Acinonyx jubatus
Oda: Carnivora
Iyali: Felidae
Cheetahs sun kasu kashi biyu: cheetah na Afirka (A. j. Jubatus) da kuma cheetah na Asiya (A.j. venaticus). Da zarar an gano kuskuren rigakafin sarauta a matsayin wata nau'in Acinonyx rex daban-daban, kodayake a zahiri ita ce nau'in halittar maye gurbi da aka samo a Afirka ta Kudu kawai.
Cheetahs sun zama ruwan dare a Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Yawan mazauna - savannah da bushe gandun daji.
Tsayin jiki 112-135 cm, tsawon wutsiya 66-84 cm, nauyi 39-65 kg. Maza sun fi 15% girma fiye da mace.
Launi mai launin ruwan kasa-brown tare da ƙananan baki mai duhu. Halin halin "lacrimal hanyoyi", yana fitowa daga sasanninta na ciki, ya fito fili daga wulakancin, kittens suna da inuwa mai baki har zuwa watanni uku kuma, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ya fi tsayi a wuyan wuyansa da na baya kuma yana samar da nau'in kyakyawar launin "kwala". Cheetahs sun banbanta da juna ta hanyar yanayin aibobi, daban ne ga kowane mutum.
A cikin Afirka, abincin ya dogara da matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan kwari, rami na Thompson, awaki na ruwa da impala. Bugu da kari, 'yan kunar bakin wake suna cin alade da bebaye, wanda suke tsoratar dasu yayin da suke wucewa ta ciyawa mai tsayi.
Mata suna da ikon yin kiwo tun daga lokacin da ya kai watanni 24 da haihuwa kuma yana nuna yanayin, yana shiga estrus sau daya a cikin kwanaki 12. Maza sun kai ga balaga har shekara uku.
Tsammani na rayuwa - har zuwa shekaru 12 (a cikin bauta har zuwa shekaru 17).
Matsayin Kariya
Sabanin sauran manyan inesa felan itace, yaudarar etarfe baƙaƙen fata, madaidaiciya kuma kusan ba a iya juyawa. Wannan fasalin yana samar wa dabbobin tabbataccen tallafi, dabbobinsu ba su zamewa ba yayin da suka zama dole suyi kaifi yayin da suke kokarin neman irin wannan abincin da sauri kamar wata karama da zata iya shiga cikin hatsari Kama wanda aka azabtar, cheetah ta buge ta, yana kama makogwaron ta. Sau daya, ana hada tufan dabbobi ana amfani da su kamar dabbobi. Irin wannan al'ada ta kasance alal misali, a cikin sarakunan daular Mughal.
Ana fuskantar barazanar yawan cutar ta Cheetah a duk sassan yankin, wanda galibi saboda tashin hankalin mazauna ne sakamakon ayyukan tattalin arziƙi da lalata cutar ta cheetahs, da kuma lalata ƙwayoyin cutar ta mutane kai tsaye. A Afirka, yana yiwuwa daga dubu 5 zuwa 15 suna zaune da rai, a Asiya babu mutane sama da 200 da suka ragu - an adana cheetahs ɗin a cikin nau'in “nau'in barazanar lalacewa gaba ɗaya”.
Cheetahs suna da sauri. An tsara su ne don gudanarwa da sauri: jiki mai santsi, ƙafafu na bakin ciki, kirji mai ƙarfi da ƙarami mai girman kai - waɗannan sune abubuwan da ke ba da izinin inganta ƙwayoyin cuta. saurin 95 km / h. Babu wata dabba dabam da za ta iya irin wannan abu!
Cheetahs suna da sauƙin rarrabewa da sauran kuliyoyi, bawai gwargwadon ƙayyadaddun tsarin akan fata ba, har ma tare da jiki mai faɗi, ƙananan kai, manyan idanu da ƙananan, kunnuwa masu lebur. Babban abincin cheetahs sune gwal (musamman Thompson gazelle), impala, 'yan maraƙƙun fari da sauran ungulates masu nauyin kilo 40. Amintaccen yarinyar alade tana kashe ganima sau ɗaya tak a cikin 'yan kwanaki, amma macen da take da kitso tana buƙatar abinci kusan kowace rana. Biye wa wanda aka azabtar, cheetahs sun bi shi a hankali, sannan suyi saurin jefawa, farawa lokacin da suka kusanci ganima a nesa da misalin mil 30. Kimanin rabin hare-haren sun ƙare a kama ganima. A matsakaici, yayin tururuwar dindindin zuwa 20-30 s, cheetah ta mamaye nesa da nisan mitoci 170, wadannan masu hasashen zasu iya gudu da sauri ba tare da wuce 500 ba, don haka farauta ya zama mai lalacewa idan a matakin farko cheetah tayi nisa da wanda aka nufa.
Inesan ƙaramin ƙwayoyin ƙaramar alatu suna bayyane a fili cikin wannan dabba mai girma, canines na sama suna da ƙananan tushen da ke kan iyaka da bangon sassa. Wannan fasalin yana bawa dabbar damar damar shakar iska mai yawa yayin shayarwa mai wahala, sabili da haka, matsi makogwaron wanda aka cutar da shi, yana hana shi tserewa.
Muhimmancin Kulawar Iyaye. Halin zamantakewa
Kafin ta haihu, macen ta sami hanya a karkashin wata hanya ta dutse ko kuma a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi, a cikin wani kwari mai narkewa, inda ta haifi 'yan 1 zuwa 6 wadanda nauyinsu yakai 250-300. Mahaifiya ta girma su a cikin kogon, ta barsu su ga wani kankanin lokaci, kawai na tsawon farauta, maza kula da zuriya. Bayan sun kai shekaru 2, 'Ya'yan sun sami abinci mai kauri akai-akai kuma suka fara rakiyar mahaifiyarsu yayin farauta. Kittens sun daina ciyar da madara nono yana da shekaru 3-4, amma suna tare da mahaifiyarsu har zuwa watanni 14-18.
'Ya'yan cheetah suna fara wasanni da juna kuma suna yin dabarun farauta a irin abincin da mahaifiyarsu ta kawo masu. Koyaya, har yanzu basu san yadda ake farauta da kansu ba. Da yake sun kusan kai ga balaga, matasa cheetahs na litter ɗin har yanzu suna haɗe tare da aƙalla watanni shida, suna jin kamar suna zaune tare da brothersan uwan juna. Bayan wannan, 'yan'uwa mata sukan bar rukunin guda ɗaya a lokaci guda, yayin da theiran uwansu suka rage tsawon wani lokaci don zama a matsayin rukuni ɗaya. 'Yan matan da ke yabanta suna jagorancin rayuwar rayuwa, wanda hakan ya karya wannan doka don lokacin ciyar da' ya'yansu da kuma yin farauta tare da manyan yaran. Maza suna rayuwa ko dai ɗaya ko kuma a cikin gungun mutane biyu ko uku.
Matasa sunadarai suna da '' abin wuya 'na kauri mai kauri wanda ke rufe bakinsu, kafada da baya. Ana kiran wannan sautin a cikin kittens a karkashin shekarun watanni 3, amma yayin da cuban sandunan ke girma, ya zama ba za'a iya lura dashi. Ba a san ayyukan da wannan dogon fur ɗin yake ba, amma kamannin sa zuwa gashin tsuntsaye mai yiwuwa yana tsoratar da masu farauta daga cuban tsana.
Hadari daga cikin zakuna. Kare cikin yanayi
Cheetahs an bambanta ta da ƙarancin bambancin ƙwayoyin halitta, wannan hujja tana nuna cewa dukkaninsu sun fito ne daga ƙimbin mutane waɗanda suka rayu shekaru 6000-20000 da suka gabata. Irin wannan ilimin halittar mutum yana iya haifar da sakamako biyu mara kyau. Na farkon wadannan raguwa ne ga darajar rayuwar kananan dabbobi saboda yawan yiwuwar murkushe dukiyar iska, daga cikinsu akwai wadanda suke da yawa. Na biyun sakamakon mummunan sakamako shine raunin garkuwar dabbobi kuma, a sakamakon hakan, karuwar kamuwa da cututuka.
Aiwatar da wannan aikin na tatsuniyar wucin gadi da tunanin sake dawo da shi, wanda aka gudanar a Arewacin Amurka, ya sha kasawa da yawa.
Koyaya, a yanayin yanayi, cheetahs suna haifuwa cikin hanzari: mace ta haihu a tsaka-tsakin kusan watanni 18, amma idan yaransu suka mutu, za'a iya samun zuriyar dabbobi masu zuwa da wuri.
Yawan mace-macen Cheetah yayi yawa idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran manyan dabbobi. A Tanzaniya, a layin Serengeti, zakuna haka galibi suna kashe kyanwa a cikin kofofinsu wanda kashi 95% na yaran suna rayuwa har zuwa matakin samun 'yancin kai daga mahaifiyarsu. A duk wuraren da aka kiyaye shi na Afirka, yawaitar yawan cheetahs a waɗancan wuraren akwai adadin yawan zaki. Wannan lura yana tabbatar da cewa irin wannan gasa da aka saba yi shi ne ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.
Bayani da bayyanar
Duk cheetahs manya ne manya kuma masu iko tare da tsawon jiki har zuwa 138-142 cm kuma tsawon wutsiya har 75 cm . duk da cewa, idan aka kwatanta da sauran kuliyoyi, ana amfani da gawar cheetah kamar yadda aka gajarta takaitaccen nauyi, nauyin da ya girma da ingantaccen mutum yakan kai kilogiram 63-65. Dangane da gabar jiki na bakin ciki, ba wai kawai tsawo ba ne, har ma yana da karfi sosai, tare da rage wasu kananan dunkule.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Cheetah kittens zasu iya cire cikakkun dan yatsan su a cikin sahun su, amma lokacin da ya kai watanni hudu. Tsofaffin mutane na wannan maƙiyin sun rasa irin wannan ikon na sabon abu, don haka falmansu ba su da motsi.
Yana da jiki mai santsi, ƙaramin kai da ƙananan kunnuwa da kuma wutsiya mai tsayi. Mayafin suna da launi mai rawaya mai haske tare da wasu ƙananan duhu, a saman kai akwai ɓangarori biyu masu duhu daban daban waɗanda suke buɗewa daga idanun ƙasa, waɗanda ke ba da alamar baƙin ciki bakin ciki.
Kawancen Cheetah
Dangane da sakamakon binciken, har zuwa yau, sanannu ne kuma keɓaɓɓun rarrabuwa iri-iri na cheetah. Speciesaya daga cikin jinsin suna zaune a cikin ƙasashen Asiya, sauran nau'in ƙwayoyin huduwa ana samun su ne kawai a Afirka.
Babban babbar sha'awa shine alkalin Asiya. Kimanin mutane sittin na wannan tallafin suna zaune a cikin yankuna na Iran ba su da yawa. A cewar wasu rahotanni, mutane da yawa kuma na iya tsira a Afghanistan da Pakistan. Dozin dozin na Asiya guda biyu ana tsare da su, a cikin yanayin gidajen dabbobi a kasashe daban-daban.
Mahimmanci! Bambanci tsakanin ƙasashen Asiya da kuma 'Afet' na ƙafafu ne, gajeriyar ƙaƙƙarfan iko da fatar fata.
Babu ƙaramin shahara shi ne rigakafin sarauta ko ƙaramar maye gurbi na Rex, babban bambanci wanda shine kasancewar baƙin rami a bayansa kuma babban babba da haɗuwa a bangarorin. Sarki cheetahs yana hade da jinsin gama gari, kuma sabon salo dabbar na faruwa ne saboda kyautar da take samu, saboda haka irin wannan magabatan ba kasafai ake ganinsa ba.
Ana kuma samun 'yan rigunan' yan riguna, tare da matsanancin barkonon tsohuwa. Red sanet an sanan su, da kuma mutane masu launin zinare masu launi iri iri. Dabbobin haske masu launin rawaya da launin ruwan hoda tare da rawaya masu launin shuɗi sunyi kama da sabon abu.
Tsarin jinsin
Wannan babban nau'in ya rayu a yankin Turai, saboda haka ana kiranta cheetah na Turai. Akwai wani kashin bayan burbushin halittar wannan jinsin na magabatan a Faransa, kuma ya zuwa shekaru miliyan biyu. Hotunan tutocin Turai kuma suna kan zanen kogo a cikin kogon Shuwe.
Cheetahs na Turai sunfi girma kuma sunfi karfi akan jinsunan Afirka na zamani. Suna faɗan yatsun kafaɗaɗɗe, da kuma manyan tutocin. Tare da nauyin jikin 80-90 kg, tsawon dabba ya kai mita daya da rabi. Ana tsammanin cewa babban taro na jikin yana tare da babban taro na tsoka, don haka saurin gudu tsari ne na girman da yake girma fiye da na nau'in zamani.
Habitat
Da farko, cheetahs suna zaune a koina a cikin kudurorin kudu maso gabas na Asiya da Afirka, amma yanzu an daina kare 'yan riguna a Asiya. Yanzu zaka iya ganin waɗannan dabbobin a wadataccen adadi kawai a ƙasashen Afirka. Cheetahs suna zaune a buɗe keɓaɓɓun sarari, kuma suna gujewa duk wani katako. Waɗannan dabbobin suna jagoranci salon rayuwa ɗaya, amma galibi maza suna haɗuwa cikin rukuni na mutane 2-3. Gabaɗaya, yanayin waɗannan dabbobi ba ɗan cinye-cinyewa ne - suna iya jure wa junan su cikin sauƙi, kuma shayi mai alaƙa yana nuna aminci ga kare. Ba kamar yawancin kuliyoyi ba, cheetahs suna farauta ne a lokutan hasken rana. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan kayan abinci.
Kiwo
Domin mace ta yi nono, namiji dole ne ya kori mace na ɗan wani lokaci. Maza sukan taru kaɗan cikin ƙananan rukuni, yawanci yakan ƙunshi 'yan'uwa. Wadannan rukunoni suna yin yakar tare da wasu cheetahs don yankin farauta da matan da ke kanta. Matan cheetahs yakan rike yankin tsawon watanni shida, sannan uku kuma shekara biyu. A cikin cheetahs, ba a lura da yanayin ƙasa ba.
Cutar ciki a cikin cheetahs na kwanaki 85-95 - daga haihuwa zuwa ga kittens guda biyu. Cuban Cheetah, kamar kowane kuliyoyi, ƙanana ne da marasa tsaro - wannan abune mai sauƙi ga duk mafarautan, gami da gaggafa. Amma godiya ga duhu mai ciki da fari ko "fari", makiyan kare na iya daukar 'ya' yan awar itaciyar domin cin amanar zuma - mai son tashin hankali wanda ke tsoratar da duk wani magidanci. Hanyar da ta saƙa a wucin gwaiba da goga a kan wutsiyar san na, suna taimaka wa macen ta nemo ƙyallen a cikin dajin, ta ɓace har wata uku. Matar tana ciyar da cuban ta har zuwa watanni takwas. Kittens suna tare da mahaifiyarsu tsawon watanni 13 zuwa 20. A cikin daji, cheetahs suna rayuwa a matsakaita har zuwa 20 (wani lokacin har zuwa shekaru 25), a cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi - ya daɗe, wanda a bayyane yake saboda abinci mai ingancin ƙoshin lafiya, kasancewar ana iya samun kulawar likitanci.Magana matsalar kiwo cheetahs a zaman bauta suna da alaƙa da rukuninsu na zamantakewa da yanayin rayuwa.
Mace suna yin rayuwa mai kaɗaici (ban da lokacin da suke ciyarwa tare da 'ya'yansu), kuma maza suna zaune ko a raye ko a haɗaɗɗiya. Don ƙirƙirar ƙarancin yawan fursunoni, an ba da shawarar a kiyaye cheetah daidai da ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta halittarsu, duk da haka, kiwo cheetah a cikin ƙaura har yanzu ba na yau da kullun ba ne, wanda masu bincike da yawa sun danganta da yanayin rashin gamsuwa ga waɗannan dabbobi, gami da halayen su. (Sago 1994, Munson et al., 2005). A bangare guda, yin tallan kayan masarufi (haifuwa) a zaman bauta mafi mahimmancin kaddarorin mazaunin halittu dangane da binciken ilimin halittar dan adam a daya bangaren kuma, a wani bangaren, kirkirar tsarin aikin bada damar samar da sahihancin halayen ma'aikata ga da bukatun cheetahs (Mellen, 1991), kamar yadda aka nuna a wasu nau'ikan kananan kuliyoyi.
Abincin Cheetah
Cheetahs makirci ne na halitta. Don bin abincinsa, dabbar tana iya samun saurin gudu sama da kilomita ɗari awa ɗaya . Tare da taimakon wutsiya, ma'aunin cheetahs, da yatsan hannu suna bawa dabbar kyakkyawar dama ta maimaita duk motsin wanda aka cutar da shi. Bayan maharbi ya cinye abin da ya ci, sai ya yanke dunƙulen ƙaya ya manne a wuya .
Abincin don alade galibi bashi da manyan dabbobi da ke kokawa, gami da ƙananan kwari da ƙananan baƙi. Hares, har da 'ya'yan warthogs da kusan kowane tsuntsaye, suma za su iya zama ganima. Ba kamar yawancin jinsuna daga dangin cat ba, cheetah ta fi son farauta da rana.
Rayuwar Cheetah
Cheetahs ba wai dabbobi bane, kuma ma'aurata sun haɗa da namiji da balagaggun budurwa na musamman a lokutan taruwa, amma sai ya faskara da sauri.
Matar tana jagoranci hoto na kaɗaici ko kuma tana cikin haɓaka zuriya. Maza yawanci suna rayuwa galibi kaɗai, amma suna iya haɗu cikin haɗin gamayya na musamman. Dangantakar ƙungiyoyin-mahaifa yawanci daidai suke. Dabbobin suna ta kuwwa suna lamuran junan su. Lokacin saduwa da manya na mata dabam dabam wadanda ke da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, cheetahs suna nuna halaye cikin salama.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Cheetah mallakar rukuni ne na dabbobi ƙasa kuma yana barin nau'ikan alamomi na musamman ta fitsari ko fitsari.
Girman yankin farauta da mace ke da ita na iya bambanta dangane da adadin abinci da shekarun zuriyar. Maza suna kiyaye yanki ɗaya ba tsayi da yawa ba. Dabbobin suna zaba tsari a cikin sarari, sarari mai kyau-bayyane. A matsayinka na mulkin, an zaɓi yanki mafi buɗe don kewaya, amma zaku iya haɗuwa da mafakar cheetah a ƙarƙashin ƙayayuwa na itacen ɓawon acacia ko wasu ciyayi. Tsawon rayuwa ya bambanta daga shekaru goma zuwa ashirin.
Me yasa cheetah ta fi sauri?
An bayyana wannan sabon abu ta hanyar manyan dalilai guda 3.
- Cheetahs sun sami damar kimanta darajar kwatankwacin tsawon lokaci da tazara yayin gudu. Kama mai ganima, maharbi yana kara yawan matakai sau 1.5. Lokacin yin amfani da takalmin motsin, cheetah ta fara gyaran kafafunta ba da sauri ba, wanda ke ba ta damar dacewa daidai kuma ba zamewa a ƙasa ba.
- Cheetahs sun iya rarraba nauyin kansu yayin gudu. Don watsar da dabbar tana juyar da kashi 70% na nauyin akan hawayen sa. Wannan fasalin yana taimakawa cheetah farawa ba tare da bata lokaci ba, kuma ya guji narkar da paws na gaba a kasa ko yashi.
- Cheetahs suna kara tsawon paws a kasa yayin da suke gudu. Dogaron tuntuɓar ƙasa yana ba dabba damar rage kaya a kan gabar, wanda hakan ke haifar da raguwa a cikin aikin da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma haɓaka a cikin gudu.
Ga wadancan cheetahs wadanda suka girma a cikin gidan zoo ko aka tura zuwa bauta tun suna karami, saurin gudu baya wuce saurin farauta mai tsananin sanyi. An yi bayanin wannan ta hanyar rashin motsawa tsakanin masu farauta, saboda a gidan zu, ba sa bukatar farauta da neman abinci a cikin matsanancin yanayi.
Abokan gaba ɗaya na Cheetah
Cheetahs suna da abokan gaba da yawa a cikin daji . Babban barazanar da wannan maharbi shi ne zakuna, har da damisa da manyan jeji, ba wai kawai suna iya cin ganima daga kurciya ba ne, amma kuma galibi suna kashe samari da kuma dattijo.
Amma babban makiyin cheetah har yanzu mutum ne. Kyakkyawan gashi mai tsada da kayan alatu ana amfani dashi sosai wajen yin sutura, haka kuma don ƙirƙirar abubuwa na ciki. Yawan jama'ar duniya iri daban-daban na cheetah a cikin karni daya sun ragu daga mutum dubu daya zuwa dubu dubu goma.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Cheetah dabba ce ta dabbobi wanda ya dan yi kama da kuliyoyi. Dabbar tana da santsi a hankali na jiki, mai kama da kare, da manyan idanu.
Kayan cat a cikin mai cin abincin yana ba da karamin kai tare da kunnuwa masu zagaye. Wannan haɗin shine ya ba dabba damar hanzarta hanzari. Kamar yadda kuka sani a duniya babu Dabbobin da sauri fiye da alatu .
Dabba ya girma ya kai santimita 140 a tsayi kuma 90 a tsayi. Kayan daji suna da nauyin kilo 50. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa mafarautan suna da hangen nesa na ciki da na jini, wannan yana taimaka musu a farauta.
Cheetah na iya kaiwa zuwa kilomita 120 / h
Kamar yadda za'a iya gani ta hoton cheetah , maharmar yana da launin yashi mai launin shuɗi. Sai kawai ciki, kamar yawancin kuliyoyin gida, fararen fata ne. A lokaci guda, jikin yana rufe da kananan baki mara nauyi, da kuma bakin ratsi na bakin ciki kan “fuskar”.
Yanayin su "ya haifar" saboda dalili. Hanyoyi suna kama da tabarau na mutane: suna ɗan rage tasirin rana mai haske, kuma suna ƙyale maƙiyin ya kalli nesa mai nisa.
Maza suna fahariya da ƙaramin abu. Koyaya, lokacin haihuwa duk yara "sukan" saƙa na azurfa a baya, amma kimanin watanni 2,5, ya ɓace. Yawanci, yatsar cheetah din ba tayi ja da baya ba.
Irin wannan yanayin yana iya yin alfahari da kuliyoyin Iriomotean da Sumatran. Maƙaddara tana amfani da fasalinta yayin gudana, don ɗauka, azaman tsalle-tsalle.
Ana haihuwar etan Cheetah tare da ƙaramin sanda a kawunansu
A yau akwai ƙananan wakilai 5 na maɓallin:
- 4 jinsunan cheetah na Afirka,
- Tallafin Asiya.
Ana bambanta mutanen Asiya ta hanyar fatar denser, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi da paws kaɗan. A cikin Kenya, zaku iya samun cheetah baki. A da, sun yi kokarin danganta shi da wani jinsin dabam, amma daga baya suka gano cewa wannan rikitarwar asalin halitta ce.
Kuma, daga cikin magabatan da aka gano za'a iya samun albino, da cheetah. Abin da ake kira sarki ana rarrabe shi da raunin baƙar fata mai tsawo tare da bayan gida da ɗan gajeren baƙar fata.
A da, ana iya lura da magabatan a wasu ƙasashe na Asiya, yanzu an kusan gama da su a can. Kirkin ya lalace gaba daya a cikin kasashe kamar Masar, Afghanistan, Morocco, Yammacin Sahara, Guinea, UAE da sauran su. A cikin ƙasashen Afirka ne kawai a yau za ku iya saduwa da masu hangen nesa masu isasshen adadi.
A cikin hoto hoto ne na cheetah, yana da banbanci a cikin manyan hanyoyi biyu masu duhu tare da bayan
Halin Cheetah da salon rayuwa
Cheetah ita ce dabba mafi sauri . Wannan ba zai iya shafan salon rayuwarsa ba. Ba kamar yawancin magabatansu ba, suna farauta da rana. Dabbobin suna rayuwa ne takamamme a sararin samaniya. Mayafin mai cin amana
Wataƙila wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa Saurin dabba shine kilomita 100-120 / h. Cheetah lokacin gudu, yana ɗaukar kimanin numfashi 150 a cikin sakan 60. Ya zuwa yanzu, an shirya irin rikodin don dabbar. Wata mata mai suna Saratu ta tsere tseren mita dari a cikin dakika 5.95.
Ba kamar yawancin kuliyoyi ba, cheetahs suna ƙoƙarin kada su hau bishiyoyi. Abubuwan da ba su da tushe sun hana su jingina da gangar jikin. Dabbobin za su iya rayuwa biyu kuma cikin manya. Suna ƙoƙarin kada suyi rikici da juna.
Suna sadarwa tare da purr, kuma sautuka na tuni na tweets. Mace suna yin ƙasa, amma iyakokinta sun dogara da kasancewar zuriya. A lokaci guda, dabbobi ba su bambanta da tsabta, saboda haka yankuna suna canzawa da sauri.
Raunin baƙar fata a kusa da idanu suna aiki a matsayin "tabarau" na cheetah
Cutar tameet suna kama da karnuka cikin hali. Su masu aminci ne, masu aminci da horarwa. Ba don komai ba cewa an tsare su a kotu na ƙarni, kuma ana amfani da su azaman mafarauta. A Duniyar dabbobi ta dabbobi suna iya dangantawa da mamayewa yankunansu, kawai raini ne kawai ke haskakawa daga mai shi, ba tare da fada ko tashin hankali ba.
Babban bayanin bayyanar da halayen dabbar
Jikin mutum yana da tsari mai tsoka , kyakkyawa ne mai saukin kai, kuma dukda cewa cheetah tana da rauni a bayyanar, tana da ingantattun abubuwa na tsokoki. Kafafun mai cin naman sun kasance tsokoki, tsawo da ƙarfi. Abubuwan da aka samo a kafafu na dabbobi masu shayarwa ba su da cikakken sata yayin gudana ko tafiya, wanda baƙon abu ne ga dangi. Siffar ta cat ba ta da girma, tana da ƙananan kunnuwa wadanda suka zube.
Tsawon jikin dabbar na iya bambanta daga mita 1, 23 zuwa 1.5, tsayin wutsiyar zai iya kai alamun santimita 63-75, tsayinsa a zaitun shine 60-100 santimita. Tsarin jikin mutum na Predator na iya bambanta daga kilo 40 zuwa 65-70.
Jawo daga dabbar yana da ɗan gajeren gajere kuma ba lokacin farin ciki sosai ba, ana gabatar da launinta a cikin yashi mai launin shuɗi. Hakanan a duk faɗin Jawo, ban da yankin na ciki, ƙananan aibobi na inuwa mai duhu waɗanda ke da nau'i daban-daban da girman su ana rarraba su daidai. Yana faruwa cewa a cikin yankin na ƙ witƙasassu na dabba wata rawar da baƙon abu ya bayyana, wanda aka kafa daga ƙanana da gashi mai ƙarfi. Abun rabe-rabe suna kan fuskar dabba, daga sasanninta na ciki kai tsaye da bakin. Waɗannan alamun alamu ne, godiya ga wanda maharbi zai iya ɗauka idanunsa cikin sauƙi da hanzari yayin farauta, suma suna kare idanun cat daga yiwuwar makanta da rana.
Ina wannan maharbin yake rayuwa?
Cheetah cat ne , wanda ake amfani da shi don rayuwa a bangarorin da ke canjin yanayin ƙasa kamar hamada ko savannahs, waɗanda ke da yanayin ɗakin kwana da ƙasa. Mafi yawan duka, maƙiyin ya gwammace ya zauna a buɗe. Cheetahs galibi suna zaune ne a Afirka, a kasashe irinsu Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Algeria, Benin, Zambia, Kenya, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Mozambique, Somalia, Niger, Zimbabwe, Namibia, da Sudan.
Karo daya kasar inda zaka iya haɗuwa da dabba ana la'akari da su: Tanzania, Chadi, Ethiopia, Togo, Uganda, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da Afirka ta Kudu. Hakanan za'a iya ganin tsinkayar magabata a Swaziland. A cikin yankin Asiya, da alawar a zahiri ba ta wanzu, ana iya samun ta a cikin groups ananan kungiyoyi a Iran.
Babban fasalin fasalin damisa da damisa
Leopard da cheetah dabbobi ne wadanda galibi ana rarrabe su a matsayin dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsari na magabatansu da dangin cat. A wannan halin, damisa dambarwa ce ta tarnaki , da kuma cheetah ga halittar cheetahs. Wadannan nau'ikan kuliyoyi guda biyu suna da bambance-bambance masu yawa:
Mecece ribar da ma'abuciyar zamani?
Yanzu ana amfani da kasha 5 kawai cheetahs na zamani. Don haka, 4 daga cikinsu suna zaune a Afirka, na biyar kuma da wuya ake samun sa a Asiya. Dangane da binciken da aka gudanar a 2007, mutane kusan 4,500 ne ke zaune a Afirka. Don haka, an haɗa wannan dabbar a cikin Jerin Rayi na IUCN.
Ana amfani da cutar ta Asiya don zama a Iran a lardunan Markazi, Fars da Khorasan, amma yawan mutanen wannan rukunin ya ragu kaɗan. Hakanan wataƙila wasu mutane suna zaune a yankin na Pakistan ko Afghanistan. Gabaɗaya, ba fiye da mutane 60 da aka kiyaye su ba a cikin yanayin. A ƙasa na wuraren kiwon dabbobi is located kusan Asiya ɗan Asiya 23. Haka kuma, wannan dabbar tana da wasu bambance-bambance daga ƙasashen Afirka: ƙafar maharbi sun fi guntu, wuƙa sun fi ƙarfi, fatar kuma ta yi yawa sau da yawa.
- Yarjejeniyar cheetah.
Daga cikin mafi kyawun launi na mai farautar, akwai wasu banbancen da ke faruwa saboda ƙarancin maye gurbi a matakin kwayoyin. Misali, cheetah na sarauta tana da irin wannan sifofin. Abubuwan bakar fata suna kwance a bayansa, kuma manyan wuraren duhu suna gefensa, wanda a wasu lokuta zasu iya haɗuwa tare. Lokaci na farko da aka bayar An samo nau'in sabon nau'in ɗan farauta a cikin 1926, sannan kwararru ba su fahimci dogon lokaci wane irin cat ya kamata a danganta da shi ba. Da farko, masana kimiyya sunyi tunanin cewa wannan mutumin an samar dashi ne ta hanyar ketare cheetah da serval, har ma sunyi niyyar danganta yar karamar sarauta da wani nau'in daban.
Amma lokaci ya yi da masana ilimin halitta suka daina muhawararsu. Wannan ya faru ne a cikin 1981 lokacin da aka haifi zuriya biyu ga dabbobi a Cheetah Center De Wildt, wanda ke a Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ɗayan hadan sandunan yana da launi mai launi daban-daban. Sarakuna sunadarai masu iko ƙetare tare da brethrenan’uwansu, waɗanda ke da launin fata na yau da kullun. A lokaci guda, an haifi kyawawan yara kyawawan yara a cikin mutane.
Haka kuma akwai da yawa daga cikin nau'in tsinkayen da ba za su iya tsayawa lokacin ba kuma suka lalace na dogon lokaci.
Sauran launuka masu cin amana
Akwai sauran launuka na suturar dabba, wanda ya taso saboda maye gurbi daban-daban. A cikin mazaunin halitta, ƙwararrun sun lura da mutane masu launuka daban-daban da launuka na Jawo. Misali:
Akwai mutane da ke da launi mara kyau da kazamtaccen furfura, wannan ya fito fili musamman tsakanin mazauna yankunan yankuna. Akwai bayani game da wannan. , saboda wannan fasalin yana iya aiki azaman na'urar sakewa wacce zata kare dabbar daga zafin rana.
Dabbobin daga dangin cat tare da fasali irin na mahalli ga maharbi sun bayyana shi a matsayin wata halitta daban. Game da cheetah an faɗi shi a cikin "Magana game da regor na Igor" - tarihinsa yana daɗaɗɗe. Kimiyya, halayya, halayen dabbobi masu shayarwa dabbobi ne na musamman. Saurin Cheetah yana aiki har zuwa kilomita 112 a sa'a - wannan ita ce dabba mafi sauri tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya.
Bayanin da fasali
Ana iya bambanta ƙwayoyin cuta daga wasu nau'in ƙwayoyin faranti ta launin fatarsu mai kyau, ƙoshin jikinta, tsokoki masu haɓaka, dogaye kafaɗa da wutsiya. Tsawon jikin mai farauta shine kimanin 1.5 m, nauyi - 40-65 kg, tsayi 60-100 cm.Kan karamin kai tare da gajarta gajiya.
Kunnuwa suna gajeru, karkatattu, zagaye. Idanun sun tashi sama. Hannun yatsu mai ƙarfi ne, paws tare da madaidaiciyar maƙala, wanda ke rarrabe cheetah da duk kuliyoyin daji. Claws na iya yin ɗorewa daga cikin cubaya kawai zuwa watanni 4 daga haihuwa, sannan kuma suka rasa wannan ikon.
Gashin dabbar yana da gajarta, kawai ɓangaren ɓangaren wuyansa an yi wa ado da ƙaramin gashi na baƙar fata. A cikin matashi, maɓallin azurfa tana gudana ta gaba. Launin Jawo shine sautunan launin shuɗi, launin shuɗi ya watsu ko'ina cikin fatar, ban da ciki. Girmansu da kuma nau'ikan safofin sun bambanta. Sifar halayyar cheetahs alamomin hawaye ne na baki - rariyoyi wanda ya fara daga idanuwa zuwa bakin.
Zaka iya bambance cheetah da sauran tabarau masu tabo ta fuskoki biyu duhu akan fuska
Bayyanar dabbar tana ba da alamun alamomi. Yayinda yake gudana, jikin jijiyar sanyi na cheetah yana amfani da ci gaban rubutaccen gudu. Dogon wutsiya shine cikakken daidaituwa. Tsuntsu na dabba mai ɗumbin yawa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga numfashi mai ƙarfi a cikin saurin gudu.
Kamar yadda cheetah ita ce dabba mafi sauri A zamanin da, sarakunan gabashin sun yi amfani da tatsuniyoyi masu farauta don farauto hamada. Sarakunan gargajiya na Masar, khans na Asiya ta Tsakiya, rajas Indiya ma sun ƙunshi “fakitoci” na cheetahs.
Abubuwan da ke faruwa a gaban idonsu an yi musu jagora saboda kada su yi rige-rigensu don neman lokacin aiki. A farauta, cheetahs ba ta kama dabbobi da aka kama ba har sai da sarakuna suka iso. Bayanan kaifi daga dabbobi sai suka kama abin da suka ci bayan kurmarsu da kakkausar murya.
A matsayin sakamako, dabbobi sun sami dabbobin gawawwakin. Farauta cheetah kyauta ne mai tsada. Dabba ba ta haihuwar cikin bauta ba, don mutane masu daraja ne kawai za su iya kamawa, suna da horar da mai horar da su.
Yanayin da ba a saba da shi ba na dabba yana bayyana a cikin gaskiyar cewa yana da sauƙin hora ko da lokacin balaga, yana ba da kansa ga horo. Suna nuna karewar kare ga mai shi, sun zama mai amfani ga dattako da abin wuya. A cikin zango, da sauri suna saba wa ma'aikatan, amma suna nuna faɗakarwa ga baƙi.
Suna da matukar damuwa ga zayyanawa, canjin zafin jiki, cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo - gabaɗaya, suna da wahalar daidaitawa da sabon yanayin. Buqatar halittar dabbobi ta ta'allaka ne a sarari, takamaiman abinci mai gina jiki.
Ana daukar Cheetah dabbar dabba mafi sauri a duniya
Abin takaici, yawan dabbobin yana yawan yin bakin ciki koyaushe saboda raguwar yankuna masu rayuwa, koyawa. Dabbobin mamata A cikin Red an tsara shi da nau'in haɗari.
Arnuka da yawa da suka gabata, ƙungiyar maɓarnata sun mamaye yankuna Asiya da Afirka. An kafa a binciken 2007, ƙasa da mutane 4,500 suka rage a cikin Afirka, Asiya kuma ba ta da girma.
Dabbobi suna karami, duk da cewa suna ƙarƙashin kariyar aiyukan muhalli. Tsarin zamani ya ƙunshi ragowar etabbayoyi guda biyar, ba a kirga kaɗan kaɗan ba. Isaya daga cikin har yanzu ana samun shi a Asiya, ƙananan rago su huɗu ne.
Asiya ta Asiya. Girman tallafin ya kusan zuwa ƙarshen babban mahimmanci, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake samun ƙarin sha'awar hakan. A cikin yankuna da ba jama'a da yawa na Iran ba sama da mutane 60 na dabbobi ke rayuwa ba. Sauran mutanen suna cikin adadi kaɗan a wuraren dabbobi a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban.
Abubuwan fasalin Asiya sune ƙananan raunin jiki, wuƙa mai ƙarfi, mai kauri fata. Astasashe masu nisa na mafarauta masu saurin girma suna ƙasa da ƙasa. Mutum yana zaluntar dabbar a cikin wurarenta na farko - savannas, des-des des des. Yawan namomin gandun daji waɗanda ke yin abincin abinci na mai yanke hukunci yana raguwa.
Sarauniyar sarauta. Pesanƙar fata mai ratsa jiki a bayan baya yana sauƙaƙa gano ƙananan ƙasashen Afirka da ake kira Rex maye gurbi. Manyan duhu duhu suna haɗuwa tare da gefen dabbar, suna ba hoton hoton wani sabon abu.
Launi mai launi ya haifar da muhawara a tsakanin masana kimiyya game da matsayin wasan cheetah a tsarin dabbobin. Fitowar ofan sandar tare da kaya iri ɗaya tana da alaƙa da ɗimbin gado na iyayen da ke bayar da maye gurbi.
Cheetah a Afirka An samo shi a cikin wasu nau'ikan maye gurbi wadanda ba su da ban sha'awa:
- farin albinos ko baƙar fata melanists - kwanon tabo ba a bayyane yake,
- ja cheetahs - nunannun launuka masu launin shuɗi a kan shimfiɗar zinariya,
- launin rawaya mai haske tare da launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi.
Abubuwan inuwa masu laushi na gashi sun bayyana, tabbas, a cikin mazaunan wuraren hamada don kamannin - dalilin karbuwa da kariya daga ayyukan zafin rana.
Tarin turai - lalata nau'in dabbobi. An gano burbushin halittu galibi a Faransa. An tabbatar da wanzuwar jinsin ta hanyar zane-zane na kogo da aka samo a cikin kogon Shuwe.
Europeanabilar Turai sun fi girma, sun fi ƙarfin cheetah na Afirka. Babban taro na jiki da tsokoki sun sa ya sami damar haɓaka saurin gudu sama da na Cheetahs da suka rayu har zuwa yau.
Rayuwa & Habitat
A baya can, ango da Asiya na Asiya sun mamaye yawancin adadi. Adadin Afirka daga Maroko zuwa Cape na Kyakkyawan Fata ya zauna a cikin nahiyar. An rarraba ƙasashen Asiya a Indiya, Pakistan, Isra'ila, Iran. A kan tsohuwar tarayyar Soviet, cheetah ba dabba ce mai wuya ba. A yau mafarauta yana gab da hallakaswa.
Tarwatsa jama'a da yawa sun haifar da kare jinsi, galibi a Algeria, Zambia, Kenya, Angola, Somalia. Smallan ƙaramin ɗan ƙaramin yanki ya ragu a Asiya. A cikin shekaru ɗari da suka gabata, yawan ƙwayoyin cuta sun ragu daga mutane dubu 100 zuwa dubu 10.
Paƙƙarfan dabbobi suna guje wa ɓoyuwa, fi son wuraren buɗe. Dabarar dabbobi bai shafi dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, yana haifar da rayuwa kai kadai. Hatta ma'aurata suna yin aure na gajeriyar magana, daga baya ta rabu.
Maza suna zaune shi kaɗai, amma a wasu lokutan ma ƙungiyoyi na haɗaɗɗun ƙungiyoyi na mutum 2-3, a cikinsu akwai waɗanda aka daidaita dangantakar. Mata suna rayuwa da kansu, idan ba su yi zuriya ba. Cheetahs ba su da rikici a cikin cikin kungiyoyi.
Manya da sauƙin jinkiri da kusancin sauran ƙwayoyin cuta, har ma da lafazin lamuran juna. Game da cheetah zamu iya cewa wannan dabba ce ta lumana a tsakanin dangi.
Ba kamar yawancin magabatanta ba, cheetah tana farauta ne kawai a lokacin rana, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar kayan abinci. A cikin neman abinci, yakan shiga cikin sanyi da safe ko da yamma, amma kafin magariba. Yana da mahimmanci ga cheetah don ganin ganima, kuma ba ji kamar sauran dabbobi ba. A dare, maharbin yana farauta da wuya.
Cheetah ba za ta nemi awanni a wuri ba kuma ta nemi wanda aka cutar. Mai ganin ganima, da maƙiyin nan da nan ya riske shi. Hakkin dan adam na yau da kullun, rashin ma'amala a cikin dabbobi tun zamanin da, lokacin da suke sarakunan wuraren zama.
Al'adu ya inganta halayensu na jigon abubuwa. Babban saurin gudu, tsalle mai tsayi na dabbar, iya canza yanayin walƙiya tare da saurin walƙiya don yaudarar wanda aka azabtar - gudu daga cheetah mara amfani. Zai iya zama da gangan, kamar yadda ikon maharbi bai isa ba don dogon bincike.
Yankin maza shine yanki mai buɗewa, wanda yayi alama da fitsari ko hurawar jiki. Saboda karancin fararen hular, cheetah ba ta neman ciyayi wanda ba za ta iya hawa ba. Dabba na iya samun matsuguni ne kawai a ƙarƙashin kurmi mai ƙaya, kambin itace mai laushi. Girman wurin maza yana dogara da yawan abinci, da kuma shafukan yanar gizo na mace - akan samuwar zuriya.
Abokan gaba na magabatan 'yan zaki ne, dawakai, damisa, bawai kawai suke kama dabbobi ba, harma suna kama ɗan adam. Cheetah mafarauta m. Raunin da aka samu daga waɗanda abin ya shafa ya zama mai muni ga mafarautan da kansu, saboda zai iya samun abinci kawai a kyakkyawan yanayin jiki. Dabarar dabara.