(Asio flameus) yana da tsawon tsawon 34-42 cm, tare da fikafitika na 85-1100, tsayin fikafiti mai lamba 28-34, nauyi 320-430 g. Mace sun fi maza girma. Kunnuwa masu gajeru. Dukansu benayen fentin iri ɗaya ne. A cikin tsuntsaye manya, gefen baya yana da kyau ko ja tare da launin shuɗi mai haske, ƙwallo mai tashi da kwalkwali tare da tsarin launin ruwan kasa. Gefen ventral yana da laushi, jan launi ko fira mai launin fari tare da aibobi masu launin fari. Bakan gizo rawaya ce, baki da baki a baki ne. Mujiya mai narkewa ta yaɗu a Turai daga tundra zuwa Bahar Rum, a Arewacin Asiya daga tundra a arewa zuwa gabas zuwa Kamchatka, Sakhalin, kudu zuwa Palestine, Iraq, Asiya ta tsakiya da Mongolia, a Amurka daga arewacin Alaska da Kogin Mackenzie zuwa tsibiran Caribbean, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, an samo su ne a cikin tsibirin Galapagos, Carolina da Hawaiian. A cikin sassan arewacin yankin da ake rarraba rarraba, naman mujiya mai ƙaura ƙaura ne; a sauran, ƙauyen tsuntsaye ne da ke yawo. Mazauna bude sarari, tundra, shimfidar wuri na al'ada, steppes. Yana zaune a cikin filayen, amma a wasu wuraren (Altai, Caucasus) ya hau zuwa tsawo na 2300 m. Lokacin kiwo ya bambanta da latin yankin. A Rasha, kwanciya da kwan kwai a kudu yana faruwa ne a tsakiyar watan Afrilu, a Siberiya - a farkon Mayu har ma daga baya. Mujiya mai ciyawa, ba kamar sauran mujiya ba, yana gina nasa gida mai sauki, wanda yake a ƙasa. Yawan qwai a cikin kama ya sha bamban sosai, a bayyane yake, ya danganta da yanayin ciyarwa. Clutch yawanci yana da ƙwai 3-5, amma a cikin '' linzamin kwamfuta '' adadinsu yana ƙaruwa zuwa 7 har ma da 10. A cikin shekarun "girbi" na mice, akwai rikice-rikice na biyu, har a ƙarshen kaka da damuna. Mace suna yin incubates, sun fara ne da kwanciya da kwan farko, don haka kajin a cikin tsararraki sunada shekaru daban-daban. Tsawon lokacin shiryawa shine kwanaki 24-30. Nestlings sun fito daga gida kamar ba su tashi ba, amma yayin da suka kai wata guda sai suka zama fikafikan. Mujiya mai tsananin ciyawa shine yake ciyar da jijiyoyi, ragowar abincin - tsuntsaye, kwari - suna da mahimmanci a sashin abincinsa. Mujiya mai tsayi ba tsananin tsuntsu ba ne, yana aiki da rana.
CAVI OWL (Speotyto cunicularia) yana da kusanci da mujiya gida. Ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Kudancin Arewacin Amurka da kuma Kudancin Amurka.Ya da dogo mai yatsu da yatsu, fuka-fuki mai fadi, gajeriyar wutsiya. Matsayin duka tsayin jiki yakai cm 20. Kuma yayi daidai da launi zuwa mujiya ta al'ada, amma yana da yanayin juji a ciki da gewaye. Yana zaune a cikin filayen da kuma cikin tsaunika, a cikin Andes har zuwa girman 4000 m. Yana rike da wuraren buɗewa. Yana yin sheka a cikin ramuka ta dabi'a ko kuma wasu dabbobi suka haƙa, wani lokacin ma ita kanta tana tono ramuka. A cikin 6-9, wani lokacin har zuwa qwai 11. Duk iyaye sun saka su don kwanaki 28-29. Kogunan kogon cave suna ciyar da kwari sosai, amma kuma akan ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa - rodents da kwari, ƙananan amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe da ƙananan tsuntsaye. Mai aiki da rana. Adadin mujiya na kogon kogo saboda yawan wuraren da ake kera su don masu farauta da 'yan adam an rage raguwa da su. Limarfafa mongooses a cikin West Indies ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa tuni a ƙarshen karni na karshe, kuliyoyin kogon sun ɓace: akan wasu tsibirai (Maria Galante, Antigua, Nevis, Kitte).
MALAMIN OWL NORTH
NORTH NEEDLE OWL (Ninox scutulata) shine kawai wakilin wannan rukunin da ke zaune a cikin Rasha. Tsawanta duka shine 30-33 cm, tare da fikafikanti na 75-80 cm da tsawon fika 23-25 cm launi daban-daban na maza da mata a gefen ƙashi shine launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi tare da fararen fata mara zurfi a kan kafadu. Fuskokin gashin tsuntsaye masu launin ruwan kasa masu duhu tare da tsarin jujjuyawar haske, masu sarrafa kansu launin ruwan kasa tare da ratsi masu launin baƙar fata. Gashinan marassa launin ruwan kasa masu launin shuɗi tare da gefan fuka-fukai, farin farantin launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Bakan gizo rawaya ce, baki mai duhu launin ruwan kasa, kafafu sune rawaya da baki. An rufe yatsunsu da murhun hannu. Lafin gaggafa-mikiya na arewa yana zaune a Kudu da Gabashin Asiya daga Indiya da Ceylon zuwa Japan, Primorye, Indochina, Indonesia, a cikin Rasha yana zaune a Primorye, yana isa Kogin Khungari a arewa da Khabarovsk a yamma. Tana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka masu dumbin yawa da katako mai zurfi, da wuraren da ke cike da kogi, cike da wuraren buɗe wurare, musamman tare da yanayin shimfidar al'adu. A Japan, Russia, Manchuria, Korea - tsuntsu mai ƙaura, a wasu sassan yankin kiwo. A Rasha, ba'a yi nazarin salon rayuwar wannan mujiya ba. Kamar yadda aka lura da ƙwayoyin abincin abincinta - beetles (ruwa na ɓoyayyen kwari, ƙwanƙwasa ƙasa, gwoza dung).
WALKING OWL (Sceloglaux albifacies) yana zaune a kudu na Kudancin Tsibiri na New Zealand a cikin tsaunuka. Zuwa wani dan lokaci, ya kusanci asalin halittar owls (Athene). Tana da tsawon 35-38 cm. Babban launi yana da launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da alamomin launin ruwan kasa masu yawa, tare da fikafikan fuka-fuki da wutsiya. Disc na gaba yana fari da kananan layin launin ruwan kasa. Tarsus yayi hoton, yatsun da aka lullube da bristles. Wannan tsuntsu yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan fitattun nau'ikan fauna na New Zealand. Turawan mulkin mallaka na Turai waɗanda suka kawo kuliyoyi da beraye tare da su sun kawo mujiya kusan ƙarewa.
OWL HAWK (Surnia ulula) wani nau'in keɓewa ne na wasu owls. Yana da matsakaici a girman, yana da kananan kananan kai, mara girman fuska, diski kadan idanu, dogayen fika, dogon fika, dogayen yatsun, yatsun kafa da yatsunsu. Jimlar tsawon mujiya ta fari itace 35-40 cm, tare da fikafikanti na 70-80 cm, tsawon reshe shine 22-25 cm, nauyin kuma shine 250-370 g. Mace sun fi maza girma. Janar canza launi na maza da mata a ɓangaren dorsal na cakulan launin ruwan fata tare da fararen fata musamman ci gaba a kan kambi na kai, wuya da kafada, tashi da wutsiya mai duhu launin fata tare da yanayin madaidaiciyar launin fata, gefen ventral yana da fari tare da raunin launin fata mai launin fata-baki-lokaci. Bakan gizo rawaya ce, baki mai launin shuɗi-baki, maƙallan baƙi ne. Cikakkiyar juzuciya musamman halayyar taguwa ta Arewacin Amurka, Turai da Asiya. A arewa, iyakarta ta kai iyakar daji, a kudu, har zuwa tsakiyar Scandinavia, tsakiyar sassan Turai na Rasha, iyakar kudu na taiga a Siberiya - Tyumen da Altai. Hakanan ana samun kuji na fata a Tarbagatay, cikin Tien Shan, Mongolia ta Arewa, Manchuria, a Primorye da kuma a Sakhalin. Tsarin tsuntsaye na Sedentary da ke hade tare da rarrabe tare da tsire-tsire mai narkewa, galibi coniferous. Koyaya, a wasu lokuta mujiya mai sharar daji tana yin ƙaura ta al'ada, tana fitowa daga kudu zuwa inda ake zaune, ana ganin ƙarin ƙaura na yau da kullun a cikin ƙwayoyin Siberian. Tsuntsayen talakawa, amma yawansa ya bambanta a shekara, akasari ya dogara da "amfanin gona" ko "gazawar amfanin gona" na abinci - kamar ƙwanƙwasa masu-kamannu. Yawan ƙwayoyin tsoka ya ƙayyade biyun girma da kuma girman girman shaho. Yana da nests, yafi kan bishiyoyi tare da fashe fi, wani lokacin a cikin hollows (Aspen) ko a cikin tsohon tsuntsu nests (hankaka, raptors). Kwanciya kwai mafi yawa yakan faru ne a watan Afrilu. Clutch mafi yawanci yana dauke da fararen kwai 3-4, amma a cikin shekaru "linzamin kwamfuta" ya fi yawa - daga 7, 9, har ma '10, a lokuta na musamman daga qwai 13. Mace tana sanya incubates, farawa daga kwanciya da kwai na farko, wani lokacin tare da wasu halayen maza. Ba a kafa tsawon lokacin aikin shiryayye ba, mai yiwuwa kimanin makonni 4. Ana amfani da kajin na yara yawanci a cikin rabin na biyu na Yuni, kuma wasu matasa masu tashi sama - a ranakun daban daban a watan Yuli. Abincin mujiya mai naman alade shine farkon rodents (lemmings da sauran voles). Mujiya kuma kan yi wa tsuntsayen fyaɗe - a kan fararen gado da kantuna da yawa. Mujiya tsuntsu rana ce ta tsuntsu, tana farauta da rana, musamman da sassafe ko da yamma.
WHITE OWL (Nyctea scandiaca) babban tsuntsu ne: jimlar tsayin 56-55 cm, fikafikai 150-160 cm, tsayin fika 38.5-65 cm, nauyi 1350-255 g. Mace sun fi maza girma a girma. Tsuntsayen manya a cikin manyan fararen launi tare da ruwan kwalliyar launin ruwan kasa masu launuka daban-daban ko kuma tare da raunin launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Maza yawanci suna fi sauƙi fiye da mace, wani lokacin fari gaba ɗaya. Bakan gizo mai haske mai launin shuɗi, baki kusa da gashinsa mai kama da bakin gashi suna fuskantar gaba, baƙi, baki mai kauri. A cikin kayan farko na shekara-shekara, waɗannan kuliyoyi suna da fari tare da tsarin launin fata mai launin ruwan kasa tare da ɗigon launin ruwan kasa a bayan kai. Fuka-fukan bera suna da faɗi sosai kuma halayyar Arctic da Subarctic. Sun zauna a tsibiran teku, bakin teku da tundra na ƙasa. Waɗannan an raba su kaɗan, amma galibin tsuntsayen mazauna. Nomads ba na yau da kullun bane kuma sun dogara da yanayin gida - murfin dusar ƙanƙara, wadatar abinci da ƙari, da sauransu. Wasu lokuta ƙaura daga ƙauyuka suna ɗaukar matakai masu yawa kuma suna mamaye manyan wurare. Nomadic owls ana samunsu a cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na yanayin zafi na arewacin hemisphere - gandun daji, steppe, har ma da wuraren al'adu. Nomads yawanci fara a watan Oktoba. A hunturu tsuntsaye kasance har sai game da Afrilu. Farar fata mujiya a arewa ita ce tsuntsu talakawa, amma wadatarta sun bambanta daga shekara zuwa shekara gwargwadon yanayin abinci, da farko kan yawan (“girbi”) na lemmings. Lokacin da akwai 'yan lemmings, yawan mujiyoyi na raguwa (yawanci shekara bayan lemmings ya mutu), kuma in babu lemmings, mujiyoyi ba su da shewa kwata-kwata. Gidajen nana suna a cikin babban tundra da ƙarami, fifiko yana da girma da kuma wuraren bushewa, yayin da mujiya za ta fara sa ƙwai lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara take. A zahiri, farin mujiya ba sa yin sheƙarsu; a mazaunin su wani rami ne inda ake sa ƙwai. Kwanciya ƙwai yana faruwa dangane da latti na ƙasa a tsakiyar - ƙarshen Mayu. Yawan ƙwai na yau da kullun a cikin kama shine 5-8, a cikin wadataccen yanayin ciyarwa ya ƙasa da 3-4, kuma, a wataƙila, cikin mafi kyau shekaru zuwa 11 har ma 13. Hatching yana farawa daga kwai na farko, saboda haka kajin suna da shekaru daban-daban kuma yawanci ƙananan ba sa tsira. Mace tana sanya abin maye tsawon kwanaki 32-34, namiji yakan kwashe ta, sa’annan kuma ɗan tsintsiya zai ci. Chickks suna bayyana a ƙarshen Yuni (tsofaffi) - farkon Yuli (ƙarami). Cikakkun owls na zama kwanaki 51-57 a kafaɗa. Abincin farin mujiya ya ƙunshi galibin mouseafe irin na linzami, kuma da farko Yaren mutanen Norway, Ob da kewaye lemmings. Kamar yadda aka nuna a sama, “amfanin gona” da “kasawar amfanin gona” na lemmings suna tantance hanyar babban abubuwan yanayi a rayuwar farin owls - kiwo, yawo, rarrabawa a kan lokaci, da dai sauransu. Owls ma suna ciyar da voles daban-daban, ciyawar ƙasa, a lokacin ciyar da kajin da tsuntsaye. , akasarinsu matasa ne, kamar su huduba, wayoyi, gulls, eider, harda masu wuce gona da iri (Lapland plantain). A cikin lokacin kiwo, abincin farin owls ya bambanta: hares, pikas, ƙananan carnivores (ermine), da kuma tsuntsaye masu matsakaici (kaji, ducks). Yayin farauta, farin mujiya yana zaune a ƙasa, zai fi dacewa akan wani haɓaka, yana lura da abin da yake gabatowa, ya kwashe kuma ya kama shi. Wani lokacin yakan yi farauta a kan tashi, da rawar jiki a lokaci guda a wuri guda a cikin iska, kamar kestrel. Da fari mujiya, hakika, ba tsuntsu bace ba, amma yakan yi farauta ne da sanyin safiya ko da yamma.
BARBAR OWN (Strix nebulosa) ita ce mafi girma a cikin dukkan mujiya-mujiya da aka samo a Rasha (kuma babban mujiya a gaba ɗaya). Wannan tsuntsu mai tsayi ne mai dogayen tsayi, tsawonsa shine 63-66 cm, fuka-fukai 130-1140, tsayin fika 41-48, nauyi 700-1200 g. Mace, kamar yadda aka saba da mujiya, sun fi maza girma. Doangaren dorsal na manya mata da maza yana da launin toka-mai-haske tare da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya kuma mai rikicewa, buffy-whitish da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, haske na yau da kullun da duhu mai banƙyama a kan kambi na kai, ƙugiya, baya na wuya, tashi mai duhu-launin ruwan kasa tare da ƙarancin juzu'i mai juzu'i a babban ɓangaren gashin fuka-fukai, fuka-fuki mai ruwan duhu mai duhu wanda yake birgima yanayin rashin daidaituwa, diski na gaba yana da launin toka tare da ratsin baƙar fata da kuma tabo na baki a ido, tare da makogwaron akwai wata madaidaiciya madaidaiciya. Yankakken hancin ya fito karara tare da laushi mai laushi kwalliya da ƙananan digiri mai haske. Bakan gizo mai launin rawaya mai haske, gewar launin rawaya, maƙallan launin ruwan kasa masu launin ruwan kasa. Bird of gandun daji coniferous na gabas da yamma hemispheres. A Arewacin Amurka, ana rarraba shi daga tsakiyar yankin Alaska, Mackenzie, Quebec, kudu zuwa arewa na British Columbia, lardunan Alberta da Manitoba, Ontario, tsaunin Sierra Nevada, Idaho, jihar Montana da California, a Turai - a arewacin Scandinavia. A cikin tsohuwar USSR, ana rarraba shi daga arewacin karkarar taiga, kudu zuwa Lithuania, Belarus, yankin Yaroslavl, Tsakiyar Urals, da Siberia zuwa kudu zuwa Tyumen, Tara, Altai, Transbaikalia, Amur, Sakhalin. A cikin Asiya, wanda aka samo a tsaunukan arewacin sassan Mongolia. Tsarin tsuntsaye na Sedentary da nomadic, ƙaura suna haɗuwa da yanayin abinci mara kyau. Mujiya mujiya tana amfani da tsohuwar shudin sauran tsuntsaye, wataƙila tana gina ɗakin kanta, mafi yawan lokuta a saman bishiyun gutsuttsuran, tsayi daga ƙasa. An lura da Masonry a tsakiyar Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu. Yawan ƙwai a cikin kama shine 3-5, sau da yawa sau 4, wani lokacin ɗaya, wanda ya dogara da "yawan amfanin ƙasa" na babban abincin. Don haka, akwai wasu shekaru da berayen beyu basa fara kiwo kwata-kwata. A bayyane yake, kawai mace incubates, shiryawa fara bayan kwanciya na farko da kwai. Lokacin shiryawa shine kusan wata daya. Kayan kaji sun fara tashi yana da kimanin kwana 35. Broods suna zama tare da iyaye duk sun faɗi. Abincin mujiya na mujiya yana kunshe da ƙwaƙwalwa (a cikin Scandinavia, musamman lemmings), ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kuma tsuntsaye masu matsakaici (hazel grouse da kuksh suna nuna ga gabashin Siberia). Yana farautar mujiya mai gemu a lokacin farauta a lokutan hasken rana.
KYAUTA AXLONES (Aegolius funereus) ana saninsa da babban kai da faffada tare da kunnuwa feather, a rarrabe da asymmetrical (saboda tsarin kunnuwa) diski na fuska, da ƙarancin idanu, rauni na baki, dogaye da fadi, gajeriyar wutsiya, kafafu densely propped har zuwa claws (a cikin dangi na Kudancin ɗan mujiya na ɗanyar mayl, yatsun arean rabi kuma basu da gashin). Jimlar tsawon 21-7 cm, reshe tsawon 15-19 cm, nauyi 120-190 g. Mace sun fi girma fiye da maza. Launi mai launin toka-mai launin ruwan hoda tare da fararen fata mai gudana wanda ke haifar da juzu'i mai ban sha'awa a cikin jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu da mataimaki, babban farin streaks a bayan kai, wuya da kafadu, gefen ventral fari fari tare da tsarin launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Bakan gizo, rawaya mai launin rawaya, baki mai haske. Mujiya mai daskarewa ta mamaye tsaunuka da tsaunukan daji na Turai, Asiya, da Arewacin Amurka. A Rasha, daga Kola Peninsula da Yankin Kaliningrad a yamma zuwa Anadyr, Kamchatka, tsibirin Kuril, Sakhalin, Primorye a gabas. An samo shi a cikin Carpathians, a cikin Caucasus, a tsaunukan tsakiyar Asiya, a cikin Alps, Pyrenees, a cikin Balkans, a arewacin Mongolia, a yammacin China, a Arewacin Amurka - a British Columbia, Kanada, a cikin arewacin yankunan Amurka. Sedentary, jera mai nomadic tsuntsaye. A arewa suna jagorantar rayuwar yau da kullun, a kudu rayayyun dare. A cikin yankin Turai na Rasha, cukular mujiya ta farfaɓi tana faruwa a rabin na biyu na Afrilu, daga baya kuma a Siberiya. A cikin kama 4-6, wani lokacin ƙarin qwai fari. Matar incubates na kwanaki 25-11. Lokacin nesting shine kimanin kwanaki 30. Gidaje a cikin rami Jikunan hatsi masu dausayi suna ciyar da dabbobi ne ƙanana-masu kaman linzamin kwamfuta, kwari, har ma da ƙananan mashigai.
Tawny (Strix aluco) Tawny - tsuntsayen matsakaici da manyan (don mujiyoyi) girma, jimlar tsayi daga 30 zuwa 70 cm, launin toka ko launin ruwan hoda tare da launi daban-daban, wasu nau'ikan suna da dimbin yawa a launi. Shugaban mujiya mai girma da girma, ba tare da kunnuwan fuka-fuka ba, tare da babban beak wanda aka matsa, gaban diski ya cika. Kunnuwa suna da asymmetrical, idanu tare da iris launin ruwan kasa (ban da gemun bekwara). Claws suna da tsayi, kaifi, mai tsinke. Plwaya tana da laushi kuma mara nauyi, fuka-fukan suna da fadi da kuma zagaye, wutsiya tana da tsayi tsaka-tsaki tare da kara zagaye-zagaye. Featan ƙafafun da aka haɗu da maƙalar (tare da wasu keɓantattun abubuwa). Tsuntsayen daji, yawanci ba dare ba rana. Suna ciyar da ganima da aka kama a ƙasa, tushen abinci shine rodents, kuma ƙananan tsuntsaye masu matsakaitan matsakaitan abubuwa, tsuntsayen dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu tsinkaye (mollus, tsutsotsi, arthropods) kuma ana kama su. Sun yi sheka a cikin ramuka ko cikin tsohon sheƙai, lokaci-lokaci a cikin ɓarna ko makoki na duwatsu. Clutches a cikin nau'in kudanci daga 1-3, a cikin tsuntsaye masu matsakaici daga 2-4, da wuya mafi yawa, farin ƙwai. Mace na yin ciki har tsawon kwanaki 28-30, fara daga kwanciya da kwan farko.Lokacin da ya kai makonni 5-6, kajin sun zama fuka-fuki, amma duk farkon kakarsu suna zama tare da iyayensu. Owls tsuntsaye ne, amma a arewacin bangarorin rarraba suna motsawa zuwa kudu, musamman idan yanayin yanayi (murfin dusar ƙanƙara, sanyi) ke wahalar dasu samun abinci. A cikin fauna ta tsohuwar Soviet Union, mujiya tana da wakilcin nau'ikan uku. Mujiya Eurasi (S. aluco) tsuntsu ne mai matsakaici: jimlar tsawon 40-45 cm, fuka-fukai 90-55, reshe tsawon 23-34, nauyi 450-675 g. Mace ta fi girma fiye da namiji, dukkan jinsi suna da launi iri ɗaya. A cikin tsuntsaye manya, nau'ikan biyu (bambancin) launi suna launin toka da ja, rarrabuwar wacce har zuwa wani ɗan ma tana da alaƙa da rarraba ƙasa. Babban sautin launin fata na fuskokin tsuntsaye mai launin toka yana da launin toka tare da alamomi mai ma'ana, amon murfin waje da manyan fuka-fukai tare da manyan farar fata, tashi-mai-launin toka-kuli tare da kyakykyawar yanayin haske, wutsiya launin toka tare da raɗaɗɗar fuskoki da ƙaramin duhu mai launin shuɗi. Gefen ventral yana da kyau tare da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi-mai launin toka mai launi mara nauyi da ratsi mai ratsa jiki. A cikin tsuntsaye masu launin ja, launin gaba ɗaya na gefen baya daga baya ya zama ja, ya yi daidai. Akwai wasu matsakaici tsakanin nau'ikan launuka iri biyu da aka bayyana, kuma lokaci-lokaci (muna da yawancin a cikin Caucasus) akwai ruwan mujiya mai launin ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda. Bakan gizo duhu launin ruwan kasa, baki mai launin shuɗi, maƙallan baƙi. Mujiya na gama gari a cikin rarraba shi yana da alaƙa da ciyayi. Tana zaune a cikin gandun daji (taiga ta kudu, wani yanki mai hade da dazuzzuka) kuma baya ƙin nisantar da al'adun gargajiyar (lambuna, wuraren shakatawa). A arewa, galibi tsuntsu ne mai lebur, a kudu na yankin rarrabawa (Caucasus, Asiya ta Tsakiya, da dai sauransu) Hakanan yana faruwa a cikin tsaunuka. Sedentary ko na yau da kullum yawo tsuntsu. A Rasha, an rarraba mujiya ta yau da kullun daga yankin Leningrad, sassan kudu na yankin Vologda, yankin Kirov kudu zuwa Crimea da Transcaucasia, a sassan kudu na Yammacin Siberiya daga Tyumen da Tobolsk a arewa, a tsaunukan tsakiyar Asiya. A wajen USSR, ya yadu sosai a Turai, in banda arewa, yamma zuwa Ireland da Burtaniya mai nisa, kudu zuwa Rum, Gabas da Tsakiyar Asiya, gabas zuwa China, kudu zuwa Pakistan da Himalayas, a Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka zuwa hamadar Sahara . Mujiya ta gama gari a cikin yanki shi ne tsuntsu na yau da kullun, adadin da ke ƙaruwa bayan wadatacce (a cikin “madubi”) yana ciyar da shekaru kuma yana raguwa bayan shekaru tare da yanayin ciyarwa mara kyau. Duk da cewa mujiya ita ma tsuntsu ce, amma a cikin shekaru masu rauni ana tilastawa yin ƙaura. Jumlar ruwan daji gama-gari gama-gari, farkawar bazara a cikin halayen mujiya an riga an lura da shi a ƙarshen Fabrairu - a watan Maris. Yakan yi sheka a cikin rami, wani lokacin ma yakan mamaye wasu gidajen wasu mutane (hankaka, tsuntsayen ganima), wani lokacin kuma yana da gida a gine-gine. Qwai ne aka dage farawa a farkon Afrilu. Yawanci, akwai fararen fata 2-2 a cikin kama, amma a cikin shekarun ciyarwa da ƙari - a cikin yankin Tula, alal misali, 7 ko har 8 qwai. Kiyayya yana farawa da kwanciya da kwan farko, kajin a cikin brood kenan
Kakakin
p, blockquote 6.0,0,0,0,0 ->
Godiya ga girki, ba a gan shi akan bishiyoyi da rana. Launi daga launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa da ja. A baya yana tare da fararen fari, ruwan wukake na wucin gadi suna da launin toka-fari, wuyan yana da farin abin wuya, wutsiya mai launin toka ne, mai dauke da launuka masu duhu da baki, tare da fararen hular 4-5. A kan kai, ana iya ganin katako biyu na launin toka-launin ruwan kasa a gefan kambi. Idanun suna rawaya, beak mai launin shuɗi-baki. Lambobi da ƙafafu masu launin ruwan kasa zuwa ruwan kasa mai ruwan hoda.
p, blockquote 7,0,0,0,0 ->
Majiya
p, blockquote 8,0,0,0,0 ->
Tsuntsayen suna da duhu sama mai launin fari, mai launin ƙasa mai launin shuɗi-baki. Shugaban da wuyan sama sunyi duhu, kusan baki ne. Yawancin fararen fata tare da gefuna baƙi suna rufe baya, suna shimfiɗa zuwa gaban kambi. Baƙan kafadu suna fari da shuɗi mai duhu. Babu kunshin kunne a kai. Beak launin kore ne mai launin shuɗi. Idanu sunyi duhu.
p, blockquote 9,0,1,0,0 ->
Uwar mujiya
p, blockquote 10,0,0,0,0 ->
Yana da:
p, blockquote 11,0,0,0,0 ->
- ganga-dimbin yawa jiki
- manyan idanu
- earwaren kunshe-kunn kunne ba a tashi tsaye ba.
Manya na sama zuwa launin baki da fata tan, farin makogwaro. Duhu mai duhu a baya. A baya da tarnaƙi na wuya akwai rayayyun tsarin, m abubuwa a kai. Fuskokin launin farar fata mai launin farar ƙasa ne aka haɗa shi da aibobi launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa. Wutsiyar baƙar fata ce-baƙi. Beak da claws baƙi ne. Allumai da yatsunsu suna cikakke fuka-fukan. Launin ido daga launi mai haske zuwa rawaya mai haske (dangane da ragi).
p, blockquote 12,0,0,0,0 ->
Hayar polar
p, blockquote 13,0,0,0,0 ->
Shugaban babban mujiya yayi zagaye sosai kuma ba tare da kunnuwa na kunne ba. Jiki yana sanye da fuka-fukansa mai yawa a jikinsa. Tsuntsaye masu fararen fata suna da farar fata ko launin ruwan kasa a jikinsu da fikafikan su. A kan mata, aibobi suna da yawan gaske. Maza suna zama paler da farar fata tare da shekaru. Idanun suna rawaya.
p, blockquote 14,0,0,0,0 ->
Babbar mujiya
p, blockquote 15,0,0,0,0 ->
Tana da fararen diski na farar fuska a kamannin zuciya da farin kirji tare da kananan launin ruwan kasa. A baya na dawn tare da baki da fari aibobi. Maza da mata suna da launuka iri ɗaya, amma mace sun fi girma, duhu kuma an sa ido sosai.
p, blockquote 16,0,0,0,0 ->
Kifin kifi
p, blockquote 17,0,0,0,0 - ->
Jiki na sama yana tan tare da duhu duhu da kuma jijiyoyi. Kwakwalwa fari ne. Twal na jikin kodadde ruwan hoda mai shuɗi tare da ratsi mai duhu. Hips da fender suna da haske ja. Faifan gaba baya tsayawa waje, tan. Kai da kan gado tare da dogon gashin fuka-fukai, suna ba da fuska mai yatsa. Babu kunshin kunne. Idanu sunyi duhu. Ofarshen ƙafafun ya zama baƙaƙe kuma bambaro mai launin shuɗi a cikin launi, a kan soles na spicules, waɗanda ke taimaka wa ansu riƙe kifin.
p, blockquote 18,1,0,0,0 ->
Mujiya mai tsayi
p, blockquote 19,0,0,0,0 ->
Tsawon fikafikan da yake zagaye ya zagaye ta baya lokacin da tsuntsu ya zauna. Launin Jiki yana launin ruwan kasa da launin toka mai launin toka. Leasashe masu haske a kan faifan fuskokin suna kama da girare, fararen tabo yana ƙarƙashin bakin baki, idanu suna orange ko rawaya, paws da yatsunsu an rufe su da gashin fuka-fukai. Dogaye, baƙar fata mai launin baƙi suna kama da kunnuwa, amma kawai gashinsa ne.
p, blockquote 20,0,0,0,0 ->
Hawk
p, blockquote 21,0,0,0,0 ->
Tsuntsayen da ke da ɗanyar ciyawa yakan zama kamar shaho, amma yana kama da mujiya. Jiki mara kyau, idanu rawaya da zagaye gaban diski, wanda mahallin duhu ya lullube shi, ya cika mujiya. Koyaya, dogayen wutsiya da al'ada ta hawan bishiyoyi da farauta a cikin hasken rana suna kama da hazo.
p, blockquote 22,0,0,0,0 ->
Mujiya!
p, blockquote 23,0,0,0,0 ->
Disc ɗin gaban yana launin ruwan kasa mai raɗaɗi da yawa tare da raɗaɗɗan rabewa mai haske. Idanun suna da rawaya mai haske tare da kunkuntar duhu yanki a kusa da su. Kakin zuma mai launin toka-ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, baki mai haske-baki tare da farin wuta. Akwai farin tabo a goshin. Crown da nape cakulan launin ruwan kasa, tare da hazo mai yalwar ocher.
p, blockquote 24,0,0,0,0 ->
A baya, alkyabbar fuka-fuki da fuka-fuki suna da launin ruwan ƙasa mai haske. Wutsiyar tana da tsawo, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da farin haske, tare daɗaɗɗen launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Etan ƙafafun kafaɗun, yatsun bristly ko bare, launin shuɗi.
p, blockquote 25,0,0,0,0 ->
Swamp mujiya
p, blockquote 26,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 27,0,0,1,0 ->
Ba a bayyana diski na gaba ba. A wutsiya duhu launin ruwan kasa tare da dama kara ko kodadde raffy ratsi. Fan yatsa suna da launin toka-baki, mai tsanin gaske, kamanninsu suna da duhu-fuskoki tare da nasihun baƙi.
p, blockquote 28,0,0,0,0 ->
Sparrow owl
p, blockquote 29,0,0,0,0 ->
Faffy facial disiki mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da layin duhu mai duhu da yawa. Fatar ido, fararen idanu. Grey kakin zuma, baki mai launin shuɗi-jaraba.
p, blockquote 30,0,0,0,0 ->
Babban sashin jiki shine launin ruwan cakulan mai duhu ko launin toka-mai-launin toka, a saman kai akwai mayuka mai laushi mai laushi, baya da alkyabba da ƙaramin digo na fata a kusa da ƙarshen gashinsa. A bayan kai idanu ne na karya (fuskokin occipital), sun haɗa da manyan wuraren baƙi biyu da ke kewaye da da'irori masu kyau.
p, blockquote 31,0,0,0,0 ->
Kwakwalwa da ƙananan jikinsu sunyi kyau, launin ruwan kasa a bangarorin kirji, launin ruwan kasa yana gudana daga makogwaro har zuwa cikin ciki. A paws da tushe na yatsunsu masu launin shuɗi ne fari ko launin shuɗi. Yi masa tambayoyi tare da shawarwarin baƙi.
p, blockquote 32,0,0,0,0 ->
Boreal mujiya
p, blockquote 33,0,0,0,0 ->
Mujiya mai fa'ida na faifan fuska mai fa'ida wanda ke kewaye da duhu mai duhu tare da ƙananan farin aibobi. Wani karamin sashi mai duhu tsakanin idanu da gindin baki. Idanu sun kasance launin shuɗi zuwa launin rawaya mai haske. Da kakin zuma da beak suna launin rawaya.
p, blockquote 34,0,0,0,0 ->
Gidan mujiya
p, blockquote 35,0,0,0,0 -> p, blockquote 36,0,0,0,1 ->
Disc ɗin gaban yana da tabbatacce, launin toka-mai launin ruwan wuta tare da haske da fatar ido. Idanu daga launin toka-rawaya zuwa kodadde launin shuɗi, kakin zaitun mai launin toka, baki daga launin toka-kore zuwa launin toka-mai toɗi. Goshi da kambi tare da jijiyoyi da aibobi. Jiki na sama shine launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, tare da yawancin aibobi. A wutsiya duhu launin ruwan kasa tare da dama kara ko kodadde raffy ratsi. Makogwaro tare da kunkuntar abin wuya na ƙasa. An yatsu masu launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa, mai saɓin baki, ya nuna tsananin tsoro tare da nasihun baƙi.
Mako: bayanin hoto da hotuna. Menene tsuntsu yayi kama?
Mujiya tsuntsu ce mai ganima. Dangane da wurin zama, yana iya samun launi daban-daban na rukiyya, rufe mujiya zuwa yankin da ke kewaye. Shugaban mujiya mai zagaye da manyan idanu, kusoshi suna da tsawo kuma mai kaifi, kuma baki mai karewa ne kuma gajere.
Dabannuwa nau'ukan owls suna da girma dabam. Owan muƙanƙara matacciya ita ce tsuntsayen tsuntsaye. Girmansa yakai 17-20 cm, kuma nauyi 50-80 g. Mafi girma daga mujiya owls shine mujiya gaggafa. Tsawonsa shine 60-70 cm, kuma nauyi daga kilogiram 2 zuwa 4.
Tsawon rayuwar mujiya a cikin yanayi kusan shekara 10 ne, a cikin zaman bauta, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 40. A takaice rayuwar rayuwar mujiya a cikin zahirin yanayi ana bayanin shi sau da yawa saboda yunwar da kuma farautar wasu tsuntsayen ganima, kamar shaho da gaggafa na zinare, domin mujiya.
Naman tsana suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, a cikin yawancin nau'in tsuntsaye. Mujiya mai kaɗa kaifi da kuma lanƙwasa, suna taimaka mata da sauri an kama wanda aka azabtar kuma ya riƙe ta. Jirgin mujiya ya kusan yin shiru, wannan ya faru ne saboda tsarin fuka-fuki na musamman. Farkon fuka-fukann farko sune sawtooth da fringe jagged. Fuka-fukai na uku da na huɗu na mujiya sun fi sauran ƙarfi. An yi zagaye wutsiya kuma an yanke shi, kuma gashin tsuntsayen sun lanƙwasa. Fuka-fuki na mujiya kusan 142-200 santimita. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna tashi da sauri: saurin mujiya a cikin jirgin sama ya kai kilomita 80 / h.
Tsuntsu yana fitar da halayyar buga halayyar sa yayin da ya fusata ko kuma ya sami farin ciki. Sai dai itace tare da baki. Gefar mujiya wadda take jujjuyawa tun daga farkonta har zuwa tushe, ta ƙare tare da ƙugiya, gefuna suma ba tare da yanke ba.
Namiji na iya juya kawunansu 180 ko ma digiri 270 ba tare da haifar da wani matsala ko cutarwa ba. Tsuntsu mai tsuntsayen shine maƙiyi, kuma yana buƙatar bin sahun abin da ya ci, don haka idanun ba su kasance a ɓangarorin, amma a gaba.
Idanun mujiyoyi ba su da zazzabi kuma suna kallo kawai a gaba. Don canza yanayin gani, tsuntsu yana buƙatar jujjuya kansa. A wannan yanayin, kusurwar ra'ayi na mujiya shine digiri 160, kuma hangen nesan shi dabba ne, sabanin sauran tsuntsaye. Owls suna ganin duniya cikin baki da fari. Rujin mujiya na cikin ruwan ido ba cikin ƙwallon ido ba, amma a cikin bututun ƙaho, saboda haka tsuntsayen za su iya gani da dare da dare.
Jin mujiya tana da sau 4 fiye da na cat. Da zarar ganima ta ci amanarta a cikin tashin hankali ko sauti, tsuntsu ya yi biris da saurinsa da walƙiya.
Iri mujiya, sunaye da hotuna
A cikin gidan mujiyoyi akwai ƙananan ƙananan yankuna 3, 30 na halitta da kuma nau'ikan 214, waɗanda suka fi yawa daga cikinsu sune:
- Owl Yayi tsawo (Asio otus)
Tsuntsu yana da tsawon santimita 31-36. A fikafika ya kai murafin 86-98. A cikin launi na wannan nau'in mujiya, inuwa mai launin toka-mai launin fari tare da shimfidar wurare dabam dabam, kirjin yayi fari. Abubuwan duhu suna faruwa a saman jikin mutum; raɗaɗin ra'ayoyi suna tsaye daga ƙananan gefe. A kan cinyar mujiya babba akwai manyan kunnuwa, wanda ya kunshi fuka-fukai shida.
Yana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka daji, ya zaɓi ƙasashen Turai ko arewacin Asiya a matsayin wuraren hutawa, yana tashi zuwa arewacin Afirka don hunturu. Mujiya mai tsayi tana ciyarwa a cikin rodents, mice, voles, kwari da tsuntsayen.
- Babban GiwaStrix nebulosa)
Babban tsuntsu mai tsawon 80 cm da fikafikan mita 1.5. Babban tsuntsu yana da launin toka mai launin shuɗi. Wuraren duhu suna kewaye da rawaya idanuwan mujiya.
Tana ciyarwa a kan mujiya da dunƙule. Game da sheka, za ta zabi gida da shaho da barori; ita da kanta ba ta gina gida. Wurin zama a baki a gemun tsuntsun yayi kama da gemu, saboda haka sunan tsuntsu. Tsuntsu bashi da kunnuwa gashin tsuntsu, fari yana kwance akan wuya. Abubuwan da fikafikan suke rufe ɓoyayyen duhu.
Mujiya mujiya tana zaune a cikin taiga da kuma dazuzzukan tudu a cikin kasashen Baltic, a yankin Turai na Rasha, a Siberiya, Sakhalin, da Mongolia.
Tana da tsawon tsayi na 60-75 cm, fikafikanti 160-190. Matsayi na mujiya namiji ya kai kilogiram 2.1-2.7, nauyin mata shine kilo 3-3.2. Mujiya Eagle ita ce mafi girma tsuntsu a cikin oda Owls. Abubuwan da suke kama da mai farautar sun mamaye launuka masu launin shuɗi da mai ocher, idanun mujiyoyi suna da launi mai launi mai haske, bunƙasan gashin fuka-fukai a saman idanu.
Mikaiyoyi na tururuwa suna zaune a cikin gandun daji da kuma kwari na Eurasia, farauta masu kwari, beraye, kuguta, shinge, hares, tsuntsaye da sauran wurare.
- Sparrow Owl (Gerin jikin glaucidium)
Tsawon jikin mujiya ita ce 15-19 cm, fikafikaiyyinsa ya kai cm 35-40. nauyi ya kai 55-80 g. A lokaci guda, maza sun fi ƙasa da mace. Launin mujiya mai launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a launi; farar fata, ya fi girma a baya da ƙarami kan kai, an bambanta su sosai a gashin fuka-fukan. A kasan tsuntsu yana da fari tare da raunin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Wutsiyar launin toka-launin ruwan kasa-kasa ce, raunin kunkuntar 5 ana kan ta. Shugaban yana karami ne kuma yana da zagaye da kuma sikirin fasali; mujiya ba ta da kunnuwa. A gefen idanun mujiya mai faifai fari da fararen fata. Idanun tsuntsu suna da rawaya, da fararen idanuwa sama da idanun. Abubuwan da ke tattare da mujiya mai launin fata baƙi ne ko launin rawaya. Afafun kafaffun fullyarshe, zuwa maƙalar.
- Gidan Gana (Athene noctua)
Birdan ƙaramin tsuntsu mai tsawon 25 cm da nauyin kusan 150-170 g. Launi mai launi na mace da mace iri ɗaya ne. A bayan tsuntsu yana da launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko yashi. Farar fata fari mai mottled bayyana a kan farin ciki na mujiya. Zagaye fararen fatun suna nan a jikin gashinsa.
Mujiya ta gidan tana zaune a kudu da tsakiyar Turai, a arewacin Afirka da kuma a cikin kudanci kasashen Asiya. A cikin Rasha, an tabbatar da mujiya a tsakiya da kuma kudu na yankin Turai, a Kudancin Altai da Transbaikalia. Tsuntsaye suna zaune a cikin wurare masu kyau da kuma wuraren hamada, suna gina gidaje a cikin duwatsu da mayuka. Makaryacin gidan yana cin kwari, gwanaye, tsokoki, wani lokacin kuma tsuntsaye.
- Karin OwlTyto alba)
Ya bambanta da sauran nau'in owls tare da diski na fuska mai kamannin zuciya. Tsawon sito Owl ya kai santimita 34-39 tare da fuka-fukai mai nauyin cm 80 zuwa5. Girman tsuntsu mai cin nama shine grain 190-700. Launi na mujiya mai ruwan hular ja yana da yawa tare da mottles masu rikicewa, rariyoyi da tutoci. A wannan yanayin, launi yana dogara da mazaunin tsuntsun. Gashin tsuntsu gajere. Kunnuwa ta mujiya abisa suna da wani tsari wanda baƙon abu ba ne: idan hagu yana matakin matakin goshin, to daman ya kusanci yankin tafin hanci. Saboda wannan fasalin, tsuntsu yana jin daɗin sosai.
Barn Owl yana zaune a duk nahiyoyi banda Antarctica mai sanyi. A Rasha, yana zaune ne kawai a yankin Kaliningrad.
- Nasiban Maraki (Arctic Owl) (Bubo scandiacus, nyctea scandiaca)
Yana da tsawon jiki na 55 zuwa 70 cm, nauyin tsuntsu shine kilogiram 2-3. Sashin tsuntsu ya kai cm 143-166. Launi na tsuntsu wanda ke zaune a yankin tundra yana aiki kamar wani ɓoye, saboda haka launuka masu duhu tare da duhu mai duhu suna gudana a ciki. Gashin farjin pola na baki ne, idanun suna da haske rawaya. Wsan alƙalumman da ke ƙaddara gabaɗaya ne.
Mujiya wadda take zaune a Eurasia, Arewacin Amurka, Greenland, a tsibiran Tekun Arctic. Farkon mujiya tana cin sarƙoƙi, lemmings, hares, ermines, partridges, geese, ducks, kifi. An lika mujiya fari a cikin Littafin Kyau.
- HawkSurnia ulula)
Yana zaune a yankuna na daji a Turai, Arewacin Amurka da Asiya. A Rasha, ana samun ta a Kamchatka, a Yankin Magadan, a Chukotka, a gabar Tekun Okhotsk.Yana ciyarwa akan ƙwaƙƙwaran sarƙa (mice, lemmings, voles filin), wani lokacin fara neman squirrels, gross hazel, black grouse, partridge da sauran tsuntsayen.
Tsawon tsuntsu ya kai cm 45. Wutsiyar tsuntsun tana da tsawo, launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa tare da fararen fata, ratsin bakin ciki suna zaune a kasan jikin ta. Idanu da baki na mujiya tabe.
Ina mujiya ta zauna?
Owls suna rayuwa a duniya, baya ga gano su a Antarctica kawai. Speciesabilar owls 17 suna zaune a Rasha. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan tsuntsayen ana iya samunsu a cikin gandun daji, kuma kaɗan daga cikinsu suna zaune a sararin samaniya.
Ainihin, mujiya tana zama a cikin rami da sheƙuna. Mujiya gaggafa tana samun gida kusan ko'ina: a cikin gandun daji, tsaunika, kwari da hamada. Mujiya mai tsayi tana da zaune a cikin kowane irin gona, kamar yadda take farauta a wuraren da ba a buɗe ba, amma tana haifar da sheƙunanta kawai a cikin gandun daji. Wata mujiya fari tana zaune a cikin tundra, a cikin hunturu tana tashi can nesa, ba ta son wuraren katako. Mujiya mujiya tana zaune ne kawai a cikin gandun daji na Taiga. Gwanin mujiya kamar mujiya da kuma mujiya gida suna samun gida a ƙarƙashin gidaje da kayan kwalliya.
Me mujiya ta ci?
Tambayar menene tsuntsu mai ci ya sha a yanayi yana da amfani ga mutane da yawa. Wannan tsuntsu, duka a cikin yanayin rayuwarsa da kuma ɗaurin talala, yakan ci ƙwanƙwasa, ƙananan tsuntsaye, kwari, dabbobi. Abincin ya dogara da mazaunin mujiya. Noma da matsakaitan girma da girma masu girma suna ciyar da beraye, beraye, lemani, shinge, ƙwarya, ƙyamare, ƙyallen, yatsu, jemagu, moles, macizai, kaji. Owanan mujiyoyi suna cinye kwari (gwoza, ciyawa), kuma tsuntsayen da ke zaune a yankunan gabar teku suna cin kifi, kifayen da masarufi. Noma a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi suna cin 'ya'yan itace, tsirrai da berries. Tsuntsu na mujiya zai iya rayuwa ba tare da ruwa ba na tsawon watanni, yana jin ƙishirwa tare da jinin waɗanda abin ya shafa.
Cikakkiyar nono
Namiji nau'i nau'i biyu. Owar mujiyoyi biyu ba sa yin sheƙarsu, suna ɗaukar makoki, ko rami, ko kuma waɗansu tsuntsaye waɗanda aka bari. Mujiya mai dunƙule ya gina ciyawa a ƙasa a cikin ciyayi mai yawa. Namiji na iya zama ɗaya ko sau daya a shekara, duk ya dogara da yawan abinci a mazaunin. A cikin ɓoye na iya kasancewa daga 3 zuwa 10 qwai. Qwai mai qwai fari ne, mai sihiri ne kuma kadan. Matar mujiya na sanya ƙwai. Matar mujiya tana cikin ciyar da zuriya. Mafi sau da yawa nests na shekaru daban-daban rayuwa a cikin gida. Iyaye suna ciyar da dukkan zuriya, amma yawancinsu ana ba su tsofaffi ne. Kajin tsofaffin tsuntsaye na iya cin 'yar takwarorinsu saboda karancin abinci.
Akwai wasu matsaloli game da ciyar da mujiya, an tsara tsarin narkewar wannan tsuntsu don haka yana buƙatar cin naman gawa gaba ɗaya ko tsuntsu. A bayyane yake cewa ciyar da naman ya ɓace, a shirye don siyan ofaura.
Hakanan ba da kulawa ta musamman don zaɓar nau'in mujiya, don daidaitaccen ɗakin birni na birni, mujiya mai tsayi ko cizo ya dace. Za a sami ɗaki kaɗan don ɓoye da owls, koda kuwa kuna da falo ko falo.
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin mujiya da mujiya?
Mujiya gaggafa ita ce tsuntsu mai fara'a daga tsari irin na mujiya, dangin mujiya. Ya kasance game da asalin mujiya. Wannan tsuntsu ya bambanta da sauran nau'in owls a bayyanar ta. Da fari dai, mujiya gaggafa tana da girma girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran mujiya. Shugaban mujiya gaggafa yana da girma sosai kuma yana da sifofi masu fasali: gajerun gashin fuka-fukai masu kama da mayuka suna a wurin da ake buɗe ofin. Mujiya gaggafa tana da halayyar gashin tsuntsu, mai launin ja. Share duhu ratsan flaunt a kai da baya.
Abu na biyu, sabanin yawancin nau'in owls masu farauta da dare kawai, mikiya gaggafa ita ce tsuntsu rana da take gani da kyau da rana.
Za'a fitar da kuzurai kan ƙananan jijiyoyi da kwari, yayin da mujiya gaggafa take cin amanar maguna, hares da barewa. Irin wannan ganima galibi tana zaune a cikin yanki mai ɗaukar hoto. A irin wa annan wurare ya dace da mujiya gaggafa don farauta saboda babban fiɗa.
Mujiya a hannun hagu, mujiya gaggafa a hannun dama. Katin Hoto: snowyowls, Lotse
Farar fata
Wannan nau'in owls suna zaune a cikin tundra, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kiransa da Arctic Owl. Wani tsuntsu mai yawo a cikin arewa mai nisa, amma yana iya yin farauta a wasu wurare na kudu.
Launin jikin yana da fari, amma iris yana da rawaya mai haske. Manya sun girma har zuwa 65 cm, kuma wannan shine mafi girman wakilcin mujiya da ke zaune a cikin tundra.
Erarancin Earancin Yammacin Eaukar El
An fara bayanin nau'in a cikin 1867, kuma gandun daji na Northwest America sune mazauna. Saboda girmanta, ana kiranta Little Eagle Owl.
Tsarin yana kama da wani nau'in kame-kame, kuma tsuntsu a lokacin da yake cikin hadari zai iya sawa cikin rayuwa. Matan wannan nau'in ba su girma sama da cm 23, kuma kifin ya fi girma cm 57. Farauta ga kwari, da ƙananan ƙwayoyi, suna dogara ne da ji da gani.
Af, a kan rukunin yanar gizon mu mafi yawan- ba za a iya samun bayanai masu ban sha'awa game da kwari ba, ka kuma yaba wa wakilan da ba a saba gani ba.
Unguwar Eurasi
Daga cikin dukkanin mujiyoyi, wannan mazaunin Eurasia shi ne mafi ƙaddara. Yana iya sauƙin farauta hares har ma da ƙananan barewa. Tsubin fuka-fukin zai iya isa mita 2, tsawon tsayin jikin kuma ya tashi daga 60 zuwa 75 cm.
Abu ne mai sauki ka gane mazaunin gandun daji ta hanyar halayyar da ba za ka iya rikita ta da sauran tsuntsayen ba. Yawancin mutanen Asiya suna ɗaukarsa mai tsarki, kuma koyaushe suna ɗaukar shi a matsayin "sarkin tsuntsayen da ke farauta."
Hawayen mujiya
Kyakkyawan ƙaramin tsuntsu mai cin nama ya zauna a cikin yalwar Tsakiyar da Kudancin Amurka. Tana da halayyar gashin tsuntsu masu fasali da kuma bayyananniyar fuskokin diski.
Ya fi son a buɗe sarari inda yake da sauƙi a farautar ɓarnattsu. Zai iya tsayawa a cikin gandun daji na birni, saboda ana iya samun sau da yawa a cikin birni.
Budurciya
A yankin Arewacin Amurka, ita ce mafi girman wakilan dangin owls. Mafi girma a duniya shine dangin Eurasi kawai.
An karɓi suna da jinsin a cikin jihar Amurka, inda aka fara gano mujiya. Kunnuwa masu gashin tsuntsu suna kan kai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake kiran mujiya "Great Horned Owl".
Babban Girgizar Grey
Wani tsuntsu mai ban mamaki, wanda fikafikansa ya kai 1.5 m, yana zaune a cikin yankunan taiga na duniyar. Hakanan zaka iya haɗuwa da babban mujiya a cikin gandun daji, inda yake zama a ciki.
A karkashin baki, tsuntsu yana da wuri mai duhu, saboda wanda aka samo sunan jinsin. Yana farauta a cikin rana, da ƙananan ƙwayoyi, wani lokacin squirrels, shigar da abincin.
Farar ruwan Nevropic Farar fata
Mazaunin Kudancin Amurka ya kai tsawon 44 cm Wadannan hawayen suna da launi da keɓaɓɓen launin tare da gashin ido mai rawaya da fararen fari a wuya. Zaune a cikin gandun daji wanda ba za'a iya jurewa ba a wani tsawan 1,500 na saman teku.
Tsuntsu mai tsayiwa wanda za'a iya bambance shi da halayyar halayyar. Suna yin rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, kuma a lokacin da suke zaune a tsakanin rassan bishiyoyi. Suna ciyar da tsuntsaye, har da manyan kwari.
Saurin Kifi na Himalayan
An gano wannan nau'in a cikin 1836, kuma da sunan sa zaka iya fahimtar cewa yana zaune a cikin tsaunukan Himalayas. Hakanan ana samun shi a cikin Thailand, Indiya da China, suna zaune a cikin gandun daji inda akwai tafkuna.
Yana kama daidai da rana da dare. A cikin abincin, kifi, ƙananan rodents, crabs. Launin mace da na maza iri ɗaya ne, amma mace tana da girma.
Splyushka
Owan mujiya ta zauna a Turai, Asiya ta Tsakiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya, amma masu sanyi a Afirka mai zafi. Saboda tsawaitawar halayyar, wanda yayi kama da sautin muryar mai “yafa,” sunan ya samu sunan.
Tsuntsu mai jujjuyawa yana ciyar da kwari da suttura, kuma saboda girman sa da wuya yakai hari dabbobi masu shayar da dabbobi. Ya tashi zuwa Rasha a tsakiyar Afrilu, kuma ya tashi zuwa hunturu a watan Agusta - farkon Satumba.
Madagaskar
Tana zaune a Madagascar kawai, yana tsayawa a tsawan 1,600 - 1,800 m sama da matakin teku a tsakiyar da yammacin tsibirin. Tare da girman jikin mutum har zuwa 50 cm, ita ce mujiya mafi girma a tsibirin.
Ya jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa, bautar farauta. Yana iya farauta a cikin gandun daji da kuma wuraren bude fili. Mata sun fi maza girma, kuma launi kusan iri daya ne.
California Owl Gnome
Ya danganta da gidan shaye-shaye, kuma tsuntsu mai cin nama yana zama a Arewacin Amurka. Wadannan kananan mujirai suna farauta ne kawai a cikin rana, suna dogara ne kawai a kan idanunsu masu kyau. Babban abincin dabbobi sune rodents da kwari.
Kawai ne za a iya cinye shugabanta, sai dai ƙwari mai laushi da kwari. A lokacin nishadi, namiji yakan fitar da bayanan 8 a sakan na biyu. Mata sun fi yin shiru, amma maza suna kururuwa suna tsare yankinsu.
Girman kai
Wannan nau'in yana da dogo mai tsayi, wanda aka fentin shi da ratsi mai duhu. An gano wannan tsuntsu na ganima kuma aka bayyana shi a cikin 1771. Gidajen sararin samaniya yana da faɗi sosai, kuma ya taso daga Scandinavia, ta ko'ina cikin Rasha zuwa tsibirin Kuril.
Yana zaune a cikin ramin dazuzzukan da aka cakuda, kusa da gefen dajin. Yana amfanuwa da voles, amma yana iya kai hari ga manyan tsuntsayen kamar baƙar fata ko baƙon haushi.
Cuba diba
Kyakkyawan tsuntsu mai farauta tare da idanuwa masu manyan idanu suna zaune ne kawai a tsibiran Cuba da Huventud, amma kukan da takeyi shine yafi tuna muryar kuki. Sun fi son su zauna a cikin dazuzzuka masu daɗin rai da savannahs.
Jikinta na sama mai duhu ne, amma ƙananan nata haske ne. A saman idanun akwai raunin haske guda biyu masu kama da gira. Suna cin ƙananan kwari, amma suna iya kaiwa wasu tsuntsayen hari.
Kyaftin Tsakanin Cape
Mazaunin Afirka Ta Kudu ya girma zuwa 60 cm, kuma nauyinsa ya kai 2 kg. Wannan mujiya mai saukin ganewa shine sanadin girki mai kyau da kuma halayyar gashin tsuntsu.
Yana zaune a wuraren tsaunuka, amma yana iya farauta a cikin savannah. Zai iya kai hari ga dabba wacce take da nauyinsa sau 4. Dangane da mazaunin, akwai ƙananan fannoni guda uku waɗanda suka bambanta girman su da launi na plumage.
Abin Kifi na Marmara
Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na girma a gefen kogunan Afirka, waɗanda basu dace da aikin tattalin arziki ba. A lokacin damina, waɗannan kogunan suna ambaliya, da mujiya mai marmara a saukad da kifin da ke bayyana a saman.
Launin kai da gangar jikinsa sun bambanta sosai, kuma ya bambanta da launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Ya danganta da mazaunin maza, an kuma samo tsuntsayen launin toka.
Fuskar fari
Mun kammala nazarin hotonmu tare da kyawawan hotunan fuskoki masu kyau, wadanda suka hada da jinsuna biyu - Kudancin Yankin kudu da na Arewa. Suna zaune ne a Nahiyar Afrika kawai kudu da hamadar Sahara.
Wannan nau'in ya koya don kare kansa daidai ga maƙiyan waje. A lokutan hatsari, tsuntsu ya shimfida fikafikan sa, kuma shima ya kara girman girman jikinsa saboda gashinsa. An nuna irin wannan tsari na kariya a cikin shahararren wasan kwaikwayon talabijin na kasar Japan, wanda gandunan saurin tashi a duk duniya.
A ƙarshe
Kwanan nan, a ɗayan kogo a Kudancin Faransa, an gano zanen dutsen da mujiya, wadda mai fasahar Paleolithic ta bari. Ya zama gaskiya, cikin daɗaɗɗun tarihi, waɗannan magabatan ba su san tunanin mutane ba. Gaba ɗaya, a cikin daji, akwai nau'ikan owls 200 waɗanda suke rayuwa a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe na duniya. Yawancinsu sunaye a cikin littafin farko kuma an haramta farautarsu. Babban tsuntsu mai farauta yana farauta da daddare ko a almuru, kuma babban abincin shi ne maciji, macizai, kwaɗi.
Muna maraba da kowane daga cikin ra'ayoyin ku kan wannan batun!