Daga cikin dukkan tururuwa da ke zaune a Nahiyar Afirka, babban (an (lat. Tragelaphus mai saukarwa) suna da mafi kyawun bayyanuwa da abin tunawa. Wadannan dabbobi masu tsayi da daraja suna girma zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi a cikin kafadu kuma suna iya ɗaukar kilo kilo ɗari uku, don haka kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manya manyan tsalle-tsalle a duniya.
Asalin asalinsu shine gabashin da tsakiyar Afirka. A nan, ya danganta da lokacin, suna zaune a filayen, savannas, gandun daji da aka rufe da bishiyoyi, lokaci-lokaci hamadain hamada, kuma a lokacin rani sukan taru tare bankunan koguna. Lokacin da kake zaɓar wuraren zama da bincika abinci, babban dan wasa ya fi son tsirrai da ke ɓoye su daga jeji, damisa da zakuna.
Ulu mai launin shuɗi mai launin launin ruwan gwal mai ɗauke da manyan launuka an kawata shi da fararen fararen fata a gefuna, fararen alamu a kan cheeks da raunin diagonal tsakanin idanu, wanda ake kira chevrons. Gashin maza sunyi duhu, mai launin toka, kuma mace da cuba arean ana yin zane a sautunan m - wannan yana sa su zama marasa ganuwa a cikin ciyawar savannah.
Babban amfanin manyan kuduan maza manya manyan ƙaho ne da aka zana su. Ba kamar barewa ba, kudu ba sa rasa ƙahonin kuma ku zauna tare da su duk rayuwarsu. Ana murƙushe ƙahon tsoho na shekaru biyu da rabi kuma yayi girma bisa gwargwadon tsarin aiki: yana fitowa a farkon shekarar rayuwar namiji, cikin shekaru biyu suna yin sauyi guda ɗaya, kuma suna ɗaukar matsayinsu na ƙarshe ban da shekaru shida. Idan an fitar da babban Kakakin Kudu a cikin layi ɗaya madaidaiciya, to tsayinsa zai yi ƙasa da mitoci biyu.
Manyan ƙahoni hanya ce madaidaiciya don kare kai daga masu farauta da kuma babban muhawara a cikin lokacin dabbar, lokacin da maza ke yin faɗa don jan hankalin mata. Koyaya, yin alfahari da wuce gona da iri na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako a wasu lokutan - maza da ke manne da ƙahonsu sosai ba za su iya 'yantar da kansu ba, kuma wannan yana haifar da mutuwar duka dabbobi. A duk sauran halayen, ba su tsoma baki tare da rayuwar dabbar, kuma yana sauƙaƙawa sauƙaƙa ko da tsakanin bishiyoyi masu haɓaka sosai, yana ɗaga gashinsa da danna ƙahonsa a kansa.
Manyan kuduan maza sun yi rayuwa daban, suna haɗuwa da mace yayin aure. Matan da ke da sanduna suna haɗuwa cikin ƙananan rukuni, daga mutane uku zuwa goma, suna ƙoƙarin ciyar da mafi yawan lokaci tsakanin tsintsaye ko cikin ciyawa masu tsayi. Abubuwan da suke da kariya na kariya ta yadda ya dace da matsayin sa - kawai ƙwararren ido ne da hazikanci zai iya ganin tsayawa a ciki.
Kundin rawar jiki da farko ya daskare wuri, yana jujjuya manyan kunnuwan sa, sannan kuma da sauri ya koma gefe. A lokaci guda, yana yin sautin haushi (mafi ƙarfi a tsakanin duk tururuwa), yana faɗakar da wasu game da haɗarin.
Saƙon farin wutsiya mai rarrafe shi ma faɗakarwa ne. Duk da ƙaƙƙarfan halinsu, babban kyann suna da kyau jumpers waɗanda zasu iya shawo kan shingaye har tsayin mita uku. Ta ɓoye daga mai bin shi kuma don yin ɗan gajeren zango, Kudu ta tsaya don tantance halin da ake ciki. Mafi yawan lokuta, wannan al'ada ta zama kuskure gareshi.
Tun zamanin da, ana ɗaukan ƙahon girma na babban dutsen a matsayin babbar kima ga mafarauta daga ko'ina cikin duniya waɗanda ke zuwa Afirka don yaƙi tare da waɗannan yunƙurin.
Saurari muryar Kakakin Kudu
Wani babban kararrawa bera mai farin wutsiya. Wadannan tururuwa suna tsalle da kyau; har ma babban faɗin jikinsu baya damun su. Suna iya tsalle akan shinge game da tsayin mita uku. Babban kuduan wasan yana da al'ada ta musamman - tafi daga biɗar, gudu ɗan nesa da tsayawa don kallo. Wannan halayen na iya zama mai muni don zaren.
Nahiyar Afirka na kula da namun daji masu dumbin yawa ta hanyar hamada, savannas, kwaruruka masu yawa da gandun daji. Afirka tana da dabba mafi girma a duniya (giwayen Afirka) kuma mafi tsayi dabba (giraffe) a duniya. Amma akwai wasu sauran dabbobi masu ban sha'awa na Afirka waɗanda kuke buƙatar sani game da su. Misali, Manyan dabbobi 10 masu ban mamaki da aka samo kawai a Afirka.
Photo Harvey Barrison flickr.com
Bayanan Ban sha'awa Game da Big Kudu
Kudancin Kudu babban birgewa ne mai ban sha'awa da ke gabas da Afirka ta Kudu. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na savannah da tsaunin dutse.
Wannan shi ne ɗayan mafi tsawo daga duniya. Ana samun ƙaho biyu mai ban sha'awa a cikin mata. Kakakin su na iya yin tsawon mita 1 tare da maɓallin 2 da 1/2. Maza suna amfani da dogayen ƙahonsu don kare kansu daga mafarautan.
Maza suna da tsawon jiki na mita 2 zuwa 2.5 kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilo 315. Mata sun fi maza yawa. Tsawonsu yakai mita 1.85-2.3, kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilo 215.
Babban taya suna da gashi mai launin ruwan hoda-5 tare da rabeffiyar fararen madaidaiciya. Kuma suna da sananniyar farar fata tsakanin idanu.
Waɗannan tururuwa dabbobi ne na zamantakewa. Mata suna yin rukuni-rukuni wanda ya ƙunshi mutane 25. Maza suna haɗuwa da ƙungiyoyi kawai yayin lokacin mating.
Wannan babban nau'in antelope yana ciyar da ganye, ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni. A cikin daji, babban kisa yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 7, kuma a cikin zaman talala, za su iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 20.
Kaya (Stenessio kamus)
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da ostriches
Tsuntsaye marasa tashiwa, ostriches sune tsuntsaye mafi girma a duniya. Suna da tsawon 2 zuwa 2.7 m kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilogram 160. Ana samun ostaces a cikin savannahs da filayen hamada na Tsakiyar da Afirka ta kudu.
Ostriches kuma ana kiranta "tsuntsaye raƙumi" saboda suna iya jure zafi kuma suna rayuwa tsawon lokaci ba tare da ruwa ba.
Fuska mai laushi da laushi na manya manyan ostriches baki ne da wutsiyarsu fari. Sabanin haka, mace tana da launin fatar gashin gashin launin toka-mai launin ruwan kasa. Neckyashin ostriches dogo ne tsirara.
Tare da dogayen kafafu masu ƙarfi, ostriches na iya isa matsakaicin saurin kilomita 69 a kowace awa. Kowane kafa na naman jimin na da kaifi sosai. Kafafunsu suna da ƙarfi isa su kashe mutum da busa ɗaya. Tatsuniya suna amfani da kafafuwansu a matsayin babban makamin su don kare kansu daga masu dabaibaye kamar su zaki, damisa, damisa da kuma dodannin.
Ostriches suna zaune a cikin ƙananan garken dabbobi waɗanda ke ɗauke da mutane 10-12. 15 cm a tsayi ita ce girman ƙwai mafi girma a duniya wanda ƙwallaye suka faɗo. Wadannan manyan tsuntsayen omnivores ne, kuma suna ciyar da ganyayyaki, asalinsu, tsaba, ƙwari, kwari da macizai. Ostriches kuma suna cikin pebbles da ƙananan duwatsu don niƙa abinci a cikin ciki.
Kitoglav (Balaeniceps rex)
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da Whale
Daya daga cikin mafi munin tsuntsayen duniya shine wannan. Tsuntsu yana da babban katako wanda zai iya girma zuwa cm 22. Wannan tsuntsu mai ban mamaki za'a iya samun shi a cikin fadowar gabashin Afirka.
Kifayen Whale sune nau'ikan daya wanda za'a iya jefa shi cikin hadari nan gaba. Lalacewar Habitat da farauta babbar barazana ce a gare su.
Manyan kifi Whale na iya kaiwa ga cm 120 a tsayi kuma yayi nauyi daga kilo 4 zuwa 6. Suna da launin toka-mai launin toka mai kauri da fikafikan fadi.
Whaleheads sune kaddara da ke kawo hari daga kwanton bauna, wanda ke nufin cewa basa zama babu motsi har sai abinda ganima ya kusanci su. Daga nan sai suka fara kai hari ta hanyar amfani da karfin bera. Abincin kaji ya kunshi kwarkwata, kunkuru, macizai na ruwa da bera.
Hakanan, whalehead yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan tsuntsayen duniya. Bayan haka, suna haɗuwa ne kawai a lokacin lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin.
Wildebeest (Kwayan)
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da wildebeest
Haka yake a farkon kallo zuwa sa, wildebeest a zahiri yana cikin dangin magariba. Akwai nau'ikan daban-daban guda biyu na waɗannan antelopes - black wildebeest da shuɗi wildebeest. Dukkan jinsunan an samo su ne kawai a Afirka. Suna zaune a cikin gandun daji buɗewa da filayen kwari.
Wildebeest na iya isa mita 2.5 a tsawan shi kuma ya kai nauyi kilo 275. Duk maza da mata na wildebeest suna da kaho. Waɗannan dabbobin suna zama cikin manyan garkunan dabbobi.
Tsakanin Mayu da Yuni, lokacin da wuraren abinci ke fama da karanci, wildebeest na ƙaura zuwa arewa. Theungiyar ƙaura ta ƙunshi mutane miliyan 1.2-1.5. Hakanan suna tare da dubunnin zebra da gaelles. Wannan shine mafi girman ƙaura daga dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya.
Wildebeest na iya yin tafiyar mil fiye da 50 a cikin kwana ɗaya. Yayin hijirar, tururuwa suna rufe nesa da kusan 1000-1600 km.
Mafi yawan lokuta wildebeest suna cin gajeren ciyawa. Zakuna, alatu, dawakai da karnukan daji sune manyan maqiyansu.
Mandrill
Hujjojin Mandaril mai ban sha'awa
Mandrill shine mafi girman nau'in biri a duniya. Suna da tsawon jiki na 60 zuwa 90 cm, kuma nauyinsu ya kai 38 kg. Manoman suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da dazuzzukan daji na Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka.
Tabbas suna daga cikin manyan birai a duniya. Suna da kyawawan abubuwa masu yawa, Ja-kore mai furfura da kuma launin toka mai kauri. Dogon hanci mai ban sha'awa na mandrill yana da jan tsumma. Maza sun fi girma da launi fiye da na mace.
Ran dabbobi suna da dabbobi masu zaman kansu, kuma suna zama a cikin manyan rukuni waɗanda ke ɗauke da mutane kusan 200.
Baya ga launi da girma, waɗannan birai suna da tsummoki masu tsayi waɗanda suka girma zuwa 63.5 cm. Suna amfani da manyann mayafinsu don tsoratar da mafarauta.
Mandrills suna aiki da rana. Suna da firam ɗin kunci don adana abincin da suke tarawa. Su ne omnivores kuma suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, tsaba, kwari, qwai da tsutsotsi.
Lemar tsami (Lemuriformes)
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da lemurs
Lemurs ne mayuka na ban mamaki wadanda aka samo kawai, a gefen gabashin Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin duka, akwai nau'ikan lemurs iri-iri 30, kuma dukkansu suna da matukar muhimmanci ga Madagascar.
Lemur Madame Berthe (Microcebus berthae), wanda ke da nauyin 30 kawai, shine mafi karancin shekaru a duniya, kuma Indri (Indri indri) shine mafi girma a lemur mai nauyin nauyin 9.5.
Yawancin lemurs suna arboreal, wanda ke nufin cewa suna cinye mafi yawan lokacinsu a cikin mazaunin bishiyoyi. Wutsiyar yawancin nau'in lemur kuma sun fi tsayi fiye da jikinsu.
Lemar dabbobi dabbobi ne na zamantakewa waɗanda suke rayuwa cikin rukuni. Suna amfani da sautikan sauti da alamun ƙanshi don sadarwa tare da juna. Suna da kyakkyawar fahimta da ji da wari.
Ana kiran lemon tsami ɗaya daga cikin dabbobi masu hankali a duniya. An san su da amfani da kayan aiki kuma suna da ikon koyan alamu.
- Iyakar tsinkayen halitta na lemurs. Abincin lemurs ya ƙunshi 'ya'yan itatuwa, kwayoyi, ganye da furanni.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar .
Bayyanar
Gashin maza yana da launin ruwan hoda a launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, kuma a cikin mata da dabbar dabbobi launin ruwan kasa ne mai launi. Kudancin ulu galibi yana da madaidaitan tsinkaye shida zuwa goma. Kudu suna da manyan kunnuwa masu zagaye, wani lokacin kuma dogon wutsiya. A cikin maza, manyan ƙahonin da aka goge sun girma a kawunansu, sun kai girma zuwa mita 1. 'Ya'yansu a fuskoki sun yi kama da mata masu kaho. Girman a ƙ witƙasassun shine kusan 1.40 m, kuma tsawonsa ya kai kimanin 2.20 m. Maza sun kai nauyin kilo 250, mace - har zuwa kilogram 200. A waje, abu ne mai sauki ka rikita Greater Kudu tare da wata 'yar uwa Nyala, bugu da ƙari, layinsu an haɗa da wani bangare.
Halayyar
Mafi sau da yawa, babban kundin raye yana zaune a cikin kusan ƙungiyoyi marasa ƙaura, waɗanda suka haɗa daga dabbobi uku zuwa goma. Irin waɗannan rukunin suna zaune a yanki kusan mil 50 about. Maza suna da rabe-raben mazaje na bache ko kuma suna rayuwa kai tsaye kuma suna haɗuwa da mace kawai cikin lokatansu na lokacin aure. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a lokacin damina, ana haihuwar ɗa guda ɗaya, mai nauyin kilogram 16. Ya danganta da mazauninsu, kyanwa suna aiki yayin rana ko dare. Abincinsu ya ƙunshi mafi yawan ganye da ƙananan rassa, yayin da ba sa da matukar girma. Har ila yau manyan mutane suna ciyar da tsire-tsire waɗanda sauran dabbobi suke guje wa saboda yawan guba. Matsakaicin rayuwar maza shine kusan shekaru 8, mace yawanci yakan rayu har zuwa shekaru 15.
Biyan kuɗi
Santa Barbara (Tragelaphus mai saukarwa) siffofin 5 masu biyan kuɗi:
- Kaza
- T. strepsiceros bea
- T. kawayani bralacei
- T. strepsiceros chora
- T. strepsiceros zambesiensis
Barazanar
Manyan kudanci da ke Gabas da Afirka ta Kudu ana ɗaukar su cikin haɗari. Koyaya, a wasu wuraren kasancewar sa tana cikin haɗari. Wannan ya shafi da farko ga yankuna yankuna na arewa da aka rarraba a kasashe kamar Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan da Chadi. Toari ga mutum, maƙiyansa sun haɗa da damisa, zaki, karnuka da karnuka marasa kunya. Yawancin lokaci babban tryan wasa suna ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa daga hatsarori a cikin daji. Idan wannan ya gaza, sun sami damar haɓaka mai girma don tserewa ta jirgin sama. A lokaci guda, za su iya tsalle kan shinge har zuwa 3 a tsayi kuma yawanci ba a tsai da su da shingen da manoma suka kafa ba.