Dabbobin Dappled | |||||||
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Tsarin kimiyya | |||||||
Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Platin |
Subfamily: | Real deer |
Duba: | Dabbobin Dappled |
Dabbobin Dappled (lat. Cervus nippon) - dabbobi masu shayarwa daga zuriyar barewa (Cervidae).
Tsawon Jikin 160-180 cm, tsayi a lokacin ya bushe 95-112 cm, nauyi 75-130 kg. A lokacin rani, launin yana da ja-ja tare da farin aibobi, a cikin hunturu yana dims.
Ya kasance ta zama ruwan dare gama gari a arewa maso gabashin China, a tsibirin Taiwan, a Arewacin Vietnam, Korea, Japan. Sika barewa yana zaune a kudancin Primorye, an kawo shi tsakiyar layi na yankin Turai na Rasha da Caucasus a farkon 30s. Saboda yawan tsanantawa, kusan ya mutu ya mutu a farkon karni na 20.
Yana ciyarwa a kan tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire, fadadden itacen oyo, kwayoyi da 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganyen bishiyoyi da tsirrai, namomin kaza da berries, kuma yana cin ƙoshin itace da ƙananan rassan a cikin hunturu.
Gaguwa tana faruwa a watan Oktoba. Matan sun kawo furucin farko a cikin shekaru 2-3. Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar ɗa guda ɗaya, wani lokacin biyu.
A cikin Primorye, Altai, Caucasus, a kusa da Nalchik da kuma a cikin Kazbekovsky na Dagestan, an buge shi a gonaki saboda rigakafin. Yawanci, tsawon kaho bai wuce 80 cm ba kuma nauyin shine 1260 g. Mai darin zinar yana saukar da kaho a cikin watan Afrilu, a watan Yuni matattarar matasa tuni sunada matakai biyu ko uku, kodayake, a cikin manya, komai girman shekaru, yawan aiwatarwa baya wuce huɗu. Antlers sun fi mahimmanci a watan Yuni.
Adadin siraran da ke cikin daji ba su da dabbobi 3,000.
Hoto
Sika barewa yana yawo a titunan Miyajima, Japan
Sika Deer a Cougar Mountain Zoo, Washington, DC, Amurka
Sika deer
Sika daga cikin karkara
Sika a cikin Prioksko-Terrasny reserve
Ussuri sika deer. Kudin Bankin na Rasha - Jeri: Littafin jan, azurfa, 2 rubles, 2010
Sika Deer fasali da Habitat
Jan zina galibi ana kiran dabbobi dabbobi taiga, saboda suna son ɓoyewa cikin dajinan dazuzzuka da ƙananan kwari. Koyaya, kowane tallafi yana da nasa abubuwan buƙata.
Maral, wanda ana samunsu a tsaunin Sayan, zaɓi ɓangarorin da ke saman gandun daji, waɗanda suke ƙetaren shiga cikin yankin makiyaya. Tabar manchurian an fi sonta ta hanyar itacen oak mai laushi, da kuma garin Bukhara - maɓuɓɓugan itace da bishiyoyi masu yawa waɗanda ke bankunan koguna.
Dabbobin tsauni a lokacin rani suna zaɓar maɓuɓɓug na arewa, a cikin hunturu - waɗanda ke kudu. A Gabas ta Tsakiya, ana iya samun dila kusa da bakin tekun, inda suke cin abinci a kan algae da gishiri.
A lokacin rani, waɗannan dabbobin suna da launin ja-ja mai launin fari tare da fararen fata, amma ta lokacin hunturu mayafin a hankali suke raguwa, suna samun inuwa mai duhu mai duhu. Dogon lokacin farin ya bayyana a wuyan su, da kuma wani farin fari a yankin wutsiya, wanda ke taimaka musu su kasance tare a cikin dajin mai yawa. A dare, kwatancen juna shine walƙiyar idanu, waɗanda ke haskakawa cikin duhu da hasken fitilun duhu.
Matsayin waɗannan ungulal ana lura ya bambanta da girma. Manyan samfuran wapiti da barewa na iya kaiwa mita 2,5 a tsayi kuma sunkai kilo 300, kuma karamar debarar Bukhara tana da nauyi sau uku da kuma girman matsakaiciyar jiki - daga 75 zuwa 90 santimita.
Halin ƙaho kuma ya bambanta. Misali, siran na Turai, alal misali, ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar yawancin tsari, kuma barewar tana da ƙaho mai girma ba tare da kambi ba. Girman yankin da aka mallaka da dilan zinari ya dogara da inganci da girman kayan abinci. Tare da haɓaka kayan abinci, sikelin yankin da aka mamaye ya ragu.
Iyakokin garken, wanda suka kai mil da yawa kilomita, ana yiwa alama da kiyaye shi ta manya, yana mai jan hankalin baƙi.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Zuriyar zinar daji - mai hankali, mai jin kunya, mai natsuwa da dabba mai da hankali. Zai yuwu kusan a sadu da shi a cikin dajin kurmi, saboda yana da ikon jin ƙoshin kusancin mutum ko dabbobin da ke can nesa da nesa. Kyakkyawan ji da ƙoshin kamshi ya taimaka masa a wannan.
Abokan gaba a cikin zina masu yalwa. Kusa da rami na ruwa ana iya sa musu ido kuma karnukan kyarketai suka kewaye su. Ana farauta su da damisa da sauri, damisa, har ma da wasu lokutan a wasu lokuta.
Dandalin Ussuri mai rawaya (harza) da lynxes suna kaiwa kananan dabbobi hari. Nama yana da wuya musamman a cikin hunturu, idan akwai dusar ƙanƙara da kuma a lokacin bazara saboda rauni gaba ɗaya na jiki.
Koyaya, da waɗannan dabbobin ba zai yiwu a kira shi ɗanyen farauta ba. Suna gudu da sauri a lokacin da ake bi kuma suna iya narkewa har ma idan magabatansu sun toshe hanyar da zasu bi ta hanyar ƙasa.
A irin haka silin tsalle cikin ruwa kuma an cire shi da sauri daga bakin tekun. Yana da ƙarfi don rufe nesa da dama kilomita. Yayin tsere, tsayin ungulate ya kai mita 2.5, tsayinsa kuma yakai kimanin 8.
Sika deer ya zauna a cikin ƙarami, duk da cewa lokaci-lokaci saboda dalilai na aminci ana iya haɗasu cikin manyan garken. Suna lasa yawanci a cikin duhu don rage haɗarin hare-haren mafarauta.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Dabbobin Dappled - herbivore dabba. Yana ciyarwa akan tsire-tsire iri-iri, har ma da ƙwayaye, lemo, ciyawa, lichens, berries, tsaba, guna. Abunda ke faruwa a cikin hunturu suna da fassarori musamman idan zasu sami ganyen wilted, allura, haushi daga bishiyoyin dusar ƙanƙara.
Don wadatar da jikinsu da abubuwa masu amfani, suna lasa gishiri da ɗanɗano a ƙasa mai arziki a cikin ma'adanai. A cikin lokacin sanyi, deer na buƙatar ƙarin abinci, don haka mafarautan da ke cikin gandun daji koyaushe suna ba su ƙarin abinci.
Kiwo da tsawon rai na barewa
Ragewar barewa yana farawa a cikin kaka. An jiyo babbar rurin maza daga mata zuwa 2 zuwa 20 na mace har tsawon wata daya. Wasu lokuta tsakanin abokan hamayya na iya zama fada don gasar. Daga nan sai suka yi karo da kaho da karfi kamar yadda ake sauraren sautin a cikin radius na wasu tsawan mita.
Mace ta ba zuriya ta farko tun tana shekara 2-3, tana haihuwar 'ya' ya watanni 7.5. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, tana da ɗa guda ɗaya, wanda bayan haihuwa tsawon kwana goma yana kwance a cikin ciyawa.
Mahaifiyata tana ɗanɗana abin da ke kusa, tana jan hankalin maƙiyinta daga ƙazanta. A wata na fari na rayuwa, har yanzu ya kasance mai rauni kuma yana buƙatar ciyarwa akai-akai. Daga nan sai ya sauya don shuka abinci, kodayake yana ci gaba da karbar madara nono har zuwa shekara guda cikin adadi kaɗan.
Kusa da watanni 12 na rayuwa, maza sun fara bayyana kan goshin maza, wanda daga baya ya zama ƙaho mai ƙarfi. Ba tukuna ossified silin barewar da ƙarancin magunguna, abin da ya haifar da zubar da mutuncin waɗannan dabbobi.
Hakanan farawar mahaifa, wutsiyoyi, jini, jijiyoyi, fata da naman ungulates suma suna cikin buƙata, don haka yawan farauta ya haifar da cewa a farkon ƙarni na ashirin deppled deer ya zama mai ƙarancin kuɗi kuma an jera shi Littafin Jan kamar wani nau'in haɗari.
Hakanan ya sami ceto ta hanyar buɗe wasu gonaki na girke-girke na dibi waɗanda ke ba da albarkatun ƙasa don aikin likitanci. Amma yawan jama'a Ussuri sika deer ya kasa murmurewa gaba daya. Matsakaicin mazaunanta yana da iyakantuwa har zuwa yau.
Maza suna saukar da ƙaho a shekara kusan zuwa bazara. Na farkon tashin hankali ba su da tabbas, amma duk lokacin da ya biyo baya, har zuwa shekaru 10-12, jerin matakai da yawa sun bayyana a kansu.
Bayan samun matsakaicin ƙarfi, deer ya yi rauni a hankali. A lokaci guda, sayan kayan kwalliya da kyawun sanannun ƙahonin su ya ɓace. A cikin daji, waɗannan dabbobin za su iya rayuwa aƙalla shekaru ɗaya da rabi, amma ana samun “karni na 20” a cikin gonaki da wuraren ajiyar dabbobi.
Bayanin
Sika de sihiri ne na "Real deer", na gidan barewa ne. Wannan nau'in barewa ana bambanta shi da tsarin aikin mace mai kyawun gaske, an bayyana kyawunsa yayin da ya kai shekara 3, lokacin da maza tare da mata suka kai matsayinsu na ƙarshe da sikeli daidai.
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A lokacin bazara, launin dukkan maza da mata kusan sun hadu, launi ja ne mai launin fari tare da aibobi. A lokacin hunturu, mazan suna yin duhu cikin maza kuma suna samun launi mai ruwan zaitun, yayin da a cikin mace ya zama launin toka. Maza manya za su iya zuwa mita 1.6-1.8 a tsayi da mita 0.95-1.12 a tsayi a cikin ƙ witƙasassun. Yawan nauyin barewa shine kilogram 75-130. Mata suna da ƙanƙanta fiye da maza.
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Babban girman kai da dukiyar ɗan adam ƙaho huɗu ne masu kafofi, tsawonsu na iya bambanta daga santimita 65-79, tare da launin ruwan kasa mai launi.
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Launin kowane wakilin wannan nau'in mutum ɗaya ne kuma yana iya zama mai sauƙin haske ko duhu daga sautuna da yawa. A jikin deer, launin yana da 'yan maƙaƙa duhu, kuma a kan gabobin sun fi haske da mai paler. Jikin dabba yana cike da faffan wurare, waɗanda suka fi girma a ciki, kuma a bayan ta ya ƙanana. Wani lokacin farin tabo yana yin ratsi, gashi na iya kaiwa tsawon santimita 7.
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Littattafai
Ussuri sika deer wani nau'in dabbobi ne da ba kasafai ake samunsu ba kuma an jera su a cikin littafin littafi. Mazaunin wannan nau'in shi ne yankin Kudancin China, da kuma a cikin yankin Terimorsky a Rasha. Adadin mutane bai wuce dubu 3 ba.
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Littattafai jan littafi takardan aiki ne na hukuma, ya qunshi jerin dabbobi da tsirrai da ake barazanar rugujewa ko rushe su. Irin waɗannan dabbobi suna buƙatar kariya. Ana samun jerin ja don kowace ƙasa, a wasu yanayi don takamaiman yanki ko yanki.
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A cikin karni na 20, an kuma lissafa silar siraran a cikin Littafin Shafi. An haramta farauta ga wannan nau'in, idan an kashe dila, wannan zai zama kashe-kashen da doka ta tanada.
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A Rasha, maharbar Ussuri tana sake maimaita lambobin ta a cikin Reshen Lazovsky, da kuma a cikin Reshen Vasilkovsky. A karni na XXI, an sami daidaitawa da haɓaka a cikin adadin wannan nau'in.
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Sika deer rai
Dabbobi suna mamaye yankuna daban-daban. Masu ɗaukar lamuni sun gwammace su yi kiwo a wuraren 100-200 ha, namiji mai haila yana buƙatar 400 ha, kuma garke sama da 15 yana buƙatar kimanin 900 ha. Idan lokacin hallara ya ƙare, mazan manya za su hallara a cikin ƙaramin rukuni. Garkunan na iya samun ƙaruwa na namiji, wanda har yanzu bai kai shekara 3 ba. Yawan garken sun girma ta hanyar hunturu, musamman idan shekarar ta yi kyau ga amfanin gona.
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A cikin wasannin dijital, maza da suka kai shekaru 3-4 suna halarta, za su iya samun ƙarancin mace har zuwa 4. A cikin ajiyar kaya, namiji mai ƙarfi na iya rufe daga mata 10 zuwa 20. Yaƙe-yaƙe na mazan mazan ba su da yawa. Matar ta tsinke 'ya'yan na tsawon watanni 7.5, calving da dama a farkon watan Yuni.
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A lokacin rani, dabbar sikeli tana ciyar da rana dare da rana, kuma suna aiki akan ranakun fili a cikin hunturu. A lokacin yanayin yanayi mara kyau, alal misali, a lokacin dusar ƙanƙara, deer ya fi son kwanciya a cikin gandun daji mai yawa.
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Bayar da babu dusar ƙanƙara, babban ya sami damar motsawa da sauri, cikin sauƙin kan sami cikas ga girman mita 1.7. Dusar ƙanƙara ta rage motsi dabbobi, ta sa su motsa gaba ɗaya kuma suna haifar da matsaloli tare da neman abinci.
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Sika dela na iya yin ƙaura yanayi. Tsawon rayuwar barewa a cikin daji ba ya wuce shekaru 15. Suna gajarta rayuwar su: kamuwa da cuta, yunwa, mafarauta, masu farauta. A cikin ajiyar kaya, zoos, dabbar zinar zata iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 21.
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Inda yake zama
A cikin karni na 19, dutsen siye ya zauna a arewa maso gabashin China, a Arewacin Vietnam, Japan, kuma a Koriya. A yau, wannan nau'in ya ci gaba da kasancewa a Gabashin Asiya, New Zealand da Rasha.
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A cikin 1940, an sake fasalin sikandari a cikin rami mai zuwa:
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- Ilmensky,
- Hannan,
- Mordovian
- Buzuluk,
- Oksky
- Tebedinsky.
Sier deer ya fi son rafukan kudu da kudu maso gabashin bakin tekun; a kansu a lokacin hunturu dusar ƙanƙara tana da ɗan gajeren lokaci. Samari da ƙuruciya sun gwammace zama kusa da teku ko ƙanana a gangaren.
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Abin da ke ci
Irin wannan barewar tana cin abinci ne na shuka, wanda adadinsu ya kai nau'ikan 400. A cikin Primorye da gabashin Asiya, kashi 70% na abincin shine bishiyoyi da tsirrai. Tabar wiwi tana amfani da abinci:
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- itacen oak, wato itacen ɓaure, fure, ganye, harbe,
- linden da Amur inabi,
- ash, Manchurian irin goro,
- Maple, Elm da sedge.
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Dabbobin suna ta amfani da hawan bishiya don abinci tun tsakiyar tsakiyar hunturu, lokacin da aka rufe manyan filaye na kasa a dusar ƙanƙara, kuma ba a yin watsi da rassan alder, Willow da ceri na tsuntsaye. Da wuya a sha ruwan teku.
Bayyanar
A lokacin rani, maza da mata sun sha bamban da wahala a launi. Duka biyunsu ana zane-zanen mai launin shuɗi mai launin fari, ban da cewa mace tana ɗan ƙara haske. A cikin hunturu, ya fi sauƙi a rarrabe su: furcin maza ya zama duhu, launin ruwan zaitun, da mace su zama launin toka mai haske. Dabba ya girma cikin tsayi zuwa 1.6-1.8 m tare da tsayi a cikin ƙ atƙasassu na 0.95-1.12 m da nauyin 75 zuwa 130 kg. Mata suna da ɗan ƙarami fiye da maza. Tabar tana da tsawo, kusan a tsaye wuyansa, an ɗora shi da babban kai-tsaye tare da kunnuwa daidai gwargwado. Babban ado na namiji shine launin ruwan kasa mai haske 4-mai kaho wanda tsawonsa ya bambanta tsakanin 65-79 cm tare da taro mai nauyin 0.8-1.3.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Zurfin daji wanda yake da ƙaho zuwa 0.9-0.93 cm daga likitocin dabbobi sun hango wani lokaci, wata tsohuwar dila mai ɗauke da kaho mafi girma tana da kama - suna da matakai 6 kuma suna faɗaɗa da kusan 1.9 kg.
Kowace dabba tana nuna launin launi guda ɗaya a cikin sautin rigar da a wurin / launi da aibobi. Bayanin ja yana da duhu koyaushe akan farar ƙasa, amma ya fi haske a bangarorin (ƙasa) da ciki. Ja mai launin ja shima yana sauka zuwa ga angaren, yana samo kwalliya mai kyau anan.
Jikin yana cike da fararen fata na gida: akan ciki suna da girma, akan baya - karami. Wani lokaci (galibi akan tarnaƙi) waɗannan wuraren suna haɗuwa tare, suna juye zuwa fararen fata har zuwa tsawon cm 10. Ba a lura da alamun farin komai a cikin barewa, wani lokacin kuma (saboda lalacewar fur) suna ɓacewa har ma da waɗanda suka nuna kansu a cikin kaka. Daidaitaccen tsawon gashi a jikin mutum daga 5 zuwa 7 cm.
An san cewa ƙwalƙwalwar ƙwalƙwalwa (a cikin bauta da yanayi) ba wai kawai ma'aurata masu ɗauke da ja ba, har ma suna ba da cikakkiyar ƙwayar zuriya. Ana san gicciye ta hanyar girman iyaye, amma na waje ya fi kama da siram na zinari.
Sika Deer Face Mask
Dabbobin suna bin yankuna daban-daban. Mafarauta suna zuwa makiyaya a cikin wuraren 100-200 ha, namiji mai ƙwanƙwasawa na mata 4-5 (lokacin tuki) yana da isasshen 400 ha, kuma garken dabbobi 14-16 sun rufe yanki har zuwa 900 ha. A ƙarshen lokacin kiwo, maza manya sun shiga cikin ƙananan rukuni. A cikin garken mace, da kananan dabbobi marasa aure fiye da shekaru 2 rayuwa. Yawan garken garke ya tashi ta hunturu, musamman a shekarun girbi.
A lokacin rani, delaji yakan nemi abinci da safe da maraice, a ranakun hutu na hunturu, suma suna aiki, amma da wuya su bar wuraren su a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, suna ɓoye a cikin sasanninta mai duhu. Suna nuna gudu mai sauri a cikin bazara da hunturu a cikin rashin dusar ƙanƙara, da sauƙin tsalle sama (tsawan 1.7 m) cikas. Babban murfin dusar ƙanƙara (daga 0.6 m da sama) ya zama babban bala'i ga barewa. Dabba ya fadi cikin kauri daga dusar ƙanƙara kuma yana iya motsawa ta hanyar tsalle, wanda hakan ke lalata ƙarfi da sauri. Abubuwan dusar ƙanƙara na dusar ƙanƙara yana da wahala ba wai kawai motsawa ba, har ma don neman abinci.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Deer shine mai yin iyo, mai kyau kilomita 10-12. Ruwa na zama ceto daga ƙwari da kwanduna, don haka a lokacin haifuwa ta parasites, dabbobi suna zuwa bakin teku, su tsaya a ruwa ko kuma a wuraren da iska ta hura.
Dabbobin da ke gani, bisa ga lura da likitocin dabbobi, an san su da ƙaura yanayi ne.
Tsawon rayuwa
A cikin daji, bareyin rayuwa bai wuce shekaru 11-14 ba, yana mutuwa daga kamuwa da cuta, manyan mafarautan daji, yunwa, hatsarori da masu kiwon dabbobi. A cikin gonaki na antler da wuraren kiwon dabbobi, matsakaicin rayuwa na zinare ya kai shekaru 18 zuwa 21, da kuma tsoffin mata (bayan shekaru 15) har ma sun haihu.
Habitat, mazauni
Ba haka ba da daɗewa, dila na zinari ya rayu a arewa maso gabashin China, Arewacin Vietnam, Japan, Korea, da Taiwan. A kasar Sin, kusan wadannan kyawawan abubuwan an cire su, amma sun ci gaba da kasancewa a gabashin Asiya (daga Yankin Ussuri zuwa Arewacin Vietnam da wasu tsibiran da ke kusa da shi). Hakanan ana gabatar da sier deer a cikin New Zealand.
Muna da waɗannan abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda aka samo a kudu na Far East: kewayon ya wuce Rasha zuwa Koriya ta kudu da yamma zuwa Manchuria. A shekarun 40 na karnin da ya gabata, an zaunar da dila kuma aka sanya shi a fannoni da dama na Soviet:
- Ilmensky (kusa da Chelyabinsk),
- Khopersky (kusa da Borisoglebsk),
- Mordovian (ba ta da nisa daga Arzamas),
- Buzuluk (kusa da Buzuluk),
- Oksky (gabashin Ryazan),
- Teberdinsky (Arewacin Caucasus).
- Kuibyshevsky (Lada).
Dabbobin ba su da tushe kawai a rami na ƙarshe, amma sun sami masaniya a wasu sabbin wurare, gami da Yankin Moscow, karkarar Vilnius, Armenia da Azerbaijan.
Mahimmanci! A cikin Primorsky Territory, deer ya fi son gandun daji na itacen oak mai zurfi mai zurfi tare da laima mai zurfi, ƙasa da mafi yawan lokuta yana zaune a cikin gandun itacen al'ul-mai tsayi (ba ya fi 0,5 kilomita ba) kuma ya yi watsi da itacen al'ul-duhu mai duhu.
Sier na zaune a tsaunukan kudu / kudu maso kudu na kannun bakin ruwa mai dusar ƙanƙara, inda dusar ƙanƙara ba ta cika sama da mako guda ba, kamar yadda ruwan sama ke share shi. Faɗan ƙasar da aka fi so yana da shimfidar ƙasa tare da koguna masu yawa. Mafi yawan matasa dabbobi da mata, ba kamar maza sun girma ba, suna zaune kusa da tekun da ƙananan gefen tudu.
Sika deer
Tsarin menu na waɗannan artiodactyls ya hada da ciyayi kawai - kusan nau'ikan 130 a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma sau uku (390) a kudu na Rasha, da kuma ɓangaren Turai. A cikin Primorye da gabashin Asiya, kusan kashi 70% na abincin shine bishiyoyi / bishiyoyi. Anan a cikin abincin naman daji yaci:
- itacen oak (itacen ɓaure, fure, ganye, harbe da harbe),
- Linden da Manchu aralia,
- Amur inabi da Amal karammiski,
- acantopanax da lespedets,
- Ash da Manchurian irin goro
- Maple, Elm, sedge da laima.
Dabbobin haushi suna haushi a rabi na biyu na hunturu, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara yawa ta faɗi. A wannan lokacin, ana amfani da willow, ceri tsuntsu, zaɓaɓɓen alder da alder.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Daga cikin barewar ya bar ganye da ciyawa daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara (tare da kaurin murfin da ya kai cm 30-50). A cikin hunturu, zoster da kelp kuma ana ci, ana amfani dasu a lokacin rani kawai kamar cingam. Deer yawanci ƙin lasisi na itace.
Sika yakan tafi zuwa ga maɓallin gishiri na wucin gadi da maɓuɓɓugan ma'adinai (mai ɗumi), ruwan ƙamshi, ash, ƙanƙara da tekun tekun, wani lokacin kuma ana shan ruwan teku.
Kiwo da zuriya
A cikin Lazovsky Zapovednik (Primorye), deer barewa yana gudana a watan Satumba / Oktoba kuma yana ƙare a ranar Nuwamba 5-8. A cikin girbi na shekara don itacen oak, wasanni na daskarewa (wanda aka ba da izinin maza waɗanda suka kai shekaru 3-4) sun fi aiki koyaushe. Maza manya suna yin ruri a safiyar yau da maraice, suna samun ƙananan zomaye (mata “3-4”) kuma suna asara nauyi, suna asarar nauyinsu. Yaki tsakanin ma'aurata, sabanin barewar Manchurian, ba kasafai ake samun saɓani ba.
Cutar ciki tana ɗaukar watanni 7.5, kuma sauƙaƙa daga ɗaukar nauyin ya faɗi, a matsayin doka, a tsakiyar watan Mayu (ƙasa da sau a ƙarshen Afrilu ko Yuni). Insyan tagwayen Sika marasa ƙarfi ne: ƙuruciya galibi tana haihuwar ɗan maraƙi ɗaya.
Mahimmanci! A cikin gonakin antler, gon / calving yakan faru ne daga baya fiye da deer daji a cikin Primorye. A cikin zaman talala, mai samar da karfi ya lullube aƙalla biyar, kuma mafi yawan mata 10-20.
Maza haihuwar jarirai masu nauyin kilogiram 4.7-7.3, mace - daga 4.2 zuwa 6.2 kg. A farkon zamanin, ba su da ƙarfi kuma suna kwance kusan koyaushe, yayin da uwayensu ke kiwo a kusa. Yara za su iya kuje kansu kawai bayan kwana 10-20, amma suna tsotse madarar uwa ta wani dogon lokaci, har zuwa watanni 4-5. Ba su bar mahaifiyarsu ba har sai lokacin bazara mai zuwa, kuma galibi sun fi tsayi. Tare da farkon kaka molt, deer rasa kayan su na yara.
A watan 10, an yi bututun ƙarafa (3.5 cm) a kan shugabannin samari, kuma tuni a cikin watan Afrilu ƙaho na farko, har yanzu ba a tsare su ba. Maan samari suna ɗaukar su kusan shekara guda, suna faduwa a watan Mayu / Yuni na shekara mai zuwa don siran ƙaho mai ƙyalƙyali.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
A cikin ƙarni da suka gabata, yawan sikandar daji ya ragu sosai. Babban dalilin raguwar yawan jama'a shine yaƙin neman farauta, anayyana akan waɗannan ungulates saboda kyakkyawan ɓoye da tashin hankali. Sauran dalilai marasa kyau an ambata:
- ci gaba da kuma lalata ciyawar dazuzzukan daji,
- gina sabbin mazauna karkara,
- bayyanar yawancin karnuka da karnuka,
- cututtuka masu yaduwa da yunwa.
Rage dabbobi kuma ana danganta shi da fitowar gonakin antler, wanda ma'aikatansu ba su san yadda ake kama dabbobi da farko ba, lamarin da ya haifar da barewa su mutu. A yau, farauta na silan masarautar daji an haramta kusan ko'ina a matakin majalisa. Dabbobi (a cikin matsayin nau'in haɗari) sun fadi duka a shafuffuka na Red Book na Federationungiyar Rashanci da kuma a cikin Karatun Redasa ta Duniya.
A Rasha, suna tunanin sakin deer a tsibiran kusa da Vladivostok. Wannan zai zama mataki na farko na sake tattara tarin unguwanni a wadancan yankuna na Primorye inda aka samo su a baya, amma daga baya suka bace.
Bayyanar sifar dame
Sika dabbar dabba ce kyakkyawa kuma mai fasahar fasaha, wacce take da lafiyayyen jiki. Tsawon jikin mace ya kai santimita 174 tare da tsawan tsinkayen da ya kai santimita 98. Maza manya sun fi girma girma, tsayin jikinsu ya kai santimita 180 tare da tsayi a cikin ƙishirwa har zuwa santimita 118. Yawan nauyin mace ya kai kilogiram 74-84, maza - 118-132 kg.
Smallan ƙaramin kyau, kyakkyawa, madaidaiciya a wuyan tsaye da kyan gani, kawai a cikin maza maza aka yi musu ɗora tare da ƙaho mai girma, kambin wanda yawanci ya ƙunshi uku, huɗu, biyar da matsanancin wahayi - na matakai bakwai, girmansa ya kai 80 santimita. Yawan aiwatarwa, girman kaho da nauyinsu kai tsaye ya dogara da shekarun dabba. Deer-devyavletka, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da ƙaho mafi girma kuma mafi nauyi. Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan halittu ba, waɗanda kuma suna da hanyar tubular ƙaho, Fa-Lu tana canza kahonta duk shekara.
Manyan bayyanannun idanu, babba, wayar hannu da kullun masu faɗakarwa.
Slinder, kafafu masu ƙarfi suna barin barewar ta gudu, tsalle da iyo sosai. Tsalle mai tsalle cikin cikakkiyar ruhun artiodactyl na iya kaiwa tsawon mita 10 da tsawo na mita 2.5.
Launin riguna mai kauri na wannan kyakkyawar Ussuriite, a lokacin rani, yana da launi mai launin ja da ƙaramin launuka masu haske waɗanda aka warwatse a bayan da dabbar. A cikin hunturu, wannan launi mai haske yana faduwa da ɗan, samun launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Har ila yau, tabarmajewan sun yi rauni kuma suna zama mara bayyanewa. Cutar ciki da kusa-kusa da dila na zinar a koyaushe tana walƙiya, wani lokacin har zuwa kusan farin launi. Tare da tsawon tsawon jikin mutum, daga bayan kai zuwa gindin wutsiya, akwai wata shudi ko duhu baƙi, abin da ake kira iyaka-kalma.
Wutsiyar dabbar kuma gajere. “Madubi” (farin tabo a kusa da wutsiyar), bakin duhu ko gashi mai duhu.
Yankunan rarraba da mazaunin Ussuri deer
Babban mazaunin Ussuri mallakar sillar deer ya mamaye yankin Primorsky Territory na Rasha, arewa maso gabashin China da arewacin Koriya ta kudu. An kuma samo wannan dabbar a Arewacin Vietnam, Japan da Taiwan. An gan shi a tsibiran Peter Great Bay a cikin Tekun Japan da kuma tsibirin kudu na tsibirin Kuril (Kunashir, Iturup, tsibirin Shikotan). A cikin adadi kaɗan an shigo da shi zuwa ƙasashe kusan nahiyoyin duniya. Babban wuraren zama na yau da kullun sune gandun daji gauraye na nau'in Manchu, gungumen katako na kogin Sikhote-Alin, gandun daji na kogi na Kogunan gabas da ke gudana a Tekun Japan.
Popuan ƙaramin yawan wannan rukunin ƙasashe masu ma'ana a cikin wasu ƙasashe an zaunar dasu a wurare masu katako tare da ciyawar ciyawa da gefuna, kazalika da ambaliyar ruwa na koguna.
Sika deer salon rayuwa da yanayin rayuwa
"Furen fure-fure" yana jagorantar salon rayuwa na musamman. Matsakaicin, garken yakankai daga mutum 7 zuwa 10. Don hunturu, artiodactyls sun shiga cikin manyan garken dabbobi.
Matsakaicin Ussurians kuje, a matsayin mai mulki, tare da farawar maraice da dare, da fifita kwanciyar hankali da rana a wani wuri a cikin wani ɓoyayyen Inuwa na gandun daji. Zai yiwu haɗuwa da su waje kiwo da rana kawai a cikin hunturu a bakin ko a cikin takaddun inda suka ɓoye daga iska mai ƙarfi.
Dabbobi suna zagaye da yankunansu ta amfani da hanyoyi guda iri ɗaya, suna bin hanyoyin da za a rarrabe su da kyau. Deer yi iyo sosai, wanda ke ba su damar iyo ba koguna kawai ba, har ma da kankarar teku mai nisan kilomita 10. Abin da ya sa ana iya samo su a tsibiran na Kuril na Tekun Okhotsk, nesa sosai da babban ƙasa.
Ba kamar sauran dabbobin daji ba, Fa-Lu ba ta jin tsoron kusancin gidajen mutane, hanyoyi da layin dogo don neman abinci, duk da cewa tana nuna matukar ƙarfi. A kai a kai, musamman a cikin lokacin sanyi mai dusar ƙanƙara, yana ziyartar wuraren ciyar da mutum.
Kiwo Ussuri Sika Deer
Harbin budurwar namiji yakan faru ne a shekara ta uku ko ta huɗu, yayin da mace ta kasance shirye don ma'aurata tuni cikin shekaru biyu.
Gon (lokacin kiwo) a cikin ƙwayar zinar yana faruwa a watan - daga ƙarshen Satumba zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba. Domin 'yancin mallakar barewa tsakanin maza manya, yaƙe-yaƙe suna faruwa, galibi yakan ƙare da raunin abokan hamayyarsa. Ba wai kawai ƙahoni ba, har ma ana amfani da golf da hakora. Amma, kamar yadda suke faɗa, mai nasara - yana samun komai.
Bayan lokacin kiwo, lokacin da aka ayyana dukkan alamu, maza manya na Ussuri zinar, da suka kirkiro garken 'yan' 'maza', barin, barin matan da suka hadu su yi kiwo don kansu.
Bayan haihuwar wata takwas, yawanci daga Mayu zuwa Yuni, deer yakan iya zama bare guda ɗaya. Ba a taɓa samun haihuwar isan biyu ba. Girman jariri yana daga kilo 4 zuwa 7.
Kula da cutar zinare deer
Dean sabon haihuwar Ussuri sika deer ya tsaya a ƙafafunsa a cikin sa'o'i na farko bayan haihuwa, amma a wannan lokacin yana da rauni wanda zai iya bin mahaifiyar. Sabili da haka, ya kasance a wurin na dogon lokaci, yana ɓoye cikin ciyawa mai tsayi ko ciyawa. Mahaifiyar makiyaya tana kusa da ɗan rago, tana ciyar da ita da madara har sau 10 a rana.
Sai bayan da ya kai shekaru biyu da daddare, ban da madara, ya fara yankan ciyawa da ganyayyaki na daji da kansa. A hankali, ya sauya gaba daya don shuka abinci kuma, har ya cika shekara daya, ya bar kulawa da uwarsa gaba daya.
Abokan gaba na dabbobi
Tabar wiwi ta Ussuri a yanayi tana da makiya da yawa - kyarkeci, bera, Ussuri, bera mai ɗanɗano, lynx, kuma a wasu yankuna na Gabas ta Tsakiya, damisa.
Babban kuma mafi hadarin abokan wannan nau'in sune karnukan karnuka. A cikin lokacin dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi, lokacin da barewar ba kawai yana da wahalar samun abinci ba, har ma yana da wahalar tserewa daga tsananin dusar kankara daga hatsarin, shi ne karnukan karnukan nan da ke cinyewa da kuma kashe sama da ɗaya bisa biyar na yawan zina.
Wannan nau'in artiodactyl ya sha wahala mai yawa daga mutane. Kuma duk laifin - saurayi har yanzu yana da taushi, an rufe shi da kahon bareyin jini - antlers sun kasance suna yin samfurin likita mai mahimmanci - pantocrine. Wannan kisan gilla ne ga maharbi da masu wannan mahallaka suka haddasa mummunar illa ga al populationummomin wannan kyakkyawan halittar.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Sika de
Don deer na fure (sier ɗan akuya) an sanya wani wuri na musamman ga dangin barewa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ya kasance a ƙarshen talatain ɗin saboda haka aka jera shi a cikin littafin farko. Duk saboda gaskiyar cewa, yawan mutanen gabashin gabas, galibi Sin da Tibet, sun yaba sosai game da damar warkewar, tushen yin sa wanda ba ƙaho mai ƙamshi ba. Pantocrine, wanda ke da tasiri mai amfani akan tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, an cire shi daga karkarar antler na dila.
Kudin ƙaho ya yi yawa, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa farautar barewar ta karu, kuma yawan su yana raguwa da sauri. A wannan adadin, a farkon karni na 20 a cikin USSR akwai kusan shugabannin dubu na ƙaƙƙarfan zinari, kuma a wasu yankuna na Asiya wannan nau'in ya ɓace gaba ɗaya. Dangane da bincike, masana binciken burbushin halittu sun kammala da cewa kazarin deer na zamani ya kafe a Kudancin Asiya. An yi imani da cewa dabbar sifar asalin asalin, wannan hujja tana tabbatar da kasancewar tsari mai sauƙi da kuma nau'ikan ƙaho fiye da deer mai daraja.
Matsalar garkuwa da zinare
Wannan dabba ce mai yawan kunya da ban mamaki. Kuma kodayake yana da ikon kusantar da mutum kusa da kansa fiye da danginsa na daji, barewar, Manchurian, duk da haka, ya ji tsoro har ƙarshen rayuwarsa da ƙoƙarin guje wa haɗuwa da mutum, kasancewar a zaman fursuna, yana da ikon yin sauri don cutar da ɓoyayyen shingen.
Cikakken rayuwar wannan halitta zai yuwu ne kawai a cikin daji. A cikin zaman talala, a zahiri ba shi horarwa, wanda gabaɗaya yana kula da gidansa.
Ya yi kama da siket Ussuri, duba a cikin wannan bidiyon:
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Sika de a Rasha
Dean silsilar tana da ƙyar tana da ɗaukar hoto. Ganawa tare da wannan dabbar mai hankali a wani fili, ba kirga adadin dunƙun lamuni daidai yake da sifili ba. Yana iya jin kusancin baƙon da ba a so ko maƙiyin a wani babban nisan nesa. Tunda yana da kunne mai zurfi da ingantaccen yanayin jin ƙanshi. Tare da canjin yanayi, halin dabba ya canza.
A lokacin rani - deer suna cikin motsi akai-akai kuma suna cin abinci sosai. A cikin hunturu, makamashi yana raguwa da alama, sun zama marasa aiki, galibi suna kan benci. Kawai tare da karfin iska mai ƙarfi ya zama tilas ya nemi mafaka a cikin kurmi mai kauri. Sika barewa da kuma Hardy. Kwararrun masu iyo ne sosai, suna iya shawo kan nesa a cikin teku zuwa kilomita 12.
Dabbar tana da haɗari ga cututtukan cututtuka, an rubuta sunayen cututtuka:
- rabies, necrobacteriosis, pasteurellosis, anthrax da tarin fuka,
- ƙarancin ringi, candidiasis,
- dicroisliosis, helminths (lebur, zagaye da kintinkiri),
- ticks, midges, horseflies, whipworms da sauransu daga dangin ectoparasites.
Lastarshe na sama, yana haifar da rashin jin daɗi da damuwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Sika deer cub
Jinsi na haihuwa yana faruwa ne a shekara 1 da wata 6, amma galibi ana kula da mace ne tun yana dan shekara uku. Maza suna shirye don yin takin ba a farkon shekara huɗu ba. Lokacin mating yana farawa a watan Satumba kuma ya ƙare a farkon Nuwamba. Wannan tsawon lokacin shine 30 zuwa 35 days. A wannan lokacin, ana jin roƙon namiji a nesa da nisan mita ɗari. Kasuwancin ciki yakan faru tsawon kwanaki, wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa watakila mace ba zata haɗaka ta ba.Tsarin yana faruwa sau da yawa tare da wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, a kan maza musamman hoofed hooves - igiyoyin.
Tsawan ciki na iya zama 215 - 225 kwana ko (watanni 7.5). Daya maraƙi ne ko da yaushe haife, kuma a lokuta na musamman tagwaye. Calving yakan faru a watan Mayu, da wuya a watan Yuni. Jariri sabon ciki na iya awo daga kilogram 4.5 zuwa 7. A nono mahaifiyar, da sabon ɗan maraƙi, ta fara tsotsewa kusan nan da nan bayan bayyanar, ta ɗauki matakai na farko a cikin 'yan sa'o'i biyu. Calves na iya fara kiwo 15 zuwa 20 bayan haihuwar, kuma ta shayar da nono har zuwa lokacin haihuwar gaba, idan ba a sake ta daga uwa ba.
Offspringaramin ɗan Youngan saurayi yana haɓaka saurin bazara a lokacin bazara, tare da zuwan hunturu, waɗannan hanyoyin sun rage kaɗan. Bayan shekara ta biyu na rayuwa kawai ke da bambance-bambancen halayen, mace ta kasance ƙarami, kuma namiji ya sami ƙaramin ƙwayar cuta daga gindin kwanyar, wanda daga baya ya zama ya zama kaho.
Magabatan zahiri na dila
Hoto: Zare dila
Abin takaici, silar daddawa tana da adadin adadi na marasa ilimi, daga cikinsu akwai:
- Wolves (wani lokacin karnukan karnukan raccoon),
- damisa, damisa, damisa,
- launin ruwan kasa bear (hare-hare da wuya)
- dawakai, dawakai, kuliyoyi (da ake fada akan saurayi).
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran masu farautar, karnukan karnukan wari ba su da karamin illa ga wannan jinsin. Wolves farauta a cikin fakitoci, tuki da kewaye wani karamin garke. Yawancin lokaci yakan faru ne a cikin hunturu da farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da motsi na zinar ya fi wahala. Rashin rauni da ƙarancin dabbar, wanda ya haifar da rashi yawan adadin abincin da ake buƙata, shima yana shafar. Masu ɗaukar madaidaiciya galibi suna zama ganima ga magoyan cat, ƙwararrun makiyaya ne.
Ana iya ɓoye barewar da ba a tsammani. Tunda wadannan kuliyoyin sun sami damar motsawa ko da kan dusar ƙanƙara ce, ganima bata da wata dama ta tserewa. A cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi da sanyi, dabbar za ta iya mutuwa daga gajiya, saboda ba ta da ikon samun abincin da take ci. Ya zama mai rauni da raɗaɗi, wanda ke jan hankalin masu farautar matsakaitan da ƙananan ƙanana. Hanya daya tilo don kare kanka ita ce tserewa. Kar ku manta cewa dabbobin sun sha wahala sosai daga sa hannun mutanen da ke farautar matasa don yin magunguna.
Sika mai gadi
Hoto: Sika de
Ana cikin jerin gwanon na Sika a jerin Redungiyar Redasa ta Duniya don Unionariyar Yanayi. Babban aiki wanda shine kariya da kuma kiyaye rayuwar wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu wadanda ke gab da hallaka. Yankunan da aka jera a cikin littafin Red na kasashen bayan Soviet bayan-lokaci suna samun kariya a matakin majalisa. Tunda babbar takaddar doka ce kuma tana da jagororin mizani don kiyaye kariya daga nau'ikan halittu.
Hakan ya biyo bayan wasu canje-canje da ƙoƙari don adana jinsin, wannan ya haifar da nazarin fasalulluka:
- mazauna (rarraba yanki),
- yawa da tsari a cikin garkunan,
- siffofin kwayoyin halitta (lokacin kiwo),
- Halayen ƙaura dangane da lokacin shekara (amma galibi dabbobi ba sa barin yankunansu, wanda ya zarce daruruwan kadada).
A halin yanzu, akwai haɓakar aiki na ƙimar yawan jama'a a cikin daji, kuma ana ba da babbar kulawa ga wuraren ajiyar yanayi da yankuna da ke kusa da su. An kirkiro matakai da yawa waɗanda suka sami ƙarfin doka bayan ɗaukar su a matsayin tsarin jihar.
Muhimmin aiki shine:
- kiyayewa da nau'in barewa (idan zai yiwu, ku guji haɗuwa da jinsin),
- aikin maidojin da ke zaune wanda dabbobi ke rayuwa,
- canji da ƙirƙirar sababbin wuraren kariya,
- ingantacciyar kariya daga masu hasara da masu farauta (na farko ana aiwatar da ita ne ta hanyar harbin karnuka).
Duk da dokar hana fita farauta, yawan macijin daji da yake a yanzun baya canzawa, kuma lokaci zuwa lokaci yana raguwa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa malamai masu fashin baki suna ci gaba da yin babban lahani, suna bin dabbobi don samun ganima mai ƙima ta hanyar fata mai ƙyalli ko kuma matasa marasa saƙar fata. Ba'a san ko akwai yiwuwar nan gaba na fadada iyakokin wuraren aikin jinya ba, wanda aikinsa na farko zai zama ba kawai don fitar da pant ba, har ma don sake cike ginin hanyar. Dabbobin Dappled yana buƙatar kariya ta mutum, in ba haka ba da daɗewa ba zamu iya rasa wannan kyakkyawan dabba.
Sika naman sikirin
Tabarwa matsakaici ne a girma. Tsawonsa ga ƙ ofƙasassu na mazan sun bambanta tsakanin 85-1158 cm, tsawon jikin yana daga cm 90 zuwa 118. Tsawon kwanyar shine 265-335 mm, rayayyun gari shine 93 zuwa 148 kg. Matan Sika suna da ƙanana fiye da maza (nauyi a raye bai wuce kusan 20%). Headan ƙaramin kai tare da kunkuntar wulakantacciya, madaidaiciya mai wuya da kafafu na bakin ciki suna ba da ƙwarƙwalwar ƙaramin sihiri. Kunnuwa suna da tsawo, suka nuna, suna daurewa, sun kai saman gaban ciyawar, ko ma ci gaba daga gaba. Madubin hanci yana da girma, ya mamaye tsakiyar lebe na sama, duka sararin samaniya tsakanin hanci da hancinsa zuwa ƙarshen gefan ƙarshen ƙarshen. Girman glandan preorbital suna da girma, mai zurfi. Iris na zinar barewa yana launin ruwan kasa tare da ɗalibin da ke kwance a keɓe.
Gashin hunturu na delalen zinari ya ƙunshi siriri mai ƙyalƙyali da kashin wucin gadi. Tsawon gashi a bayan baya a wannan lokacin ya kai cm 5-6. Murmushi a gaban idanun da yatsun hannu da ke kasan carpal da hular gwiwa an rufe shi da gajeriyar gashi mai santsi. Gashi a kan glandon metatarsal wani nau'in matashin kai na roba ne wanda ya fito daga saman fata na fata. An rufe jelar sigarin sutura da gashi, daidai yake da jiki, wanda baya fitowa a ƙarshen goga. Fuskar ciki (ventral) saman wutsiyar gashi bashi da. A cikin maza, gashin da ke kan wuya, musamman a kan ƙananan gefen, an haɗu da 9-10 cm kuma suna samar da nau'i na mane.
Tarihi da kuma rarraba sikandire
A cikin burbushin halittu, ba a san dilan ƙwallon ba, amma asalinsa asalinsa yana haifar da nau'in Pliocene C. magnus Zdansky daga China, wanda tuni yana da matakai guda huɗu akan ƙaho. A halin yanzu, rarraba sillar barewa ta iyakance ga lardunan gabashin China, Korea, yankin kudu maso gabas, da kuma tsibiran Japan da Taiwan.
A cikin Rasha, ana samun dila a cikin daji a cikin Primorsky Territory kudu na 46 na layi daya. A da, ta mamaye dukkan yankin gabashin tuddai na Sikhote-Alin a cikin wadannan iyakokin. Yanzu an rarraba shi sosai ba a sani ba. Dalilin shi ne rashin ingantattun yanayi a wurare da yawa ko cunkoso da wargajewar mutum. A tsakiyar karni na karshe, an samo dila a kwarin kogin. Ussuri daga sama ya kai bakin Nora. A lokacin, a gangaren gabas na hawan Sikhote-Alin, iyakar arewa ita ce Kwarin Bikina. A halin yanzu, ba ya can, ban da wasu lokuta a tsare.
Sika Deer Biology
Rarraba ciyayin da ke cike da daji ya ta'azzara ne ga dazuzzuka marasa ma'ana da cakuda Ussuri tare da yawancin itacen oak, maɓuɓɓuga, linden, ash, Manchurian gyada, karammiski da sauran tsirrai na Manchurian flora. Ofasan mazaunin mazaunin tuddai ne tare da tsaunukan dutse da wuraren sakawa, manyan kwaruruka (filaye), koguna da koguna. An ba da fifiko ga wuraren da ake ci gaba da dazuzzukan daji tare da ciyayi, ciyayin da aka fi so a lokacin bazara. Sika daga yardar ranta ya zauna cikin dajin wani matashi da ya girma akan wurin tsohuwar konewa.
Abinda ke taka rawa mai mahimmanci kuma yana iyakance rarrabawa na dila shine zurfin murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Bai sami ikon fitar da abinci daga dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi ba, kuma tsawon murfin dusar ƙanƙancin 20-30 cm shine matsanancin iyaka. Tsawon lokacin hunturu bashi da mahimmanci. A gangaren yamma na Sikhote-Alin, matsakaicin zurfin dusar ƙanƙara bai ƙasa da na gabas ba, amma tunda ya dogara ne a kan kullun kuma ya dade, dabbar da aka taɓa gani a mafi yawancinsu ba a taɓa samun sa ba (Abramov, 1939). Mafi yawan dabbobinsa ana ajiye su kusa da gabar Tekun Japan, inda hunturu ba dusar ƙanƙara kuma dusar ƙanƙara ta narke cikin sauri. Mafi nisanci daga teku, bareyin ya zama karami.
Sika yakan zauna a cikin rukunin dabbobi 7-10, a wasu lokutan sukan taru a garkunan dubun dubbai, da kuma a wuraren shakatawa, har ma da ɗaruruwan ɗaruruwan. Dabbobin sun hada da dabbobi masu shekaru daban-daban da na maza. A lokacin girma na kaho (antlers), maza yawanci sukan zama kaɗai, mace don lokacin haihuwar da makon farko na lactation suma sun yi ritaya daga garken, inda suke shiga kawai lokacin da barewar tayi ƙarfi. A saman garken kuwa shine, a cewar Mirolyubov (1936), mace ce. Idan akwai haɗari, ƙarshen zai yi ƙara da ƙarfi tare da ƙari da ƙaramin sauti. Jinjiri mai firgita yana yawo a cikin manyan tsalle. A lokaci guda, farin gashi a cikin kewayen wutsiya, ga alama, yana tashi da sauri kuma madubi kusa-yana ƙara girma cikin girman, yana taimakawa dabbobi masu gudu kada su manta da juna.
Dabbobin Sika dabbobi ne masu kwanciyar hankali. Yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin su (ban da na maza a lokacin tafiyar) keɓaɓɓu ne. A matsayin kayan aikin kariya da kai hari, maza suna yin kaho ne da aka cire. A lokacin haila na karshen, maza, kamar mace, yi yaƙi da hakora ko gaban kafafu, isar da kaifi da kaifi naushe gaba da kaifi iyakar na hooves. Sika bareyi mai ban mamaki ne. Yawancin lokuta na ƙetare hanyoyin da suka fi girma na kilomita 10 don ƙaura daga yankin zuwa tsibirin ko kuma sanannun sanannu ne, kuma a lokaci guda ba kawai a cikin lokacin dumi ba, har ma a cikin hunturu.
Lokacin motsawa a cikin yankunan da aka mallaka, dilala yakan jingina ga wasu hanyoyi waɗanda akan tattake sawu. Ma'aikatan masana'antu sunyi amfani da wannan al'ada don shigar da shinge tare da rami masu farauta (Ludev), tarko da sauran tarkuna.
Sike yana ciyar da awoyi a lokacin hasken rana a cikin bishiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi. Ana buɗe murnar makiyaya da yamma, da sassafe ko da dare.
Sika barewa ciyar. A cikin yanayin halitta, dusar ƙanƙan take ke ciyar da tsire-tsire, suna farawa daga sedges kuma suna ƙare da ganye, harbe, haushi, har ma da kauri (har zuwa 1.5 cm) rassan bishiyoyi da dama. Haka kuma, abun da ya shafi ciyawar ya bambanta lokaci-lokaci. A cikin bazara, babban abincin shine ƙaramar saurayi, kazalika da hatsi iri-iri, mai laushi, Asteraceae, da sauran tsirrai na herbaceous. A lokacin rani, mafi so da abinci shine ganye da harbe-inaben inabi. Oak yana samar da tabo mai ɗaci da abinci ba kawai a cikin ganyayyaki da harbe ba, har ma acorns, wanda a cikin shekarun girbin arzikin kusan kusan abincin kaka ne. Daga cikin thean itacen dabbobin da aka fi so T. I. Ryabova (1935) sunaye ɗaya daga cikin jinsunan van kurangar ciyawa. A cikin hunturu, tushen abinci shine abinci na itace, kuma ban da shi wasu tsire-tsire na hunturu-kore. Daga cikin nau'in itacen, rassan karammiski, Manchurian irin goro da Aralia an fi cinye su a wannan lokacin, ba harbe-harbe kawai ba, har ma ana amfani da haushi a ƙarshen, wanda yakan haifar da mutuwar bishiyoyi.
Sika barewar kiwo
Lokacin jima'i (gon) a cikin kayan zaki yana gudana ne daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba. Matsayin tsutsa yana faruwa a watan Oktoba. A wannan lokacin, maza suna tattara tumbin mace a wurin kansu. An yi imanin cewa namiji ɗaya yayin lokacin jima'i na iya hadi da 5-7, lokaci-lokaci KADA '10 har ma fiye da mace. Ana kiyaye deer a wannan lokacin a cikin rukuni na burin 10-30 (ciki har da ƙananan dabbobi). Mata basa nuna alamun tashin hankali. Maza, a lokutan yau da kullun, suna da kwanciyar hankali, a lokacin kakar suna cike da farin ciki, hayaniya, tono ramuka a ƙasa suna ta birgima cikin laka. Tsakaninsu, kamar sauran barewa, ana yin faɗa a kan dabbobin, dabbobi kuma suna iya raunata juna da ƙaho. Akwai wasu lokuta sanannu idan abokan hamayya a yayin yaƙin sunkuru da ƙaho kuma suka mutu. Duk wanda aka ci nasara ko dai ya bar garken ne gaba ɗaya don neman sabon harem ko kuma ya nisanta da girmamawa daga mai nasara. A ƙarshen ƙarshen kullun, maza suna da bakin ciki. Mace ta rufe ta ga mace a lokaci-lokaci sau da yawa. Ba a san tsawon lokacin da cyclicality na estrus ba, amma dangane da hadi na maza a cikin estrus na farko, ana lura da ƙarshen akai-akai. Tsawancin ciki an kafa shi ta hanyar cikakkun abubuwan lura kuma ƙasa da ƙasa da 7% na watanni. Calving yana farawa daga ƙarshen Mayu kuma zai kasance har zuwa rabin Yuli. Amma a cikin yanayin kulawar shakatawa na kyauta, idan aka keta yanayin farko na rayuwa, wasu dabbobi na iya yin jinkirin farauta ta jima'i, kuma, a sakamakon haka, marigayi. A cikin waɗannan halayen, zuriya ba yawanci ba mai yiwuwa bane.
Watan farko na rayuwa, suna girma cikin sauri kuma suna ɗaukar nauyin 25-35 kg yana da shekaru shida. Molt na farko yana faruwa a lokaci guda kamar yadda a cikin mata manya. A cikin hunturu, girma yayi girma, amma barewa suna girma da girma har sai sun cika shekara biyu, sun kai kusan kashi tamanin cikin ɗari na girma a wannan lokacin. Matsakaicin nauyi, a cewar I. Mirolyubov, a cikin maza ana lura da shekaru 7-10 shekaru, a cikin mata yana da shekaru 4-6. Ragewar kwayoyin, yin hukunci da ƙimar ci gaban ƙaho, yana farawa tun yana ɗan shekara 12. Iyakar shekarun da dila zata iya rayuwa a cikin yanayin shakatawa na raba-wuri kyauta shine shekaru 20-25. Akwai lokuta idan mace a cikin masu gandun daji ta haihu shekarun 18-20.
Antler reindeer husbandry
Babban hauhawar farashin tashin hankali da raguwar saurin kuzarin dajin ya haifar da sabon reshe na aikin dabbobin - ƙazantar da gidan gona.
Zinare yakan zama mai cikakke ne kawai lokacin da aka karɓi mahaifiyarsa tun farkon rayuwarsa kuma ya tashi cikin ma'amala kai tsaye da mutum. Amma har ma a wannan yanayin, barewar galibi ba ta ba shi damar yin amfani da manipulations da dama, kamar gwaje-gwaje na dabbobi ko na dabbobi, da na maza, har ma da mafi shahara da ƙauna a wasu lokutan, yayin lokacin jima'i ya zama mai saurin rikicewa da haɗari ga ma'aikatan kulawa. A karkashin yanayin da suka saba rabin-free abun ciki, sakamakon domestication a cikin hali na deer ana nuna kawai a cikin gaskiyar cewa a lokacin hunturu ciyar, deer daina gudu daji, zo ga feeders a gaban shi, kuma wasu dabbobi har ma dauki abinci daga hannun mutanen da suke kula da su.
Antler reindeer husbandry a Primorye ya tashi a ƙarshen 60s na ƙarni na ƙarshe akan asalin kamun kifi a cikin taiga tare da taimakon mazan daji da yawan wuce gona da iri a cikin shingen har sai antlers sun haɗu, yanka. Waɗanda suka fara yin wannan aikin mazinaci ne baƙi na Rasha, waɗanda, tare da mazajen, suka fara ɗaukar matan da aka kama, tare da niyya da haɓaka zuriya. Kusan lokaci guda, an buɗe damar, maimakon yanka maza, don saka (yanke) gyada daga barewa mai rai, wanda ke tabbatar da samar da samfurori na shekara-shekara na kayan dabbobi daga dabbobi guda kuma yana ƙaruwa da fa'idodin rijiyoyin reindeer. Sawn santimita 1.5-2 mafi girma daga kambi na shekara ta gaba, wani lokacin kuma a wannan shekara, sake girma. Yanzu an tabbatar da shi cewa yankewar shekara ta baƙi ba ta kowace hanya da mummunar cutar ba ko dai dabbar da kanta ko girmanta da kuma darajar kwalliyar da ke girma cikin shekaru masu zuwa.
Tare da waɗannan makiyaya masu shiga cikin gida, wanda aka ciyar da dabbobin dabbobin a duk shekara kuma an hana su motsa jiki, ya kamata tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na ƙarshe manyan wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da ke da irin nau'ikan masu ba da izini waɗanda suka fara kasuwancin.A cikin waɗannan gonakin, an adana silan a manyan wuraren da ke da shinge - wuraren shakatawa, inda suke amfani da makiyaya a duk shekara. Sai kawai a cikin masu tsananin sanyi ko tare da iyakantaccen yanki da kuma ƙarancin abinci na dabba shine aka ciyar da dabbar. Deer ya kasance kusan daji kamar yadda suke a waje, kuma tattalin arzikin ya dogara ne da harbin maza don samun kwalliyar gaban. An kiyaye mace tare da maza a cikin wuraren shakatawa da maza na cikin gida, ba a aiwatar da kiwo irin na maza, a akasin wannan, harbi mafi kyawun maza galibi ana yin sa ne saboda dalilan tsadar hauhawar balaguro. Sakamakon haka, an sami lalacewar barewa, wanda aka bayyana a cikin rage nauyi, rashi cikin inganci da girman tururuwa.
Husbandarfin mai farin ciki ya sami ci gaba mai zurfi da kuma matsayin da ya sha bamban sosai a zamanin Soviet. Kasarmu ita ce kadai a duniya inda aka bunkasa wannan masana'antar ta dabbobi. Ragowar samfurin zirin daji an ɗauke shi da tsananin kariya. An haramta farauta har tsawon shekara.