Mulkin: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Subtype: | Vertebrates |
Fasali: | Abubuwa masu rarrafe |
Squad: | Kunkuru |
Suborder: | Crypto-kunkuru |
Iyali: | Tasar kunkuru |
Jinsi: | Madagascar kunkuru |
Duba: | Madagascar beak-chested kunkuru |
Vaillant, 1885
IUCN 3.1 Cikin matsanancin barazanar: 9016
Madagaskar , ko angonoka (lat. Asterochelys yniphora) - wani nau'in kunkuru na ƙasar. Mai fama da cutar Madagascar, nau'in halitta mai saurin faruwa. Hukumar Kula da Kayan Yaki na IUCN ta ayyana shi daya daga cikin nau'ikan dabbobi masu “cutarwa” a duniya.
Bayyanar
Babban abin wasa da ke da tsawon kwano har zuwa 45 cm (an san mutanen da suka kai rabin mitir a tsayi). Paceaƙƙarfan jirgin yana da girma sosai, tare da yin zubewa a kan kwanon roba (“beak”), wanda ke taimakawa ci gaba cikin ɓoye kuma yana hidimar maza a matsayin makamai don gwagwarmayar gasar a lokacin matsewar. Launin launuka bai zama kamar na makusantan dangi ba - wata walƙiya mai haske, amma har da rawar gani: tauraro mai launin shuɗi-mai kama da haske a fili wanda ya sha bamban da asalin launin ruwan kasa mai laushi.
Bayanin
Tsawon carapace ya kai 44.6-45 cm, nauyin kunkuru shine kilogiram 10-15. Tsarin jirgi yana da girma sosai tare da aikin plastron wanda yake hanzarta zuwa gaba, wanda ke taimakawa don motsawa cikin katako mai yawa. Carawallon fata yana da launin ruwan kasa mai laushi tare da kyakkyawan haske mai launin rawaya-kamar zane. An bambanta matasa da launi mai haske, kasancewar bayyanar haskoki da ƙyalli a pacewallon da ƙyallen ƙararraki. Maza sun fi girma fiye da mace. Wani mahimmin fasali shine kasancewar manya a cikin maza na wani nau'in "beak", ko keel, wanda "yayi girma" daga garkuwar makogwaron da ke kan filastar. Wannan samuwar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yaduwar jinsunan.
Rarraba da wurin zama
A zamanin yau, ana samun sa ne kawai a cikin karamin yanki a cikin yankin Bali Bay a arewa maso yammacin tsibirin. Lambobin sun yi kasa sosai. Matsakaicin ƙarancin yanayi a cikin yanayi ba ya wuce mutum 5 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. An kiyasta jimlar yawan jama'a a kan yanki na 100 km² a cikin mutane 250-300 kawai. Kimanin mutane 50 aka tsare a cikin bauta.
Ya fi son busassun tsire-tsire, wuraren daji na bakin ciki da rana, da kuma savannahs ciyawa na anthropogenic.
Habitat
Gaban tekun Bali Bay a arewa maso yamma na Madagascar shine kilomita 1280. Yana zaune tare da dabbobin a cikin bamboo da bushe bushe. Mazaunan tsibiran busassun bishiyoyi, dajin da aka yi da rana mai amfani da rana, da kuma savannahs ciyawa mai zaman kanta. Semi-gumi da kuma yanayin yanki mai zafi.
Fresh ganye da ciyawar ciyawa.
Kiwo
Balagagge yana faruwa a yanayi tun yana ɗan shekara 20, a ɗaurarru yana da shekara 12. Lokacin kiwo ya wuce daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu, har ya kai ganuwa a watan Nuwamba-Disamba. Abubuwan da suke kawo cikas ga haihuwa sune gasa (yaƙin) tsakanin maza. Maza suna haɗuwa da ƙoƙari don kayar da abokan gaba da ci gaban da suke samu akan plastron (ampondo). Namiji, wanda ya juya abokin gaba, ya tafi wurin mace, kuma mai rasawa ya juya ya ci gaba da neman farin ciki.
Mace suna sa fararen fata 2-6 2 masu ɗauke da sikari na 42-47mm da taro 40.5-50 a cikin wani sa'i, ana iya samun ƙarfe 7. An sanya ƙwai a cikin ɓacin rai da aka binne a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin cm cm 11. An ba da madaidaicin zuriya. Lokacin shiryawa shine daga ranakun 168 zuwa 296, gwargwadon zazzabin shiryawa.
Terrarium
Ba da daɗewa ba za a bar yawu saboda ƙarancin sa. Ana ajiye wuraren ajiye dabbobi a wani shinge mai cike da abubuwan rufe fuska, da kuma gidan da ake kulle kunkuru don dare.
Kunkuru yana cin lokaci mai yawa a rana. Matsakaicin UVI a gare su shine matsakaici 1.0-2.6, matsakaici na 2.9-7.4 (yankin 3rd na Ferguson). Hasken rana a lokacin rani - awa 12, a cikin hunturu - awa 12. A lokacin rani, zazzabi na rana shine 28-32 C tare da zazzabi a ƙarƙashin fitilar (a wurin dumama) na 35-45 C, kuma zafin jiki na dare shine 24-28 C. A cikin hunturu, 24-26 C.
.Ari
Daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba, lokacin bushewa ya fara. A wannan lokacin, kunkuru kunu suke sauka. Angonoka baya haƙa ramuka a cikin ƙasa, amma yana neman mafaka a cikin matattarar bishiyoyi masu yawa.
Dalilan da yasa jinsunan ke gab da lalacewa: “Da farko an cinye shi. Ba Malgash ba, wadancan Angonoks suna da dabbobi masu tsabta, ana kiyaye shi a farfajiyar gona a matsayin tsalle-tsalle daga cututtukan dabbobi da kaji. Larabawa ƙarni. Kuma tare da haɓakar yawan jama'a a Bali Bay, aladu sun zama maƙiyi mafi haɗari. Alade a cikin tsaunuka wata halitta ce da ba ta fi rabin-daji ba (kuma an kawo masu daji zuwa Madagascar!), bala'in muhalli na ainihi, masifa ko kuma toya da za a sami ceto daga gare ta. Shekaru 80m na angonoku na karni na XX "matsi" daga ko'ina cikin ainihin asali , wanda har yanzu ya kasance ƙarami, a cikin "keɓaɓɓe" - amma har a can adadin yana raguwa da sauri, tunda ana kuma ɗaukarsa. Duk da tsayayyen tsauraran matakan kula da kwastomomi, ainihin sharuɗɗan da mummunan gidan yarin Madagascar - ana jigilar su, musamman Sinawa da sauran matsafa. Kasuwar zoo ta Kudu ta Kudu. " A zaman wani bangare na ckin kunkuru, an zaunar dasu a cikin dazuka na Ampizuoroa, inda kunkuru yayi nasarar rayuwa kuma yayi kiwo.
Madagaskar Radiant Tortoise
Wakilan wannan nau'in a tsawonsu sun kai rabin mita. Suna da launi mai ban mamaki. Caraaurawar tana da ƙarfi sosai, baƙar fata tare da haskoki masu launin rawaya waɗanda suke kan kowace garkuwa. Tsayin jikin mutum ya kai santimita 38, da nauyi - kilo 13.
An kama kunkuru mai tsayi saboda suna da nama mai daɗi. Wannan nau'in yana da nau'in “m”. Suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na xerophytic, a cikin dazuka-kamar ciyawa masu girma. Urtar kunkuru suna cin 'ya'yan itaciyar tsire-tsire iri iri, amma ba sa ƙin abinci mai rai.
Adiaiƙai masu ƙarfi suna sa ƙoshinsu a watan Satumba. Femaleaya mace zata iya samun ƙwai 12. A cikin ɗaukar hoto, kama kama ya ƙunshi 3-6 qwai.
Dansu diamita shine 36-42 mm. Mace na yin rami kusan zurfin santimita 20 kuma yana binne ƙwai a ciki.
Taƙƙarfan kunkuru ya zama ruwan dare a kudu maso yamma da sassan kudu na tsibirin.
A farkon shekarar 1974, kunkuru mai haske yana da yawa a wuraren da ba a iya rikitarwa a Karimbolo da Mahawavi plateaus. Yawan su a yau ya ragu sosai a yamma da gabas na kewayon, wanda ya haifar ta hanyar kamun kifi sosai. Daga karni na 18 zuwa na 19, an kama waɗannan kunkuru da yawa kuma aka tura su tsibirin Mascarene, inda aka ci su.
Hakanan, kayan kwalliya ana yin su ne daga bawosu. A halin yanzu, an kafa ikon shawo kan kunkuru na kunkuru Madagascar, saboda haka cinikin su ya ragu.
A yau ana kiyaye su a tsibirin ta hanyar doka ta musamman. Bugu da kari, al'umma daya na rayuwa ne a yankin da aka kiyaye shi na yankin tafkin Tsimanam-Petsosa. Amma, duk da haka, har yanzu ana bautar da su ba bisa ka'ida ba a wasu gidajen abinci, kuma a cikin kasuwannin Tananarive da Tuliar zaka iya samun harsasai.
Saboda matsayin kariya na kunkuru mai haske, sun daina kamawa don manufar satar nama da kyawawan llsan daji.
A yawancin wuraren wasan dabbobi na duniya, kunkuru Madagascar mai nasara ana samun nasara taho. Akwai kyakkyawar gogewa game da kiwo a cikin gidajen dabbobi na Mauritius, Alkahira, Zurich da Sydney. Don kiyaye ra'ayi, ya zama dole a samar da wasu matakai na kariya don kunkuru, wanda za a lura da shi a cikin mazauninsu.