Dabbobi masu ban sha'awa suna rayuwa a Kalahiri - meerkats, suna rayuwa akan ka'idodin "daya don duka kuma duka har guda."
Meerkat dangi na kusa da mongoose, yana da gajerun kafafu, jiki mai kauri da kuma dogon falon da aka daidaita don haƙa.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa a cikin yankuna da aka ƙidaya mutane 40-50. Mulkin mallaka yana da tsattsauran ra'ayi. A cikin meerkats, babbar mace ita ce - kowa yana yi mata biyayya. Yan mulkin mallaka ya ƙunshi cubs da dabbobin da suka girma a cikin ikon mallaka.
Bayani da salon rayuwa
Tushen abincin meerkat shine kwari da ƙananan ƙananan kwari, kuma don ku same su a cikin hamada, dole ne ku haƙa cikin yashi, amma tare da hancinku binne a ƙasa, ba za ku lura da haɗarin ba, kuma ku zama mai sauƙi ga mai farauta.
Don kare kansu, meerkats sun haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin kulawa. Ofaya daga cikin membobin mulkin mallaka yana yin aikin mai gadi, yayin da sauran suke neman abinci don kansu, yana lura da abin da ke faruwa a gundumar. Mai gadi koyaushe yana yin sautuna na musamman, a hankali - yana nufin cewa komai ya natsu, kuma tare da tsawa - yana nuna kusancin haɗari.
Mai gadi yana buƙatar kyakkyawan bayyani, don wannan dalili meerkat ya hau kan bishiyar, inda ya shirya matsayin sa na kallo. Meerkats suna da hangen nesa mai kaifi sosai, sun sami damar lura da tsuntsu na ganima lokacin da ya zama kamar ƙaramin abu ne kawai a sararin sama.
Idan mai tsaron meerkat yana buƙatar hutawa, to yana nuna alama wannan kuma nan da nan wani mai gadin ya maye gurbinsa.
A lokacin rana, hamada Kalahari tana da zafin rai, zafin jiki a rana ya kai + 70 ° C, saboda haka meerkats ya huta a lokacin, kuma ya ciyar da safe ko da yamma, lokacin da zafi ya yi sanyi.
Meerkats makiyaya ne, amma ba sa farauta, kamar zakuna, amma suna neman abinci daidai a hancin su. Meerkats suna da wata ma'ana na bakin ciki game da wari, sun sami damar jin warin ganima a ƙarƙashin lokacin farin yashi kuma nan da nan su tono ta. Da sanyin safiya ne kawai meerkat ya haƙa har zuwa rami 400, yayin da nauyin yashi ya haƙa da shi ya wuce nasa sau 50.
Meerkats suna cin duk abin da suka zo, amma yawancin kwari, duk da haka, abincin da suka fi so shine kunama. Kunama tana kama da tsoro, abin birgewa tana da firgita, amma ga meerkats yana da sauƙi ganima. Da fari dai, meerkats suna da alamar walƙiya, na biyu, sun inganta rigakafi ga kunama na kunama, kuma idan ta aikata hakan, zai zama mai raɗaɗi, amma ba mai saurin cutar ba.
Meerkats sun tono ramuka masu zurfi ba wai kawai don neman abinci ba, sun kuma shirya kayan girke-girke na kayan kasada idan ka ceci ranka ta hanyar tserewa daga maƙiyin.
Meerkats dabbobi ne masu tsari, suna da amana da kusanci da batun kiyayewa da kuma haihuwar zuriya. Cubs waɗanda ke da ɗan veryan kwanaki kaɗan suna da rauni sosai, idanun su sun buɗe kwanan nan kuma ba za su iya tafiya ba kawai, don haka manya meerkats basu barin su ba a ɗauka ba na minti ɗaya.
Yaran suna da mai jagoranci, aikinsa shi ne kula da kananan yara, kare su, kuma idan akwai haɗari, ba da ƙararrawa a kan kari. Kuma haqqi ne na mai jagoranci ya koyar da waxannan dabarun dabarun farauta. Malami ya nuna wa yara yadda ake mu'amala da ganima don hana shi, alal misali, kunama, wacce itace abincin meerkat da aka fi so.
A cikin mazaunin meerkat, kowa yana da yin wasu ayyuka: tono, tsaro, ko kula da yara. Anan kowa yana aiki tare kuma tare.
Bayanin Meerkats
Meerkats - ɗayan mafi ƙarancin wakilan mongoose. Waɗannan dabbobin da ke ta ɓoye suna rayuwa a cikin mazauna, wanda adadinsu ba sa wuce mutum 30. Sadarwar su ta bunkasa sosai - a cewar masana kimiyya, a cikin “Meerkat language” akwai aƙalla sauti iri 10.
Duba kuma mutum
Meerkats suna ba da mamaki ga kananan halittu waɗanda galibi suna haifar da murmushi. 'Yan Afirka suna da imani guda biyu da ke da alaƙa da fari. Dangane da ɗayansu, ana kiran dabbobin da mala'ikun rana. Kuma ba wai kawai saboda suna son jiƙa da safe a rana ta Afirka ba. An yi imanin cewa suna kare ƙauyuka da shanu daga wadanda ke cikin rana, waɗanda ke kaiwa mutane da dabbobi (aljanun wataƙila jemagu ne). Bugu da ƙari, daidaitawa a kusa da bukkoki, meerkats sun share yankin kunama har ma da macizai masu guba, waɗanda ake ci. Ana saukad da garin Meerkats, kuma wasu lokuta mazauna karkara sukan fara yin gidaje don kare gidajensu daga dabbobi masu guba.
Dangane da wani almara, rayukan wadanda suka mutu suna motsawa zuwa meerkat, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa waɗannan dabbobin suke da mutane da mutane. Dabba da aka bincika na iya tsayawa a kafafunsa na dogon lokaci, kuma daga nesa gungun dabbobi waɗanda ke faɗakar da sautin hamada zasu iya kuskure ga ƙananan maza. A saboda wannan ne ake kira wasu lokuta "mutane kaɗan." Kuma godiya ga vigilance da dangin meerkat suka nuna, sun sami wani sunan barkwanci mai ban sha'awa: "desinel desinrts."
Rarraba da wurin zama
Meerkats suna zaune a cikin m da kuma hamada na Afirka ta Kudu, yamma da Lake Chadi, arewacin kogin. Orange, gami da jejin Kalahari. Waɗannan dabbobin suna guje wa gandun daji da katako. Sun gwammace ƙasa mai yashi, a cikin da ake tono ƙasa mai zurfi da ƙasa - manyan biranen ƙasa waɗanda wani lokacin suna zurfin zurfin mita 2 zuwa zurfi. Wani lokacin ma sai a yi amfani da mayukan tsiran da aka watsar na Afrika. Idan dabbobin sun zauna a yankin tsaunuka, to kuwa kogon dutse ya zama mafaka a gare su.
Bayyananniya da ilimin halittar jiki
Animalsanan dabbobi masu falala, ƙarami a cikin ƙasa mai ƙaramar girgije: tsayinsu kawai shine 50-60 cm, tare da kusan rabin fadowa a wutsiya, kuma nauyin kawai musamman manyan mutane ya kai 1 kg. Mace sun ɗan girma fiye da maza. Daga wasu mongooses, ana nuna bambancin mahaifa ta manyan kafafu, kafaɗun yatsa huɗu, wutsiya mai ƙarfi, an rufe su gaba ɗaya tare da saƙar ulu da rashin saƙar farko-haƙori. Kafafuwan wannan dabbar suna da halayyar gaske: suna dauke da makamai masu dogaye da ƙarfi, wanda, musamman akan ƙafafun gaba, suna samun irin wannan ci gaba kamar babu wani dangin dangi. Tare da taimakon waɗannan maganganu masu ƙarfi, meerkat sauƙaƙe ma'anar wurare masu zurfi, cire abinci da kuma kayan gida.
Meerkat fur shine mafi m, launi tare da tinge mai launin shuɗi, a kan wannan yanayin daga ƙarshen baya sune takwas zuwa goma madaidaiciyar raunanan duhu waɗanda basu da shaci bayyanannun. A kan kafafu, gashi yana da sauki, a ciki da kirji ba wuya, silvery, lebe, lebe da kunci sun yi fari, bakin makamin, zobe a idanu, kunnuwa da kuma bakin wutsiya baki ne. Idanu tare da ɗalibin da ke zagaye da launin tokare.
Meerkats suna da ma'ana mai ƙanshi sosai, ya zama dole don bincika kwari waɗanda ke tono a cikin yashi zuwa zurfin zurfafa, musamman a lokacin fari. Dogo mai tsayi a kan fuska yana taimaka musu su kewaya cikin manyan ramuka na ramuka.
Dabbobin suna da tsananin gani, suna iya yiwuwa su lura da mai farautarsu daga nesa. The duhu da'ira a kusa da idanu sha da wuce haddi ultraviolet, sabõda haka, meerkats iya duba kusan rana. Suna da fatar ido na uku da ƙarfi, wanda ke da aminci yana kiyaye idanu daga yashi.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Meerkat (daga Latin Suricata suricatta) ko myrrh na gari mai kyau - karamin dabba mai shayarwa daga umarnin magabatan dangin mongoose.
Mafi karancin girman dabbobi ne daga duka dangin mongoose, wanda yake da nau'ikan 35. Tsawon jikinsu da wuya ya kai santimita 35, wanda nauyinsu ya kai gram 750. Wutsiyar launi mai launin ja tare da baki mai laushi yana da tsawo sosai ga irin wannan girman jiki - har zuwa 20-25 cm.
Shugaban yana ƙarami tare da kunnuwa masu zagaye waɗanda suke nuna kan kambi mai duhu, kuma wani lokacin ma launi baki. Abubuwan da ke cikin idanu kuma suna da launi mai duhu dangane da sauran jikin, suna kama da tabarau, wanda hakan ke sanyawa mai ban dariya.
Launi mai laushi mai laushi a jikin gawa na wannan maharbin yana da ja-ja, wani lokacin ma kusa da orange. Tana da ƙananan ƙafa huɗu, kafafu na gaba tare da doguwar fika. Kamar duk mongooses, meerkats na iya rufawa wani abu mai ƙamshi wanda yake ɓoye shi daga cikin gubar dake ciki.
Masana kimiyya sun kasha wadannan dabbobi zuwa kaso uku:
- Suricata suricatta suricatta
- Suricata suricatta marjoriae
- Suricata suricatta iona
Habitat abincin dabbobi An rarraba shi a kan Afirka ta kudu na masu siye. Suna zaune a cikin yanayi mai zafi da bushe a cikin hamada da yankuna da ke kusa da su.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Meerkats dabbobi masu rauni, Da dare suna ɓoye cikin ramuka masu zurfi. Burrows, mafi sau da yawa, sun haƙa kansu, kuma zurfin cikin burrow koyaushe akalla mita daya da rabi. Abubuwan da suke riga ba su da yawa galibi suna mamaye su, suna wadatar da su don kansu.
A tsaunukan dutse ko tsaunukan da suke rayuwa a cikin kabura da kogon dutse. Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna ciyar da rana don neman abinci, haƙa sababbi ko shirya tsoffin ramuka ko kawai kwanar rana, waɗanda suke ƙaunar aikatawa.
Meerkats dabbobi ne na zamantakewa, koyaushe suna yin ɓarna a cikin mazauna, adadin waɗanda adadinsu yakai 25-30, kuma akwai ƙungiyoyi mafi girma, wanda a cikin kusan dabbobi masu shayarwa 60.
Gabaɗaya, a cikin yanayi, da wuya cewa magabatan suyi rayuwa ta mulkin mallaka, wataƙila, banda ma'amala, saboda haka zakuna kawai waɗanda ke da ƙungiyoyi a cikin abubuwan da zasu iya yin alfahari da rayuwarsu. A cikin mazaunin meerkat akwai jagora koyaushe, kuma, abin ban sha'awa shine, jagora koyaushe mace ce, saboda haka matattakalar nasara a cikin waɗannan dabbobin.
Wadannan magabatan galibi suna farauta cikin kungiyoyi kuma a lokaci guda rarraba ayyukan kowane ɗayansu. Wasu membobin ƙungiyar suna tsaye a kan kafafunsu na baya don neman ganima, ya kamata a lura cewa meerkats na iya kasancewa a cikin wani matsayi na tsaro na dogon lokaci, yayin da wasu ke kama ganima, wanda farkon ya nuna ta hanyar wani irin sautin murya.
Duk da cewa meerkats makiyaya ne, suna rayuwa da farauta a cikin manyan kabilu.
Kasancewar suna da tsohuwar rai, a wani yanayi na tsaro, waɗannan dabbobin suna da kyan gani sosai a tsaye a ƙafafunsu, da na gaba, suna faduwa. Mafi yawan lokuta, masu daukar hoto suna kokarin kama wannan hoto mai ban dariya don samun babbar harbi.
Bugu da ƙari, meerkats suna da dabbobi masu kulawa, suna kulawa ba kawai ga zuriyarsu ba, har ma da zuriyar wasu iyalai waɗanda suke zaune tare da su a cikin mazauna. A cikin lokutan sanyi, zaku iya lura da gungun meerkats, waɗanda suka ɓace tare don dumama juna da jikinsu, ana iya ganin wannan sauƙin akan abubuwa da yawa hoton meerkats.
Iyalin meerkat yawanci suna da ramuka da yawa kuma sau da yawa yakan canza su lokacin da haɗari ya kusanto ko lokacin da wani dangi suka zauna kusa. Wani lokacin tsohuwar burrows ana barinta saboda gaskiyar cewa kwayar ta haifar da su a cikin lokaci.
Meerkats, kamar duk mongooses, sun shahara ga mafarautan maciji, gami da masu guba. An yi kuskuren yarda cewa waɗannan dabbobi ba su da kariya daga macijin maciji. Idan maciji, kamar maciji, ya ciji meerkat, to, zai mutu, kawai lalatawar da dabbobi ke da shi da wuya ke ce mai rarrafe abubuwa masu rarrafe a kan yin wannan.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, shahararrun ƙananan masu ba da labari sun zama abin da cewa a cikin 2012, silima na Ostiraliya ta saki jerin abubuwan tarihi guda shida game da meerkats da ake kira "Meerkats." Babban rayuwar kananan halittu ”(sunan asalin" Kalahari Meerkats ").
A wasu ƙasashe, masu yin fim da masana kimiyya su ma ba su da baya ga Australiya kuma saboda haka, yawancin bidiyo da ke nuna dabbobi an harbe su a duniya.
Abincin Meerkat
Abincin abinci na meerkats bashi da arziki sosai, saboda ƙarancin fauna suna zama a mazauninsu. Mafi yawanci suna cin kwari iri-iri, larurinsu, qwai tsuntsu, gizo-gizo, kunama, macizan da macizai.
Shiga cikin yaƙin da kunama, da fari meerkat ya fara huɗa wutsiyarsa, wanda ke ɗauke da guba, sannan ya kashe kunama da kansa, ta haka ya kare kansa daga guba.
Wadannan magabatan suna neman abinci kusa da burikansu, wato, da'irar binciken abinci da wuya ya wuce tazarar kilomita biyu zuwa uku. Bamu da mazaunin meerkats a cikin wani yanayi mai sanyin jiki, ba sa fama da rashin ruwa kwata-kwata, suna da wadataccen abu a cikin abincin dabbobi, wanda ake amfani da shi don abinci.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Shirye shiryen hadi a cikin meerkats na mata ana samun sa ne ta shekarar rayuwa. Ba su da takamaiman lokacin yin ciki; waɗannan dabbobin suna yin kiwo duk shekara. A cikin shekara guda, mace zata iya haihuwar zuriya uku zuwa hudu.
Cutar ciki a cikin mace na gudana kimanin watanni biyu, bayan haka ƙananan dabbobi makafi suka bayyana a cikin mink. Babiesananan ƙananan jarirai masu nauyin 25-40. Yawan san sanduna a cikin zuriyar dabbobi yawanci 4-5 ne, ba a haife dabbobi 7.
Makonni biyu bayan haihuwa, yara sun fara buɗe idanunsu kuma sannu a hankali sun saba da zama mai zaman kansa. Watan farko na farko a rayuwarsu, suna shayar da nono kuma daga nan ne suka fara kokarin cin kananan kwari, wadanda iyayensu ko wasu manya na danginsu (yan uwan maza da mata) suka kawo masu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Jagora mace mace guda ce kaɗai za ta iya kawo offspringa toa a cikin dangi, idan sauran mata suka yi juna biyu kuma suka kawo ɗan tsintsiya, to, babbar mace ta kore su daga dangin ta don haka dole ne su gina nasu.
A cikin mazaunin daji na yau da kullun, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa a matsakaita kimanin shekaru biyar. Manyan kaddara, musamman tsuntsaye, waɗanda wannan ƙaramin dabbar dabba ce, suna da babban tasiri ga yawan mutanen meerkat. A cikin zoos da na gida na gida yi tsawon rai - har zuwa shekaru 10-12.
Daya daga cikin imani na jama'ar Afirka ya ce cewa meerkats kare yawan jama'a da dabbobi daga wasu watã game da-watwolves-waswolves, don haka da mazaunan da babban jin daɗin shuka meerkats a gida.
Kodayake waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, da sauri da sauƙi sun saba da ɗan adam da yanayin ciyarwa da rayuwa. Bugu da kari, wadannan dabbobin suna kawo fa'ida ta hakika ga mutane, suna tsabtace yankin gidansu da filayensu domin narkar da su daga kunama da macizai masu dafi.
Don haka, siyan meerkat a Afirka ba shi da wahala, kowane mai siyar da dabbobi zai iya bayar da dozin mutane da za su zaɓa. Saboda haka galibi sukan mallaki gidajen dabbobi, ciki har da cikin ƙasarmu. Bayan haka farashin meerkat wanda babu makawa a sanadiyyar gaskiyar cewa ba su da fur mai mahimmanci kuma mutane ba sa cinye su.
Rayuwa
Meerkats dabbobi ne masu haɓaka sosai waɗanda ke haɗuwa da mazauna (Damuna, jemagu, zomaye da wasu tsokoki suna jagorantar da irin wannan rayuwar, amma wannan ita ce kawai a tsakanin masu hasashen). Garuruwan Meerkat sun hada da dangin dangi biyu zuwa uku, amma jimilla daga 20-30 ne (rikodin mutane 63). Groupsungiyoyin dangi suna da ƙiyayya a tsakani kansu akan yankuna, kuma sau da yawa fadace-fadace kan iyakokinsu, galibi yana ƙarewa cikin rushewa na akalla guda. Wasu sanannun majiyoyin kimiyya sun yarda da wannan karamar dabba a matsayin daya daga cikin masu zubar da jini: bisa ga bayanan su, har ya zuwa na biyar a cikin tsarin mace-macen dabbobi ana sanya su sakamakon sakamakon fadarsu da juna.
Kowane gungun dangi na meerkats ya ƙunshi nau'i biyu na manya dabbobi da zuriyarsu. Matithy na sarauta a cikin kungiyar meerkat; mace na iya zama babba fiye da namiji a girma kuma tana mamaye shi. Meerkats sau da yawa suna magana da juna, lambar sautin nasu ya ƙunshi aƙalla sauti ashirin zuwa ashirin da biyar.
Aikin yau da kullun na meerkat yakan bi wannan tsarin: da sanyin safiya dabbobi sun farka, share ƙofar rami daga yashi, fita neman abinci, hutawa a cikin inuwa a lokacin da yake mafi zafi, sannan ku koma neman abinci ku koma ramin kamar awa ɗaya kafin faɗuwar rana.
Yayin da wasu mutane ke yin jita-jita a cikin ƙasa, wasu suna kallo don neman haɗari, saboda wannan dalili ma za su iya hawa bishiyoyi.
Ationaura daga ɓoye zuwa ɓoye burki na faruwa ne saboda dalilai biyu: tsawaita zama cikin tsohuwar burrow, wanda ya haifar da sassaucin sashin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin burrow, ko kusanci da ɗan dangi zuwa ga burrow. Locaura sau da yawa yana farawa kai tsaye bayan binciken safe. Lokacin da suka isa wurin, dangi ya fara share duk ramuka na rami.
Dabbobin gida
Meerkats suna lafiya sosai. Suna da matukar damuwa ga sanyi. A Afirka ta Kudu, ana adana meerkats a gida don maciji da macizai. Meerkats wani lokaci ana rikice da rawaya mongooses (Cynictis), wanda suke yawan zama tare da juna. Rawaya mongooses ba mai tarko bane kuma babu dabbobi masu fita daga cikinsu.
Meerkats nawa ke zaune
A cikin daji, tsawon rayuwar meerkats da wuya ya wuce shekaru 6-8. Matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwa shine shekaru 4-5. Dabbobi suna da maƙiyan halitta da yawa, waɗanda ke ƙayyade babban amincinsu. A cikin zaman talala - zoos, tare da kulawar gida - meerkats na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10-12. Mutuwa a cikin vivo yana da girma sosai - 80% a cikin matasa kuma kusan 30% a cikin manya. Dalilin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin kisan kai na mace ta hanyar magadan mata na wasu 'ya' yan kuya-kuli na sauran mata.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Meerkats kamar yadda jinsin ya kasance dangin mongoose, tsari shine kaddara, ƙananan yanki shine cat. Meerkats ba su da kama sosai da kuliyoyi, yanayin jikinsu ya sha bamban sosai, halayensu da rayuwar su gaba ɗaya daban ne. Dukda cewa da yawa daga cikin masanan sunyi iƙirarin cewa farkon itacen ya bayyana a tsakiyar zamanin Eocene kimanin shekaru miliyan miliyan 42, “har yanzu magabacin magabaci” na wannan rukunin halittu a cikin ilimin binciken halittu har yanzu ba'a gano shi ba. Amma a gefe guda, an gano wani nau'in meerkats, wanda saboda shine akwai ra'ayin cewa waɗannan dabbobin sun samo asali ne daga ɓoyayyen biri da ke zaune a Kudancin Afirka.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Dabbobin Meerkat
Meerkat - karamin dabba, giram 700-1000 kawai ta nauyi. Da kadan kadan da cat. Jikin yana da tsawo, kimanin santimita 30-35 tare da kai. Wani santimita 20-25 kuma zai dauke shi da wutsiyar dabbar. Suna da bakin ciki, kamar bera, saita zuwa bakin. Meerkats suna amfani da wutsiyoyinsu azaman ma'auni. Misali, yayin da dabbobi suka tsaya akan kafafunsu na baya, ko kuma lokacinda suka tsayar da maciji. A lokacin gwagwarmaya tare da maciji, dabbar za ta iya amfani da wutsiya a matsayin caza da kuma makamar karya.
Abu ne mai sauqi ka auna tsawon jikin meerkat yayin da yake kallon wani abu, tsaye a kafafun sa. Meerkats suna ɗaukar wannan matsayi sau da yawa. Kusan duk lokacin da suke son hango nesa. Suna amfani da haɓaka mai tsayi domin kusurwar ra'ayi ta ba da kallo har zuwa dama. Don haka yanayi ya daidaita wadannan dabbobin don ganin mai farautar nesa da inda suke.
Matan suna da nono shida a cikin ciki. Tana iya ciyar da cuban ta a kowane matsayi, har a tsaye a kan ƙafafunsa na baya. Mata sun fi maza girma kuma ana ɗaukar su manyan. Meerkat paws sune ƙarancin gajarta, na bakin ciki, mai ƙima da kuzari sosai. Yatsun dogaye suna da dogon yatsu. Tare da taimakon su, meerkats sun sami damar tono ƙasa da sauri, tono ramuka, motsawa da sauri.
A mucks ne karami, in mun gwada da fadi a cikin yankin na kunnuwa da kuma kunkuntar ga hanci. Kunnuwa suna kan bangarorin, maimakon ƙasa, ƙarami a zagaye. Hanci shine feline ko canine, baƙar fata. Meerkats suna da hakora 36 a cikin bakinsu, 3 daga cikinsu sune incisors a dama da hagu, a sama da kasa, canine guda, 3 pre-root incisors da kuma motsi biyu na gaskiya. Dabba na da ikon sare murfin kwari na kwari da nama.
Duk jikin dabbar ya lullube da ulu, daga gefen bayanta ya yi kauri da duhu, daga gefen ƙanƙantar ƙasa galibi, ya fi guntu da wuta. Launi ya bambanta daga haske mai launin ja har ma tabarau mai rawaya zuwa sautunan launin ruwan duhu. Dukkanin meerkats suna da raunin baƙar fata a kan sutura. An kafa su ta hanyar gashin baki-tip na gashin da ke kusa. Fuska da ciki na dabba yawanci haske ne, kunnuwan kuma bakake ne. Gefen wutsiya kuma ana fentin baki. Jawo yana ƙara ƙarawa ga dabba mai fata. Ba tare da shi ba, da meerkats dã ya zama kamar na bakin ciki da ƙanana.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Meerkat bashi da madaidaicin gashi a ciki. A can, dabbar tana da labulen laushi kawai.
Ina meerkat take zama?
Hoto: Live Meerkat
Meerkats sun zama na kowa a Kudancin Afirka.
Ana iya samun su a ƙasashe kamar:
Wadannan dabbobin an daidaita da su ga yanayin zafi mai bushe, wanda zai iya jure wa da hadari. Sabili da haka, suna zaune a cikin hamada da rabin hamada. Misali, ana samun meerkats a adadi mai yawa a cikin yankuna na hamada na Namib da hamada Kalahari.
Dukda cewa ana iya kiransu Hardy, amma meerkats basu da cikakkiyar shiri don maganin sanyi, kuma da wuya su iya jure yanayin zafi. Wannan ya cancanci tunawa da magoya baya don samun dabbar dabba a gida. A Rasha, yana da daraja a lura da yanayin zafin gida a hankali kuma a kawar da tarkace don lafiyar dabbobi.
Meerkats son bushe, fiye ko lessasa da ƙasa kasa, saboda su iya tono tsari. Yawancin lokaci yana da ƙofar da yawa da kuma barin kuma yana ba dabba damar ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba a cikin ƙofa ɗaya, kuma yayin da maƙiyin ke zubar da wannan wuri, meerkat ya gudu ta wani mafita. Hakanan, dabbobi na iya amfani da wasu ramuka na mutane, wasu dabbobi suka haƙa suka watsar da su. Ko kawai a ɓoye a cikin ɗakunan ƙasa na asali.
Idan yankin yana mamaye da tushen dutse, tsaunika, fashewar abubuwa, to, meerkats suna murna da amfani da kogo da koguna don wannan maƙasudi kamar burrows.
Meerkat yake ci?
Meerkats shine yafi ciyar da kwari. Ana kiransu kwari. Yawancin lokaci, basuyi nisa da matsugunin su ba, amma suna haƙa tare a cikin ƙasa, a cikin tushen, juya dutse kuma don haka suke neman abinci don kansu. Amma ba su da zaɓin na musamman na abin da ake ci, saboda haka suna da yawansu.
Meerkats samun abubuwan gina jiki daga:
- kwari
- gizo-gizo
- millipedes
- kunama
- macijin
- gwanaye
- qwai kunkuru da ƙananan tsuntsaye,
- ciyayi.
Ofaya daga cikin ayyukan da aka fi so dabbobi shine farauta ga kunama da ke zama a adadi mai yawa a cikin hamada. Abin mamaki, guba da macizai da kunama shine kusan ba haɗari ga dabba ba, tunda meerkat yana da rigakafi ga waɗannan guba. Kodayake akwai lokuta na karuwa da kuma mutuwar dabbobi masu maciji da kunama. Meerkats suna da dexterous. Nan da nan suka kawar da dal daga kunama, sannan a ci lafiya.
Suna koyar da 'ya'yansu irin waɗannan fasahohin, kuma yayin da san sandunan basu iya farautar kansu ba, ƙananan garken sun samar musu da abinci gaba ɗaya kuma ana horar dasu don su mallaki abincin nasu da farauta. Hakanan zasu iya farautar ƙananan ƙwayoyi kuma ku ci su. Saboda wannan fasalin, meerkats sun sami mashahuri kamar dabbobi.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Dabbobin Meerkat
Meerkats ana ɗaukar manyan masu ilimi. Don sadarwa da juna, suna iya amfani da kalmomi sama da ashirin, kowane ɗayan yana da kalmomi da yawa. Abin ban sha'awa, don yin gargaɗi game da haɗari a cikin yarensu akwai kalmomi waɗanda ke nuna nisan nesa ga mai ƙaddara cikin sharuddan "nesa" da "kusa". Sun kuma gaya wa junan inda hadarin ya zo daga - ƙasa ko ta iska.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: da farko, dabbar tana nuna alama ga dangi game da yadda haɗarin yake, kuma kawai a lokacin - daga ina ya fito. Kari akan haka, masana kimiyyar sun gano cewa 'yan zubin ma sun fahimci ma'anar wadannan kalmomin a cikin tsari.
A yaren meerkats akwai kuma kalmomin da ke nuna cewa ficewa daga matsugunni kyauta ne, ko kuma, a takaice, cewa ba shi yiwuwa barin, tunda akwai haɗari. Meerkats suna barci da dare. Rayuwarsu ta musamman ce da rana. Da safe, kai tsaye bayan farkawa, wani ɓangare na fakitin yana ci gaba da tsaro, sauran mutane suna farauta. Canza mai gadi yakan faru ne bayan 'yan awanni. A cikin yanayi mai zafi, ana tilasta dabbobi su yi ramuka.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a lokacin tono, kunnuwansu kamar suna rufe don kada ƙasa da yashi su shiga cikinsu.
Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa hamada ta dare tana sanyi, kuma meerkat fur sau da yawa ba ya ba da isasshen abin sha mai kyau, dabbobi suna daskarewa, saboda haka, a cikin garken sukan yi bacci sosai da juna. Wannan yana taimaka musu ba daskarewa. Da safe, duk garken yana son tashi cikin rana. Hakanan, bayan fitowar rana, dabbobi yawanci suna tsabtace gida, suna zubar da ƙasa mai yawa, kuma suna faɗaɗa ramuka.
A cikin daji, meerkats yayi karancin shekarun rayuwa sama da shekara shida ko bakwai. Yawanci, tsawon rayuwa yana tsakanin shekaru huɗu zuwa biyar. Hakanan, meerkats suna da maƙiyan halitta da yawa, galibi suna mutuwa, amma mutuwar mutane yana ta ƙaruwa da yawa, saboda haka yawan mutanen ba sa raguwa. Don haka, mutuwar dabbobi tayi yawa, ya kai kashi 80% cikin samari da kashi 30% na manya. A cikin bauta, sun sami damar rayuwa har zuwa shekara goma sha biyu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Meerkat Gopher
Meerkats dabbobi ne masu kyautatawa. Suna yin komai a kungiyance. Suna zaune cikin manya-manyan garken, kusan 40-50 mutane. Wata ƙungiya daga meerkats na iya mamaye yanki na kusan murabba'in kilomita biyu, zauna da farauta akan ta. Akwai lokuta da yawa na ƙaura na meerkat. Dole ne su yi yawon neman abinci.
A saman garken kuwa namiji ne da na mace, mace kuma su ne ke da fifiko, kuma keɓaɓɓe suna da daraja. Mace da ke tsaye a saman kunshin tana da 'yancin haihuwa. Idan wani nau'in mutum daban, to ana iya fitar dashi har ma a tsage shi. Cubs da aka haife na iya kashe su.
Meerkats ne salon. Matan sun sami damar haihuwar zuriya sau uku a shekara. Ciki yakan wuce kwanaki 70 kacal, kuma lactation din ya kai kimanin sati bakwai. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi ɗaya na iya zama daga ƙwatan biyu zuwa biyar. Duka garken yakan lura da zuriyarsu. Membobin lanabilanci suna kawo abinci, cizo daga yara kwiyakwata, har sai sun kasance hanyoyin yin shi da kansu, kuma suna kare su ta kowace hanya. Ya kai ga cewa idan wani babban dansandan ya kai hari ga garken, kuma kowa ba shi da lokacin da zai ɓoye shi, sannan kuma manya suka rufe kansu da 'ya'yansu, kuma ta haka ne za su ceci matasa a bakin ransu.
Iyaye suna da kyau sosai a cikin makarantu, waɗanda ke bambanta yara masu ban sha'awa da sauran dabbobi, waɗanda zuriyarsu ba sa karatu a cikin tarbiyya, amma a tsarin lura da halayen iyayensu. An yi imani da cewa dalilin wannan fasalin a cikin mummunan yanayin hamada na mazauninsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tame meerkats, ba kamar meerkats na daji ba, iyaye ne marasa kyau. Suna iya barin theira cubanyansu. Dalilin shi ne cewa dabbobi suna ba da iliminsu ga sabon tsara ta hanyar horo, kuma yana taka rawa sosai a cikin meerkats fiye da ilhami.
Abokan gaban magabatan meerkats
Hoto: Meerkat Cubs
Sizearancin girman dabbobi yana sa su zama waɗanda ke cikin masu hasashen da yawa. A ƙasa, dawakai suka fara cin naman daji. Daga sama suna fuskantar barazanar gaggafa da mikiya da sauran tsuntsayen ganima, musamman gaggafa, wadanda suke cin karensu ba kan kananan bawo ba har ma a kan manya manya. Wani lokacin manyan macizai na iya shiga ciki don burushi. Misali, muryar sarki tana iya jin daɗin ba kawai makaho mai kurciya ba, har ma da kusan manyan mutane - waɗanda suke tare dasu zasu iya jurewa.
Bugu da kari, meerkats dole ne suyi fada ba kawai tare da masu farautar ba, har ma da danginsu. A zahiri, su kansu maƙiyi ne na halitta. An yi imani cewa garken meerkats da sauri suna cin abincin da ke akwai a cikin gundumar kuma suna lalata yankin mazaunin su. Kuma saboda wannan, dangi suna tilastawa kullun yin yawo daga wani wuri zuwa wani.
Wannan yana haifar da yaƙe-yaƙe na kabilanci a kan ƙasa da kuma saman sansanin abinci. Yaƙe-yaƙe na dabbobi suna da ƙarfi sosai, kowane yanki na biyar da ke faɗa yana mutu a cikinsu. A lokaci guda, mace tana kiyaye mahimmin abin da yake so musamman idan an samu wata mace ta mutu, abokan gaba sukan kashe duk zubinsu ba tare da banbanci ba.
Meerkats sun shiga cikin yaƙin kawai tare da wakilan irin nasu. Daga mafarautan suna ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa a mafaka ko gudu. Lokacin da maharbi ya bayyana a fagen hangen nesan sa, dabbar za ta ba da labarin wannan ga dangi da murya domin duk garken ya kasance cikin masaniya kuma zai iya tserewa
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Iyalin Meerkat
Duk da yawan mace-macersa, meerkats sune jinsin dake da ɗan ƙaramar haɗarin halaka. A yau, a zahiri ba su cikin haɗari, kuma yawan jinsunan suna da kwanciyar hankali. Amma a lokaci guda, tare da haɓaka aikin gona a hankali a wasu ƙasashe na Afirka ta Kudu, mazaunin dabbobi yana raguwa, yanayin mazauninsu na da damuwa.
Wataƙila ƙarin shigar ɗan adam zai iya tsananta halin. Amma yayin da meerkats ya kasance na jinsin wadatacce kuma ba a cikin su a cikin ɗaya daga cikin Litattafai na Red ba. Babu matakan da ayyuka da aka ɗauka don kare da kare waɗannan dabbobin.
Matsakaicin yawan dabbobi zai iya kaiwa mutum 12 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. Mafi kyawun ra'ayi daga matsayin masana kimiya ana daukar su yawan mutane 7.3 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. Tare da wannan darajar, yawan meerkat ya fi tsayayya wa cataclysms da canjin yanayi.
Dabbobi suna da sauƙin hora, saboda haka galibi suna zama kayayyaki a ƙasashen Afirka da yawa. Cire wadannan dabbobin daga cikin daji kusan babu wani tasiri ga yawan jama'arsu saboda girman su. Sanannen abu ne cewa Meerkat ba tsoron mutane. Sun saba da yawon bude ido har suka kyale kansu su buge. Suna kusantar mutum ba tare da tsoro ba, kuma suna ɗokin karɓar “kyaututtuka” masu dadi daga wurin yawon bude ido.
Abinci da tsarin abinci
Meerkats makiyaya ne, kuma babban abincinsu kwari ne da sauran wuraren motsa jiki. Suna jin daɗin ci da shayarwa, da kwai na tsuntsaye, da ƙanana da ƙanana. Abilityarfin ikon meerkats na cin dabbobin da gubarsa zata iya kashewa mutane sanannu ne. Sun sami nasarar farauta kunamai, suna cin su tare da glandar guba. Wasu macizai masu dafi ma ba za su iya k themselves are kansu daga wannan ba, ko da yake manyan layun suna jefa haɗarin mutum ga dabbobi. Meerkats sha musamman da wuya, da gamsu da danshi kunshe ne a cikin abinci.
Meerkats suna da metabolism sosai: a daren suna ƙona adadin kuzari kuma suna asarar kusan 5% na nauyin jikinsu, saboda haka suna cin dabbobi da yawa. Masu binciken sun gano cewa wani meerkat da ya girma yana cin abinci na kimanin kayan abinci 30 a cikin awa daya bayan ciyarwa.
A lokacin rani, a lokacin damina, meerkats ba su da ƙarancin abinci: ƙasa tana cike da matattun kwari waɗanda ke yawo a saman ƙasa, kuma idan sun haƙa, to zurfin zurfin ne. Saboda haka, dabbobin ba sa buƙatar motsawa daga rami, kuma suna farauta kusa da gidan. Kowane meerkat yana samun nasa abincin, manya basa raba abin da suka ci tare da juna, amma yara abubuwa ne daban. Saurayi sun fara rakiyar tsofaffi akan farauta tun suna wata daya, kuma duk yan gidan suna ciyar dasu. A farko, tsoffin meerkats suna ba 'yan sanduna ɗanɗano na larvae mai laushi, sannu a hankali koya musu farauta manyan invertebrates, gami da kunama, sannan zazzagewa.
Yayin ciyarwa, 'ya'yan kungiyar dole ne su “tsaya akan agogo” domin su lura da yadda mai son ya saba da lokaci. Don samun kyakkyawar hangen nesa, meerkats suna hawa dutse, kututture har ma da shuki, kuma suna iya daidaitawa akan rassan bakin ciki, suna tsaye a kafafunsu na baya. Lokacin da haɗari ya kusanto (maƙiyi ko wani rukuni na meerkats), mai lura yana sanar da ƙungiyar duka game da shi tare da sigina na musamman.
Da farkon lokacin bazara, ya zama da wuya ga meerkats don samun abincin da ke ɓoye zurfin cikin ƙasa. Dole ne su bar ramin don nesa mai nisa - 2-3 ko fiye da kilomita, yawancin lokaci suna kai hari kan maƙwabta. Dangantaka tsakanin dabbobi akan ciyarwa sun zama tsayayye - suna iya ɗaukar abinci daga junan su ko da daga sanduna. Wannan halin shine halayyar mace mafi rinjaye idan tana da ciki. A wannan lokaci na shekara ne dabbobi guda ɗaya ke mutuwa, waɗanda aka tilasta su lokaci guda don neman abinci, sa ido ga masu farauta da guje wa haɗuwa da 'yan uwan masu rikici.
Aiki
Meerkats dabbobi ne masu fargaba: suna kwana a cikin ɓoyewa, suna kwancewa da juna kuma suna yin ɗumi da zafi tare. Bayan fitowar rana, dabbobin sun bayyana a farfajiya kuma ana ɗauke su don tsabtace gidan. Abinda ya wuce gona da ƙasa an watsar da shi, an tsabtace hanyoyin shiga rami kuma a faɗaɗa su. Baya ga tsaftacewa, wajibcin safe yana wajaba da rana. Meerkats suna tsaye a kan kafafunsu na baya, suna juya kawunansu zuwa ga rana su tsaya, suna haskakawa cikin haskoki. Fatar jikinsu tana da duhu kuma gashi tana da lafiyayye, don haka suna ɗumi da sauri. Bayan hanyoyin safe, sai dangi su tafi ciyarwa. Idan wurin da abincin meerkats ya yi nisa da rami, sai su dawo dashi kawai da yamma, suna hutawa a rana a cikin inuwar bishiyoyi ko a cikin wani tsari na ɗan lokaci kusa da wurin ciyar. Lokacin da ciyarwar ta isa kusa da gidan, siesta na rana yana faruwa a cikin rami na asalin.
Vocalization
Meerkats halittu ne marasa magana akan magana. A lokacin ciyarwa, musamman ma a cikin ciyawa masu tsayi, suna kulawa da juna ta yau da kullun, suna yin sautikan da suke shuru. Idan akwai haɗari, meryk meerkat yana kururuwa da ƙarfi ba zato ba tsammani, ƙwararrun cuba cuban macen. Sau da yawa dabbobi kan yi magana da 'yan uwan su gaba ɗaya “jumlolin” wanda ya ƙunshi alamun 2-4.
Habitat, mazauni
Mahalli shine Kudancin Afirka: Namibia, Afirka ta kudu, Botswana, Angola, Lesotho. Mafi yawan lokuta ruwan daji na kowa ne a cikin hamada Kalahari da Namib. Suna zaune a cikin manyan filaye, hamada, kusan babu itatuwa da bishiyoyi. Fi son bude filayen, savannas, ƙasa tare da ƙasa mai ƙarfi. Irin wannan yankin ya fi dacewa da aikin rami rami da bincike na abinci.
Halin zamantakewa
Har zuwa kwanan nan, an yi nazarin meerkats musamman mawuyacin hali, kodayake, lura da dogon lokaci na dabbobi da aka yiwa alama a Kudancin Afirka ta amfani da hanyoyin bincike na zamani sun sami damar sanin waɗannan dabbobin.
Babban tsarin ɓangare na yawan meerkat shine dangi wanda tsayayyen sarauta ke mulki. Dukkanin mace tana kulawa da duk rayuwar dangi: ta zabi ramin da gidan zai zauna, wurin ciyar, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, kawai tana da 'yancin ta haifi' ya'ya.
Mafi girman maza an yanke hukunci ne a cikin mu'amala tsakanin maza, a matsayinka na mai mulki, shi ne ya kera ma'aurata tare da babbar mace kuma ya zama mahaifin duk jariran da aka haife ta. Ma'auratan na iya yin mulkin shekaru da yawa, kuma dangin zasu girma saboda zuriyarta. Yawan dabbobi a cikin dangi yawanci sun kai mutum 30, ƙananan rukunin meerkat suna da matukar rauni ga masu hasara, kuma manyan iyalai (sama da dabbobi 40) suna da wahalar kiyaye haɗin kai.
Iyalin meerkat suna da ƙanshin rukuni, wanda aka samu ta hanyar sa alama tare da dabbobi. Membobin kungiyar suna yin komai tare - a lokaci guda suna ciyarwa da hutawa, a hankali suna kulawa da yara kuma suna aiki a zaman gaba daya a kan makiya. Yayin ciyarwa, dole ne dangi ya kafa '' wasiƙu ', waɗanda ke lura da abubuwan da ke kewaye kuma suka yi gargaɗi a game da kusancin maƙiyin. Ma'aikatan na lura da jariran, kuma ba mata kadai ba, har ma da maza na iya yin aikin yi. Yin ango yana da mahimmanci a cikin al'umman meerkat - dabbobi ba wai kawai sun 'yantar da junan su daga cututtukan fata ba, tarurrukan dangi sun fi yawa don irin wannan aiki.
Kowane rukunin meerkat yana manne wa takamaiman yanki mai kariya. Girman yankuna na iyalai daban-daban suna rayuwa, alal misali, a Kalahari, mita 1 zuwa 3. km, kowane yana da aƙalla ramuka 5 waɗanda suka dace da rayuwar dangi. Ramin, musamman da aka haƙa a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, na iya mamaye yanki na 25 × 32 m, babbar cibiyar sadarwa ce ta manyan ofisoshin kwalliya tare da kyamarori kuma har ya zuwa ɗaruruwan fitarwa. Matsakaicin, kodayake, burrows yana rufe yanki na 5 × 5 m kuma suna da fice 15. A cikin zurfin rami tafi mita 1.5-2, sabili da haka zazzabi a ciki yana da daidaito kuma ya kasance cikin kewayon 22-25. Iyalin za su iya zama a cikin rami guda da yawa na watanni, amma, yalwata fleas da ticks suna tilasta dabbobi su canza gidansu a kai a kai. Canji sau da yawa yakan faru ne kafin bayyanuwar zuriyar babbar mace, a lokuta ne na musamman ƙungiyar ta motsa idan akwai jarirai a cikin burrow. A lokacin da "motsi zuwa wani sabon gida", matasa 'yan cuban wasan suna ɗaukar a cikin hakora daga cikin manyan' yan uwa. Ana nuna alamar a kusa da ramuka tare da asirin gland na musamman.
Rikice-rikice a cikin bazara, lokacin da abinci ya yalwatacce, da wuya ya faru. Iyalai za su iya ciyar da nisan nisan mita ba tare da lura ba, ko watsi da juna. A cikin tarurruka a yankin kan iyaka, kungiyoyi sun iyakance ga ma'amala kan iyakokin al'ada.
Tare da farko na hunturu, abinci yana zama ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma iyalan meerkat na iya mamaye sauran yankuna na ƙasa. Lokacin da masu aika sako suka lura da baƙi, sai suka yi ƙara mai daɗin sauti, da kuma dabbobin kungiyar, da wutsiyoyi sama da kawunansu, suka yi kaurin suna a kafada, kafada da kafada suna kare yankin. Bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan na takaddama, ɗaya daga cikin dangin ya gaggauta zuwa harin. Kowane ɗayan rukunin yana jin ƙarfin zuciya a cikin yankinsa, kuma galibi baƙi waɗanda ba a gayyata ba kai tsaye suna tashi. Yaƙe-yaƙe na jini da wuya su kasance tsakanin ƙungiyoyi masu daidaitattun lambobi masu daidaitawa, amma idan dangin sun girma sosai a lokacin bazara, yana neman faɗaɗa yankinsa. A irin waɗannan halayen, faɗa na iya zama mai zafin gaske har ma ya haifar da mutuwar wasu dabbobi. Meerkats musamman basu da son kai don kare burrows tare da san su a cikinsu, saboda sasan da suka bari a baya za a kashe baƙi.
Idan a cikin lokacin rigar da yawa an kafa sabbin rukunin meerkats, to a cikin hunturu sake raba wurare bai zama tilas ba, wanda zai kasance tare da fadace-fadace masu zafi.
Abincin Meerkat
A cikin mazaunan kyawawan mur mai kyandir, akwai adadi mai yawa na sauran wakilan fauna da za su iya cin riba. Suna cinye ƙwaro iri-iri, tururuwa, larvae, milipedes a matsayin abinci. Kusan za a iya farauta kunama da gizo-gizo. Tsayayyar macijin kunama da yawancin kamshi da ke tattare da kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta. Hakanan zasu iya ciyar da kananzoma kadan - lezards, macizai, kananan tsuntsaye. Wani lokacin kuma ana rugurguza kawunan waɗancan tsuntsayen da ke sauka a ƙasa da ciyawar.
An yi kuskuren imani da cewa meerkats na rigakafi ga wuraren maciji. Idan wani maciji mai daɗin cizo ya ci myrrh - zai mutu, amma hakan ba zai faru ba. Meerkats dabbobi ne masu yawan lalata, kuma idan suka yi faɗa da maciji suna nuna ɓacin ransu. Yana da matukar wahala a ciji wani meerkat saboda yawan motsin su, kuma a mafi yawancin lokuta, macizai sun rasa kuma suna cin kansu. Abubuwan da ke cikin ruwan sanyi na tsire-tsire - ganye, mai tushe, rhizomes da kwararan fitila suma zasu iya shiga abinci.
Kiwo da zuriya
Tashin hankali mai walƙiya ya kai ga balaga har ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Mace mai cikakkiyar lafiya na iya kawo litter 4 zuwa shekara guda, kowannensu na iya samun puan tsana bakwai. Meerkats suna cikin haihuwar daga watan Satumba zuwa Maris.
Mace mai ciki tayi tsawon kwana 77. 'Ya'yan anya-yara an haife su makaho da marasa taimako. Theaukar nauyin jariri meerkat kamar gram 30 ne.
Da haihuwa yakai sati biyu, meerkats suka bude idanunsu suka fara koyan balaga. Insectsanan ƙananan kwari a cikin abincinsu sun fara bayyana bayan watanni biyu. Da farko, mahaifiyar da sauran membobin shiryawar suna ciyar da 'ya'yan, sannan suka fara farauta da kansu. Tarbiyyar matasa matasa sun ta'allaka ne a kan manyan 'yan'uwansu maza da mata. Suna lura da samari na yara, shirya wasanni da kariya daga yiwuwar haɗari daga masu hasara.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Matan mata ne kaɗai ke iya kawo zuriya. Wasu mata wasu lokuta suna yin juna biyu, wanda hakan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin kabilu.
Itatuwan bishiyoyi na manya masu tsufa suna horar da dabbobi, kuma wannan yana faruwa ta hanya mai nisa. Puan puan tsana da ke balaga suna biye da manya akan farauta. Da farko suna ciyar da riga an kashe ganima, sa’annan aka cire su, amma har yanzu suna raye. Don haka, yara sun koyi kama da ma'amala da ganima, sun saba da sabon abinci. Sannan manya kawai suna lura da ci gaban matasa ne, suna taimakawa a wasu lokuta da ba kasafai ba zasu iya jure wa mafi girma ko fiye da bala'in farauta, wanda matashin bazai iya jure wa kansa ba. Kawai tabbatar da cewa dan zai iya jimre wa kanshi, an bashi damar farauta da kansa.
A yayin horo, tsofaffin yara suna ƙoƙarin "ba da sani" ga matasa tare da duk wani abin da zai iya ci - macizai, mashahuran, gizo-gizo, santinai. Ba zai yuwu ba ga babban meerkat mai zaman kanta ta rasa yadda za a yi a bi da wata ko abokin hamayya mai cin nama. Balagagge meerkats na iya barin dangi ya yi kokarin kafa dangin nasu. A wannan yanayin, bayan ya tafi, an bayyana shi a matsayin wani nau'in abin sayarwa daga danginsa - an gane su baƙi ne kuma, lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin dawowa, za a fitar da su ba da jinƙai daga yankin.
Batutuwan iyali
Meerkats dabbobi ne na ƙasa, girman mazaunin su shine 5 sq Km
Suna zaune a cikin al'ummomi (iyalai). 20 - yawan dabbobi da suka saba a cikin kungiyar. Koyaya, adadin wasu al'ummomin galibi ya kai mutum 40 ko fiye. Matsakaicin jima'i a cikin ƙungiyar kusan daidai yake. Akwai keɓance ɗaya tak na maza da mata. Shugaban a cikin iyali shi ne mace, wanda ya zaɓi biyu daga cikin manyan maza. A cikin babban iyali, a matsayin mai mulkin, kawai rinjaye biyu haifar.
Meerkats suna da matukar tasiri - mace zata iya haihuwar zuriya har zuwa sau hudu a shekara. Ciki yakan wuce sati 11. Mafi yawan lokuta ana haihuwar sa 4a 4, wanda ke gudanar da duk ɗaukacin al'ummomin yankin. Da farko, daukacin dangi suna ciyar da jarirai da kwari da larvae, kuma idan suka girma kadan, tsofaffi suna koyar da su yadda ake farauta da yadda zasu sarrafa abin da suka kamace su.
Kulawar yara
Matasa meerkats suna ba da dukkan lokacinsu na kyauta don koyan wasannin. Abubuwan da suka fi so a baya suna kamawa, suna karo da juna, suna faɗa. Sau da yawa sukan ƙunshi manya a cikin wasannin su.
Meerkats son wasanni
Meerkats yana mutunta dabi'un dangi. Akwai lokuta da yawa na halin tashin hankali a cikin alumma. Meerkats sun san cewa kasancewa mafi haɗin kai dangi shine, mafi kyawun rayuwarsu ga membobinta. Dangane da nazarin kimiyya, dabbobi da aka haɓaka a cikin manyan al'ummomi sun fi ƙoshin lafiya da ƙarfi fiye da takwarorinsu daga ƙananan rukuni, saboda a cikin manyan kabilu, an fi wadatar da yara abinci. Wannan babban ruhi na tattara hadin kai shima halayen wasu dabbobi ne, alal misali, chimpanzees, zakuna, karnukan Afirka.
Gwanaye Masu Gaggawa
Wadannan dabbobin mafarauta ne da wadanda abin ya shafa. Kamar yadda mafarauta, suke nutsar da kawunansu a cikin yashi don zuwa kasan kwari, kwari da geckos. Kuma kamar yadda wadanda abin ya shafa, ana tilasta su koyaushe, cikin lokaci domin lura da manyan masu farautar - damisa, jakoki, macizai, da kuma kallon sararin samaniya don kar su zama masu farautar tsuntsayen dabbobin. Kadai, meerkat da alama ba zai iya rayuwa a irin wannan yanayin ba. Saboda haka, dabbobin suna kirkiro manyan yankuna kuma suna warware matsalolin su tare, suna rarraba nauyi.
Duk meerkat da neman abinci lokaci zuwa lokaci yakan tashi zuwa kafafunsa masu kafafu tare da yin bincike game da kewaye. Kari kan hakan, kowace al'umma a ko yaushe tana sanya shingayen tsaro a wani wuri mai tsayi, alal misali, akan tarin tsararru na lokaci. Dubi hoton mai tsaron meerkat - ya sami kyakkyawan matsayi mai lura kuma yana neman masu farauta a sararin sama.
Idan sararin samaniya ta bayyana, mai gadi yana yin sauti mai daɗaɗa. Idan ya ga haɗari, sautin ya zama matsananciyar firgita, firgita kuma ɗaukacin kamfanin nan da nan suka tashi da gudu, suna neman mafaka.
Meerkat akan sintiri
Idan jakal din ya kai hari kan meerkat, sai su hau kan mai laifin tare da garken, suna haƙo haƙoransu, suna goge gashin su kuma suna jujjuya su daga gefe zuwa gefe. Idan abokan gaba ba su amsa ba, sukan miƙe kawunansu kuma suka tofa masa asiri, suna ƙoƙari su kori abokan gaba ta wannan hanyar. Amma idan wannan bai taimaka ba, ana amfani da maƙallan haƙora da hakora. Dabbobin sun yi birgima a bayan dawakin, suna tono a cikin ta tare da roko da hakora.
Idan rana ta fadi, sanyi yayi sanyi, amma meerkats baya cikin gaggawa a gidan su, sai dai su fantsama kan mayafi su rungumi juna
Haɗin kai mai amfani na yau da kullun
A cikin yankuna guda ɗaya inda meerkats suke zaune, an samo launin mongoose (Cunictis penicillata), wanda yayi kama da kare mai kyan gani. Babu wata gasa ta abinci tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu, tunda rawaya mongoose yana ciyar da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan kwari - mice, tsuntsaye, amphibians. Bugu da kari, kewayon mongoose yafi fadi fiye da dangin sa. Mongoose yana aiki da dare. Godiya ga dogayen lamuransu da kunnuwansu, kariya daga yashi, meerkats da mongooses rawaya suna daidai dacewa da ramuka. Koyaya, suna samar da wannan aikin da sikandir ɗin daji (Xerus inauris). Sau da yawa dukkan nau'ikan ukun suna zama tare, a cikin gida guda. Kowa ya amfana daga wannan: meerkats suna da alhakin aminci na mahalli, mongooses rawaya saboda saurin haɓaka zuriya suna haɓaka girman al'umma bisa ga karin magana "Mutane da yawa suna gani da yawa", da tudu kuma suna ba kowa gida.
Meerkats suna daidai tamed. A wasu ƙasashen Afirka ta Kudu, ana tsare su a gida don kama maciji da macizai.
Meerkats sun dace sosai ga rayuwa a zaman fursuna kuma ana iya tarko cikin sauki, suna da farin jini, masu aiki, masu son magana, masu wasa da soyayya, kamar dai kittens, kuma suna wanzuwa har zuwa tsufa (kuma waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa cikin bauta fiye da shekaru 12). Wadannan halaye suna sa meerkat kyakkyawa sosai don amfanin gida. Amma tun da ana amfani da waɗannan dabbobin don zama cikin manyan iyalai a cikin yanayi, yana da kyau ku fara ba ɗaya ba, amma meerkats guda biyu, idan ba ku son karɓar zuriya daga gare su, zaku iya samun jinsi ɗaya. Tare, kananan dabbobi ba za su taɓa zama mai gundura ba - a koyaushe akwai wani da za a yi wasa da shi da kuma wanda zai kula da shi - don meerkats wannan yana da mahimmanci. Wani mutum don meerkat aboki ne, amma har yanzu ba zai iya maye gurbin danginsa ba.
Yin wanka
Jawo Meerkat yana da datti, musamman idan dabba tana tafiya akan titi. Wanke ƙafafunku na dabbobi bayan kowace tafiya. Kuma aƙalla sau ɗaya a wata, meerkat zai buƙaci wanka yayin amfani da shamfu mai laushi. Ana yin wannan mafi kyau a cikin wankin a ƙarƙashin rafin ruwan dumi. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa ruwan ba ya shiga cikin kunnuwan dabba, in ba haka ba sakamakon ba zai zama mafi jin daɗi (watakila ma dole ne ka nemi likitan dabbobi). Masu iyo daga cikin ruwa ba su da mahimmanci, don haka bai kamata a bar su su yi iyo ba tare da yardar rai ba a cikin ruwa. Bayan hanyoyin ruwa, kar a bar dabba ta zaga kusa da gidan, da farko a goge ta da tawul, sannan sai a busar da bushe tare da mai gyara gashi.
Tafiya a cikin iska
A cikin yanayi mai kyau, zaku iya tafiya tare da meerkat. Wannan lamari ne mai matukar ban sha'awa. Don kada dabbar ta gudu, ya zama dole a yi tafiya a kanta kawai a kan dokin (kayan doki ya dace da matattarar matasa). Suna tafiya tare da meerkat kawai a cikin lokacin dumi.
Dole ne a ɗauka a zuciya cewa yin tafiya tare da meerkat mai yiwuwa ne kawai bayan duk allurar rigakafin (daga annoba da zomo). Meerkats ana alurar riga kafi kamar yadda ferrets.
Idan meerkat yana tafiya akan titi, kuma idan karnuka ko karnuka har yanzu suna zaune a gidanka, ya kamata a kula da meerkat don ƙwararrun daskararrun boka.
Yadda ake ciyar da meerkat
Meerkats ba zaɓaɓɓu bane game da abinci, kuma samar da abincin da ya dace don ƙarancin ɗan'uwan ku ba zai zama da wahala ba.
Ba a samar da abinci na musamman na meerkats ba, amma zaku iya basu abincin da aka tanada don karnuka ko kuliyoyi, amma masu inganci ne kawai.
Nama dole ne a haɗo cikin abincin meerkat - ɗanye ko naman saɓin da aka dafa, kaza, ƙanana, zomo. Amma bayar da nama shi kaɗai ba daidai ba ne. Akwai furotin mai yawa a ciki, kuma babu isassun sauran abubuwa masu amfani, bitamin da ma'adanai.
A cikin kantunan dabbobi, abinci na yau da kullun ana samunsa (crickets, baranya, zofobas, tsutsotsi na gari). Su ma dole ne a sanya su cikin abincin abincin abincin dabbobi.
Yarinya da masu balaguro har zuwa watanni biyar suna ciyar da sau 4 a rana, matasa dabbobi daga watanni 5 zuwa 10 - sau 3 a rana, dabbobi manya sun isa su ciyar sau 2 a rana. Meerkats, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su da hali na wuce gona da iri, kuma ba sa cin abinci fiye da abin da ake buƙata.
Matsakaicin abincin abincin shuka a cikin abincin meerkat ya kamata ya zama mai sakaci. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da berries (apples, ayaba, mangoes, persimmons, watermelons, strawberries, cherries, da dai sauransu) an yanke su a kananan ƙananan. Grated ko kayan lambu mai yankakken (wani ban da dankali) za'a iya haɗe shi da nama mai abinci.
A matsayin kari ga babban abincin, ana bayar da rabin tafasasshen kwai kaza sau ɗaya a mako, kuma kwai kwandon kwalliya (raw can) sau 2-3 a mako.
Daga samfuran kiwo, zaka iya ba wasu lokuta kefir mai-mai, cuku mai gida, yogurt.
Me ba za a iya ciyar da meerkat ba?
Abincin mai, har ma da madara da kirim mai tsami, bai kamata a ba su ba don meerkats - jikin mai ɗaukar nauyi ya ɗauke su. An haramta cin nama mai kiwo da kaji (naman alade, rago, goro, duke) da abincin ɗan adam irin su sausages, naman da aka sha da sauran kayayyakin da ke ɗauke da soya, gishiri, kayan ƙanshi da abubuwan adana an hana su. Bugu da kari, ba zaku iya bayar da namomin kaza ba, kwayoyi, albasa da tafarnuwa.
Na dabam, ya kamata a faɗi game da ciyar da kifin meerkat. Dole ne ku yi hankali sosai a nan. Wannan abincin ba sabon abu bane ga meerkats, kuma yawancin nau'ikan sun ƙunshi abubuwan da ke cutar dabbobi - trimethylamine oxide da thiaminase. Lokaci-lokaci, ana iya ba da meerkats kifin ruwan hoda, planten, launin toka, kifin mashin, omul, kifin salam, kifin kifi, da kuma kifin kifi. Ya kamata a dafa kifin kuma a cire kasusuwa duka a ciki.
Meerkat aminci a Gida
Lokacin kiyaye meerkat a gida, da farko, kuna buƙatar kulawa da amincin gidan dabbobi.
- Dabbobin da ba su san hawa ba suna ƙaunar bincika ɓarnatattun abubuwa inda kawai za su iya rarrafe, don haka haɗarin an sare su. Rufe duk hanyoyinda suke da haɗari, kullun ninkawa da kuma buɗe matattar gado.
- Don guje wa hatsarori, dabbobin ba za su sami damar zuwa baranda ba a buɗe, kuma dole ne a sa raga mai sauro a kan windows.
- Duk magungunan cikin gida ya kamata a ɓoye su a cikin wurin da dabba ba zai yiwu ba.
- Kananan sassa, beads, maballin, zaren da dai sauransu. kada ta kasance a wani wuri mai sauƙin mage ga dabba. Wannan ya shafi sharar kitchen, musamman tsaba.
- Kafin kunna na'urar wankewa, kar a manta da dubawa idan dabbar ka ba ta gamsu da ita.
- Kowane lokaci, rufe ƙofar, tabbatar cewa babu wani ƙaramin abin hannu da ke kusa.
- Karka taba bayar da meerkat ko maganin mutum ko magani wanda akayi nufin wasu dabbobi. Karka yi kokarin kula da dabbar don wani abu - yana da kyau ka sami gogaggen dabbobi masu ƙwararru kan ƙwararrun dabbobi a gaba.
Shin yana da wuya a ci gaba da irin wannan ɗan abin dabbobi kamar meerkat a gida? Tabbas ba mai sauki bane kamar yana iya ga wanda ba a san shi ba. Kafin ku sami wannan kyakkyawan mutumin a gida, ku auna nauyi da abin da ake so. Takeaukar dabba a cikin gidan koda yaushe nauyi ne da wasu matsaloli, musamman da farko. Kuma ɗayan dabbar da ke da wahalar gani ba abu ne mai wahala. Amma sun fi biya tare da waɗancan lokutan farin ciki da farin ciki da mala'ikan rana zai kawo muku.
Kiwo da kuma zuriya
Meerkats ya isa balaga tun yana dan shekara daya, amma a dabi'a ya fara farawa daga baya. Babban amfani a cikin haihuwa shine babba mace. Idan 'yanmata sun fito daga ɗayan olderya daughtersyanta, za ta iya kashe su, ko kuma ta kori “mai laifi” daga cikin rukuni, ko canja wurin duka rukuni zuwa wani rami, da barin mahaifiyar da aka yi haƙo da witha babiesan.
Mace na da ikon samar da offspringan har sau 4 a shekara, kodayake, a mafi yawan lokuta, haihuwar ta keɓe zuwa lokacin bazara, lokacin damuna kuma yana faruwa daga Oktoba zuwa Maris. Sakamakon ciki, wanda yakai tsawon kwanaki 70-75, daga tsayi 2 zuwa 5 na nauyin 25-30 g ya bayyana a cikin ramin .. Bayan ciyar da jariran, mahaifiya tafi farauta tare da kungiyarta, kuma '' yar '' ta kasance tare da yaran, wanda baya barinsu. har zuwa dawowar sauran membobin kungiyar. Yara suna ciyar da madara ba kawai mahaifiyar ba, har ma da wasu mata na rukuni, kuma don meerkats irin wannan sabon abu kamar yadda aka bayyana allolactation: madara ta bayyana a cikin matan.
Idanun ‘ya’yan suna budewa a ranakun 10-14, amma sun bar ramin kawai makonni 3 bayan haihuwa. Wani satin tare da su ya rage har zuwa rana daga cikin membobin kungiyar, kuma yayin da suka kai wata daya, yaran suna farauta tare da manya. Manyan membobin rukunin suna ba su farkon gwada larvae, kuma daga baya kawo mafi girman ganima. Ana nuna halin Meerkats ta hanyar koyar da matasa: yara ba wai kawai lura da farauta bane, dattawa suna nuna musu yadda ake yin su. A lokaci guda, manya suna tantance matsayin karatun jariri don jimre wa wani da aka azabtar da sautinsa. Abincin abinci na madara ya daina yana da shekaru bakwai zuwa bakwai.
Kwanaki 2-3 bayan haihuwar jarirai, mace kuma ta sake yin shiri domin matse. A wannan lokacin, mafi girman maza na kungiyar ba su rabu da ita ba kuma suna kiyayewa a hankali daga wasu maza. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da akwai abinci mai yawa a kusa, maza masu girma daga ƙungiyoyi maƙwabta na iya dogaro da dangi mai shayarwa, suna jawo hankalin mata, amma babbar mace na iya zuwa wurinsu "a ranar". Bayan ma'aurata, waɗannan maza sun koma ga danginsu, amma wani lokacin sukan jagoranci youngan mata sannan daga baya aka kafa sabon gidan meerkat.
Tsawon rayuwa
Babban makiyan meerkats a cikin yanayi sune tsuntsaye masu farauta, amma duk wani magabacin ƙasa na iya jin daɗin cikakkiyar meerkat, don haka a yanayi na meerkats da wuya yayi rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 7-8. Yara dabbobi suna mutuwa galibi: daga cikin sa 3an 3 da aka haifa, guda ɗaya ne kawai ke tsira zuwa shekara guda. A cikin zaman talala, dabbobi suna rayuwa tsawon lokaci mai tsawo: matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwar meerkats shine shekaru 12 da watanni 6.