Mataimakin Hummingbird a cikin yankin Arewa. An bai wa sarki taken. Wannan tsuntsun ba ya wuce gram 7, kuma da wuya ya wuce santimita 9 a tsawon sa. Sau da yawa, wannan shine santimita 7. A cikin lardin arewa, tsuntsaye sun fi karami da wuta.
Koyaya, a cewar almara, sarakunan suna ƙanana da nesa. Sun ce yadda sau ɗaya tsuntsayen suka yi jayayya wa wanda zai iya tashi kusa da rana kusa da wasu. Kamar dai gaggafa ta fashe a cikin shugabannin. Koyaya, a ƙarshen lokacin, sarki ya tashi daga ƙarƙashin fikafikashinsa, yana sama da mai ƙaddara.
Bayani da sifofin sarki mai launin shuɗi
Baya ga almara, sunan girman tsuntsu ya barata ta hanyar canza launi. A kansa sarki ya haskaka wani shuɗi mai haske mai haske kamar dokin sarauta. Abubuwan ban mamaki da "shimfiɗa" tsuntsaye. Plarfin launin toka mai launin toka ta zama kan zaitun.
A cikin ciki akwai tabarau mai launin shuɗi. Fuka-fukan suna da launi, suna da fararen fata da baƙi. A ƙarƙashin "kambi" na tsuntsaye, ta hanyar, akwai kuma tabo na baki.
Sarauniya mai launin rawaya-ƙanƙani kamar ƙaramin ɗan Adam
Sarauniya mai launin shuɗi m, tunatar da kwallon. Gashin tsuntsu yayi laushi. Wannan da girman sarki yasa ya zama kamar abin wasa. Tana da idanu baki mai duhu, hanci baki mai hanci sosai.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da sarki mai launin shuɗi
Korolkovye - duka iyali. Dukkanin tsuntsayen da suke cikinta sun mallaki yadda abubuwa ke gudana. Korolkovsky a ciki 7 jinsuna. Rawaya-kai shine ɗayansu. A cikin Rasha, akwai wani - mai launin ja. An jera shi a cikin Littafin Ruwa. Sauran sarakunan gida a Turai, Asiya, Amurka ta Tsakiya.
Yellow Shugaban Sarki Weight - ba banda ba a cikin dangi. Atureanƙantar da duk tsuntsayen da ke ciki. Akwai mutane masu nauyin 5 kawai.
Abincin Bird
Menene masara mai launin shuɗin kai ke ci mai sauƙin fahimta, tunawa da alaƙar da yake da ita. Kamar shi, gwarzon labarin yana da iko a kan komai. Ptah na iya cin midan ƙarami, ƙananan ƙwaya da hatsi, suna son ganyayyaki masu ci, berries.
Jarumin labarin ya juya ga abinci mai sanyi don abincin shuka, lokacin da ya zama da wuya a kama kwari. A lokacin bazara, tsuntsayen fuka-fukan sun ƙi 'ya'yan itatuwa, tsaba da ganye.
Sarakuna ba su san yadda ake niƙa abinci ba, haɗiye duka suke. A rana, tsuntsu ɗaya ya kamata ya ci sau 2 da nauyinsa. Wannan ita ce kudin ƙaramar A cikin kankanin jiki, yana haɓaka metabolism, kuma ciki yana ƙanƙanta sosai har abincin da aka haɗo shi a lokaci ɗaya ba komai bane idan aka kwatanta da buƙatun sarki mai aiki.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Tsuntsaye masu kaifin-fure suna fara haila a lokacin bazara. A wannan lokacin, mazan suna cika “kambi zinare”, suna ratsa mata kuma suna nuna fifikon wasu mutane na maza masu ƙarfi. Ptahs sun zama m, za su iya yaƙi.
Bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin, mace ta sanya sama da qwai 10. Ganin girman sarakuna, wannan shine dutsen ado. Matan suna yin gida don kansu da kansu, suna tattara twigs, ganye, guda na haushi, cones a cikin gandun daji. Daga cikin su, qwai suna kwance makonni biyu. Sannan kajin na kyankyasai kuma sai suka dauki wani sati 3 zuwa ga reshe. Bayan sarakunan sun shiga cikin balaga, kuma iyayen sun shirya waƙa ta biyu.
Don rayuwa, wakilan nau'in suna ba da zuriya sau 3-5, suna isa ga balaga kafin shekara. Shekarun sarki sun kai shekaru 3. Wasu tsuntsaye suna rayuwa shekara 2 kawai. A cikin sel na gidaje masu zaman kansu da gidajen dabbobi, sarakuna suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 4-5. Wadancan ƙauna game da dabbobi sun fi son samun tsuntsaye waɗanda shekarunsu suka fi tsayi.
18.07.2018
Gidan sarki mai launin shuɗi (lat. Regulus regulus) na iyalin Korolkov ne (Regulidae). Wannan shi ne ɗayan mafi ƙarancin wakilai na umarnin Passeriformes akan ƙasashen Turai.
Tun daga karni na XIX, dangane da lalata gandun daji na daji, yawan jama'a ya ragu sosai, amma har yanzu yana da girma sosai. A cewar kimomi daban-daban, an kiyasta a nau'ikan kiwo miliyan 19-30. Yankin da yankin ya mamaye ya wuce murabba'in kilomita miliyan 10.
Rarraba
Sarakunan launin fata suna zaune a ko'ina cikin Eurasia, in banda Scandinavia har zuwa Urals da Asiaaramar Asiya. Ana samun jama'ar da ke keɓe cikin Altai, tsaunin Sayan, arewa maso yamma na Himalayas, tsibirin Bahar Rum, da Gabas da Japan. Yayin hijirar yanayi, mutane kan tashi zuwa kasashen Masar, China da Taiwan.
A cikin lokacin kiwo, tsuntsaye sukan zauna a cikin gandun daji masu gauraya, kuma a waje na lokacin farauta sun fi son gungumen daji da ciyayi. Nests suna cikin yankin yanayin zafi na Turai da Asiya.
A cikin yankunan kudanci, tsuntsayen suna zaune, mazaunan arewa kuma suna yin hunturu a kudu.
A cikin tsaunuka ana samun su a nisan mil 1,500 a saman matakin teku, kuma a cikin Himalayas kuma sama da 3,000 m.
Zuwa yau, an san ƙungiyoyi 15. Wannan mukamin ya zama ruwan dare a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Turai. Farar fata-da ke kan gwal (Regulus satrapa) wacce ke zaune a Arewacin Amurka a baya ana ɗaukar ta talauci ne, kuma yanzu an ɗauke ta a matsayin jinsin daban.
Halayyar
Wakilai na wannan nau'in gida inda talakawa ke fitowa (Picea abies) da fir (Abies) ke girma. Yawancin lokaci ana yawan ganin su a cikin gandun daji na Pine, Parks da lambuna.
Tsuntsayen da suke ƙaura suna iya tashi kilomita 250-800 a kowace rana tare da iska mai kyau.
Yawancin lokaci suna yin dakatarwa yayin tashin jiragen da ke kusa da gidajen mutane don neman abinci. Suna ɗaukar mutum da haƙurinsa kuma ba sa tsoron kusancinsa.
A lokacin bazara da bazara, tsuntsayen ke ciyar da kanan dabbobin da ke cikin kwari, gami da kwari, sauro da gizo-gizo. Lokaci-lokaci, ana hada ƙwayoyin bishiyar coniferous a cikin abincin. Suna ciyar da kawunansu da tsutsa-kalori mai tsayi da ƙananan arachnids (Arachnida).
A cikin hunturu, sarakuna kan nemi abinci a farfajiya na ƙasa, ba su da gajiyawa cikin duwatsun da ke ɓoye cikin neman abinci har ma da binne kansu cikin kauri dusar ƙanƙara. Yin kamun kifaye a jikin rassan, suna ta rataye kamar tsuntsaye. Don haka ya fi dacewa a neme su da neman ganima.
Sizearamar ba ta barin tsuntsu ya riƙe wanda aka kamo tare da pawsonsa ko ya tsage ta da baki, don haka ya zama dole ya ƙware a cikin kowane ƙananan abubuwa. Farauta dole ne ya sadaukar da 90% na lokacin. Ana cire ƙishirwar Bird tare da raɓa da kuma ruwan sama.
Sarki mai launin shuɗi ya shahara saboda ƙaunar tsarkakakke. Sau da yawa yakan wanke gashinsa, kuma a yayin motar ya gabatar da wannan hanyar zuwa mintina 20, kodayake yakankai kimanin minti 2-3. A cikin hunturu, ana samarwa da yawa sau da yawa, amma don fewan seconds. Yin amfani da wannan dama, mai tsabtarwa ba ya musun kansa da daɗin ɗaukar wanka a cikin dusar kankara.
Don dare, tsuntsaye suna neman rassan rassan toka, saboda ku iya ɓoyewa daga yanayin daga dukkan bangarorin. Ba sa amfani da m. A lokacin sanyi, suna matsawa sosai da juna, saboda sun tattare da dama. Don adana makamashi, zafin jikinsu yana raguwa zuwa 10 ° C, kuma ana rage haɓakar metabolism sosai.
Wannan daidaitawa yana taimaka musu su rayu dare mai sanyi lokacin da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya sauka zuwa -25 ° C.
Babban maƙiyi na halitta shine Sparrowhawk (Accipter nisus). Zuwa mafi ƙarancin, sun zama ganyen ciyawa (Falco columbarius), mujiya mai toka (Strix aluco) da mujiya mai tsayi (Asio otus).
Bayyanar
Birdan ƙaramin tsuntsu, tare da ƙari mai sihiri, mai kama da gashin tsuntsu, tare da wutsiya mai gajeru, gajeriyar wuƙa da babba. Tsayin jiki 9-10 cm, fikafikai 15 cm, nauyi 4-8 g. Isarshen itace mai ruwan kore-zaitun, ƙasan akwai launin toka mai kauri, fararen juyi biyu masu tsalle suna tsaye daga reshe. Rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da iyakokin baƙi suna gudana tare da kambi, yadudduka tare da ƙamshin orange a cikin namiji da lemon tsami a cikin mace. Lokacin da tsuntsu yayi murnar, gashin fuka-fukan zai tashi kuma ya samar da karamin crest. A kusa da ido akwai bakin fararen farin gashin fuka-fukan. Gefen yana da bakin ciki da nuna Tsuntsayen yara suna kama da manya, suna bambanta da su ta hanyar rashin raɗaɗin rawaya a kawunansu har faɗuwar farko. Kusa da launi iri ɗaya, masarautar ja, wacce aka samo akan iyakar Rasha kawai a yankin Pskov da kuma yammacin Yankin Caucasus, yana da fatar fatar ido da baki. Korolkovaya scallop, ta kowa a cikin Siberiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya, tana da gira mai rawaya, yanki mai baƙar fata a cikin ido da launin rawaya a ƙasan baya. Sanya har sau 14 na sarki-mai launin shuɗi, ya bambanta a cikin cikakkun bayanai launuka kuma, a wasu yanayi, ilimin muhalli.
Wata murya
Ana iya gano masarar sarauta ta waƙar halayyar sa, musamman idan da wuya a gano ta a saman bene na gandun daji. Bukatar da aka saba - wata siriri ce ta "qi-qi-qi", wadda ta kunshi kararraki 2-3 da kuma aikatawa a babbar sanarwa - tsofaffi da yawa basa tsinkaye sauti a cikin wannan kewayon. Waƙar wakoki ce mai ban sha'awa, ta ƙunshi madadin manyan muryoyi masu laushi "priyut-ii ... pri-tyut-ii ... priyut", a ƙarshen su akwai ɗan gajeren foil. Wannan karin waƙa, wanda ya kai har zuwa 6 seconds, yawancin lokaci ana maimaita shi sau 4-6 a jere. Wani lokaci waƙar yana gab da waƙa daga sauti ɗaya ko fiye na monosyllabic a maɓallin ɗaya.
Rekoda na yau da kullun na maza yana ci gaba a lokacin kiwo - daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa Agusta, lokacin da kajin na brood na biyu suka sami ikon tashi. Ana iya jin wakar kowane mutum a ƙarshen Fabrairu ko Maris, da kuma a watan Satumba. Waƙar tana bayyana farincikin gaba ɗaya na tsuntsu, kuma ba a danganta shi da halayen yanki ko halayen aure kawai.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Kinglet mai launin rawaya
An nada sarki mai launin rawaya a matsayin iyalin korolkovye, ɓoye abubuwan azaba da al'adun sarakuna. Kamar yadda aka riga aka fada, wannan ɗan ƙaramin mazaunin ne, galibi dazuzzuka marasa ƙarfi. Tsuntsu ya sami sunan sarauta saboda kasancewar kansa a wani shuɗi mai haske mai kama da kambi da aka yi da zinariya. A Jamus, ana kiran sarki "Cockerel gwal na hunturu", saboda yana tashi zuwa wannan ƙasa kawai lokacin hunturu. A baya, a Rasha an kira tsuntsun "Clove", a fili saboda ƙaramin sa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin mata, kayan corona suna da launin ruwan lemo mai launin shuɗi, yayin da a cikin maza launin ruwan rawaya-mai launin shuɗi. A cikin maza, yana da fadi.
Bidiyo: Kinglet-mai rawaya-kai
Duk da cewa Korolek bai fito da haɓaka ba, an kafa tatsuniyoyi game da shi. Ofayansu yana tabbatar da cirewa da ɓarna. Sun ce da zarar tsakanin tsuntsayen akwai wata muhawara game da wanne ne zai tashi kusa da rana. Da alama cewa mikiya mai girman kai tana kan gaba a wannan yaƙin, amma a ƙarshen satin na ƙarshe wani ƙaramin sarki ya tashi daga ƙarƙashin fikafikan gaggafa, yana tashi sama da tsuntsu mai ganima. Girman sarki mai launin rawaya kaɗan ne ƙanƙani. Tsawon jikin tsuntsun ya kasance daga 9 zuwa 10 cm, kuma nauyin yana daga gram 4 zuwa 8.
Ta hanyarsa, sarki-mai launin rawaya ya gaza kaɗan:
- cututtukan mahaifa
- korolechnoy ƙwanƙwasa
- sarki mai-ja.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa masu ilimin halitta sun gano rago 14 na wannan tsuntsu, wanda ya bambanta ba kawai a yankin mazaunin su ba, har ma a wasu launuka na fuka-fukin gashin tsuntsu.
Ina ne sarki-mai launin shuɗin kai yana zaune?
Hoto: Kinglet mai launin shuɗi a Rasha
Sarakunan da ke da launin rawaya sun zaɓi kusan dukkanin Eurasia, Azores da tsibirin Canary. Arewacin Yammacin Yammacin Turai, ana iya samun tsuntsaye masu farauta kusan ko'ina inda biotopes na halitta suka dace da ita. A kudu na tsuntsu zaka iya haduwa a wasu takamaiman wurare, an rarraba kewayonsa zuwa wurare daban. An samo keɓaɓɓun sarakuna a yankin Iberian Peninsula, a Italiya, a kudu maso yammacin Faransa, a Romania, a cikin Balkans. A cikin arewacin Scandinavia ba za ku sadu da sarki ba, akwai wuraren da wannan tsuntsu ya bayyana ne kawai a lokacin hunturu yayin yawo (Jamus).
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa mazaunin wannan karamin tsuntsu yana da kusan cikakkiyar daidaituwa tare da mazaunin sanannun tsiro, fir da wasu nau'ikan tsiro na Asiya.
A cikin girman ƙasarmu, sarki ya yawaita:
Yankin yankuna na Rasha ya isa yankin Nizhny Novgorod, Tambov da Penza. Sarauniya mai launin shuɗi yana zaune a cikin sararin Ukraine.
Kamar yadda kake gani, tsuntsu ya saba da yanayin dutsen, saboda haka zaka iya haduwa da shi:
Korolek yawanci yana zaune a tsaunin kusan kilomita daya da rabi, kodayake a cikin Himalayas ana iya haɗuwa da tsayin kilomita hudu, a cikin Alps na Switzerland, tsuntsaye suna tashi zuwa cikin tsaunukan sama da 2 kilomita. A yayin motsi na lokaci, ana iya saduwa da sarki a cikin sararin samaniya na Masar, China da Taiwan.
Sarakunan da ke da launin rawaya suna ba da fifiko ga gandun dazuzzuka masu tsiro, inda wasu lokuta ake samun tutocin dutse da itacen fir. A cikin gandun daji gauraye, tsuntsayen gida ba su da yawa sau da yawa, suna fifita furucin-spiduous massifs da gandunan itacen al'ul. Amma gandun daji, inda larch da pine na gama gari ke tsiro, sarki ba ya so, don haka bai taɓa zama a can ba. A cikin tsibirin Canary, tsuntsu yana zaune a cikin dajin laurel kuma a wuraren da itacen Canary ke girma. A kan iyakar Azores, sarki ya daidaita don zama a wuraren girma na itacen al'ul da katako na Jafan, saboda kusan dukkanin gandun daji na laurel da ke nan an sare su.
Me sarki mai launin shuɗi zai ci?
Hoto: Kinglet Bird-mai rawaya
Gidan menu na sarki mai launin shuɗi ya bambanta sosai, yana ɗauke da abincin dabbobi da kwanukan abinci na asalinsu. Latterarshen yana cin nasara da abinci mai gina jiki a lokutan sanyi, lokacin da ya zama da wuya a sami ƙananan dabbobi.
Don haka, ƙaramar sarki ba ta hana cizo ba:
- matafila
- aphids
- kusoshi
- gizo-gizo
- kananan kwari
- cicadas
- ckwallon ƙafa,
- caddis flies,
- m,
- sabbinna,
- haushi beetles
- kaurace sauro
- hay masu ci
- tsaba,
- berries da sauran 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Wannan karamin tsuntsu ba zai iya kama ganima mai yawa ba, sarki ba zai iya katsewa da karfi ba kamar yadda kwarara da titmouse suka saba, yakan hadiye duk wanda aka kama. M, ciyar da koroleks ana samunsa a cikin rassan coniferous, bincika a hankali da allura, fasa a cikin bawo, da sikeli na cones. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye masu fikaffi suna kamawa da gudu, suna yawo a sama, kamar hular tsuntsu. Da wuya, ƙaramin sarki ya gangara zuwa ƙasa don neman abun ciye-ciye, ya gwammace ya ɓoye kansa a kambi na itace. A yayin da jarirai masu fuka-fuka suke jin ƙishi, suna shan raɓa kuma suna amfani da ruwan sama don shaye-shaye.
Tinyarancin girman sarki yana ƙididdigar abubuwan da ake amfani da shi na abinci mai gina jiki, wanda a zahiri ba a yanke shi ba. Korolek ya ci gaba da shan abinci lokacin da yake waka kayan aikinsa kuma yana shirya yadda za'a keya. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yana da haɓakar metabolism mai sauri da ƙananan girman ciki. Abincin da aka sanya a cikin ƙaramin ciki ba zai iya cikakkiyar cikakkiyar tsuntsu mai aiki da yawa ba, saboda haka masarautar yakan ci gaba da zama mai rauni da ƙarfi. A lokacin rana, yakan ci irin wannan ƙarancin abincin da ya ninka adadinta sau biyu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan sarki ya yi matsananciyar yunwa na tsawon mintuna 12, to, nauyin jikinsa a wannan karon ya ragu da na uku. Azumi na sa'a daya na iya haifar da mutuwar tsuntsu mai fara'a.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Kinglet-mai launin rawaya daga Littafin Ruwa
Abu ne mai wahala ga kananan halittu su zauna shi kadai, saboda haka za'a iya kiran sarakuna da tsuntsayen jama'a. Sau da yawa a lokacin bacci, ana matsa su da juna su ci gaba da ɗumi. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan tsuntsaye ne masu haɓaka masu ƙarfi da haɓaka waɗanda suke motsawa koyaushe, suna farin ciki da himma da sauri a kambi na itacen.
Lokacin da aka juya, Sarakuna suna son ƙaunar dazuzzuka, inda yake da matukar wahala a lura da su a cikin rassan tsiro, saboda yanayin wadannan tsuntsaye yana da girma. Kafafun tsuntsaye masu ƙyalƙyali suna ba su damar rataye a jikin rassan har ma da kodan; a wannan lokacin, sarakuna suna kama da wasan Kirsimeti.Idan yana da wahalar ganin sarki, to ana iya samo shi ta waƙa, matuƙar sun yi yawa kuma suna kama da sautin “Qi-Qi-Qi”.
A cikin Sarakuna akwai tsuntsayen mazauna da tsuntsayen da suke ƙaura. Tsohon suna da kullun a haɗe zuwa wuri guda na turawa kuma kar ku bar shi, ƙarshen zai ƙaura daga nesa mai nisa ko ƙaura zuwa ba tsayawa mai tsawo daga wurin zamansu na dindindin ba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, tsuntsayen da ke zaune a kudu an daidaita su, kuma tsuntsayen arewa suna ƙaura. Yawancin lokaci, sarakuna ba sa barin iyakokin haɓakar dazuzzuka masu tsiro.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sarakunan ƙaura zasu iya cin nasara kilomita 200 zuwa 800 a cikin kwana ɗaya, kawai tare da iska mai kyau.
Yawancin lokaci yayin ƙaura sukan tsaya a cikin iyakokin ƙauyukan ɗan adam, inda suke hutawa da ƙarfafa kansu. Ya kamata a sani cewa ƙananan tsuntsaye ba sa jin tsoron mutane kuma suna mutunta mutane da aminci, ba sa rakiya kuma ba sa tsoron ƙafa biyu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Kinglet-mai launin shuɗi a yanayi
Lokacin bikin aure na sarakunan da ke da launin rawaya yana daga watan Afrilu, suna kamawa farkon bazara. Tsuntsaye suna jawo hankalin akasin jima'i, suna bijirar da ƙamshinsu, wanda a wannan lokacin ya fi kama da kambi. Wingsarfin buɗe fuka-fukai, raira waƙoƙi, narke wutsiyoyi alamun alamun kulawa.
Bayan sun sami abokin tarayya, maza za su iya samun nasu kaidi, waɗanda ke yin saurin kiyayewa daga kowane irin nau'in ɓoyewa. Idan har yanzu mai yin gasa yana nan, to kuwa namiji yana yi masa barazanar, yana murguda rigarsa, ya shimfiɗa fikafikansa, ya yi gaba tare da sauran jikin. Idan mawuyacin rawar da bai taimaka ba, to abokan hamayya sun shiga fray.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: landsasashe biyu na sarakuna gida biyu galibi suna baza bishiyoyi 18, matsakaicin yankin su 0.25 ha. Wannan yanki ya isa ya ciyar da ma'aurata ba kawai, har ma da zuriyarsu.
Cavalier yana cikin aikin ginin gida. Nesting, galibi yana ƙarƙashin inuwar lokacin farin ciki danshi, wanda ke ba da kariya gaba ɗaya ga yanayin haɗari. Don ginin, namiji yana amfani da gansakuka, leɓen lemo, ƙananan twan itace, mai tushe, waɗanda aka ɗaure su da yanar gizo na katako da cocoons na kowane nau'in gizo-gizo, a cikin gado an yi layi tare da ƙasa, gashinsa da gashin dabba.
Gida yana ɗaukar kamannin da ke da zurfi kuma mai ɗaukar nauyi a ƙirar ƙofa mai sifa, wacce ke a nisan mil 4 zuwa 12. Girman nisan yakai kusan 10 cm, kuma yana ɗaukar akalla makonni uku don gina shi. Idan yanayin ya fi dacewa, to mace za ta iya jinkirta wasu ma'aurata, na farko ya faɗi a watan Afrilu, na biyu kuma a tsakiyar watan Yuni. Lambobin masonry daga 8 zuwa 10 qwai masu launin maƙar fata masu launuka kuma suna cike da ɗigon launuka masu launin shuɗi, suna samar da tsari a gefen fuska mai ƙyalƙyali.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: ƙwai na Sarakuna sune mm 10 mm da tsawo 12 mm. Jimlar duka masonry ta wuce adadin mace ta kimanin kashi 20.
Lokacin shiryawa yana kasancewa tsawon kwanaki 16, mahaifiyar mai daukar ciki tana yin karko, kuma abokin tarayya yana ciyar da ita koyaushe. An haife jarirai ba tare da gashin fuka-fukai ba kuma marasa taimako. A sati na farko, mahaifiyar ba za ta iya barin su ba, don haka uba mai kulawa ya yi tawo kamar mahaukaci don ciyar da kowa, yana kawo abinci har sau 300 a rana. Mako guda baya, furen farko ya bayyana a kajin, don haka mace da kanta ta tashi cikin neman abinci, duka da kanta da zuriyarta, tare da sauƙaƙa ƙaddarar mahaifin firam ɗin. Yara sun girma cikin sauri kuma sun riga sun cika shekaru ashirin suna yin nau'ikan farko na asalinsu daga mahaifar su, kuma sun sami damar yin zirga-zirgar jirgi mai zaman kanta wata ɗaya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don kare yara, iyayen suna tsaftace su a hankali, suna kwashe kwasfa daga ƙwai da kuma ƙwayoyin yaran.
Ya kamata a ƙara da cewa tsawon rayuwar da sarakunan yanayi ke yin ƙanƙanuwa, a matsakaita, waɗannan ƙananan ka'idodin suna rayuwa shekara biyu ko uku. Kodayake akwai sanannun sanannun tsoffin da suka rayu har zuwa shekaru biyar.
Abokan halitta na sarki mai launin rawaya
Hoto: Kinglet mai launin shuɗi a Rasha
Kingsaramin Sarakuna suna da wahala, kuma suna da isassun makiya a cikin daji.
Daga cikin su, zaku iya lissafa irin waɗannan tsuntsayen masu tsinkaye, kamar:
Mafi yawan rikice rikice da rikice-rikice sune shahara. Tabbas, da farko, ƙananan kajin da ƙwararrun matasa masu ƙwarewa suna wahala daga masu cin gashin tsuntsaye. Korolkov mafi yawanci ana samun ceton su ta hanyar karɓar su, wadatar su da motsin wuce kima, don haka zasu iya nisanta kansu daga barazanar da ke gabansu kuma su ɓata kansu cikin rassa mai yawa. Karen talakawa, wanda baya fuskantar karewa ga tsuntsayen farauta, na iya kaiwa hari ga tsuntsu wanda ya tsaya ya huta a wurin mutane.
Sau da yawa ana cutar da sarakuna da tsananin sanyi da kuma mummunan yanayi. An ceci tsuntsaye ta hanyar rusa garken tumaki da kuma manne wa juna, haɓaka haɓaka su na raguwa, zafin jiki yana raguwa don adana kuzari. Waɗannan fasalulluka suna taimaka wa rayuwa mai tsananin sanyi na ashirin da biyar.
Hakanan za'a iya kidaya makiyin sarakuna azaman mutumin da ke shiga tsakani a koyaushe cikin talikan halitta, wanda yake katse tsarin rayuwar tsuntsaye. Yanke gandun daji, shimfida manyan hanyoyi, fadada birane, da dagula yanayin muhalli baki daya, mutane suna cutar da rayuwar tsuntsaye, wadanda ba za su iya tayar da hankali ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Yaya dutsen ado mai launin shuɗi ya yi kama?
Kodayake kewayon rarraba Sarakuna masu launin shuɗi suna da yawa sosai, babu yawancin waɗannan tsuntsayen a wasu yankuna, yawan jama'arsu sun sami raguwa sosai. Wannan ya faru ne sanannen sanannen ɗan adam, wanda, sau da yawa, shine babban haɗari ga wakilai na fauna da yawa, gami da sarki mai rawaya.
A karni na sha tara, an aiwatar da lalatacciyar gandun daji na daji ba tare da an kula da su ba, wanda hakan yayi matukar burge yanayin wadannan kananan tsuntsaye. Wannan baya faruwa a duk wuraren da ake tura tsuntsaye akai-akai, a yankuna da yawa, akasin haka, yawan sarki har yanzu yana da yawa. A cewar bayanai daban-daban, ya banbanta daga nau'ikan kiwo daga miliyan 19 zuwa 30.
Don haka, matsayin yawan sarakunan da ke da launin shuɗi a yankuna daban-daban yana da jihar daban. A wasu wuraren zama, ƙaramin tsuntsu mai launin rawaya-yana buƙatar ɗaukar wasu matakan kariya.
Inda 'yan tsuntsaye suka rage, manyan lamuran da suka shafi sune:
- ragin wuraren da ke dazuka a yankin sakamakon tsawan ciyawar,
- sa hannun mutum a cikin halittun halittu da lalata su,
- tashin hankali, tattalin arziki, aikin ɗan adam,
- gurbata muhalli gaba ɗaya.
Mai gadin Sarkin Rawa-Rawaya
Hoto: Kinglet-mai launin rawaya daga Littafin Ruwa
Ta juya, yawan Sarakunan da ke da launin shuɗi ba su da yawa sosai, a wasu yankuna an sami raguwa sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sakamakon tasirin muhalli daban-daban na ɗan adam. Wannan ya damu kungiyoyi da yawa na muhalli da tilasta su su dauki matakan kare waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsayen.
A matakin kasa da kasa, an yi wa sarki rawaya jagora a cikin Shafi na biyu na Yarjejeniyar Berne, an jera shi a cikin Shafi na II na Babban Taron Bonn. Hakanan an sanya jerin gwanon cikin litattafai na Red yankin da yawa. Alamar launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na Jamhuriyar Crimea a matsayin ɗan da ba a taɓa samu ba. Babban abin iyakance anan shine raguwa a yankin dazuzzuka masu tsiro. Korolek tsuntsu ne na Red Book a cikin sararin ƙasan Buryatia, inda aka sa shi a matsayin ƙabilar da ba a saba da su ba. An dauki tsuntsu karkashin kariya a yankuna na Barguzinsky da Baikal, kuma ana kiyaye shi a wuraren shakatawa na Trans-Baikal da Tunkinsky.
Sarauniya mai launin shuɗi wata irin nau'in tsuntsaye ce da ba kasafai ake samu a yankin Lipetsk ba, inda kuma aka jera su a cikin Littafin Ido na gida tun daga 2003. A nan, tsuntsu shine mafi yawan lokuta a lokacin jirgin sama na hunturu, kuma yayin lokacin farauta ana ɗaukar rafin. Wannan na faruwa ne saboda rashin wuraren da suka dace don shirya wuraren girke-girke (gandun daji mai tsayi).
Babban matakan tsaro a yankuna daban-daban sune:
- gano wuraren wuraren farauta da kasancewa a cikin jerin wuraren da ba shi da kariya,
- rashin tsoma bakin mutane a cikin halittun halittu,
- nazarin mahalli da kuma yawan tsuntsaye a wani yanki,
- ci gaba da saka idanu na coniferous tsaye a cikin wuraren farauta,
- dasa sabbin bishiyoyin tsiro.
A takaice, muna buƙatar ƙara ƙaramin kuma, wani lokacin, marasa tsaro rawaya-kai sarki, ya cika zuciyar ɗan adam da himma, saboda mahimmin ƙarfinsa, motsi mai wuce gona da iri, ƙwararruwa mara iyaka, ƙarfafawa da kawai farin ciki. Birdan ƙaramin tsuntsu sau da yawa yakan iya fuskantar matsaloli daban-daban na rayuwa wacce a hankali take shawo kanta. Yana da mahimmanci mutane suyi amfani da wannan bututun tare da hankali na musamman da kulawa, sannan duniyar da ke kewaye da ku zata zama mai fara'a da farin ciki!
Yankin
Sarauniya mai launin shuɗi yana yaduwa a yawancin Eurasia, har ma a cikin Canary da Azores. Haka kuma, kewayon wannan tsuntsu ya ta'allaka ne tsakanin hanyoyin Yuli na 14 ° C da 23 ° C, kuma kusan gaba daya ya zo daidai da yanki mai rarrabewar tsiro, da kuma sauran nau'in tsiro na Asiya. Zuwa arewacin yankin tsakiyar Yammacin Turai yana da kusancin ko'ina, inda akwai wuraren halittu masu dacewa, zuwa kudu an raba kewayon - tsuntsaye kawai keke a wurare a gabashin yankin Iberian Peninsula, a kudu maso yamma na Faransa, a Italiya, ƙasashen yankin Balkan da Romania. Zuwa yamma da kudu na duwatsun Pyrenees kuma a nesa da arewacin Scandinavia ba ya nan gaba ɗaya, a sauran yankin yana faruwa aƙalla a lokacin yawon hunturu.
Tashi zuwa arewa a Norway zuwa 70 ° C. sh., a Karelia kuma a kan Kola Peninsula har zuwa 67 ° C. sh., tsakanin Bahar Maliya da Ural Range har zuwa 65 ° C. sh., a Ural Range da Yammacin Siberiya har zuwa 62 ° C. sh., Zuwa Gabashin Sayan da dutsen Khamar-Daban. A cikin Ukraine, kudu zuwa Kiev, arewacin lardin Chernihiv da Sumy yankuna, a Rasha zuwa Tambov, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod yankuna, zuwa Kudancin Urals, a Yammacin Siberiya zuwa 54 ° C. sh,, zuwa tsakiya da arewa maso gabas Altai, Sayan yamma, Tannu-Ola da kuma Khamar-Daban.
Rarrabe sassa a cikin Crimea, a cikin Asiaaramar Asiya a gefen gabar Tekun Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya, a ƙasan kudu na Caucasus, Taurus Armeniya da Elburz. Dzhungarsky Alatau, Ketmen, Tien Shan kudu zuwa dutsen Alai. Daga Safedhokh Range da arewa maso yamma na Himalayas gabas da Himalayas zuwa yankuna na arewacin Yunnan. Gabas ta Tibet ta gabas zuwa dutsen Qinling da gabashin gefen tsaunukan Sino-Tibet, arewa zuwa dutsen Richtofen, kudu zuwa arewacin Yunnan. Birtaniya, Canary, Azores, Sardinia, Sicily, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands Iturup, Kunashir da Shikotan, Hokkaido Jafanido da Honshu.
Habitat
A mafi yawan yankuna, asalin halittu yana da tsatsauran tushe shine tsintsiyar bishiyoyin tsiro, wasu lokuta ana haɗe shi da bishiyar dutse (Muntu ta Pinus) da farin fir. M sau da yawa nests a cikin cakuda spruce-deciduous gandun daji da kuma gandun daji Pine mai tsauni, yana hana boars tare da halartar larch da Pine na kowa a kowane lokaci na shekara. A arewaci da Siberiya yanayin halayyar duhu ne, amma ana samun sa a can da wuya - watakila ba a yi nazarinsa sosai ba saboda yanayin rayuwa. A cikin Azores, inda kusan an sare gandun daji na laurel, an daidaita shi sosai da itacen al'ul na Japan, kuma yana da yawa a cikin kananan itacen oak na Azores juniper. A cikin Canaries, ban da gandun daji na laurel, yana da nishi a cikin gandun daji tare da halartar Canine Pine (Canjinensis mai suna Pinus) da annuri mai haske da aka kawo anan. A lokacin kiwo, biotopes sun fi bambamce-bambance kuma suna iya hade da dasa sako, da yanke hukunci da kuma gandun daji gauraya, lambuna da wuraren shakatawa. An samo shi a cikin tsaunuka zuwa saman gandun daji - a cikin Alps na Swiss har zuwa 2200 m, a cikin Caucasus har zuwa 2000 m, a cikin Himalayas har zuwa 4000 m, a Japan har zuwa 2600 m sama da matakin teku.
Yanayin zaman
Yawancin nau'in jinsin sun zauna, suna yin ƙaura na al'ada a cikin watanni hunturu. Sai kawai a cikin matsanancin arewa na kewayon motsi kudu maso yamma sami halayen cikakken ƙaura. Gwargwadon irin waɗannan motsi na iya bambanta sosai da ƙarfi: a cikin wasu shekaru, sarautan kaka na sarakuna suna kama da sakamako mai yawa - mamayewa, kuma a wasu ma kusan ba a san su ba ne. Ba a bayyana bambancin wannan ba kawai da tsananin yanayin hunturu ba, har ma da karuwar gibin tsuntsaye don neman abinci a wasu shekaru. Idan hunturu a cikin kakar da ta gabata ta kasance mai laushi, sabili da haka, adadin tsuntsaye masu yawa zasu iya rayuwa a wannan lokacin na shekara da kuma haɓaka zuriya - ƙarancin yawa yana tilasta tsuntsayen neman abinci a wuraren da ke can sama da canjin yanayin canjin. Kamar sauran ƙananan tsuntsayen, kamar wren ko ladle, a cikin yanayin sanyi, sarakuna sukan kwana a cikin rukunoni a cikin wasu matsuguni, suna manne da juna.