Toafin toshodi yana hannun tsari ne na bakin giwayen. Tsawon jiki a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban ya bambanta daga 2 cm zuwa cm cm 5. Tare da nauyin jikin abu ɗaya - daga gram 10 zuwa kilo 3.6. Jikin yana da fadi da gajerun kafafu, babu hakarkarinsa. Fatar ta bushe, lokacin farin ciki, an rufe shi da tufkafa. Na ƙarshen na iya zama santsi ko kaifi. Pupalibin a kwance yake, a bayan idanu akwai glandon na musamman na parotid. Suna toshe gubobi waɗanda suke kariya daga maƙiya da cututtukan fata.

Wadannan 'yan amphibians suna jagoranci salon rayuwa, aiki da dare. Koyaya, akwai wasu nau'ikan ruwa masu ruwa da tsami. A lokaci guda, dukkan yatsun yatsun sa ƙwai a ruwa, ban da ovoviviparous. Suna ciyar da tsutsotsi, katantanwa, kwari. Toad ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya; ba a ɓoye kawai cikin yankuna masu sanyi, a Madagascar, da New Zealand, a yawancin tsibiran Tekun Pasifik.

Tsoho

Rogana ta kasance ta hanyar amintattun biyun bian Adam ne. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kasance daga cm 1.6 zuwa 32. Weight daga 'yan gram zuwa 3.2 kg. Fata yana da santsi da laima. Dalibin yana kwance a gefe bisa tsari. Parotids ba a bayyana. Hannun kafafu na baya suna da girma da kuma ƙarfi tare da ƙwayoyin membranes.

Yawancin kwaɗi suna rayuwa a cikin ko kusa da jikin ruwa. Wasu nau'in za su iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai tsananin ƙarfi. Akwai nau'ikan huhun ciki. Suna zaune a cikin tsaunuka. Jiki ya sanya qwai a cikin ruwa. Amma kuma, a cikin tsaunin teku, akwai wasu nau'in halittun da ke sa ƙwai a ƙasa.

Wadannan 'yan amphibians suna zaune ko'ina, ban da yankuna masu sanyi. Hakanan ba su cikin Kudancin Afirka, Kudancin Amurka, Madagascar da Ostiraliya, ban da ɓangaren arewa. A wasu ƙasashen Turai, a Afirka, a cikin Caribbean, mutane suna cinye ƙafar kwaɗi don abinci kuma suna ɗaukar su mai kyau ne.

Teburin kamanci da bambance-bambance tsakanin frogs da yatsun kafa

Frogs - Bayani

Frogs sune sunan gama gari don gungun dabbobi daga tsari irin na rashin amintattu marasa ƙarfi. A wata ma'ana mai fadi, kalmar "rana" tana nufin dukkan wakilai ne na tsarin rashin maye. A cikin kunkuntar hankali, ana amfani da wannan sunan ga wakilan dangin frogs na ainihi. Ana kiran larvae frog na tadpoles. Frogs ana rarrabawa a duk faɗin duniya - daga tropics zuwa yankuna subarctic, mafi yawan bambancin yana mai da hankali ne a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi.

Girman manya sun bambanta daga 8 mm (kunkuntar Paedophryne amauensis) zuwa 32 cm (goliath rana). Wakilai na kamawar suna da jiki mai nauyi, idanu mai haɓaka, harshe da aka zubce da kuma wata gabar jiki da aka ja a ƙarƙashin jikin, wutsiyar ba ta ɓuya. Gidajen frogs a kowane matakai na haɓaka sun haɗa da jikunan ruwa na ruwa, kuma ga manya, ya hada har da ƙasa, rawanin bishi da burbushin ƙasa. Hanyar mafi halayyar motsi frogs ita ce tsalle, amma nau'ikan nau'ikan sun ƙware da ƙarin hanyoyin: tafiya da gudu, iyo, hau-hawa, shiryawa.

Cigaban mahaɗan yana da wadatar arziki a cikin gland, ƙwayoyin fata na wasu nau'ikan suna da guba. Launin alade ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa, launin shuɗi da launin toka zuwa launuka masu haske, launin shuɗi da baƙar fata, galibi yana nuna alamar guba (ko kwaikwayo shi). Fata na frogs ya dace da ruwa, amma daidaitawa daban-daban yana ba su damar gujewa asarar ɗumbin yanayi lokacin rayuwar ƙasa.

Kwatanta frogs da yatsun kafa

Yawanci, frogs sun tsunduma cikin ruwa. Tsarin ruwa na ruwa, tadpoles tare da gills tare da wutsiyoyi ƙyanƙyashe daga qwai. Tadpoles yana tafiya ta hanyar metamorphosis, a ƙarshen abin da suke juya zuwa manya. A lokaci guda, wasu nau'in sun yi ƙasa a ƙasa, yayin da wasu ba sa wuce matakan tadpole. Tsofaffi mafi yawancin jinsuna sune masu farauta, waɗanda abincinsu ya ƙunshi ƙananan invertebrates, amma akwai nau'ikan iri-iri har ma da wasu nau'ikan da ke cin 'ya'yan itace.

Frogs suna da ikon tayar da siginar sauti mai yawa, musamman a lokacin matsewar. Abubuwan da ke lura da frogs sun bayyana halayen halayen halaye masu kyau a cikin ayyukan kiwo, tare da barazana ga rayuwa da sauran yanayi.

Yawancin nau'ikan frogs suna barazanar lalata. Mutane suna cin frogs a matsayin abinci, suna ɗauke da azaman dabbobi, a ƙari, frogs ɗin suna zama abubuwan ƙirar abin da ya dace don binciken ilimin halittu.

Toad - Bayani

Toads, ko toads na ainihi (lat. Bufonidae) - dangin amphibians marasa wutsiya, wanda kawai a ciki ake kiran dukkan wakilai "toads", kodayake ana iya kiran wasu nau'in frogs (alal misali, atelopes). A mafi girman matakin tsarin mulkin kai, amfani da kalmar 'toad' ba ta iyakance ga wannan dangi ba, har ila yau ana amfani da shi ne don jinsin daga wasu iyalai (alal misali: gyada-gwaiwa-toad, toad-toad, toad-dimbin fuska toad).

Bayyanar da girman yatsun toads sun bambanta sosai. Tsayin tsayin jiki daga 20 mm (Guiana harlequin) zuwa 250 mm (Blomberg toad). Jiki yawanci fadi ne, mai nauyi, gajerun kafafu. A fata yawanci bushe ga taɓawa, lokacin farin ciki, sau da yawa an rufe shi da yawa mai santsi ko kaifi tubercles-warts masu girma dabam. Harshen kunkuntar, babba ne. Hakora, a mafi yawan lokuta, an rage su ko kuma an rage su gaba daya. Dalibin yana a kwance, yatsun kafafu na baya ya hade da membrane na yin iyo.

Parotid gland (parotids), wanda ba ya cikin ɗumbin wurare masu zafi, ana iya ganin su a bayan idanun. Wadannan gland din suna dauke da guba na alkaloid - bufotoxin, wanda yake tona asirin yayin damuwa. Abun da yakamata da mai danshi a cikin jinsuna daban sun sha bamban. Ana amfani da gidan mutuƙar wasu toads (alal misali, Colorado toad) azaman wakilin psychotropic na hutu.

Maza na dangi suna da gaggarumar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta mai ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke tasowa a gefen gaban gwajin lardin kuma yana iya dagewa cikin yawancin manya. A ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, ƙwayar ta zama kwai mai aiki, kuma namiji, a zahiri, ya zama mace.

Toads su ne amintattu na ƙasa da ke shiga ruwa kawai don kwanciya ƙwai, amma akwai kuma wasu nau'ikan ruwa na ruwa (alal misali, ansonia) da arboreal (toads itace) Suna hibernate a cikin ƙasa. Suna ciyar da keɓantaccen kan ƙananan kwari: kwari, tsutsotsi da katantanwa. M amfani da kwari da aikin gona kwari.

Habitat

Frogs suna cin mafi yawan lokacinsu a cikin ruwa, saboda haka galibi ana iya samun su a bankunan tafkuna da fadama. An sadaukar da su ga wurin haihuwar su kuma ba su barin daga can duk rayuwarsu.

Jirgin ruwan raga ne na yau da kullun a cikin gidajen lambuna. Da yake ana haihuwar su cikin ruwa, sai su koma tafkinsu a duk lokacin da ake mashin. Sauran lokacin, toads yawanci suna zaune nesa da shi.

Bayyanar

Toads sun fi girma kuma sun fi fadi juye, jikinsu yayi laushi, yayi nauyi, kuma kawukansu suna kusa da kasa. Duk da ƙaramin girman jikin mutum, shugaban kwaɗi ya fi na toad, kuma banda, koyaushe ana ɗaga shi.

Fatar yatsan tayi toho, bushe, tare da tubercles, brown-brown a saman, da haske akan ciki, da duhu mai duhu. Frogs suna da laushi mai santsi, mai laushi da laima kamar dishi mai ruwa.

Dukkan yatsu da kwaɗi suna cinye abincinsu duka. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa dutsen ba shi da haƙora baki ɗaya. Frog yana da hakora, amma babba ne. Yarda da, cin abinci tare da rabi kawai na jaws ba dace.

Albarkatun:

1. Al'umma game da duniyar tsirrai don masoya da kwararru http://www.botanichka.ru
2. Fassarar harshen Rashanci S. I. Ozhegova
3. Yanar gizo da aka sadaukar da ita ga amphibians http://www.zemnovodik.ru

Dangane da Kalmomin Ma'anar Ozhegov, frogs da yatsun hannu suna da siffofin halayen da za a iya bambance su: kwaɗi suna da dogon kafafu waɗanda suka dace da tsalle-tsalle, kuma manyan toads suna da fata na fata. Ilimin halitta ya bayyana bambance-bambancen da yawa.

Caviar kwanciya

Dukkan yatsun da frogs sun fi so su sa qwai cikin ruwa. Kayan ƙwayayen sun kasance tare, kuma kamanninsu na yau da kullun suna kama da jel-kamar shuni. An haɗa ƙwai na toad a cikin sarkar, tsawon sa ya kai mita da yawa. Wannan sarkar ta rauni tana da rauni a cikin tawaye da yawa a kusa da shuka a cikin ruwa.

Frog da tsuntsu

Abubuwan da ake son abinci

Babban abincin frogs da yatsun kafa shine kwari, kuma yawancin su kwari ne. Kowane nau'in yana da kayan abinci da ya fi so: naman daji yana fifita gizo-gizo da cicadas, ciyawar da take fifita tsintsaye da ciyayin, toka mafi kyau itace fi son kwari da tururuwa, da kore toad kwari. Amma idan abincin da kuka fi so ya ɓace, to, za su yi farin cikin cin duk wasu halittu da suka zo a baya: bear, weevils, wireworms, Colorado dankalin turawa, ƙwanƙwasa da kansu, ƙwayar katako da sauran su. Asari masu tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle-tsalle kan kwari masu tashi, da suka hada da sauro da katako.

Rogar rana tana cin abinci 1-2 na abinci a kowace rana, yatsan - har zuwa g 8. An ƙiyasta cewa a lokacin rani ciyawar ciyawar tana cin kusan kwari 1300. Yawan kwari da kwayoyi da yatsu suka ci sau biyu zuwa uku ya fi na tsuntsayen kwari. Ba sa ƙin kwari tare da wari mara kyau da dandano, alal misali, daga larvae na dankalin turawa irin ƙwaro, wanda tsuntsayen ba sa ci. Suna kama kwari da kyau fiye da tsuntsaye, launin da yake hade da asalin. Suna farauta da daddare lokacin da tsuntsaye suke bacci, suna cin kwari da ke haifar da rayuwa ta yau da kullun: ɗabi'ar kwari, kwari, kwari, kwari.

Frogs da toads a cikin lambu

Frogs da toads, duk da bayyanar su mara kyau da murya mai ƙarfi, sun fi yiwuwa abokai ne fiye da abokan gaba akan rukunin yanar gizon mu. Babban abinci na amphibians kwari ne, yawancin kwari. Saboda haka, gogaggen lambu da gangan haifar da yanayi mai kyau na rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi a cikin lambun su da lambun.

Jikin macijin ya fi son gizo-gizo da cicadas, ciyawar kan fi son tsintsaye da kuma ciyawar ciyayi, launin toka ya fi son kwari da tururuwa, da kuma kore toad fi son kwari. Har ila yau suna cinye huhun, bears, wireworms, larvae na ƙwanƙwasa Colorado, caterpillars da sauran kwari. Kwazo masu tsalle suna kama malam buɗe ido da sauro. Matasa frogs suka farauto gidan sauro, da huhun jeji.

A lokacin bazara, a kan kowane ɗari na gonar, toads da kwaɗi suna cinye kwari har dubu. Kuma adadin nau'in kwari masu lalatarwa da ke yatsu da kwaɗi ya ninka sau 2-3 fiye da adadin kuɗin da tsuntsayen dabbobi ke ci. Wannan saboda babban abincin abinci na amphibians ya ƙunshi kwari tare da wari mara kyau da canza launi. Bugu da kari, dabbobi suna farauta cikin duhu, suna lalata kwari ba kwari, matattararsu da kuma matsewar filayen - kwari da ba a sani ba, yayin da tsuntsaye suke bacci.

Yanayin rayuwa mai kyau don yatsun kafa da frogs a shafin

Garkunan kwalliya na kwalliya da tafkuna suna ba da gudummawa ga rayuwa da haɓaka adadin amphibians. Frogs da toads za su zauna cikin farin ciki cikin farin ciki idan suka shirya kandami mai ɗorawa daga wani kwano mai zurfi, tebur, tayoyin mota ko tsohuwar wanka. A gefen bakin tafkin, yana da kyau a sanya katako saboda dabbobin su sami nutsuwa daga cikin ruwa.

An sake saita kandami a mafi ƙasƙancin wurin. Ya kamata a sami isasshen zurfin da ba daskarewa zuwa ƙasa a cikin hunturu.

A cikin gidajen katako, zaku iya barin kwantena mai lebur tare da ruwa a ƙarƙashin ganyen cucumbers. Kuma sanya akwai kamar frogs. Adsofa za su yi murna da “wuraren zama” daga sandunan katako, rassan da tubalin da aka bari a gonar. A cikin wuraren ɓoye na lambun, yana da kyau a bar wuraren da ciyawar ciyawar. Irin waɗannan wurare za su zama mafaka ga dabbobi masu amfani.

A ina suke da toads suke zaune?

An rarraba waɗannan 'yan amphibians a duniya, ban da na Australiya da Antarctica. Banda shine toad aga, wanda aka shigo dashi cikin yankin Green Yankuna da tsibirai masu kusa. A cikin yanayi, yatsun da yawa sukan zabi gadajen rafi, gandun daji, fadama - wato, laima kuma ba wurare masu zafi ba. Wasu lokuta bishiyoyi na iya zama gidan yadin yage.

Don lokacin hunturu, waɗannan dabbobin suna hibernate, suna hawa zuwa wurin da ba kowa: a ƙarƙashin ganyayyaki da suka fadi ko kuma mafaka ta halitta.

Saurari muryar murfin

Muryar Toad Yeah

Sautin kore kore

Muryar Reza itace

Mace da ke hadi da mace tayi ƙwai, tana da tsawo kamar ƙyallen ƙwarya. Shiryawa yana daga kwanaki 5 zuwa 60. Manyan toads a waje wadanda suke da kamannin kifin mai soya: basu da wata gabar jiki.

Ee, mai guba, saboda haka ana kama su cikin safofin hannu.

Akwai wani abin ban mamaki ban da dokar gaba daya game da kiwo cikin yatsun kafa: akwai kadai toshon toad a duniya da ke rayuwa a Afirka. Tana dauke da heran ta gaba a cikin kanta har tsawon watanni 9, bayan haka sai ta haihu da rayuwa da ƙananan yatsu.

Abokan Toads

Waɗannan dabbobin ana farauta da ibises, storks, macizai, minks, boars daji, foxes, raccoons, herons. Talakawa (ba mai guba) toads ba su da kariya sosai a kan abokan gabarsu, yawan haihuwa ne kawai yake cetar da ire-irensu.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.