Coelacanth - wakilin da ya tsira kawai na tsohuwar ƙungiyar coelacanthids. Saboda haka, yana da banbanci - ba a bayyana abubuwan da yake ciki yanzu, kuma bincikensa ya nuna asirin juyin halitta, saboda yana kama da magabata waɗanda suka yi tekuna a duniya a zamanin da - tun ma kafin tafiya ƙasa.

Kifi Miracle - Coelacanth

Dan takarar ilimin kimiyyar nazarin halittu N. Pavlova, babban mai lura da gidan adana kayan tarihin dabbobi na Jami'ar Jihar Moscow

Sunan "abin da ake fahimta na dabbobi" yana da tabbaci a cikin tsohuwar kifin. Karni na XX. " Ana iya ganin wannan dabba mai azanci a cikin Gidan Tarihin Zoological na Jami'ar Jihar Moscow.

Masu karatuna sun nemi masu gyara suyi magana game da kifin al'ajibin dalla dalla fiye da jaridu na bayanai da zasu iya yi. Mun cika wannan bukatar.

Ranar 3 ga Janairu, 1938, Farfesa na Chemistry a Kwalejin Greymstown (Union of South Africa), J. L. B. Smith, ya sami wata wasiƙa daga mai lura da gidan kayan tarihi na Gabashin London, Miss M. Courtenay-Latimer, yana mai ba da labari cewa an ba da kifin baƙon abu gaba ɗaya ga gidan kayan gargajiya.

Farfesa Smith, mashahurin mai son ichineyologist, mai tarin yawa ya tattara abubuwa game da kifayen Afirka ta Kudu sabili da haka ya yi daidai da duk kayan tarihin a ƙasar. Kuma ko da bisa ga zane ba daidai ba, ya yanke hukuncin cewa an kama wani wakilin mashin kifin, wanda aka yi imanin ya mutu kusan shekaru miliyan 50 da suka gabata.

Farfesa Smith an girmama shi don gano, suna da kuma bayanin kifin goge bakin goge. Tun daga wannan lokacin, kowane gidan kayan gargajiya a duniya yana neman kwafin wannan kifin, wanda ake kira Latimeria Halumna.

An kama samfurin coelacanth sittin da takwas a ranar 16 ga Satumbar 1971 a bakin teku - ƙungiyar ta kasance mai cin kifi mai zurfi - mazaunin Comoros, in ji Said Mohamed. Tsawon kifi shine santimita 164, nauyi - kilo 65.

Cibiyar Oceanology na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta USSR ta samo wannan coelacanth kuma an canza ta zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Jami'ar Moscow don ajiya. A cikin bitar, ainihin kwafin tarin samfuran ya kasance gypsum kuma an sanya shi a allon nuni.

Coelacanth: daga kai zuwa wutsiya

Kuma a nan muna da "tsohuwar kafa ta hudu", kamar yadda Farfesa Smith ya kira shi. Haka ne, yana da alaƙa da danginsa na dā, waɗanda waɗanda aka san mu da su daga maimaitawa daga burbushin halittu. Haka kuma, bai canza da yawa ba a cikin shekaru miliyan 300 da suka gabata.

Coelacanth ya kiyaye abubuwa da yawa na tsoffin magabatan sa. Jikinta mai girma yana rufe da manyan abubuwa masu ƙarfi. Rarrabe faranti sun rufe juna saboda jikin kifin yana kiyaye shi ta hanyar sau uku, kamar makamai.

Sikeli na coelacanth suna da nau'i na musamman. Daga cikin kifin zamani, ba a sami ɗayan ba. Abubuwa masu tarin yawa a saman sikeli suna sanya farfajiyan sa, kuma mazaunan Comoros galibi suna amfani da faranti dabam-dabam a maimakon fitowa.

Latimeria ɗan farauta ne, kuma jaarfan jajayenta suna da hakora, da manyan hakora.

Mafi kyawun asali kuma mafi ban mamaki a cikin hanyar coelacanth ita ce ƙusarta. A tsakiyar fin ɗin caudal akwai ƙarin keɓantaccen lobe - rudin wutsiya na nau'ikan zamanin da, wanda a cikin kifayen zamani an maye gurbinsu da manyan ƙashinan.

Duk sauran dunkulewar coelacanth, ban da na bayan kafa, zai iya zama kamar pawsals ne mai rarrafe. Suna da ingantaccen ɗambin faɗakarwa da aka rufe da sikeli. Rsayan na biyu da ƙwanƙolin ƙwaya na da motsi na musamman, kuma ƙashin kansa zai iya juyawa ta kusan kowace hanya.

Kasusuwa na kashi biyu na kasusuwa da na ciki na coelacanth suna nuna kama mai ban sha'awa da yatsun kafa biyar na duniya. Binciken Paleontological ya sa ya yiwu a sake tsara hoton yadda za'a iya canza hoton kifin kashin halittar kifi mai kasusuwa cikin kasusuwa cikin yatsun hannun yatsun kafa biyar na farkon yanayin ƙasa - stegocephals.

Kwanyar ta, kamar ta ruhunan coelacanth, an kasu kashi biyu - ryl da kwakwalwa. Filin saman coelacanth an rufe shi da ƙasusuwa masu ƙarfi, masu kama da na tsoffin kifayen kifayen dabbobi, kuma suna da alaƙa da ƙasusuwa daidai na ƙyallen dabbobin farko-dabbar kafafu, ko kawunansu masu sulke. Daga cikin kasusuwa masu aiki a tsakiyar kwanyar, coelacanth yana haɓaka abubuwan da ake kira faranti na jugular, waɗanda galibi ana ganin su ta fasalin burbushin halitta.

Madadin kashin baya, coelacanth na zamani yana da zaren dorsal - wani yanki ne da aka samar da roba wanda zai iya canzawa.

A cikin hanjin coelacanth akwai yanki na musamman - bawul ɗin karkace. Wannan tsohuwar na'urar na rage girman motsin abinci tare da hanjin cikin hanji kuma yana kara jijiyoyin jiki.

Zuciyar coelacanth an tsara ta sosai. Yana kama da bututu mai sauƙin ƙarfe kuma baya yin kama da jijiyar wuya, zuciyar mai ƙarfi na kifi na zamani.

Ee, coelacanth yana da alaƙa da kusancin coelacanth, amma akwai bambanci mai girma. Kayan sawa na dusar kankara ya cika da sauri kuma ya zama ƙaramin fatar fata cike da mai. Wataƙila, wannan raguwa yana da alaƙa da canji na coelacanth zuwa rayuwa a cikin teku, inda buƙatar buhunƙuwar huhu ya ɓace. A bayyane yake, rashi ƙoshin ƙoshin ciki, kayan maye, waɗanda suka kasance halayyar kamun kifin mai-kifin burushi, yana da alaƙa da wannan.

Ta haka ne, shi wakilin shahararrun nau'ikan coelacauts, wanda ya rayu har zuwa yau1 Da yake ya kiyaye mafi yawan fasalolin zamaninsa, a lokaci guda ya zama mai dacewa da rayuwa a tekuna na zamani.

Bari yanzu mu kalli coelacanth gaba ɗaya. Bayan haka, bayyanar kifi na iya gaya wa masanin kimiyya da yawa game da mazauninsa da al'adunsu. Ga abin da Farfesa Smith ya rubuta game da wannan: “Tun daga farko lokacin da na gan shi (coelacanth), wannan kifin mai ban mamaki, tare da dukkan kyan gani, ya gaya mani a sarari kamar yana iya faɗi:

"Ka duba ƙididdina, mai ƙarfi. Dubi bish kai, a mai ƙarfi, spiky ƙashin ƙasa. An kiyaye ni sosai cewa ba na tsoron kowane dutse. Tabbas, ina zaune a wurare masu kwari tsakanin raƙuman ruwa. Kuna iya gaskata ni: Ni mutum ne mai ƙarfi kuma bana tsoron kowa. Baƙin ciki na baƙin ciki kawai ba. My blue launi riga ya tabbatar maka da cewa ni ba mazaunin zurfafan tunani bane. Babu kifayen shuɗi. Nakan yi iyo da sauri kawai don ɗan gajeren zango, kuma ba na buƙatar sa: daga ɓoye a bayan wani dutse ko daga ɓarke, Ina gudu zuwa ganima da sauri cewa ba ta da begen samun ceto. Kuma idan ganima ba shi da motsi, bana buƙatar sakewa kaina da motsi da sauri. Zan iya zamewa sama, a hankali na narkar da rami da sassa, in jingina zuwa kan duwatsun don sake fasalin. Dubi hakorana, a tsokoki masu ƙarfi. Da kyau, idan na kama mutum, ba zai zama mai sauƙi mu rabu ba. Har ma babban kifin yana wanzuwa. "Ina kiyaye ganima har sai ta mutu, sannan a hankali na ciji cizo kamar yadda abokaina suka yi na miliyoyin shekaru."

Coelacanth ya faɗi wannan duka da ƙari ga idona, na saba da kifayen rayuwa.

Ban san wani kifi na zamani ba ko ya ƙare wanda zai tsoratar da coelacanth - “mafaraucin mafificiya”. Maimakon haka, akasin haka, shi - kamar maharbi mafi girma, pikeperch - yana wakiltar mummunan makiyi ga yawancin kifayen da ke zaune a yankin ruwan. A wata kalma, da zan ba shi kamfani a cikin kokawarsa duk da abokan hamayyarsa masu motsawa, ban da shakkar cewa mai yin iyo tsakanin rafhanan ba zai yi farin cikin saduwa da coelacanth ba. ”

Coelacanth: ana ci gaba da bincike

Lokaci mai yawa ya shude tun lokacin da aka bude coelacanth, kuma kadan ne masana kimiyya suka koyi sabbin abubuwa. Wannan abu ne mai sauƙin fahimta: bayan haka, a Comoros, a cikin ruwa wanda aka samo kifayen ban mamaki, babu cibiyoyin kimiyya, kuma wani lokaci kifayen da aka kama lokacin da isowar masu ilimin kimiyya ke kira da gaggawa sun mutu sun mutu ba kyawawa.

Lissafin ƙididdigar yawan kama coelacanth, daga 1952 (lokacin da aka kama samfurin na biyu) har zuwa 1970, a matsakaici, ana kama kifaye biyu ko uku kowace shekara. Haka kuma, duk amma na farkon da aka kama cikin robar. An rarraba lamurra masu rauni ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba cikin shekaru: mafi nasara shine 1965th (bakwai coelacanth), kuma mafi yawan - 1961 (kwafi ɗaya). A matsayinka na doka, an kama coelacanth tsakanin takwas da maraice da biyu da safe. Kusan dukkanin kifayen sun kama daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu. Daga waɗannan bayanan, mutum ya isa ya kusantar da ƙarshe game da al'adun "tsohuwar kafa huɗu": ƙididdiga suna nuna yuwuwar yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayin gida da fasalin kamun kifin bakin teku. Gaskiyar ita ce, daga Yuni zuwa Satumba - Oktoba, Comoros sau da yawa yana da iska mai ƙarfi a kudu maso gabas, mai haɗari ga keɓaɓɓiyar kek, kuma masunta suna da wuya su tafi teku. Bugu da kari, a cikin lokacin kwanciyar hankali, masunta na Kwakwalwa sun gwammace su yi kifi da daddare lokacin da zafi ya sauka kuma iska ta sauka.

Saƙonni game da zurfin inda ake samun coelacanth kuma bai kamata a basu mahimmancin gaske ba. Ana auna zurfin masunta ta tsawon tsayin igiya, kuma a cikin kwarangwal akwai, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba fiye da mita ɗari uku ba - saboda haka mafi girman zurfin da aka zana coelacanth a matsayin mita 300. A gefe guda, tabbacin cewa kifin bai tashi zuwa saman sama da mita ɗari ba yana shakka. An haɗa da matattarar dutsen da igiya tare da zaren, kuma lokacin da mai wanki ya taɓa ƙasan ƙasa, zaren ya tsage tare da kaɗa. Bayan haka, igiyar ruwa ta ruwa na iya ɗaukar ƙugiyar da keɓaɓɓun, kuma ba shi yiwuwa ya yanke hukunci zurfin tare da tsawon igiya.

Saboda haka, ana iya zaton cewa watakila an shimfida wasu coelacanthth daga zurfin da zai iya zuwa ga mashigan dabbobin ruwa. Amma kuna yin hukunci da gaskiyar cewa coelacanth yana tsoron haske, ya hau zurfin mita 60-80 kawai da dare, kuma har yanzu ba wanda ya yanke shawarar yin nutse tare da kayan dabbobin da daddare, nesa da bakin tekun, a cikin ruwa mai cike da sharks.

Abubuwa da yawa na masana kimiyya sun tafi neman coelacanth, a matsayin mai mulkin, binciken da suke yi bai zama banza ba. Zamu fada game da daya daga cikin balaguron karshe, sakamakon wanda, tilas mutum yayi tunani, zai tona asirin rayuwa dayawa da samuwar coelacanth.

A cikin 1972, an shirya hawan Angola-Faransa-American. Ta kasance mai tsayi da cikakken shiri. Lokacin da mafi wuya ganima ta kama, ba shi yiwuwa a san gaba, kuma don kada a rikice a sa'o'i masu mahimmanci, ya zama dole a fito da wani cikakken tsari game da abin da za a yi da kifin da aka kama: abin da za a lura yayin da yake da rai, yadda ake sarrafa shi, a cikin wane tsari ya ɗauka kyallen kwayar halittar jiki, yadda zaka iya kiyaye su saboda karatun na gaba ta hanyoyi daban-daban. An tattara jerin abubuwan masana ilimin halitta daga ƙasashe daban-daban waɗanda suka bayyana sha'awar samin samfuran sassan jikinsu don yin nazari a gaba. Adireshin sun kasance adreshin hamsin.

Membersan uwan ​​farko-farkon waɗanda suka kawo ziyarar - Bafaransheen J. Anthony da masanin ilimin gidan tarihi na Ingilishi J. Forster - sun isa tsibirin Grand Comor a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1972. A cikin wani garejin da ba komai wanda hukumomin yankin suka bayar, sun fara kafa dakin gwaje-gwaje, duk da cewa yawancin kayan aikin har yanzu suna kan hanya. Kuma a ranar hudu ga watan Janairu wani sako ya isa cewa an isar da coelacanth zuwa tsibirin Anjouan! Mashin ya sami damar ci gaba da rayuwarsa na tsawon awanni tara, amma masanan halittu sun yi latti kuma zai iya fara shirye-shiryen sa'o'i shida kacal bayan kifin ya yi barci. Makonni shida a ƙarƙashin rana mai zafi! Zai yiwu har yanzu a adana ɓangarorin gabobin don binciken ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Wakilan masu ziyarar sun tafi wasu ƙauyuka da yawa, suna masu alƙawarin kyauta ga kowane irin rayuwar coelacanth. Sun yi ƙoƙarin kama shi da kansu - ba su amfana ba.

A ranar 22 ga Maris, mako guda kafin ƙarshen balaguron, lokacin da yawancin mahalarta, da ba su yi imani da nasara ba, suka tafi, sauran biyun sun cika kwalayensu, sinadarai da kayan aikinsu, tsohon masanin ƙasar Mali Yusuf Kaar ya kawo coelacanth mai rai a cikin kek. Duk da sanyin safiya, ya farka shugaban mazaunin ƙauyen, ya bi sawun masana kimiyya. A halin yanzu, an sanya kifin a cikin wani keji da aka shirya a gaba don wannan dalili, wanda aka nutsar da shi a bakin ruwa a wani wuri mai nisa.

Nan ne wurin da aka riga aka yi umarnin umarnin aiki! Da farko dai, ta hanyar hasken wuta, da walƙiya, masanan halittu sun yi nazari dalla-dalla yadda coelacanth ke iyo. A wannan yanayin, yawancin kifaye suna lanƙwasa a cikin raƙuman ruwa a cikin jiki ko ana kange su daga ruwa ta hanyar wutsiya. Coelacanth ya tashi ne kawai ta biyu na baya da kuma kushin fir. Tare sun sunkuya dama, sannan da sauri suka koma tsakiyar matsayin, suna turawa jikin kifin, kuma suka koma hannun hagu, bayan haka mahimmin ya sake biyo baya. Wutsiyar ba ta shiga cikin motsin ba, amma tana yin hukunci da karfin da yake da shi, coelacanth yana amfani da wutsiyar a nesa, don kama wanda aka azabtar da jakar guda.

Fan ƙananan jijiyar suna da haɓaka ba tare da izini ba, suna jagoranci motsi da kuma daidaita ma'aunin jiki a cikin ruwa. Ragowar ƙyallen ba su da motsi.

Maganar cewa idanun idanun coelacanth suna haske, ba daidai bane. Samun babban haske mai haske, wanda yake a karkashin retina, suna haskakawa a hasken fitilar, kamar idanun cat.

Lokacin da gari ya waye, aka sanya zanen kifin akan fim, sannan aka dauki hotunan launi. Launin coelacanth launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi tare da ɗanɗano mai haske. Wanda wasu marubutan suka kwatanta shi, launin shuɗi mai haske kawai alama ce ta sararin samaniya mai shuɗi a cikin Sikeli masu ƙyalƙyali.

Da tsakar rana, ya zama bayyane cewa kifin, bayan ya kwashe kusan awanni 10 cikin ruwa mara nauyi, ba zai daɗe ba. Musamman bin tsarin aikin, masanan ilimin halitta sun fara yin wani gwaji. Wannan aikin ya ɗauki sauran rana. Da farko dai, mun dauki samfuran jini (yana gangara da sauri), sannan munyi rubuce-rubucen gabobin ciki don bincike a karkashin kwakwalwar, da bincike da kuma microscopy.

Daga baya, aka tura zuwa Turai, an aika samfuran ga masanan kimiyya masu sha'awar. Sakamakon karatunsu ba a wallafa shi ba tukuna, amma ya rigaya ya bayyana cewa samfuran "sabo" na farko na gabobin kifayen da ba su da yawa za su faɗi abubuwa da yawa game da ilmin jikinsa, salon rayuwa, da kuma canjin yanayin jijiya.

Kuma a ƙarshe, zamu iya sake komawa zuwa littafin Smith kuma, tare da kalmomin mutumin da ya gano "abin mamaki na karni na 20" a gare mu, gama labarin game da coelacanth.

“Binciken coelacanth ya nuna yadda muke kankanta, da sanin rayuwar rayuwar teku. Gaskiya ne cewa ikon mutum ya ƙare inda ƙasa take ƙare. Idan muna da cikakkiyar cikakkiyar fahimta game da nau'ikan rayuwar ƙasa, to iliminmu game da mazaunan yanayin ruwa mai nisa ba mai wahala bane, kuma tasirinmu akan rayuwarsu kusan ba komai bane. ,Auki, faɗi, Paris ko London. A cikin su, a cikin ƙasa babu wata hanyar rayuwa guda ɗaya wacce ba ta ƙarƙashin ikon ɗan adam, sai dai, ba shakka, ƙarami. Amma a cikin ainihin wannan tsoffin cibiyoyin ɗumbin wayewar jama'a - a cikin kogin Thames da Seine - rayuwa tana gudana kamar miliyan ɗaya, shekaru hamsin ko fiye da shekaru da suka gabata, na asali da na daji. Babu wani tafki guda daya wanda rayuwa zata yi biyayya da dokokin da mutum ya bayar.

Da yawa ne karatun da aka yi a cikin tekuna, kuma ba zato ba tsammani sai suka gano coelacanth - babban dabba, mai ƙarfi! Ee, mun sani kaɗan kaɗan. Kuma akwai fata sauran halittattun har yanzu suna rayuwa a wani wuri a cikin tekuna. ”

Latimeria halumna, coelacanth

Kamar kowane dabba, coelacanth yana da sunaye da yawa. Sau da yawa mutane da ba a san su ba sa fahimce su.

Sunan halittarta - LATIMERIA - Farfesa Smith ya ba ta don girmamawa ga Miss Latimer. Ita ce ta fara gane ta a cikin kifin mai ban mamaki wanda ya faɗo cikin tarko, wani abu mara sabo, na talakawa. Masana ilimin halittu sau da yawa suna suna dabbobi ko tsire-tsire bayan mutanen da suke da ƙimar kimiyya sosai.

Kalma ta biyu - HALUMNA - takamaiman suna. Halumna - sunan kogin, kusa da bakin wanda aka kama kifin cysterae na farko.

Coelacanth ana kiransa CELLACANT. Wannan halas ne kwarai: wannan kifin wani ɓangare ne na babban sarki, wanda ake kira da shi. Kalmar "coelacanth" a cikin fassara daga Latin yana nufin "ƙaya mara nauyi". A cikin mafi yawan kifin, ratsin ƙashin ƙashi a bayyane yake bayyane a sama da ƙasa da kashin baya. A cikin coelacanth, waɗannan spikes m ne kuma basu da tsauri. Saboda haka sunan.

Ana kuma kiran Coelacanth KISTEREPERA FISH. Wannan sunan duk kifayen da suke da ƙyallen guda ɗaya kamar na coelacanth.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Coelacanthaceae ya bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 400 da suka gabata kuma da zarar wannan ɓoye yana da yawa, amma asalin halitta guda ɗaya ne ya wanzu har zuwa yau, gami da jinsin biyu. Saboda coelacanth ana ɗauka relict kifi - burbushin rayuwa.

Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa duk waɗannan shekarun coelacanth ba su taɓa samun canji ba, kuma muna ganin su kamar yadda suke a zamanin da. Amma bayan binciken kwayoyin, an gano cewa suna canzawa ta hanyar al'ada - kuma ya juya cewa sun kasance kusa da tetrapods fiye da kifi.

Coelacanth-like (a colocanci coelacanth, kodayake masana kimiyya sun kira shi ɗaya daga cikin samar da waɗannan kifayen) suna da tarihi mai tsayi kuma sun haifar da ire-ire daban: ɗumbin kifin mallakar wannan tsari yakai daga santimita 10 zuwa 200, suna da jikin wasu sifofi daban-daban - daga yaduwa har zuwa kuraje-kamar, tsarin ƙyallen ya bambanta sosai kuma akwai wasu fasalin halayen.

Tarihin Ganowa

Latimeria - kifi ne daga dangin Latimeriamallakar wannan ce Celacanthus. Coelacanth ya zauna a tekun shekaru miliyan 400 da suka shude, kuma har yanzun nan, masana kimiyya basa zargin cewa an adana waɗannan dabbobin a wani wuri. Dangane da bayanan rami, masana kimiyyar ilmin kimiya sun yi imanin cewa coelacanth ya daina wanzuwa shekaru miliyan 65 da suka gabata, amma binciken masunta na Afirka ta Kudu ya karyata ra'ayin masana kimiyya.

A karshen shekarar 1938, wani kifin da ba shi da kyau ya fada tarko ga masuntan, wadanda yanayinsa ya sha bamban sosai da sauran masifun. Maza basu ci shi ba, da kuma kwashe zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya na gida. Ma'aikacin gidan kayan tarihin M. Cortene-Latimer ya kuma yi mamakin kifin da ta gani kuma ya kasa tantance kasancewarta wani iyali. Sa’annan matar ta rubuta wasika ga masanin kimiyyar kimiyyar halittar dabbobi ta James Smith wanda ke bayyana binciken, ya kuma ba halittar ban mamaki ga kwararru don sanya dabbar da ta cika (gidan kayan gargajiya ba shi da wata hanyar da zata ceci kifin)

Bayan karanta wata wasika wacce Cortene-Latimer ba wai kawai ta gano abubuwan ba ne, har ma ta zana cikakken zanen, James Smith nan da nan ya gano coelacanth, wani tsohon mai ruwa a teku wanda ake ganin yana da ƙuruciya. Bayan wani lokaci, masanin kimiyyar halittar masaniyar halittar ya zo gidan kayan gargajiya kuma ya tabbata cewa kifin da aka kama hakika wakilin tsarin Celacanthus ne. Masanin kimiyya ya tattara bayanin dabba dabba, ya buga aikinsa a cikin littafin kimiyya. Coelacanth ya karbi sunan Latin ta sunan Cortene-Latimer - Latimeria chalumnae, inda kalma ta biyu ke nuni da wurin da latimeria take zaune (kogin Chalumna).

Masana kimiyya sun ci gaba da bincike don gano coelacanth mai rai, amma bayan shekaru 14 kawai sai aka sake samun samfurin coelacanth na biyu. A shekarar 1997, an gano wani nau'in coelacanth, watau Latimeria menadoensis; wanda ya zuwa shekarar 2006, sanannu ne aka san wakilai masu rai guda hudu na wannan nau'in.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin jinsunan coelacanth da aka samo ba kaɗan bane, a fili kuwa, kifayen ba su da bambanci. Gaskiyar cewa Latimeria chalumnae da Latimeria menadoensis sun kasance daga jinsin dabbobi daban, ichthyologists sun kafa tushen binciken kwayoyin.

Bayanin coelacanth

Kasancewar coelacanth ya kasance kamar yadda yake a miliyoyin da suka gabata, kuma ita kaɗai ce ɗayan kifin mai goge goge da take cikin yanayinta har yanzu.

Sifar halayyar coelacanth shine muryoyin tsoka a gindi na ƙashin kan. Tare da taimakon waɗannan tsokoki, kifi na iya motsawa tare da ƙasan tafki.

Kifin cystepera na coelacanth ya rayu godiya ga zaɓin, wanda ake kira da nutsuwa. Wannan nau'in zabin yanayi na halitta yana adana waɗancan kwayoyin waɗanda ke nuna iyakar dacewa ga yanayin muhalli.

Siffofin bayyanar coelacanth:

• M Sikeli mai dorewa.
• Launin launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi.
• Manyan launuka masu launin shuɗi-fari suna warwatse ko'ina cikin jiki, gami da kai da ƙashin kansa.
• Tsawon mace shine 190 cm.
• Tsawon maza 150 cm.
• Weight - daga 50 zuwa 90 kg.

Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na coelacanth shine ikon buɗe bakinsu ba kawai ta hanyar rage ƙananan muƙamuƙi ba, har ma ta haɓaka babba. Tsarin narkewa, idanu, da zuciya sun bambanta da coelacanth daga kifi na zamani.

Tsoffin halittu suna iyo a cikin zurfin 100-200 m, suna ɓoye yayin rana a cikin kogon ruwa, suna iyo da dare don neman ganima. A cikin ruwa mai ruwa, kifi yana motsawa a hankali, lokaci-lokaci yana juya a tsaye. Abubuwan firikwensin lantarki suna saman shugaban coelacanth, godiya garesu wanda ya sauƙaƙa wa mutane gano ganima - ƙaramar kifayen teku, bakin ruwa, da sauran dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin kogunan ruwa.

Hanyar kiwo coelacanth shine samar da kwai. Wannan yana nufin cewa mace tana ɗauke da ƙwai a cikin kanta, a cikin jikinta kifayen kifi sun bar ƙwanin ƙwai, sannan a haife su. Hanyar hadi da haihuwar 'coelacanth' ba a yi nazari cikakke ba, tunda masana kimiyya ba su taɓa haɗuwa da mai juna biyu mai rai ba.

Gidajen coelacanth na zamani sun bambanta. Ana samun waɗannan kifayen a cikin irin waɗannan wurare:

• ruwa kusa da tsibiran Grand Comor (kusa da Yankin Mozambique),
• yankin ruwa a kudu maso gabashin Kenya,
• gabas ta kudu maso kudu

Ramin dake tsakanin nisan da aka gano tsakanin coelacanth ya kai kilomita dubu 10, wanda ke nuna rarrabawar alummarsu.

Coelacanth a duniyar zamani

Coelacanth abu ne na sha'awar kimiyya, yana ba ka damar bincika matakan juyin halitta da jin haɗi na lokaci. Sauran kifayen ba su wakilci komai darajar ba, tunda ba za a iya cin namansa ba saboda ɗacin ɗacin ɗacin da ba da daɗin ji. Akwai lokuta idan mazauna karkara suka yi amfani da naman coelacanth don dalilai na warkewa - da alama yana da kayan maganin zazzabin cizon sauro. Amma cinye koda nama mai kyau na coelacanth a cikin mutum yana haifar da zawo mai tsafta.

Nan da nan bayan gano coelacanth, an nuna su a matsayin mallakar ƙasar Faransa, tun daga wannan lokacin Comoros mallakar wannan ƙasar. An haramta kamun kifi, kawai binciken kimiyya ya ba da izini. A cikin 80s na ƙarni na karshe, karɓar kamfani na coelacanth ya ƙaru tare da niyyar sayar da shi akan kasuwar baƙar fata, amma bayan an rage yawan adadin coelacanth, an kafa wata ƙungiya don adana su.

Yanzu an kiyasta yawan coelacanth a cikin manya manya 400, masana kimiyya suna ɗaukar duk matakan da suka dace don adana kifin prehistoric, tunda lalacewar muhalli yana rikitar da rayuwar coelacanth.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: kifin coelacanth

Kwakwalwan Comori suna da launin shuɗi-launin shuɗi, kuma akwai manyan manyan launuka masu launin toka a jiki. Ta wurin su ne ake bambanta su - kowane kifi yana da nasa tsarin. Wadannan kwarangwal suna kama da tsutsotsi da suke zaune a cikin kogo guda da coelacanth kansu. Don haka canza launi yana ba su damar lalata kansu. Bayan mutuwa sun zama launin ruwan kasa, kuma ga jinsunan Indonesiya wannan launi ne na al'ada.

Mata sun fi maza girma, za su iya girma zuwa 180-190 cm, maza sun haɗu zuwa 140-150 cm. Kimar kilo 50-85. Kifi ɗan da aka haife shi ya riga ya zama babba, kusan 40 cm - wannan yana hana sha'awar yawancin masu hasara har ma da soya.

Kasusuwan coelacanth suna da alaƙa da na magabatan ɗabi'unsu. Insasassun ƙusoshin suna da mahimmanci - akwai takwas daga cikinsu, ƙarancin haɗin suna da belts, daga wannan a zamanin d the u da kafada da ƙashin ƙugu a cikin hanyoyin kwance bayan an tafi ƙasa. Juyin Halittar coelacanth ya ci gaba da hanyarsa - maimakon vertebrae, wani ɓoyayyen bututu wanda ya bayyana a inda ake samun ruwa a matsanancin matsin lamba.

Kirkirar kwanyar ma sanannen ne: haɗin gwiwa na ciki ya raba shi kashi biyu, sakamakon coelacanth yana iya runtse ƙananan hakoran kuma ya ɗaga babba - saboda wannan, buɗe bakin yana da girma kuma yadda ƙarfin sha ya fi girma.

Kwakwalwar latimeria ƙanƙanuwa ne: nauyinta kaɗan ne na alkama, kuma tana mamaye kashi ɗaya da rabi na ƙwayar kifin. Amma suna da haɓakar epiphyseal hadaddun, saboda wanda suke da kyakkyawar daukar hoto. Manyan idanu masu haske ma suna ba da gudummawa ga wannan - suna dacewa sosai ga rayuwa a cikin duhu.

Latimeria shima yana da wasu halaye na daban - yana da matukar kyau a karanci kifi, wanda masu bincike suka gano sabbin kayan da zasu iya fadakar da wasu sirrin juyin halitta. Tabbas, a fannoni da yawa kusan iri ɗaya ne kamar na tsohuwar kifayen tun zamanin da babu tsari mai rai akan ƙasa gaba ɗaya.

Ta yin amfani da misalinta, masana kimiyya za su iya ganin yadda kwayoyin halittu suka yi aiki, wanda ya fi tasiri fiye da yin nazarin kashin burbushin halittu. Haka kuma, ba a adana kwayoyin jikinsu kwata-kwata, kuma kafin a fara gano coelacanth, mutum zaiyi tunanin yadda za'a tsara su.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin kwanyar coelacanth akwai lalatin walƙiya, godiya ga wanda ya sami damar ɗauka ko da ƙananan juzu'i a cikin wutar lantarki. Don haka, ba ta bukatar haske don jin ainihin wurin da abin ya faru.

Ina coelacanth yake rayuwa?

Hoto: Cystepera kifi coelacanth

Abubuwa uku na mazauninsu sanannu ne:

• Tashar Mozambique, da yankin a ɗan arewa,
• a bakin tekun Afirka ta Kudu
• kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Malindi a Kenya,
• Tekun Sulawesi.

Wataƙila batun ba ta iyakance ga wannan ba, kuma har yanzu tana zaune a wasu ɓangarorin duniya, saboda an gano yanki na ƙarshe na mazauninta kwanan nan - a ƙarshen 1990s. A lokaci guda, yayi nisa da farkon farkon - don haka babu abin da zai hana wani nau'in coelacanth fitowa daga wani gefen duniyar.

Da farko dai, kimanin shekaru 80 da suka gabata, an gano coelacanth a wurin da Kogin Chalumna ya kwarara zuwa cikin teku (saboda haka sunan wannan nau'in a Latin) a bakin tekun Afirka ta Kudu. Nan da nan ya bayyana a fili cewa an kawo wannan samfurin daga wani wuri - yankin Comoros. Kusan kusa da su shine coelacanth ya fi zama a ciki.

Amma daga baya aka gano cewa yawan mutanen nata har yanzu suna zaune a bakin tekun Afirka ta Kudu - suna zaune a yankin Sodwana. An kuma gano wani a bakin tekun Kenya. A ƙarshe, an gano nau'ikan na biyu, suna zaune a nesa mai nisa daga na farko, a cikin wani teku - kusa da tsibirin Sulawesi, a cikin tekun suna iri ɗaya, a Tekun Pacific.

Matsaloli tare da gano coelacanth ana danganta su da gaskiyar cewa tana zaune cikin zurfi, yayin da keɓaɓɓe a cikin ruwan tekuna mai zafi, yankuna waɗanda yawanci ke ci gaba. Wannan kifin yana jin daɗin mafi yawan lokacin da zafin ruwa ya kusan 14-18 ° C, kuma a cikin wuraren da yake zaune, wannan zazzabi ya kai zurfin mita 100 zuwa 350.

Tunda abinci a wannan zurfin yana da ƙarami, a coelacanth na dare na iya tashi sama don cizo don ci. Da rana kuma, za ta sake faɗuwa, ko ma ta tashi don shakata cikin kogon ruwa. Dangane da haka, sun zabi wuraren zama inda irin wannan kogon suke da sauki a samu.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kewayen Comoros suna matukar sonta - saboda aiki mai dorewa da aka daɗe ana yi, yawancin hanyoyin ruwa a ciki sun bayyana a wurin, wanda ya dace da coelacanth. Akwai wani yanayi mafi mahimmanci: suna rayuwa ne kawai a wuraren da tsabtataccen ruwa yake shiga cikin teku ta cikin kogon.

Yanzu kun san inda kifin cysterae coelacanth yake zaune. Bari mu ga abin da ta ci.

Me ke cin coelacanth?

Hoto: coelacanth na zamani

Wannan kifi ne mai tsinkaye, amma yana iyo a hankali. Wannan shine ke tantance abincincinta - ashe yana kunshe da kananan halittu masu rai, basu iya iyo ba har ma daga ita.

• kifi mai matsakaici - berix, snappers, Cardinal, elels,
• kifin kaji da sauran mollusks,
• kifayen teku da sauran kananan kifaye,
• kananan sharks.

Coelacanth suna neman abinci a cikin kogo guda guda inda suke zaune mafi yawan lokuta, yin iyo kusa da bangon su kuma tsotsa cikin ganima wanda ke ɓoye cikin ɓoye - tsarin kwanyar da jaws ɗin ya basu damar ɗaukar abinci da ƙarfi. Idan bai isa ba, kuma kifin yana jin yunwar, to da daddare yakan fantsama ya nemi abinci kusa da shimfidar.

Yana iya isa ga manyan ganima - don wannan dalili, an yi hakora ne, ƙananan ƙananan. Saboda duk motsin ta, idan coelacanth ta riga ta kama ganima, zai zama da wahala ta wargaje - kifi ne mai ƙarfi. Amma hakora ba su dace da cizon da cizon nama ba, don haka dole ne ka hadiye wanda aka cutar da shi gaba daya.

A dabi'a, ana narke shi na wani dogon lokaci, wanda coelacanth yana da ingantacciyar ƙwayar karkara - ƙayyadadden sashin ƙwayar cuta a cikin ordersan umarni kifaye. Narkewa a ciki yana da tsawo, amma yana ba ku damar cin kusan komai ba tare da sakamako mara kyau ba.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Za a iya nazarin coelacanth mai rai kawai a cikin ruwa - lokacin da kuka hau zuwa sama, damuwa na numfashi yana faruwa saboda ruwan zafi sosai, kuma yakan mutu koda kun sa cikin sauri a cikin ruwan sanyi.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Latimeria daga Littafin Jan

Rana coelacanth yana ciyarwa a cikin kogo, yana hutawa, amma da dare sukan farauta, yayin da duka biyun zasu iya shiga zurfin cikin ruwa kuma gaba ɗaya. Ba sa kashe kuzari sosai a kan iyo: suna ƙoƙarin hawa hanya kuma suna ba da izinin ɗaukar kansa, kuma ƙegunan kawai suna saita alkibla kuma suna zagaye shingaye.

Kodayake coelacanth da jinkirin kifi, amma tsarin ƙegen nasa fasali ne mai ban sha'awa da za'a yi nazari, sun ƙyale shi ya iyo a hanyar da ba ta dace ba. Da farko, yana buƙatar hanzartawa, wanda shine ya lalata ƙashin ruwa tare da ƙashin ƙashi, sannan kuma ya fiɗa a cikin ruwa fiye da iyo a kai - banbanci daga mafi yawan kifayen yayin motsawa yana bugewa.

Doarshen dorsal na farko yana aiki a matsayin wani jirgi mai filafilai, kuma fin wutsiyar ba ta tsaya a mafi yawan lokuta ba, amma idan kifin yana cikin haɗari, zai iya yin huhun tare da shi. Idan tana bukatar ta juya, sai ta danna pectoral fin na jikin, sai na biyu ya daidaita. Alherin a cikin motsi na coelacanth ba yawa bane, amma yana kashe kuzarirsa ta tattalin arziki sosai.

Wannan gabaɗaya shine babban abu a cikin yanayin coelacanth: yafi ƙanƙantar da kai da rashin sani, a asali ba tashin hankali ba ne, kuma duk ƙoƙarin da ƙungiyar wannan kifin ke da niyyar adana albarkatu. Kuma a cikin wannan juyin halitta, an sami babban ci gaba!

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Da rana, coelacanth na taruwa a cikin kogo cikin rukuni, amma babu wani tsarin dabi'a guda ɗaya: kamar yadda masu bincike suka kafa, wasu mutane kullun suna hallara a kogon guda, yayin da wasu ke iyo a cikin kogon daban daban kowane lokaci, don haka canza kungiyar. Abin da ya kamata bai tabbata ba tukuna.

Coelacanth sune ovoviviparous, embryos harma suna da hakora da ingantaccen tsarin narkewa abinci tun ma kafin a haife su - masu binciken sunyi imanin cewa suna ciyar da kwayoyi masu yawa. Aan mata masu juna biyu da aka kama suna ba da shawarar waɗannan ra'ayoyin: a cikin waɗanda haihuwarsu ta kasance a farkon mataki, an samo qwai 50-70, kuma a cikin waɗanda mahaifa ke kusa da haihuwa, sun juya da ƙarancin girma - daga 5 zuwa 30.

Amfrayo kuma suna ciyarwa ta hanyar sha madarar ciki. Tsarin tsarin kifayen an inganta shi gaba ɗaya, yana ba da izinin haihuwar da aka riga aka kafa da kuma manyan soya, waɗanda za su iya tsayawa da kansu nan da nan. Ciki yakan wuce shekara guda.

Kuma lokacin balaga yana faruwa yayin da yake shekara 20, bayan haka haihuwa yana faruwa sau daya a cikin shekaru 3-4. Tarancin ciki na ciki ne, kodayake masana kimiyya har yanzu basu san cikakken bayani ba. Hakanan ba a kafa ta ba inda coelacanth matasa ke zaune - ba sa zama a cikin kogo tare da dattawa, don duk lokacin bincike guda biyu ne kawai aka samo, kuma kawai sun yi iyo a cikin teku.

Abokan halitta na coelacanth

Hoto: kifin coelacanth

Coelacanth na manya babban kifi ne kuma, duk da saurin sa, yana da ikon kare kansa. Daga cikin makwabta mazaunan tekun, ba tare da manyan matsaloli ba, manyan kifayen sharhi ne kawai za su iya magance ta. Saboda coelacanth kawai suna jin tsoro - bayan duk, sharks suna cinye kusan duk abin da yake kama ido kawai.

Hatta takamaiman dandano na naman coelacanth, bada ƙarfi ga naman da ya lalace, ba ya dame su kwata-kwata - saboda basa ƙin cin ainihin abinci. Amma wannan dandano ta wata hanya ya ba da gudummawa ga kiyaye coelacanth - mutanen da ke zaune kusa da mazauninsu, ba kamar masana kimiyya ba, sun daɗe da sani game da su, amma kusan basu taɓa amfani da su don abinci ba.

Amma wani lokacin har yanzu suna ci, saboda sun yi imani cewa naman coelacanth yana da tasiri ga cutar cizon sauro. A kowane hali, kamarsu ba ta aiki, saboda haka watakila yawan jama'a ya kasance a kusan daidai matakin. Sun sha wahala sosai a lokacin da aka kafa kasuwar baƙar fata ta ainihi, a cikin abin da suke sayar da ruwa daga shahararrun abubuwan da suke ciki.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: magabatan coelacanth suna da cikakkiyar huhun ciki, har yanzu mahaifar tayi tayi - amma yayin da tayi tayi, haɓakar huhu a jikinta tayi tafiya a hankali, kuma a sakamakon haka, basa ci gaba. Latimeria sun daina zama dole bayan ya fara zama a cikin ruwa mai zurfi - da farko, masana kimiyya sun ɗauki waɗannan ragowar ƙwayar huhu kamar mafitsara a kifi.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Cystepera kifi coelacanth

An san jinsunan Indonesiyan a matsayin masu rauni, kuma speciesan Comorar suna kan gab da ƙarewa. Dukansu suna kiyayewa, haramtaccen kamunansu ne. Kafin a bude hukuma na wannan kifayen, duk da cewa mazaunan yankunan karkarar sun san game da su, amma ba su kama su musamman ba, tunda ba su ci su ba.

Bayan gano, an ci gaba na dan wani lokaci, amma sai jita-jitar da aka yada cewa ruwan da aka fitar daga mahimmin aikinsu na iya tsawaita rayuwa. Akwai wasu - alal misali, cewa zaku iya yin zubin ƙauna daga garesu. Sannan, duk da haramcin, sun fara kamo su sosai, saboda farashin wannan ruwa ya yi yawa.

Mawaka sun kasance masu aiki a shekarun 1980, sakamakon abin da masu bincike suka gano cewa yawan jama'a ya ragu sosai, zuwa mahimmancin daraja - bisa ƙididdigar su, a tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, coelacanth 300 kawai suka rage a yankin Comoros. Sakamakon matakan da masu fada aji suka yi, ya inganta adadin su, kuma yanzu an kiyasta mutane 400-500 ne.

Yawancin coelacanth na zaune a bakin iyakar Afirka ta Kudu kuma a cikin Tekun Sulawesi ba'a riga an kafa irin wannan ba. Ana tsammanin suna 'yan kaɗan a farkon shari'ar (ba makawa cewa muna magana ne game da ɗaruruwan mutane). A karo na biyu, mai watsarwar zai iya zama babba - kusan daga 100 zuwa 1,000 mutane.

Kariya daga coelacanth

Hoto: Kifi na Limeria daga Littafin Jan

Bayan Faransa ta samo coelacanth a kusa da Comoros, asalin mulkin da suka kasance a lokacin, an gano wannan kifin a matsayin dukiyar ƙasa kuma ana karɓar ta ƙarƙashin kariya. An hana su kamawa sai dai waɗanda suka sami izini na musamman daga hukumomin Faransa.

Bayan tsibiran sun sami 'yanci na dogon lokaci, ba a ɗauki matakan kare coelacanth ba kwata-kwata, sakamakon wannan bautar ta farauta da yawa. Sai kawai a ƙarshen 90s, gwagwarmaya mai aiki ya fara tare da shi, an fara amfani da hukunci mai zafi ga waɗanda aka kama da coelacanth.

Kuma jita-jita game da ikon al'ajabin su ya fara raguwa - a sakamakon haka, kusan ba a kama su yanzu ba, kuma sun daina mutuwa, duk da cewa adadinsu ƙanana ne, saboda waɗannan kifayen suna farawa a hankali. A cikin Comoros, ana ayyana su a matsayin dukiyar ƙasa.

Gano yawan jama'a kusa da Afirka ta Kudu da wani nau'in Indonesiya ya ba masana kimiyya damar yin numfashi da yardar rai, amma har ila yau ana kiyaye shi, ana hana cinikinsu, kuma an ɗora wannan dokar ne a wasu lokuta na musamman don dalilai na bincike.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Coelacanth na iya iyo a cikin matattun wurare: misali, ciki sama ko baya. Suna yin wannan a kai a kai, a garesu dabi'a ce a gare su kuma ba su fuskantar wahala ba. Suna bukatar jujjuya kawunan su - suna yin hakan da tsari mai kyau, kowane lokacin da ya rage a wannan matsayin na mintuna da yawa.

Coelacanth m ga kimiyya, sakamakon lura da shi da kuma nazarin tsarinsa, koyaushe ana buɗe sabbin abubuwa game da yadda juyin halitta ya ci gaba. Akwai yan kadan daga cikinsu a duniyar tamu, kuma saboda haka suna bukatar kariya - bama dai, yawan jama'ar ya kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali ba da dadewa ba, kuma har yanzu ba a fuskantar barazanar kifayen kifayen ba.

Kifin Coelacanth

Kifin Coelacanth shine mafi kusancin haɗin tsakanin kifi da halittun amphibian na farko waɗanda suka yi canji daga teku zuwa ƙasa a cikin zamanin Devoniya kimanin shekaru 408-362 miliyan da suka gabata. A da can an yi tsammani cewa gaba ɗaya jinsin sun kasance tsawon shekaru, har sai masunta daga Afirka ta Kudu suka kama ɗaya daga cikin wakilanta, a shekarar 1938. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an yi nazari sosai, kodayake har yanzu akwai sauran asirin da ke kewaye da coelacanth kifin prehistoric.

Rayuwa, halayya

Yayin rana, coelacanth "ƙyanƙyashe" a cikin kogo cikin rukuni na 12-13 kifi. Waɗannan dabbobi ba su daina shiga ba. Coelacanth yana jagorantar rayuwa mai zurfi, wanda ke taimaka wajan kashe kuzari a bisa tattalin arziki (an yi imanin cewa hazarin su yana raguwa a wani zurfi), kuma zaka iya haɗuwa kaɗan tare da masu hasashen. Bayan faɗuwar rana, waɗannan kifayen suna barin kogon daga cikinsu kuma a hankali suna shawagi tare da abin da ake buƙata, da alama suna neman abinci ne a tsakanin mita 1-3 daga ƙasa. A cikin wadannan hare-hare na farauta babu dare, coelacanth na iya iyo kamar kilomita 8, bayan haka, lokacin alfijir, ya sami mafaka a cikin kogo mafi kusa.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Yayin neman wanda aka azabtar ko motsi daga kogo daya zuwa waccan, coelacanth yana motsawa cikin motsi mai sauri, ko kuma yana tafiya gabaɗaya tare da kwarararwa, ta amfani da ƙararraki da ƙashin ƙugu don daidaita matsayin jiki a sararin samaniya.

Coelacanth, saboda kebantaccen tsarin ƙashin kansa, na iya rataye sarari kai tsaye, ciki, sama ko ƙasa. Da farko, an yi imani da kuskuren cewa ta iya tafiya tare da ƙasa. Amma coelacanth baya amfani da ƙasan ƙofofinsa don tafiya tare da ƙasan, kuma koda yana hutawa a cikin kogo baya taɓa ma'adanin. Kamar mafi yawan kifaye masu saurin motsawa, coelacanth na iya fashewa kwatsam ko kuma cikin sauri tare da motsin babban caudal fin.

Yaya yawan rayuwar coelacanth

Dangane da rahoton da ba a tabbatar ba, mafi yawan shekarun kifayen coelacanth shine shekaru 80. Waɗannan kifaye masu rai na gaskiya ne. Wataƙila don kula da dorewa na tsawon wannan lokaci don tsira da ɗaruruwan dubban shekaru, an taimaka musu ta hanyar auna yanayin rayuwa mai zurfi wanda zai ba su damar ciyar da mahimmancinsu ta tattalin arziƙi yadda zai yiwu, tserewa daga masu hasara da rayuwa cikin yanayin zazzabi mai nutsuwa.

Habitat, mazauni

Wannan nau'in, wanda aka sani da suna "burbushin rayuwa", ana samun su ne a cikin Indo-Western Pacific Ocean a kusa da Manyan Comoro da tsibirin Anjouan, iyakar Afirka ta Kudu, Madagascar da Mozambique.

Nazarin yawan jama'a ya ɗauki fiye da shekaru goma sha biyu. Muhimmin Coelacanth, wanda aka kama a shekarar 1938, daga ƙarshe ya haifar da gano adadi na farko da aka rubuta a cikin Comoros tsakanin Afirka da Madagascar. Koyaya, tsawon shekaru sittin yana dauke shi ɗan mazaunin coelacanth.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! A cikin 2003, IMS ta haɗu da shirin Afirka na "Celacant" don tsara ƙarin bincike. A ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2003, an gano farkon binciken a Kudancin Tanzania a cikin Songo Mnar, wanda ya mai da Tanzania kasa ta shida don yin rikodin kasancewar coelacanth.

A ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2007, masunta sun kama mutane da yawa daga Nungwi, arewacin Zanzibar. Masu bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Ilmi na Zanzibar (IMS), karkashin jagorancin Dr. Nariman Jiddawi, suka isa wurin kai tsaye don gano kifin a matsayin Latimeria chalumnae.

Abincin Coelacanth

Bayanai masu sa ido sun goyi bayan ra'ayin cewa wannan kifin ya lalace kuma ya yi sanadin cizo da gangan a ɗan gajeren lokaci, ta amfani da jajayen abubuwa masu ƙarfi lokacin da wanda abin ya shafa ya isa. Dangane da abubuwan da ke cikin mutanen da aka kama, ya bayyana cewa coelacanth aƙalla ya ci abincin wakilan daga cikin tekun. Hakanan, abubuwan lura sun tabbatar da sigar cewa kifayen suna da aikin wutan lantarki daga jikin kwayoyin halittar. Wannan yana basu damar sanin abubuwa a cikin ruwa ta filin wutan lantarki.

Kiwo da zuriya

Saboda zurfin yanayin yanayin ruwa na wadannan kifayen, ba a san komai game da yanayin yanayin halittar halittar. A yanzu, ya bayyana a sarari cewa coelacanth sune kifaye masu kamun kifi. Kodayake a baya an yi imani cewa kifin yana samar da ƙwai waɗanda maza ke haɗuwa da su. Wannan gaskiyar ta tabbatar da kasancewar ƙwai a cikin mace da aka kama. Girman kwai ɗaya kuwa girman ƙwallon tanis.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Femaleaya mace, a matsayin mai mulkin, a lokaci guda tana samarwa daga 8 to 26 live fry. Girman ɗayan ƙwayoyin coelacanth daga 36 zuwa 38 santimita. A lokacin haihuwa, suna da matukar haɓaka hakora, ƙeƙayi da sikeli.

Bayan haihuwa, kowane tayin yana da babban kwalaba na gwaiduwa da ke haɗe da kirji, wanda ke ba shi abinci mai gina jiki yayin lokacin haihuwa. A matakai na gaba na ci gaba, lokacinda wadatar gwaiduwa ta yanke, kwayar gwaiduwa ta waje kamar ana matse shi kuma a saka shi cikin ratsa jiki.

Shekarun lokacin haihuwar mace kimanin watanni 13 kenan. Don haka, ana iya ɗauka cewa mata za su iya haihuwa ne kawai a duk shekara ta biyu ko ta uku.

Kifi na kamun kifi

Kifin Coelacanth bai dace da amfanin abinci ba. Koyaya, kamawarsa ta dade tana zama ainihin matsala ga masu ilimin kimiyyar halitta. Masunta, da ke son jawo hankalin masu siyar da yawon bude ido, sun kama ta ne don ƙirƙirar dabbobi masu kayatarwa don tarin masu zaman kansu. Wannan ya haifar da lalacewar ba-zata ga yawan jama'a. Sabili da haka, a yanzu, an cire coelacanth daga cinikin duniya kuma an jera shi a cikin Littafin Layi.

Masunta na tsibirin Greater Comoro suma sun sanya dokar hana fita ta kamun kifi a wuraren da coelacanth (ko kuma "gombessa" yake, kamar yadda aka san su a cikin gida) suna nan, wanda yake da muhimmanci don cakuɗa sananniyar sananniyar ƙasar. Batun ceton coelacanth shima ya shafi rarraba tsakanin masunta kayan aiki don kamun kifi a wuraren da basu dace da mazaunin coelacanth ba, kuma sun baka damar dawo da kifayen da aka kama da bazata zuwa mazauninsu na asali. Kwanan nan, akwai alamun ƙarfafawa cewa yawan jama'a

Comoros yana gudanar da sahihiyar kulawa akan duk nau'in kifayen da ake dasu. Latimeria suna da daraja ta musamman ga duniyar kimiyyar zamani, yana ba ku damar iya daidaita hoton duniyar da ta kasance miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata. Godiya ga wannan, coelacanth har yanzu ana ɗauke da mafi mahimmancin jinsin don karatu.