ƙarfe suna lalata ayyukan larvae su ba - dodon ruwa, wasu lokuta kuma an yi musu ado da wasu '' lu'ulu'u '' daban-daban - warts masu launuka, karin magana, gashin launuka masu yawa, da dai sauransu.

GASKIYA tana faranta maka rai tare da irin kayanta masu kyau. A baya can, ana kuma kiranta mayafin makoki. Malam buɗe ido ya bunkasa cikin ƙarni biyu.

Kowannensu yana da takamaiman launi, a kan iyakar gefuna. Bishigogi na ƙarni na biyu tare da iyakar rawaya da aka nuna a hoto. Malam buɗe ido na ƙarni na farko yana da farin iyaka.

Cututtukan itace na baƙin ciki suna lalata ganyen Birch, poplar, Willow, Aspen da sauran nau'ikan.

SUMMER LANDWATER ya shahara saboda canza launin fuka-fukansa da launuka iri-iri. Sunan marubucin Ingilishi wanda aka fassara daga Latin zuwa Rasha yana nufin "Trojan", i.e. mazaunin tsohuwar birni ne mai suna Troy. Jirgin sama mai tashi yana farawa a cikin Yuli, yana ƙare a watan Agusta. Kwakwalwarta suna ciyar da ganye ne akan ganye.

TOPOLEVY TAPE FLAPTER ya tashi a cikin watan Yuni-Yuli a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu haske. Ana kiran sa kintinkiri don wurin fararen tabo a jikin fikafikan tef ɗin.

Ribbon yakan tattara a cikin wurare masu laushi na gandun daji, a gefen rafuffukan daji, kusa da ruwan sama, da kuma ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga itacen bishiya. Kuna iya haduwa da shi a gefunan daji da hanyoyi.

Abubuwan da yake so shine ganyen Aspen da sauran nau'ikan poplar.

Ana iya samun ZORKA a tsakanin ciyawar daji a watan Mayu-Yuni. Mace ta bambanta da namiji, wanda aka sanya hotonsa a wannan shafin.

Ba ta da manyan lemuran lemu mai haske a saman rabin fikafikan gaba, farare ne, kuma na baya sune marmara. An baya na baya na fikafikan hagu biyu mai launin shuɗi tare da ɗigon baki da fararen fata.

A cikin tsoffin littattafan adabi na Rashanci, ana kiran wannan malam buɗe ido Aurora, sunan allolin almara na asuba.

HORSE ya ɓata lokaci a cikin bazara, yana fitowa a matsayin ɗayan na malam buɗe ido. Ya fara tasowa a kudu a cikin ƙarni biyu. Kodayake ana kiran malam buɗe ido a cikin maganin urticaria, masarautanta tare da duka broods suna kai hari ba nettles ba, amma wllows willows. A lokaci guda, suna taƙama da rassa tare da zaren siliki.

MAGANAR NIOBE, tana tashi a watan Yuni-Agusta, kuma tsarinta a saman fikafikan sama yayi kama da ƙaramin chessboard. A bangon fikafikan sa baƙi masu kazanta ko digogin haske tare da tintin azurfa ko kuma ba tare da shi ba an ambaci malam buɗe ido a ƙarƙashin tarihin mahaifiyar Thebes - Amphion. Kwakwalwarta ta ɗanɗana kamar ƙaƙƙarfan daji.

MALITARY FLOWER ana samunsa a ƙarshen gandun daji. Launin fuka-fuki ya bayyana sunan sa. Maƙasai suna tashi daga Yuli zuwa kaka, kuma bayan lokacin sanyi a wurare amintattu ko kuma a cikin mazaunin mutum, sai su sake fitowa a bazara. Macizai suna lalata ire-iren ire-iren su, daskararren itace, Willow da bishiyoyi.

Dabbobin shanu a kan ƙananan fuka-fuka suna da “idanu” biyu. Irin wannan nau'in jinsin da aka ƙayyade sunan Carl Linnaeus ne ya ba da malam buɗe ido. Buƙatar jirgin sama jirgin Mayu-Yuni. Yana da proboscis mai tsayi, a cikin maraice yana tattara nectar daga furanni akan saurin tashi, ba tare da zama akan su ba. Brazhniki - mafi kyawun ƙyallen takardu a tsakanin man shanu. Kwakwalwarta suna lalata filawar willow da bishiyoyi.

KAYA BEAR tana da fuka-fukan wuta, wanda hakan ya baiwa Karl Linnaeus damar kiran sa ta Girka. Kamar yadda launi na harshen wutan yake canzawa, haka yake kuma yanayin yadda fuka-fuki na abincin abincin yake. Malam Buɗe Ido ke tashi a cikin Yuli-Agusta.

YELLOW a hotonmu wani namiji ne mai kyawu. Sunan Latin na ilimin kimiyya don malam buɗe ido ya fito ne daga kalmar "Kolias" - ɗaya daga cikin sunayen lakabi na allahntaka mai suna Aphrodite, da sunan nau'in a madadin Palaeno - ɗayan sunayen nymph, mazaunin wurare masu laima. Lallai, igiyar malam buɗe ido tana ciyar da shuwagabanin furanni masu girma a cikin gandun Peat, tsakanin gandun daji Ana kiranta peat jaundice.

TAPE RED don kyakkyawa shine sunan Latin "amarya". A baya can, yana da wani suna - jan sash. Wani malam buɗe ido yana tashi da daddare da maraice a cikin watan Yuli-Satumba, kuma yayin rana yana zaune gaba daya a kan kututture bishiyoyi. Lokacin da ta kai hari, sai ta buɗe fikafikanta kuma ta tsoratar da abokan gaba da jan kintinkiri a cikin fikafikan hular. Maƙanƙan nusai na lalata nau'ikan poplars Aspen da Willow.

BLUE TAPE wanda aka samo a cikin gandun daji daga Yuli zuwa Satumba. Amma lura da ita ba mai sauki bane. Bayan kunsa-fikafikan fuka-fukai a kan saukowa akan gungumen itace, ya zama kusan ba'a iya ganuwa da tushen bishiyar bishiyar itace. Maƙanƙan cikin maɓarnata suna lalata maple, poplar, Willow, Elm, ash da sauran bishiyoyi masu lalacewa.

Pestruska mai fikafikai mai fuka-fukai tare da fasalulluka na fasali mai ƙyalli a ƙasan daji a watan Mayu-Yuni. A kudu shine ƙarni na biyu a watan Agusta da Satumba. Ba a rarrabe namiji tsakanin mace da mace. Farar fata an gano ta a fikafikan sa. Malam buɗe ido yana da ɗan kama da almara meadowsweet. Ana samun caterpillars a cikin sahu da bazara na nomad, suna girma a cikin gandun daji da kuma tsakanin tsirrai.

PAMLAMUTRA yana bazama tsakanin gandun daji da ciyawa. Ingancin malam buɗe ido yana da takamaiman sunan Latin “nymph”. Mun kasance muna kiran malam buɗe ido wani blackberry. Kwakwalwarta suna ciyar da wasu nau'ikan blackberries gandun daji.

Manyan furucin ƙasa na da ƙananan fuka-fukai masu launin kore da ke ƙasa da raunin lu'u-lu'u. Mun kira shi da alkyabbar sarauta. A kudu, a lokacin girma, malam buɗe ido ya tashi sau biyu - a watan Yuni-Yuli da Satumba-Oktoba. Uwar lu'u lu'u suna lalata violet a cikin gandun daji, yawancin nau'ikan daga dangin Rosaceae da sauran tsirrai.