Cougar - Babban dillali daga dangin cat, wani yanki ne na cougar da ke zaune a Arewacin Amurka. Cougars suna da sauri da tsufa, suma basa buƙatar ƙarfi da ƙarfin hali: suna farautar ganima tare da nauyi sau da yawa fiye da nasu. Yawancin lokaci ba masu haɗari bane ga mutane, wani lokacin ma ana tarko dasu kuma ana kiyaye su azaman dabbobi.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
A cikin Paleocene, shahidai-kamar mafarauta, myacids, ya tashi, kuma daga gare su ne ƙarar yanke hukunci, gami da kare-kare da cat-kamar. Bangaren juyin halitta na kariyar-albarkatu ya haifar da na biyu - waɗannan dabbobin sun zauna duniyarmu a Oligocene, kuma a cikin Miocene an maye gurbinsu da albarkatun psvedoprotea.
Daga gare su ne manyan dabbobin ruwa na cat guda uku suka samo asali: kuliyoyi masu tsini-tsintsiya (ƙonewa), ƙanana manya da ƙanana - cougars shima suna na ƙarshen. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa kananan kuliyoyi ba lallai ba ne ƙanƙantaye - don haka, cougars kansu manya ne manya. Mabuɗin don rarrabewa shine damar girma, jinsin da yake ciki na mallakar manyan kuliyoyi ne.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Abin da cougar yayi kama
A tsayi, cougar yawanci daga 110 zuwa 165 cm, kuma a tsawo 55-75 cm. Sun kuma auna nauyi - 55-110 kg. Suna da nauyin ƙasa da damisa, zakuna da jaguars, amma har yanzu suna da hatsarin magabaci. Maza da mata sun bambanta a cikin babba - maza sun fi girma kuma suna awo kusan kwata.
Cougar yana da jiki mai kyan gani da sassauƙa, shugaban yana da ɗan ƙarami, kamar kunnuwan, dabba tana da tsawo. Hannun paws suna da yawa, an ɗora su da kaifi masu kaifi, waɗanda zai iya zanawa. Tare da taimakonsu, ya hau bishiyoyi, ya kama ganima, har ila yau suna iya zama makamai a kan wasu mafarauta ko kabilu. Yana da lahani sosai, yana hawa bishiyoyi da kan dutse da sauri, yana hawa ko da sauri daga gare su, yana iya haɓaka saurin gudu yayin farauta, yana iyo sosai - bai damu sosai da abubuwan da ke hana ruwa gudu ba. Kafafun hular sun fi girma da cincin goshi, wani ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ya faɗo akan su. Tana da dogon wutsiya mai ƙarfi.
Hakora 30 na Cougar suna da tsummoki masu tsayi, waɗanda suke kama ganima, kuma suna soki fata da tsokoki, suna saurin jijiyoyi. Akwai kananan incisors, tare da su ya “tattara” ganima, cire gashinsa ko ulu daga ciki. Hakora suna da ƙarfi sosai, dabbar za ta iya tsage nama cikin sauƙi har ma da ƙasusuwa. Ta hanyar hakora ne zaka iya gano shekarun cougar: lokacin da ya kai watanni 4 suna da kiwo, daga shekara 7-8 watanni suka fara maye gurbinsu da ainihin, kuma daga baya sama da shekaru 2 wannan tsari ya ƙare. Sannan sannu a hankali sun rasa kaifi saboda yawan nika da sannu a hankali, saboda waɗannan sigogi zasu iya bambanta samari da masu matsakaitan shekaru, da waɗanda daga tsofaffi.
Cougar yana da furfura mai kauri, amma ba ya bambanta da tsayi da silikiess, saboda bugun su ba shi da daɗi kamar yadda wasu manyan kuliyoyi ke yi. Launi mai kauri ne, launin toka-mai-haske - yayi kama da zaki, amma ya ɗan kashe. Launin su yayi kama da launi na fur ko fatun waɗancan dabbobi da suke farauta - don haka cougars suna haifar da ƙarancin tuhuma, yana da sauƙi a gare su su zage dantse. Sau da yawa akan fata akwai may fari ko duhu. Matasa cougars suna da yawa kuma sun fi kyau, su ma ana iya ganin su da shuɗi idanu - yayin da suke girma sun zama amber ko launin ruwan kasa, kuma tare da wannan, yawancin tabo da ke jikin mayafin sun shuɗe.
Ina cougar yake zaune?
Hoto: Katako na Cougar
Puma tana da fannoni da yawa, wanda ya hada da Kudancin Amurka da kuma wani yanki mai yawa na Arewa, gami da Mexico, mafi yawan Amurka ban da wasu jihohin gabashin, da kuma iyakokin kudu na Kanada. Tun da farko, cougars sun kasance da yawa a cikin wannan sararin samaniya, yanzu lamarin ya canza.
Kai tsaye masu tallata hadin gwiwar suna zama ne kawai a Arewacin Amurka. A gabashin Amurka, akwai yan kadan daga cikin wadannan dabbobin, 'yan kalilan ne ke zama, a tsakiyar yankin kuma a Kanada adadinsu ya ragu sosai: galibi sun zauna a wuraren tsaunin da babu iyaka. Yankin yamma shine yawancin jama'a da ke amfani da shi a Arewacin Amurka, galibi Dutsen Duwatsu ne.
A Kudancin Amurka, yanayin yana kama da haka: a cikin wasu yankuna na yankin da waɗannan kuliyoyin da suke zama a baya, ba sa rayuwa, a wasu mutane kaɗan ne. Gabaɗaya, kodayake, ana iya samun su a duk ƙasashen wannan nahiya daga Columbia a arewa zuwa Argentina da Chile a kudu. Cougars ya zauna a cikin wurare daban-daban: a filin, a cikin tsaunuka, gandun daji da fadama. Suna iya daidaita abincin zuwa wurin da suke zaune, launin suturar su ma ya canza don dacewa da ita. A cikin tsaunuka za su iya hawa sosai, kuma ana samun su a wani nisan sama da 4,000 m.
Gedasasshen ƙasa mai karko ga waɗannan dabbobin ba matsala ba ce, kawai akasin haka ne: suna sauƙin shawo kan matsalolin, kuma ya fi sauƙi a gare su don farauta. Babban abu shi ne cewa yakamata a sami karin samar a kusa - wannan kusan shine kawai ma'aunin abin da cougar ya zaɓi yankin don rayuwa. Na biyu - ya kamata ya zama mai natsuwa, nesa ba kusa da ƙauyukan cougars ba haɗuwa. Hakanan ana buƙatar cewa tafki na ruwa a cikin yankin mafi kusanci: zaku iya sha a ciki, kuma kullun akwai wadatar samarwa a nan kusa.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo cougar. Bari mu ga abin da ya ci.
Me cougar yake ci?
Hoto: Cougar a yanayi
A menu na menu, wannan dabbar an hada da wadatar. Wannan shi ne:
Wannan babban farashi ne, mafi yawan lokuta yana da nauyi fiye da cougar da kanta, sabili da haka yana ɗaukar dogon lokaci, kuma farauta ɗaya mai nasara tana ba ku damar damuwa da abinci. Koyaya, cougars yakan kashe dabbobi da yawa fiye da yadda zasu iya cin nama, kuma har ma tare da hannun jari suna ci gaba da farauta. Amma ba sa raina ƙananan abin ci, idan babba ya kasa.
Cougar na iya ganuwa a:
Suna da isasshen ruwan sama wanda zai iya kama tsuntsu mara kulawa, kuma su ci shi ma. Iya ikon kifi da ƙauna katantanwa. Cougar mai jin yunwa yana iya kashewa kuma ya ci ƙabila ko lynx, kuma suna da haɗari ga matasa mahara. A wata kalma - barazanar daga gare su tana zuwa ga kusan duk wata dabba da take tafe.
Koda bears ba zai iya jin lafiya ba - cougar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaya ne, wanda aka saba don farauta babban wasa, don haka yana iya kai musu hari. Waɗannan mainlya mainlyaran beari ne na bears, duk da haka mawuyacin girma ya fi ƙarfin cougar. Hakanan ana kashe dabbobi: wannan ya shafi dabbobi, da kuma dabbobi - karnuka. kuliyoyi da sauransu. Amma irin wannan harin ba kasafai yake faruwa ba, tunda cougars sun gwammace su zauna a wuraren da dabbobi ke da wuya. Suna da damar farauta ba kawai a ƙasa ba, har ma a kan bishiyoyi.
Cougar yayi ƙoƙari ya hanata zuwa ganima har zuwa abin da yake so, bayan haka sai ya yi tsalle ya yi ƙoƙarin karya wuyan wanda aka kashe a nauyinsa. Idan wannan bai yi amfani ba, to ya yi ƙoƙari ya kama ta da makogwaron ta ya maishe ta. Idan ba zai yiwu a ci ganima a lokaci ba, yakan ɓoye ragowar cougar ta binne su a ƙarƙashin ganye ko dusar ƙanƙara. Daga nan ana iya komawa ga gawa marar ƙarewa sau da yawa. Wasu lokuta yakan kashe sabon ganima, cike yake, kuma kusan baya cin abinci, ko ma ya bar shi ba'a taba shi ba. Wannan ya kasance Indiyawan amfani da ita: suna neman wuraren da gawa ta ɓoye, suka ɗauka. Abin sha'awa shine, idan cougars kansu sun sami kayan wani, to, ba za su taɓa shi ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Cougar yana da ƙarfi da taƙasa wanda zai iya jan gawa har sau 7 fiye da nauyinta.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Cougar Cat
Cougars suna zaune shi kaɗai, suna haɗuwa cikin nau'i-nau'i kawai a lokacin lokacin balaga. Halinsu ba shi da fakiti ko ma mutane da yawa da za su rayu: kowa yana farauta da kansa, ba ya raba ganima, ba ya taɓa hannun wani. Cougar yana da yankin kansa, wanda suke farauta, aƙalla dubun kilomita murabba'i ne, wani lokacin daruruwan ɗari. Maza suna da manyan “asashe”, kuma mace suna zaune a gefen gaba gare su. Idan kayan mallakar maza biyu suka yi iyaka, to rikici na iya tashi a tsakaninsu har sai dayansu ya tashi don neman ɗayan shafin - wani lokacin har ma sun ƙare da mutuwar ɗaya daga cikin cougars. Mata yawanci ba sa rikici da juna.
A lokaci guda, youngan samari, waɗanda kwanan nan suka fara rayuwa daban da mahaifiyarsu, suna iya farauta tare na ɗan wani lokaci, amma suna rarrabuwa akan lokaci kuma kowannensu yana bincika ko karɓar ƙasa ba tare da sauran asirin cat ba. A cikin rukunonin yanar gizon su, cougars suna motsawa dangane da kakar: a wani ɓangare suna ciyar da hunturu, a ɗayan bazara. Yankin iyakokin da ya wuce wanda kabilun ba su motsa ba suna masu alamar fitsari da sikari. Cougars suna da natsuwa sosai, kuma ana iya jin sautikan murya daga gare su kawai a lokacin lokacin canjin.
Lokacin aiki yakanyi yawanci da daddare, a ranar da suke barci. A cikin duhu ya fi sauƙi gare su su yi zage-zage a kan wanda aka azabtar. Koyaya, wasu lokuta sukan farauta da rana - galibi idan suna jin yunwa. Idan sauran manyan kuliyoyin za su iya kai hari ga mutum, cougar ba ya son wannan, yawanci yakan tafi. Yankin zai iya faruwa ne kawai idan cougar ya fahimci cewa mutum na shirin kai masa hari kuma ya yanke shawarar cewa ba zai iya tserewa ba. Waɗannan dabbobi masu haƙuri: lokacin da aka kama su cikin tarko, ba su tsoro, amma a hankali suna ƙoƙarin 'yantar da kansu.
Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, kawai suna dakatar da motsi kuma suna iya jira kwanaki da yawa har sai wani ya zo ya duba tarkon: kuma a nan za ku iya tsammanin za a kawo harin daga gare su, amma ba nan da nan ba, amma bayan an sake su, kafin game da wannan suna iya yin kaman suna bacci.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Cougar a yanayi
Lokacin kiwo na cougars yana farawa da hunturu kuma zai ci gaba har zuwa lokacin bazara. A wannan lokacin, sun zama marasa hutawa, yawanci fada yakan faru tsakanin maza. Kowane namiji yana sha'awar duk macen da ke zaune a maƙwabta - kuma yana iya zama 3-8 daga cikinsu. Matar na dauke da ‘ya’yan a cikin kimanin watanni uku, bayan haka sun bayyana daga daya zuwa shida. A tsayi, sun kasance daga babban yar kyanwa - 30 cm, kuma suna awo 300-400 gr. Mayafin yana launin ruwan kasa, aibanin baki ya tafi da shi - yana haskakawa shekara. Kittens sun buɗe idanun su a farkon sati na biyu na rayuwa, sannan haƙoran su suka yanke.
A wannan lokacin, suna da wasa musamman kuma suna cin madarar uwa, an ƙara nama zuwa wannan don wata ɗaya da rabi, amma suna ci gaba da shan madara. Sun zauna tare da mahaifiyarsu har zuwa 1.5-2 shekaru, sannan suyi binciken ƙasar su, amma zasu iya kasancewa a cikin kungiyar har zuwa watanni shida. Suna balaga ta hanyar shekaru 2.5 cikin mata kuma a cikin maza uku, kuma suka rayu matsakaicin shekaru 10-14. Yana zama da wahala tsoffin cougars su farauta, saboda haka sukan mutu saboda ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki ko kuma raunukan da suka samu - ganima ko wasu mafarauta. K fursuna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin zaman talala, zaku iya samun dumular cougar da damisaarda, ana kiranta pumapard. Wannan dabba a jikin mutum tayi kama da yar tsintsiya, amma karama ce babba kuma tana da aibobi akan fatar kamar damisa.
Abokan gaba na cougars
Hoto: Abin da cougar yayi kama
Cougars bashi da farautar makiya a koyaushe.
Wasu lokuta rikici tare da masu tsinkaye kamar:
Mafi sau da yawa, cougars suna farawa da farko, amma idan suka kai musu hari, zasu iya ɓoyewa daga kowane dabbobin da aka lissafa. Shin cewa jaguar yana da damar kama su, amma har ma yawanci yana da haɗari ban da ƙaramin cougars. Haka yake tare da kyarketai - har ma fakitin karnukan kishiyoyi ba sa kai hari cougar lafiya, domin sun san cewa zai yi tsada da yawa.
Don haka, cougars bashi da abokan gaba na zahiri, kuma suna iya jin kusan lafiya, idan ba don mutane ba. Saboda gaskiyar cewa wadannan kuliyoyi suna kashe dabbobi da dabbobi, an harbe su sau da yawa a gabanin, kuma yawancin yawancin barorin da suka mutu ba saboda dalilai na halitta mutane ba ne suka kashe su.
Amma, idan halin da ake ciki ɗaya ne da sauran tallafin, ya canza tare da cougars. Godiya ga dakatar da majalisar dokoki a Amurka, a yanzu haka suna cikin mutuwa kadan, wanda hakan ya basu damar adana yawan jama'arsu, saboda kusan babu wanda zai murkushe wadannan mutanen.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Coaramin Cougars za'a iya sirarsu, kuma za su iya zama da kyau ba kawai tare da masu ba, har ma da dabbobi da dabbobin daji ke kashewa. Amma wannan bai shafi tsuntsaye ba; ko da dabbobi masu ƙyalƙyali suna farautarsu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Cougars sune nau'ikan da aka yiwa barazanar. Matsakaici da adadin wasu kudadensu suna raguwa, amma akasin haka ya faru tare da cougar: idan a farkon rabin karni na 20 akwai ƙarancin su, to, tun daga wannan lokacin, godiya ga matakan da aka ɗauka don kariya, sun ninka sosai - yanzu akwai kusan 30,000 a Arewacin Amurka.
Wannan adadi bazai yi kama da girma ba, amma ga manyan kuliyoyin ƙasa, waɗanda suke buƙatar kashe dabbobi da yawa don abinci, yana da girma sosai. Har yanzu ba a dawo da cikakken tarihin tarihin pumas ba, kuma suna zaune ne musamman a yammacin Amurka, amma sannu-sannu yana faɗaɗa zuwa gabas.
Farauta cougars, gwargwadon ikonsu a cikin jihar, an iyakance ko an haramta shi gaba ɗaya. Wannan ya ba da babban tasiri ga maido da lambobinsu: idan a Kudancin Amurka mutane suka ci gaba da wargaza wakilan sauran asashe, a Arewa ana hana wannan kisan gilla a Arewa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Cougar ya yi nasarar kai hari ga wanda aka zalunta fiye da sauran kuliyoyi: a cikin fiye da 60% na lokuta (alal misali, a cikin zakuna, kusan kwata na ƙoƙarin yayi nasara). Amma idan har yanzu harin bai yi nasara ba, kuma wanda aka kashe ya sami nasarar tserewa, cougar bai bi ta ba, saboda ta iya yin saurin sauri guda ɗaya, amma ba zai iya yin nesa nesa ba.
Cougar Da ƙarfi sosai fiye da yadda ake tsammani da kamannin sa, saboda ƙaton babban kare ne, amma a lokaci guda yana da ikon yanka barewa da muzurai. Hakanan zasu iya ciyar da dabbobi, wanda ke hana manoma - saboda wannan, an kusan kashe su a tsakiyar karni na 20. Abin farin, matakan kiyayewa sun kasance masu tasiri, don haka aka dawo da yawan jama'ar.
Cougar: Bayani
Idan ka fassara sunan wannan dabbar (Puma concolor) daga Latin, ma'anarta “Puma launinta ce mai launi iri daya”, wacce ta dace da yanayin bayyanar, wacce ba ta da tsari. Kodayake wannan ba yana nufin kwatankwacin cewa rigar ta Cougar tana da halin gaske ba. Siffar ciki na dabba ana fentin sautunan da suke da wuta, yayin da a saman mucks ɗin, zaka iya ganin wuraren da ya fi haske wanda ke nuna bakin da injin.
Ugungiyar Cougar
Har kusan shekara ta dubu biyu da ɗari, masanan sun gano kusan ƙasashe 30 na wannan maƙiyin, dangane da halayyar ɗan adam. A zamaninmu, an gano cougars don ƙananan ƙididdiga 6, la'akari da halayen dabbobi na dabbobi, da kuma wurin zama.
Saboda haka, ma'anar magabatan, ya danganta ne da kasancewarsu wasu kwayoyin halittu, da kuma mazauninsu.
Dangane da wadannan dalilai, an rarrabe wadannan magabata:
- Puma concolor concolor costaricensis, wanda aka samo a Tsakiyar Amurka.
- Puma concolor couguar, yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka.
- Puma concolor cabrerae. Wannan reshe yana zaune a tsakiyar Kudancin Amurka.
- Pric concolor capricornensis. Wannan jinsin mai farautar ana samun shi ne a yankuna na gabashin Kudancin Amurka.
- Ana samun Pma concolor conma a cikin yankuna na Kudancin Amurka.
- Puma concolor concolor. Dabbobin wannan tallafin suna zaune a cikin yankuna na arewacin Kudancin Amurka.
Mai ban sha'awa don sani! A cikin dazuzzuka da lalatattun wurare na Kudancin Florida, an sami isasshen raunin da ya fi ƙarfin Puma concolor coryi, ana kiranta Florida puma.
Ana samun yawancin adadi mafi yawa a cikin ajiyar "Babban Cypress National kiyayewa" a Amurka. A cikin 2011, akwai kusan mutane 160, bayan wannan an jera dabbobin a cikin International Red Book (IUCN), suna bayyana matsayin matsayin babbar matsala a cikin mawuyacin hali. Abin takaici, wannan rudanin ya lalace ne saboda rayuwar mutumin da ya lalatar da ruwa kamar yadda ba shi da kyau, kuma ya nemi mafarauta saboda sha'awar wasanni.Bugu da kari, inbreeding yana da wata alaqa da wannan mummunan lamarin, wanda ya kunshi cewa dabbobi masu alaƙa da juna sun dace da begen ƙara adadin masu farauta.
Halayya da salon rayuwa
Cougars sun gwammace su jagoranci salon rayuwa, kadai suke yin ma'aurata a lokacin ma'aurata, wanda zai kasance sati daya kacal, yayin da mata da 'ya'yanta suna tare har sai kitso ya zama mai' yanci gaba daya. Maza manya suna mutunta wa juna, amma samari maza na nuna wa juna abokantaka. Jimlar adadin waɗannan masu ba da izini sun dogara da yawan wasan, sabili da haka, a kan kilomita murabba'in ɗari zaka iya haɗu da mai mallakar wannan yanki, kuma a wuraren da suke da girman girman yanki, fiye da mutum goma.
Wannan makircin, wanda ke karkashin ikon namiji, na iya zuwa nisan murabba'in kilomita 350 ko kuma ya ninka sau 10, gwargwadon samar da abinci. Ya kamata a sani cewa kowane yanki bai taɓa ma'amala da yankin da yan majalisa ke farauta ba. Sunyi alama a yankinsu da taimakon fitsari da feza, haka kuma suna barin karce akan bishiyoyi. Cougars koyaushe kewaya shafukan yanar gizon su, kuma tsananin irin wannan ƙaura yana dogara ne akan lokaci na shekara. Wadannan magabatan suna jin daɗin girma a kowane yanki mai wuya, saboda ana ɗaukar su zakarun zakarun a cikin tsalle mai tsayi.
Puma yana da iko:
- Tsallake mita 7 ko fiye da tsayi.
- Tsallake zuwa tsayi kusan mita 5.
- Yi tsayi daga tsayi har zuwa mita 18.
Mai ban sha'awa don sani! Wadannan masu farautar na iya hanzarta zuwa saurin kilomita 50 / h, amma na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, yayin da dabbobin suka shawo kan tsaunin dutsen, da sauƙin hawa bishiyoyi, suma suna tsalle daga dutse zuwa dutse. Cougars yana jin daɗin ruwa, amma baya jin daɗin sha da ruwa.
Maharbi yana farautar farawa da faɗakarwa, kuma da rana, waɗannan dabbobi suna kyankyashe ko suna kwance a mafakarsu. Shekaru da yawa, mutane sun yi imanin cewa cougars ya yi sauti-mai juya zuciya, amma yayin da ya juya, waɗannan kawai rudu ne da suka bayyana kan tsoratar da tsoro. Cougars suna kara sauti kawai lokacin lokacin kiwo, sauran kuma lokacin suna yin sautikan halayyar dukkan “kuliyoyi”, gami da sautin “meow” da aka saba dashi.
Abubuwan Cougar da Habitat
Yankin cougar shine mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa wadanda ke zaune a Amurka. A cikin wannan siga, za a iya kwatanta jan gashi mai launin ja, cat cat da damisa da puma.
Wannan dabba alama ce ta Wild West kuma tana zaune a babban yankin daga Kanada har zuwa iyakar kudu na Kudancin Amurka. Itace, gandun daji, tsaunuka, ciyamanan ƙasa - ko'ina zaka iya saduwa da waɗannan kyawawan kaddara. Ya danganta da mazauninsu, launin launi na cougars da abincinsu na iya bambanta.
Lion Mountain (Cougar) ɗayan manyan wakilai na cat cat, cikin girman girman shi yana gaba ne kawai da jaguar. Matsakaicin tsaran namiji na wannan dabbar yana da kusan 100-180 cm, duk da haka, wasu dabbobi sun kai mita biyu da rabi daga ƙarshen hanci har zuwa ƙarshen wutsiya. A ƙishirwa, tsayinsa ya kasance daga 60 zuwa 75 cm, wutsiyar tana da tsawon kusan cm 70. Ya kamata a lura cewa cougars na mata sunkai kashi 40% fiye da maza.
Kusa da injin mai karami mafi karancin mutane na masu tsinkaye suna rayuwa, kusa da kusoshin da suka zama sun fi girma. Akan jikin mai karfi, mai karfi cougar cougar akwai karamin kai tare da kananan kunnuwa. Koyaya, kamar wakilan yawancin masu farauta, dabbobi suna da tsummoki masu ƙarfi 4 cm tsayi, wanda zaku iya jurewa maƙiyi mai haɗari da ganima.
Kafafun dabbar dabbar da ya fi gaban girma. Hannun ƙanƙan ƙwaya suna kan manyan ƙafata da fadi, wanda dabbar za ta iya bijirewa. Godiya ga tsatsayenta, cougar zai iya hawa kowane itace daidai, tsallaka tare da tsaunukan dutse da dutsen kuma yin iyo.
Maƙaddara na iya yin tsalle-tsalle har zuwa 120 cm tsayi, fiye da mitoci shida, a ɗan ɗan gajeren saurin saurin dabbar zai iya zuwa kilomita 50 a awa daya. Wutsiya tana taimakawa wajen kiyaye daidaituwa yayin gudana.
Cougars suna aiki musamman da dare kuma a sanyin safiya. Kawai zaki da cougars suna da launi iri ɗaya. Mutane daban-daban waɗanda ke arewa suna da launin toka launin shuɗi, mazaunan yankuna masu zafi suna da ja.
Abubuwan da ke jikin jikin dabba sun fi sauki fiye da na sama, ciki da kwarzana fari fari, amma wutsiya tayi duhu sosai. A kan fuska akwai alamun baƙar fata. Jawo foda gajere ne, amma mai tsauri da kauri.
Halin Cougar da salon rayuwa
Cougar Zai iya zama mai aiki da agogo, amma a cikin rana yakan fi son shakatawa, yakan fara farauta da fara duhu. Puma dabba ce mai shiru, zaku iya jin sa da wuya, tana yin kukan da ƙarfi kawai a lokacin matsewa.
Yawancin lokaci, manyan wakilan feline zasu iya kai hari ga mutum, duk da haka, cougar, akasin haka, yayi ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa. Harin yakan faru ne kawai idan dabbar ta ji hatsari ga rayuwarta.
Mountain Cougar yana da babban haƙuri. Idan ya sami kansa cikin tarko, to ya sami nutsuwa kuma yayi kokarin neman hanyar fita daga wannan halin. Idan ba a samo shi ba, cougar na iya fadawa cikin wawa kuma ba ya motsa tsawon kwanaki.
A yanayi, cougars bashi da abokan gaba. Koyaya, a cikin yankuna na arewa dole ne su sadu da bera mai launin ruwan kasa da kyarkeci, a kudu tare da jaguar, kuma a cikin Florida tare da Mississippi alligator. Wolves da jaguars na iya zama barazanar rayuwa ne kawai ga tsoffi ko ƙaramin cougars.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Aljana sune babban abincin cougars. Elk, deer, caribou sune manyan menu na dabbobi. Koyaya, cougar baya ƙin kifaye, zomaye, squirrels, aladu na daji, turkey, baranda, mice, alligators, kwanduna, coyotes, lynxes, da sauran cougars. Idan ya cancanta, na iya jin daɗin katantanwa ko ma kwari.
Dabbobin masu haƙuri suna da kyau da kyau kuma idan an kai hari, wanda aka azabtar bashi da lokacin tserewa. Idan ganima yana da girma, cougar yayi shuru akanta, yayi tsalle ya karya wuya. Ba ya wasa da abinci; ya fi son ragewa nan take.
Wannan an sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar kaifi mai kaifi da hakora, wanda zai jike a hankali ya fashe nama da karye ƙasusuwa. Cougar yana da ikon yanka dabba wacce nauyinta ya ninka sau uku nata. Cougar farauta ba kawai a kan doron ƙasa ba, har ma a cikin rassan bishiyoyi.
Neman wanda aka azabtar zai iya yin tafiya mai nisa. Idan cougar ya sami nasarar kashe babban dabbar, to, maharbin zai iya cinye su sati guda. Idan damar ta gabatar da kanta, cougar na iya kai hari ga dabbobi, har ma da karnuka da karnuka.
A wannan yanayin, yawanci, akwai yawancin wadanda ke fama da su fiye da mai ƙaddara yana buƙatar ciyarwa. A cikin shekarar, cougar cokali ɗaya na cin abinci daga kilogram 800 zuwa 1200 na nama, wanda kusan 50 ungulates ne. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine cougar farauta kawai da kansa kuma bazai taɓa cin naman dabbar da mai yin gasa ta kashe ba.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Cougar - dabba daji. Amma, a lokaci guda, halayen cougar suna cikin hanyoyi da yawa masu kama da cat na gida na yau da kullun. Matsayi na dindindin ya sauya lokacin dabbar, wanda zai iya farawa a lokacin hunturu da bazara. Wannan shi ne saboda estrus a cikin mace da halayyar halayyar.
A matsayinka na mai mulki, musamman mazan da suka ci gaba suna da nasu yankuna waɗanda ke da takamaiman iyakoki. Waɗannan wuraren suna da alamar fitsari, hutu da alamun kambori a jikin rassan bishiyoyi. A cikin waɗannan iyakoki ne nau'i-nau'i sukan kirkira.
Dabbobin sun yi kamar minti guda, amma akwai matakai har guda tara a cikin awa ɗaya. Wasannin aure suna da tashin hankali sosai kuma sun kasance har sati biyu. Bayan wannan, namiji ya bar ƙaunataccensa.
Cougar ciki na ɗan lokaci kaɗan tsawon watanni uku. Ana haihuwar kimanin kitimomi 3-4. Idanun 'ya' yan sai su cika rana ta goma. Hakoran farko sun fara bayyana kuma kunnuwa suna buɗe. Bayan mako shida, yaran sun riga sun dandana naman.
Haɗin kai tare da mahaifiyar yana kasancewa har zuwa shekaru biyu, bayan haka matasa cougars zasu fara rayuwar su. Kamar yawancin kuliyoyin wannan nau'in, cougar cougar yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 15. A wuraren kiwon dabbobi da wuraren kiwo, wannan lokacin ya karu zuwa 20.
Duk da irin kokarin da wadannan magabatan suke yi, amma babu abin da ke barazanar jama'arsu. Yau saya cougar Kuna iya ko ta hanyar Intanet, inda zaku iya samun tayin da yawa.
Rarraba da Biyan Kuɗi
Tarihi, dodo ya kasance mafi girma a cikin dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa a Amurka. Har wa yau, cikin sharuddan latitude, puma ya iya zama kamar (daga felines) kawai tare da trot na kowa, jan trot, cat daji da damisa. Da farko, an samo cougars kusan ko'ina daga kudu na Patagonia zuwa kudu maso Alaska, yankin da aka rarraba shi daidai da kewayon babban abincinsa - dabbar iri. Yanzu a Amurka da Kanada, an kiyaye cougar a yawancin yankunan tsaunukan yamma. A gabashin Arewacin Amurka, an lalata cougar gabaɗaya, ban da ƙananan pean tsirarun masu karamin karfi Puma concolor coryi a Florida.
A halin yanzu, yanki na puma ya ninka zuwa 100 ° latitude - daga Yukon (Kanada) da kuma zuwa kudu, yana rufe kusan dukkanin Kudancin Amurka dama har zuwa Patagonia.
Tsarin zamani
Fitowar zamani, dangane da binciken kwayoyin, ya bambanta rabe-raben cougar guda 6, waɗanda a haɗe suke da rukuni na 6 na ilimin halittar jini:
- Puma concolor couguar - Arewacin Amurka (daga Kudancin Kanada zuwa Guatemala da Belize),
- Puma concolor costaricensis - Amurka ta tsakiya (Nicaragua, Costa Rica da Panama),
- Pric concolor capricornensis - gabashin yankin Kudancin Amurka (daga kudancin tekun na Amazon a Brazil zuwa Paraguay),
- Puma concolor concolor - Kudancin Arewacin Kudancin Amurka (Kolumbia, Venezuela, Guyana, Guiana, Ekwado, Peru, Bolivia),
- Puma concolor cabrerae - tsakiyar yankin Kudancin Amurka (arewa maso gabashin Argentina, Uruguay),
- Puma concolor puma - Kudancin Kudancin Kudancin Amurka (Chile, kudu maso yammacin Argentina).
Cougar Florida
- Cougar Florida (Puma concolor coryi) Shin mafi sauƙin haɗarin cougar. Yawaitar yanayi a cikin 2011 ya kasance fiye da mutane 160 (kuma a cikin 1970s ya ragu zuwa kusan mutane 20). Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji da fadama na kudancin Florida (Amurka), galibi a cikin ajiyayyun wuri.Babban Tsarin National Cypress. Dalilin da ya sa ya ƙare ya kasance shine fadama fadama, farauta, shayi da kuma ƙarancin abubuwan halittar, wanda yake haifar da haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Florida cougar yana da ɗan ƙarami a girma kuma yana da manyan paws. Launin gashi mai duhu ne, mai launin ja. Sakamakon inbreeding, mutane na waɗannan ƙasashen sun sami rukunin wutsiya mai lanƙwasa. Akwai shirin tsallake cougars na Florida tare da cougars na wasu ƙasashe don ƙirƙirar ƙarancin zaman jama'a, mai sarrafa kansa.
Wani asusun tallafi na Gabashin Amurka, Wisconsin cougar (Puma concolor shorgeri), ya mutu daga shekarar 1925
Rayuwa & Abinci
Ana samun cougars a tsaunuka daban-daban - daga filayen har zuwa tsaunika da tsayin 4700 m sama da matakin teku, kuma a cikin shimfidar wurare daban-daban: a cikin gandun daji na dutse, a cikin gandun daji mai zafi, a kan tudu, a cikin pampas, a cikin tsaunukan rami mai lalacewa da kuma gabaɗaya a kowane yanki da ke samarwa suna da isasshen abinci da matsuguni. Koyaya, a Kudancin Amurka, cougars suna ƙoƙarin guje wa ƙananan ciyayi da ƙananan wuraren da jaguars suka zaɓa. Wadannan dabbobin an daidaita su sosai ga rayuwa akan yanayin kasa. Don haka, godiya ga gabobin tsokarsu, sun sami damar tsalle zuwa 6 m tsayi da tsayi 2,5 m, don gudu da sauri zuwa 50 km / h (albeit ga ɗan nesa). Puma a hankali yana motsawa tare da tsaunin tuddai, yana hawa bishiyoyi da kan dutse daidai kuma, in ya cancanta, ya iyo sosai.
Akasin mashahurin mashahuri, cougar dabba ce mai natsuwa. Ya yi sautin kukan, mai kama da kukan mutane, tana fitowa ne kawai a lokacin matsewa.
Cougars yana jagoranci daɗaɗɗen salon rayuwa (banbancin ma'aurata ne a cikin kwanakin 1-6 na lokacin dantakarar uwa da uwaye tare da kittens). Yawancin adadin jama'arsu, ya danganta da kasancewa na wasa, ya bambanta daga mutum ɗaya ta 85 km² zuwa mutane 13 daga 54 km². Yankin farauta na cougar mace yana ɗaukar daga 26 zuwa 350 km² kuma yawanci yana kan gefen maza. Shirye-shiryen maza zasu mamaye daga 140 zuwa 760 km² kuma basu taɓa karkatarwa ba. Ba safai ake ganin maza da yawa tare ba, ban da samarin cougars waɗanda suka bar mahaifiyarsu. A cikin dabarun sa, puma tana yin motsi na lokaci, hunturu da tashi cikin sassa daban-daban. Iyakokin yankin suna da alamar fitsari da feza, har ma da tarkace a jikin bishiyoyi.
Puma yawanci farauta da daddare. Ga mafi yawan ɓangaren, abincinsa ya ƙunshi mafi yawan ungulates: launin fata-fari, fari-tails, pampas deer, wapiti (dabbar ja ta Amurka), muwa, caribou, dabbobi masu kauri da dabbobi. Koyaya, cougar zai iya ciyar da dabbobi da yawa - daga mice, squirrels, mallaki, zomaye, muskrats, gangara, agouti, birai, tanda, giya na Kanada, rakoons, skunks da armadillos, zuwa coyotes, lynxes, alligators har ma da sauran cougars. Hakanan suna cin tsuntsaye, kifi, har ma da snails da kwari. Kamar damisayoyi da damisa, cougar ba ya bambanta tsakanin dabbobin daji da na gida, da kai hari kan dabbobi, karnuka, kuliyoyi da kaji lokacin da damar ta samu. Koyaya, yakan yanyanka dabbobi da yawa fiye da yadda za su ci. Cougar na iya kai hari ga dabbobin barbals, kuma akwai kwararan kwararan hujjoji da ke bayyana kararrakin kwalaron dabbobin da ke lalata manyan barbals ko ma gurneti. Alfred Brem ya bayyana wannan cat a matsayin dabba mai kwazo da jaruntaka.
Lokacin farauta, puma yawanci yana amfani da abin mamaki - yana cakuɗa zuwa babban ganima, sannan ya tsugunna a bayanta kusa da kusa ya karya wuyanta ta amfani da suturar jikinta, ko, kamar sauran kuliyoyi, sai ta kama makogwaronta da haƙoranta har ta fara jikewa. Puaya daga cikin puma tana cin kilogram 860 - 1300 na nama a shekara, wato, kimanin 48 ungulates. Cougars yana ɓoye naman da ba a gama ba, yana jan shi kuma ya yi barci tare da ganye, itacen goro ko dusar ƙanƙara. Sukan koma wurin ɓoye, wani lokacin maimaitawa. Cougar ya sami damar jan gawa zuwa nesa mai nisan gaske, sau biyar gwargwadon nauyin sa. Kabilun Indiyawan da ke zaune a Kudancin Kalifoniya sun yi amfani da wannan dabi'ar, suna ɗaukar gawawwaki waɗanda ba duka ba ne kuma ba a ji su ba.
Pirma ba shi da abokan gaba, amma sauran masu farautar na iya haifar da haɗari ga farce: jaguars, makarantun karnuka, ƙwaya, bea, baƙar fata, baƙi baƙi da kuma manyan alligators na Mississippi. Grizzlies da baribals dangane da aikin cougar a matsayin ɓoyayye, mai ɗanɗano wani ɓangaren ganima
Kai hari kan mutane
Ba kamar yawancin kuliyoyin kuli-kuli ba, cougars ke da wuya kaiwa mutane hari, sun gwammace su guji su. Tsakanin 1890 da Janairu 2004, kusan rikodin ɗari aka rubuta a Amurka da Kanada, mafi yawan abin da ya faru ya faru ne kawai a tsibirin Vancouver. Yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa yara ne ko kuma gajerun mutane, kuma harin ya faru ne a almuru ko da dare. Cougars na iya samun sauƙin farfadowa idan mutum yayi motsi da sauri kuma shi kaɗai.
Matsayin Al'umma da Kariya
Duk da cewa cougars suna aikin farauta kuma an rage adadin su saboda lalata yanayin, yawancin kuɗin suna da yawa sosai, tunda cougars zai iya dacewa da rayuwa a wurare daban-daban. Don haka, kusan ƙarewa a cikin Amurka a farkon karni na 20, yanzu yawan kumburi a yammacin wannan ƙasa ya kai kimanin mutane 30,000 kuma yana ci gaba da daidaita gabas da kudu.
Guda biyu na cougar an jera su cikin CITES Shafi na 1: Puma concolor coryi, Puma concolor costaricensis, Puma concolor couguar. Farauta don pumas yana da iyakance a duniya baki ɗaya ko an haramta shi, kodayake ana ci gaba da lalata saboda lahani da dabbobi da farauta.
Kawai rarar kuɗi da aka jera a cikin Jerin Rukunin IUCN tare da matsayin "a cikin mawuyacin yanayi" (da wahalhalun rayuwa), Mai cougar Florida ne Puma concolor coryi.
Haka kuma yana da kyau a lura cewa yanzu wasu mutane sun fara horar da cougars kamar dabbobi.
Cougar baƙar fata
A dabi'ance, akwai farin cougars, da wasu baƙin duhu waɗanda aka samo su a Amurka.Black Cougar - dabba, maimakon ƙima-ƙima. Masana kimiyya sun ce baƙar fata da puma da melanist cikin yanayi ba su wanzu.
Tun da farko an sami rahotannin gano ƙwayoyin pum melanists, leucist, albinos. Rahotanni na baƙar fata baƙi sun fito daga Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka. Baƙar fata na cougar da aka kashe a Costa Rica a 1959 ya zama duhu launin baƙi, baƙar fata ba.
An ba da rahoton cewa an yi rikodin baƙar fata na cougar a Kentucky, amma daga baya ya juya cewa wannan cat yana da inuwa mai haske na ciki. Wannan yana nuna cewa dabbar tana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi.
A cikin Idaho, a faɗuwar 2007, an harbi wani cougar mai launin baƙar fata, makogwaro da kirji. A bayan kunnenta, tana da tabo bakar fata, wanda masana kimiyya suka yarda da shi a matsayin wani sabon abu na rashin daidaituwa na melanism. Don tabbatarwa hukuma tabbatuwar wannan gaskiyar, ana buƙatar haɗin gwiwa tare da shahararrun iyaye, wanda aka gudanar dashi. Don haka, a yau bayanan da ke kan kasancewar baƙar fata cougars ba a tabbatar da su ba.
Abubuwan waje
Puma dabba ce, bayanin abin da za'a iya samu a duk wallafe-wallafen da aka sadaukar da rayuwar masu kaddara. Ba wai kawai kwararru ba ne suke da sha'awar halayen wadannan kyawawan maza, harma da masoya dabbobi.
Ofayan mafi girma ga masu farauta da ke rayuwa a Amurka a yau shine cougar. Dabba itace ta biyu kawai ta jaguar. Wannan kitty tana da tsawon jiki har zuwa 180 cm, kuma tsawon wutsiya ta cm cm 75 Tsawon tsinkayen sa yakai cm cm 6. nauyin mazan da yakai kimanin kilogram 105 ne. Mata suna kashi 30% fiye da maza.
Puma wata dabba ce da ke da sauƙin canzawa da zama mai tsawo, ƙafafu da ƙananan kai. Kafafun hawayen sun fi birki girma. Saƙar tana da jijiya, tsawo, a ko'ina cikin nutsuwa.
'Ya'yan paws suna da faffada, suna ƙarewa da faifai mai kaifi. Hannun yatsan yatsan hannu ne.
Gashi da launi
Puma (ana iya ganin hoton dabbar a cikin duk littattafan bayanai game da magabata) yana da kauri, gajeru kuma mara nauyi. Cougars sune kawai mutanen Amurka masu launi iri ɗaya.
Dabbobin da suka manyanta suna da tan ko launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. A wannan yanayin, ƙananan gefen jiki sun fi haske fiye da na sama. Launi na pumas yayi daidai da launin babban abincinsu - dirin. Akwai alamun tan mai haske akan makogwaro, kirji da ciki, da kuma baki mai duhu akan kuncin. Kunnuwa sun yi duhu, wutsiya ta ƙare da baƙar fata. Cougars da ke zaune a wurare masu zafi suna ja, kuma mutanen arewa suna da launin toka.
A cikin samari, gashi ya yi kauri sosai. Tana da raunanan duhu, aibobi a hancin da goshin, kuma da zobba akan wutsiya.
Farauta
Puma tafi neman ganima da dare. Abincinta mafi yawanci shine ungulates - deer, elk, da bighorn. Ba za ta ki daga dabbobi ba.
Koyaya, cougar yana cin dabbobi daban-daban - daga squirrels da mice zuwa lynxes, coyotes har ma cougars. Ba kamar kaho da damisa, cougar ba ya bambanta tsakanin dabbobin gida da na daji, yawanci suna kai hari kan dabbobi, kuliyoyi, karnuka. A lokaci guda, yana kashe abubuwa masu rai da yawa fiye da yadda zai ci.
Lokacin farauta, cougar yana amfani da abin mamakin - ta kan gangara zuwa babban ganima kuma daga nesa kusa tayi tsalle akan wanda aka azabtar ta, ta karya wuya. Puma yana cinye kilogram 1300 na nama a shekara. Masu garkuwa da mutane sun ɓoye ragowar ganima, suna rufe shi da itacen goro, ganye ko dusar ƙanƙara. Zasu iya komawa wannan shagon akai-akai.
Puma wata dabba ce mai ƙarfi da taƙama wacce za ta iya jan gawa a kan nesa, wacce sau biyar zuwa bakwai nauyinta yake.
A yanayi, cougar bashi da abokan gaba. Lokaci-lokaci manyan masu farauta (grizzly, jaguars, Wolves) suna kai hari ga matasa da marasa lafiya.
Habitat
Cougar dabbobi shine ya zama ruwan dare gama duniya. A zahiri, mazaunin cougar yayi daidai da mazaunin babban abincin ta - deer. A baya, an ga waɗannan dabbobi daga yankuna na kudu na Patagonia zuwa kudu maso Alaska. A halin yanzu, ana samun yawancin cougars a yammacin Amurka da Kanada a cikin tsaunukan tuddai. Kuma a gabas an lalata su gaba daya - ƙalilan ne kawai suka tsira a Florida kawai.
Rayuwa da halaye
Dabbobin barkono na dabbobi na dabbobi masu shayarwa ne. Cougars suna zaune cikin kawunansu - daya bayan daya. Sai kawai a lokacin lokacin canjin neman abokin tarayya. Sannan ana jin kararrawar murya a kusa da gundumar, wanda ke nuna cewa ma'aurata sun kirkiro, kuma nan bada jimawa ba za a sami zuriya.
Yankin da aka zaɓa don zama shine alamar fitsari tare da kan iyakar cougar, kuma yana barin karce akan ƙoshin bishiyoyi. Cougars ya zauna ne kawai a waɗancan wuraren da kyakkyawan farauta da isassun mafaka zai yiwu. Waɗannan gandun daji da filayen da suka mamaye ciyawa mai tsayi.
Yawancin mahalli zai dogara ne akan "abinci" wanda ke faruwa a yankin - matsakaita na murabba'in mita 80. km - dabbobi 1-12. Maza suna rufe wuraren farautar murabba'in murabba'i 100-750. km, a cikin ƙaramar mata - 30-300 sq. km Yawan kewayon tafiya ya dogara da lokacin shekara. Dabbobin suna ciyar da lokacin hunturu da damuna a yankuna daban-daban.
Cougars suna farauta da maraice, walƙiya cikin sauri a tsalle ɗaya suna murƙushe ganima daga ƙafafunsu. Lokacin rana suna bacci a cikin gada, baƙaƙen rana da lasa, kamar dukkan kuliyoyi, ulu.
Waɗannan magabatan suna hawan doron dutse, suna hawa rassan bishiya kuma suna iya iyo sosai. Tsawon tsalle-tsalle na cougar ya kai 6 m, kuma a tsayi - fiye da m 2. Saurin motsi shine kilomita 50 / h. Cougar na iya kwashe ganima a cikin hakora, wanda adadin sa ya ninka sau 5-7 fiye da nasa.