Duniyar ban mamaki ta yanayi cike take da haɗari da abubuwan mamaki ga dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda ke fafutukar neman rayuwa don tsaran jinsinsu. Masana na hakika na rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice.
Launin da ba a saba da fata ya yi nisa da tsarin da ke ba da kariya wanda ke ceton ƙananan dabbobi daga rufewa.
Siffofin launi mai kariya na chameleons
Chameleons, saboda iyawar su na canza launi ta fata, sun zama sun yi daidai da sunayen mutane masu canzawa. Iguanas da agamas kusanci ne na waɗannan halittu masu rarrafe, amma tsarin jikin mutum ya bambanta sosai koda da kusancin mutane. Iyalinsu suna da nau'ikan 85, kowannensu na musamman ne ta yadda yake.
Babban malamin rikon amini ya cancanci ya zama batun wani labari game da al'amuran da ba a sani ba na halitta. Yawancin mutane sun yi imani cewa yana da ikon canza juye-juye idan an buge shi a saman inuwa wanda ya bambanta da murfinsa. Wannan magana ba gaskiya ba ce.
A zahiri, launi ya dogara da nau'in kuma kasancewar sel waɗanda ke kunshe da launi (chromatophores). Wannan yana sauƙaƙe rayuwar dabbobi masu ta da hankali, saboda lokacin da ake canza yanayin gaba ɗaya, shugaba zai yi ƙoƙari ya daidaita launi da launi na muhalli.
A dabi'a, akwai nau'ikan wadannan halittu masu rarrafe da dabbobin halittar dabbobi masu rarrafe, suna bayyanar da daidaikun mutane a cikin canji mai kyau. Canjin launuka yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin ƙarfin asalin sel. A cikin launi mai zafi, launin zai iya zama haske, kuma a cikin yanayin gizagizai zai zama mai haske. Hakanan ya dogara da yanayin dabba. Mai ba da haushi da fushi ya zama haske, kuma mutum mai tsoro, ya yi akasin haka, ya zama mai walkiya.
Abin bakin cikin shi ne, jinkirin da kuma saurin motsin motsawa shima yana daya daga hanyoyin da zasu iya karewa. Kowane ɗayan wannan rukunin wahalolin cuta ba shi da lahani, sabili da haka, galibi yakan zama abincin da ya fi dacewa ga masu farauta. Yawancin nau'ikan suna da wuya a yau saboda ƙananan fecundity kuma an jera su a cikin littafin Red. Suchaya daga cikin irin wannan wakilin, mai magana da yawun Smith, ya san yadda za a yaudari macizai da wasu tsuntsayen da ke da bambancin launuka. Ga kowane nau'in makiyi, yana amfani da wata dabara ta musamman wacce take taimaka masa ya rayu har abada.
Bambancin mamaki na taimaka wa chameleons sadarwa da juna. Intensarfin girman ma'anar halitta ya bayyana a fili ga abokan hamayyar cewa an riga an ɗauke mace, amma sakamakon yaƙi an ƙaddara ta wurin namiji mai haƙuri.
Bayanin Chameleon
Yawan shahararrun mutane na chameleons ya faru ne saboda damar canza launi da tsarin jikin mutum, wanda wasu fasalluka suka bayyana shi a tsarin fatar.. Ana bambanta fibrous da zurfi na waje na fata ta kasancewar ƙwararrun sel da aka sa musu launi tare da launuka masu duhu, baƙi, rawaya da launuka masu launin shuɗi.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Ya kamata a lura cewa launuka masu launin shuɗi a cikin launi na chameleons suna bayyana bugu da ƙari sakamakon karɓar haskoki mai haske a cikin ɓangaren fata na fata tare da lu'ulu'u na guanine.
Sakamakon raguwar matakai na chromatophores, sake rarraba abubuwan hatsi da canza canjin launin fatar yana faruwa. Saboda haɗuwa da launi a cikin duka bangarorin, launuka masu yawa suna bayyana.
Bayyanar
Yawancin nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe a jiki suna da tsawon 30 cm, amma mafi girman mutane sun kai girman 50-60 cm.Koran jikin kananan kawunan ba ya wuce cm 90. Shugaban yana da kamannin kwalkwali, tare da wani ɓangaren occipital. Ga irin waɗannan wakilan dangin saurin magana, kasancewar geswarku masu yawa ko ,asa da yawa, ko kuma ƙaramin ƙaho, halayen ne. Sau da yawa irin waɗannan nau'ikan ana yin su ne musamman a cikin maza, kuma a cikin mace ana wakilta su ta fuskoki.
Kafafuwan siket mai rarrabe abubuwa masu dorewa ne, an daidaita su sosai don hawa. Yatsun dabbar ya girma tare cikin rukuni biyu na mutane biyu da uku suna hamayya da juna, saboda suna da fasalin "fuskoki" wadanda zasu iya ɗaure sassan rassan itace. Wutsiya a gindi yana da kauri, sannu a hankali yana matsawa zuwa ƙarshen, wani lokaci yana juyawa zuwa ƙasa kuma yana jujjuya rassan. Wannan ikon wutsiya halayyar yawancin membobi ne na dangi, amma chameleons basu san yadda zasu mai da wutsiyar da aka rasa ba.
Chameleons ana rarrabe su ta gabobin da ba a saba gani ba. Eyeaƙƙarfan kwalliyar mayuƙin fata yana tare da kullun yana rufe idanunsa, amma tare da rami don ɗalibin. A wannan yanayin, idanun dama da hagu na iya aiwatar da motsi mara daidaituwa.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Matsayin da ake kira matsayin "inoperative" na harshe yana tare da riƙewa cikin ƙananan muƙamula tare da ƙashi na musamman, kuma ana cika ganima mai yawa ko babban ganima da bakin.
Yayin farauta, irin waɗannan dabbobi suna iya zama marasa ƙarfi a kan rassan bishiyoyi na dogon lokaci, suna bin abin da aka yanka kawai da idanunsu. Dabbar tana kama kwari da harshe mai dauke da mai tsotsa. Irin waɗannan halittun basu da kunne na waje da na tsakiya, amma ji yana da ikon ɗaukar raƙuman cikin a hankali cikin sautin 250-650 Hz.
Rayuwa, halayya
Kusan duk rayuwar chameleons tana faruwa ne a jikin rassan katako ko kuma a jikin bishiyun bishiyoyi, kuma karnukan da suke da rarrabuwa sun fi so su gangaro zuwa saman duniya. Kuna iya kama irin wannan dabba a ƙasa, a matsayin mai mulki, a lokacin lokacin kiwo ko kan aiwatar da farauta don wasu ganima mai daɗi.
A saman ƙasa, chameleons suna motsawa ne a kan paws, waɗanda suke da kamannin kamannin da yake fasikanci sosai. Wannan nau'ikan tsari ne na ƙarshen, wanda ke cike da jela mai rikitarwa wanda ya dace da zama a rawanin bishiyoyi. Ba shi da girma da yawa a jiki, scaly dabbobi masu rarrafe marasa kan gado ne da rikice-rikice, suna haifar da yanayin tsinkaye kuma sun fi so yin motsawa kamar yadda zai yiwu, yawancin lokaci kawai zaune a wurin da aka zaɓa.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Duk da cewa wani sashi na nau'in halittar yana rayuwa akan rassa, wasu sun sami damar rayuwa cikin yanayin hamada, haƙa ramuka ƙasa ko kuma neman mafaka cikin ganyayyaki da suka faɗi.
Koyaya, idan ya zama dole kuma fitowar hadari na gaske, dabbar zata iya yin sauri da sauri kuma tsalle-tsalle cikin reshe. Matsakaicin lokacin aiki na chameleon ya fadi akan lokaci mai haske, kuma idan dare yayi, dabba ta gwammace tayi bacci. Yayin aiwatar da barcin, mai rarrafe ya kasa sarrafa canjin launi na jikinta, saboda haka yana iya zama ganima ga kowane nau'in karnuka.
Guda nawa mutane ke zaune
Matsakaicin rayuwa na chameleons a cikin yanayin halitta shine kusan shekaru huɗu, amma a cikin wakilan dangi akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira ƙarni. Misali, manyan giwayen suna iya rayuwa cikin yanayi na kusan shekaru goma sha biyar, kuma yanayin halayyar wasu wakilan halittar Furcifer mafi yawancin lokuta basu wuce watanni biyar.
Dukkanin hawainiya suna da fasali guda mai ban sha'awa: idanun waɗannan dabbobin suna da 'yancin kai ga junan su, amarya tana jujjuya su 180 ° a kwance a sama kuma 90 ° a tsaye
Uswayoyin Halittu / Jinsuna - Chamaeleo chamaeleon. Gumalar gama gari
Tsayin Jiki (daga kai zuwa tushe wutsiya): 20-30 cm.
Tsawon wutsiya: 20-30 cm.
Tsawon Harshen Harshen: 20-30 cm.
Dabbar ta hanyar canjin: yawanci ƙarshen bazara.
Yawan qwai: 20-40, mace ta binne su a cikin ƙasa, theaƙatan sun ƙyanƙyashe bayan watanni 9.
Halaye: chameleons (duba hoto) ban da lokacin mating yana kiyaye su kadai, suna aiki yayin rana, ana yin su a tsakanin rassan bishiyoyi.
Abin da ke ci: kwari, gizo-gizo, mollusks da tadpoles.
Wannan shine kawai jinsunan da aka samo a Turai. Kimanin nau'ikan kabilu 80 suna zaune a Afirka da Asiya. Mafi girma daga cikinsu ya kai tsawon 60-65 cm, kuma mafi karami shine tsawo 5 cm.
Guba ɗin yana zaune a cikin gandun daji ko a yankuna masu ciyawar ko ciyayi, amma a Afirka kuma ana samun sa a kan sandar sandar, inda yake ɓoye a cikin ramin dabbobi daban-daban. Yana kwance daga rassan, sai ya nemi abin da ya kama.
MENENE Abincin
Babban mutum ne babban masanin rikicewa. Bayan ya canza launin sa, yana hade gaba ɗaya da mahalli. Yana ɓoye tsakanin ɗanɗano, chameleon ya zauna babu motsi, yana kallo idan ganima ya bayyana kusa. Ganin abin da ya farauto, sai ya matso kusa da ita, sannan ya jefa dogon harshensa, yana kama wanda aka azabtar da tafin hancin. A da, sun yi tunanin cewa wanda aka azabtar ya manne wa harshen m, kuma yin fim ɗin kawai ya nuna cewa hawainiyar tana kama ganima tare da maɓallin tilas.
Yaduwa
Guadon yana jagorantar rayuwa mai kaɗaici kuma kawai a cikin lokacin daskarewa ne wannan dabbar ta nemi al'umma don kanta. Kowane ɗan aminin yana zaune a ƙasarta kuma yana k it are shi daga baƙi. Namiji ya kori abokan hamayyar, yana ɗaukar wakar yaƙi kamar yaƙi - Yana cika huhunsa da iska kuma yana cika fata a wuya.
Dandalin canjin yanayi yana faruwa akan bishiyoyi. An shirya lokacin zuwa tsakiyar lokacin rani. Kimanin qwai na 20-40 ne matar ta aza a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba. Tana tono su cikin wani rami mai zurfi wanda ta tono da ƙafafun ta. Tare da kafafunsa na baya, mace ta tura ƙasa da aka tono. Bayan binne ƙwai, mace tayi rakes bushe ganye da rassa daga sama, forming wani m bene. Sa’annan mace ta dawo kan kambi na bishiyar, tare da sanya gaba da kulawa ga zuriyarsu a rana. Saurin girma yana tasowa a cikin kwai, a kan ciyar da gwaiduwa, kamar kajin. Matasan chameleons ana haihuwar su bayan watanni 9. Suna fitowa daga cikin kwasfa tare da fashewa ta musamman akan kai, wanda ake kira kwai hakori. Liaryan amintattun masu haihuwar jariri sune ƙananan iyayensu. A duniya, jarirai suna cikin haɗarin cin birrai, don haka suna hawa bishiyoyi kusan nan da nan.
KYAUTAWA
Camouflage canza launi ba wai kawai yana taimaka wa hawainiyar ya kasance ba a gan shi ba yayin farauta, amma kuma kyakkyawan kariya ne ga abokan gaba. Canjin launi na chameleons yana da alaƙa da fasalin fasalin haɗin gwiwar su. Fuskokin fata na waɗannan dabbobin sun ƙunshi sinadarin chromatophores - sel da hatsi mai duhu, launin ruwan hoda da shuɗi. Lokacin da aka rage yawan ayyukan chromatophores, ana tattara hatsi a tsakiyar sel, fatar a cikin chameleon ta zama ta fari ko launin rawaya. Lokacin da aka canza launin duhu a cikin zaren fata na fata, sai ya zama baƙi. Bayyan sauran inuwa yana haifar da haɗuwa da launi na duka shimfida. Kuma sautunan launin kore suna fitowa ne sakamakon kwalliyar haskoki a cikin farfajiya, wanda ya ƙunshi lu'ulu'u ne na guanine wanda ke jan haske. Haka kuma mai rarrabawa zai iya canza launi kowane sassan jikin mutum.
MAGANGANAN NA'ARAR
Sunan "chameleon" ya fito ne daga sunan wata halitta tatsuniya wanda yake canza kamannin sa. Koyaya, ikon canza launi da sauri dangane da launi na abubuwanda ke kewaye ba shine kawai halayen halayen babban mutum ba. Tsarin halittar da ba sabon abu ga gabobin hangen nesa shima ya cancanci kulawa. Idanun chameleon suna da girma da kuma zagaye, suna zagaye da ciwan ido na shekara, a tsakiyar wanda akwai karamin rami ga ɗalibin. Idanun mutum yayi gaba daya baya xayansu. Idanun da yardar kaina juya 180 ° a kwance kuma 90 ° a tsaye. Jikin chameleons yana matse sosai daga ɓangarorin. Shugaban yana da kamannin kwalkwali, an kawata shi da gadaje da tufke-sarke. Kafafu suna da tsayi. Yatsun ya ƙare da kaifi mai kaifi. Guan gama gari yana amfani da wutsiyarsa mai ƙarfi kamar sashin layi na biyar.
Hanyoyi na zahiri don kare masu amo
Lizards sun cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Su kwararrun masters ne na kamfani a masarautar dabba, suna nuna bambanci don manufar rayuwa. Masana ilimin halitta suna da kusan nau'ikan 6,000 na waɗannan halittu masu ban mamaki waɗanda suke zuriyar cututtukan ƙafa na baki da bakin.
Yadda lizards ke shafa mashin ya dogara da yanayin. Duk da karancin girman su, wadannan halittun suna nuna kwarewa da wadatar dukiya. Sikeli na jikin mutum yawanci launin toka ne ko launin ruwan kasa a launi, gwargwadon mazauni. Liwararrun maɓuɓɓugan daji, da izinin yanayi, a zahiri a hade da yashi.
Zaɓin hanyar dabara na halaye ba a iya faɗi ba kuma ya dogara da matsayin haɗari. Mai saurin shakkar, bayan da ya lura abokan gaba sun yi kusa, sai ya fada cikin tsoro, da fatan ba zai yiwu ba. Wani fasali mai ban mamaki shine dabba a lokaci guda dabba yayi ƙoƙari ya haɗa gaba ɗaya tare da gungumen itace ko ƙasa, yana shimfiɗa ƙasa. Ko da wayayye ko mafi tsinkaye na tunani ba shi da sauƙi a sami wanda aka azabtar da ba ya faɗuwa.
Idan ba za a iya guje wa karowar ba, mahaukacin zai yi ƙoƙarin tserewa, yayin tseya da gudu a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, wanda hakan zai sa mai rudewa ya rikice.
Wata hanyar ingantacciyar hanyar kariya da ban tsoro ita ce hari, wanda a cikin sakan na farko zai girgiza ya tsoratar da dabarun ko dabbobi masu tsinkaye. Lurking, maƙallin yana kimanta duk hanyoyin da za a iya bi don juyawa kuma, da sanin cewa ba zai zama da sauƙi a ɓoye ba, a kan abokan gaba.
Idan mai bin diddigin ba ya niyyar ja da baya kuma lamarin ya sami koma baya ga mai rarrafe, dabbar za ta iya fid da maharin ta hanyar watsar da wutsiyar, wanda a cikin minti na farko ya ci gaba da ɓarna daga mai shi. Abinda ke faruwa na cin gashin kansa yana ba da damar saurin kare lafiyar ba tare da rasa digo na jini ba.
Jinsunan da aka sani, wutsiyar su wacce ke da tsarin launi mai kyau daban da na jiki, tana jan hankalin farko da farko.
Rashin guntu na jiki sakamakon abin ƙwarewa ne na damuwa, yana haifar da ƙurawar tsoka mai kaifi. Kwayoyin jini da kasusuwa na katako na katako suna matsewa, dabba mai wadatarwa kuwa tana zaune lafiya ba tare da jin zafi ba. Lizards sune kawai dabbobi a duniya waɗanda ke da ikon sake tsarawa. Koyaya, vertebrae na sabon wutsiya mai girma ana maye gurbinsu da faranti guda. Dangane da girmanta, mai rarrafe yana buƙatar lokaci don gyara jikin gaba ɗaya. Lokacin gyarawa na iya wucewa daga wata guda zuwa shekara guda.
Manyan iguanas sun rasa ikon cin gashin kansa tare da tsufa. Wannan saboda girman dabbobi masu rarrafe ne. Mutanen da suka manyanta masu nauyin 8 kilogiram da tsayin jiki na tsawon mita 1.5 ba sa samun sauyawa, saboda haka suna riƙe amincin jikinsu har sai sun tsufa.
GANGAR JIKINSA. LITTAFINSA
Tare da harshensa, ya sami abinci don kansa - ya lura da wanda aka azabtar, ya shiga cikin shi tare da harshe mai laushi kuma yana sa shi cikin bakinsa nan take.
Chameleons sune rukuni na musamman na dabbobi masu kama da masu haɗari; ana iya samunsu a kusan dukkanin gandun daji na Afirka. Suna kare kansu daga abokan gaba ta canza launi na jiki, suna hade da mahalli. Chameleon ya yi duhu lokacin da ya fusata, kuma ya yi taɗi lokacin tsoro. Idanun mutumin yana jujjuyawa, kamar dai akan hinges, kuma harshe ya fi dukkan jiki girma. Girman chameleon ya kai cm 30. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi akwai daga 7 zuwa 38 ƙananan chameleons.
BAYANIN BAYANAI
- Chaankin na gama gari shine ɗan arewa wanda ya fito daga dangi. Sauran suna zaune a Afirka, Asiya ta Tsakiya, tsibirin Madagascar, Pakistan, Indiya da Sri Lanka.
- Wasu nau'ikan chameleons suna da kayan ado na musamman a kawunansu. Misali, karen Jackson yana da guda uku na filayen pyramidal yana girma a jere a kai.
- Na farko dabbobi masu rarrafe sun bayyana a duniyarmu kimanin miliyan 200-210 miliyan da suka shude a zamanin Perm.
Mafi kyawun tsaro shine kamewa
Game da lizard da chameleon, da yawa suna da ilimin ƙwararraki ne kawai, suna imani cewa iyawarsu ta zahiri tana iyakance ga wani palette mai launi. Wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da ƙarin kariya a cikin nau'ikan tuddai masu ƙarfi ko furucin faranti.
Suchaya daga cikin waɗannan wakilai shine Thorny Iblis ko Moloch, wanda ƙaya keratinized rufe jikinsa. Reptile wata al'ada ce ta mazaunin jeji mai zafi na Australia. Kyakkyawan baya da ikon canza canjin inuwa na farfajiyar yana taimakawa ƙaramin dabba, gwargwadon yanayin yanayi, ya kusan kusan faɗi kuma ba shi da ma'ana. Don kare harin, dabbar tayi tsalle kuma ta kumbura, tana tona kaho mai kaifi a bayan ta. Ganin hatsarin irin wannan ganima, mai yiwuwa abokan gaba su yanke shawarar yin ritaya.
Anolis shine mai rarrafe-kumma Abilityarfinsa na canza launi na fata yayi daidai da yadda mai hawainiya ke ɓoye kanta. Launi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da kwalliyar launin rawaya mai haske yana jujjuya launin kore lokacin da zazzabi na yanayi ya canza.
Virtuoso Mimicry
Yin kwaikwayon a matsayin fasalin wasu nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe ke takamaimai cikin sabon salo. Arfin dabbobi masu rarrafe ya zama yanki na gutsatsin yanayi za'a iya hassada shi. Ana lura da irin wannan fasalin a cikin ƙananan geckos, wanda zai iya sauƙaƙe don ƙullin bishiyar itace ko haushi na kayan itace.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa gecko mai ganye mai ganye da ganye yana da suna na biyu "ban mamaki". Animalan dabbobin da ba su da ƙarfi suna zaune kusa da bishiyoyi ko shishshigi, cikin nasara simulating ganye. Siffar jikinsa da launi murfin daidai suke da bushewar ganye. Tare da irin wannan bayanan, ba ya buƙatar ɓoye nan take, daskararre kusa da itaciya. Mai wulakantar da mai laifin ba shi yiwuwa a sami mai wulaƙanci mai lalacewa.
Gecko mai danshi mai danshi mai moss tare da gansakuwa a hanzari saboda asalin launi da tsarin fatar, wanda yake gaba daya daidai yake da gansakuka. Yanayinta da kanta sun baiwa wannan halittar wani abu mai ban al'ajabi na fatar fata tare da yin fice. Ya danganta da wurin zaman ku, tint palette yana ɗaukar launin launi.
Cikakken damar kwaikwayon kwaikwayo sun kasance ne ta hanyar jecko mai kauri, mai kaifin-kaɗa, wanda kamanninsa yayi kama da wani ƙaton tsohuwar bishiya. Jikinta daga bakin wutsiya zuwa idanu an rufe shi da wani tsarin na dabi'a wanda yake maimaita yanayin lalacewa. A yayin haɗarin, ya ishe shi ya daskare akan akwati domin mai bin sa ya ɓace daga hanya.
Span ɓarna mai kafaɗar karya yana ɓoye amincinsa a cikin yaudarar macijin tagulla. Ciwan da ke kwaikwayon kwaikwayon na gurgunta tsarin juyayi na wanda aka azabtar, saboda haka da yawa daga cikin magabatan sun guji haduwa da ita, ba su ma san cewa sun fuskance su da kasasshen lamuran marasa galihu ba!
Tsoro mai ban tsoro, amma ba mai haɗari ba
Rashin adalci shine ɗayan abubuwan da ke tsoratar da dabbobi, wanda ya tilasta ma maƙiyinsa yin tunani, "Shin yana da ƙimar shiga tsakani?" Thean wasan lizard suna amfani da wannan, suna firgita da juya masu laifin su gudu.
Jiki mai rauni na rarrafe, mai cike da nishadi akan wata gabar jiki biyu, yana da launin launin toka mara nauyi. A lokacin da take gab da hadari, sai ta yi karfin hali ta jefa kanta cikin yaki, tare da bayyana tarin kwalayen bulus. An kai harin tare da bude bakin bakin da kuma gaggarumar barazanar. Wutar da ke jujjuyawa tana kare mummunan hoto.
Masu fafutuka suna ganin launi mai haske na kwalayen kumbura a matsayin alama ta gargadi, kuma ba su da zabi illa su fice.
Fiye da essan rubutun guda ɗaya za'a iya rubutawa akan batun kumburin dabbobi kamar su chameleon da jigiya, don ƙara samun cikakkun misalai a tsakanin wakilai daban-daban na wannan rukuni mai ban mamaki da ke ban tsoro.
Dimorphism na jima'i
Bayyanar da jima'i babban dansandan ya kasance ba mai rikitarwa ba har ma da talakawa. Idan sikandirin mai sihiri ya sami damar ɗaukar launi mai kama da kamanni, to ya kamata a bincika hanyoyin cikin danshi, waɗanda suke a gefen ƙafafun dabbar.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Zai yuwu a tantance jima'i na dabba a ranar 14 ta launi, kazalika da kaurin wutsiya mara nauyi, farawa daga watanni biyu da haihuwa.
Mazajen maza suna da ƙananan girma a bayan aljihunsu. Rashin irin waɗannan fashewar abubuwa halayyar ne kawai ga mata. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, ana bambanta maza ta launi mai haske da girman jiki.
Nau'in Chameleons
Adadin nau'in chameleon yana canzawa sakamakon gano sabbin asasi, kamar yadda ya danganta da rashin tsaftar harajin zamani. Iyalin sun hada da jana'izar 2-4 da kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan ruwan lizzada tare da fitaccen fasali, daga cikin shahararrun sune:
- Yemeni Chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) - yana nufin wakilin iyali mafi girma. Maza suna da launin launi mai launin kore tare da launin rawaya da ja a gefe. Babban murfin chic ƙawataccen ƙawataccen kai, da rawanin rawaya-kore rufe wutsiya. Jikin ya yadudduka a bangarorin, kuma an yi ado da bayansa da murfi da kwarjini sosai,
- Dansandan (Furcifer pardalis) - kyakkyawar kyakkyawar kyakkyawar kyakkyawar dabi'a mai launi, wacce launinta ya rinjayi yanayin fasali da wasu abubuwan al'adun mazauninsu. Tsawon saurayi ya bambanta tsakanin cm 30-40. Ba a amfani da abincin tsiro. Mace ta haƙa da sheƙansu, suna kwance ƙwai,
- Kawarar Chameleon - Daya daga nau'in jinsin chameleons da aka samo a tsibirin Madagascar da kuma tsibiran tsibiran makwabta. Dabba ita ce mai siye da rayuwa mai kyau da launuka masu launuka iri-iri. Wani sabon abu mai kama akan jiki ana wakilta shi da raɗaɗin tsaye, har ma da gefen fili,
- Girma-huɗuba - ma'ab ofcin ƙaho guda uku ko huɗu waɗanda ke cikin yankin shugaban. Dabba alama ce ta mazauni a cikin tsaunukan daji na Kamaru, inda ta fi son ta zauna a wurare mafi tsauri. Tsawon saurayi ya bambanta tsakanin 25-37cm. An bambanta wakilan wannan nau'in ta hanyar doguwar ciki da babba mai ciki,
- Jackson's Chameleon (Kawasaki jacksonii) Shin nau'in jinsi ne mai ban sha'awa, mazan da ke da kishin iyakokin ƙasarsu, suna da matuƙar m a cikin yanayi, kuma yayin yaƙe-yaƙe ko faɗa sukan yi wa juna rauni. Maza suna da ƙaho uku da wutsiya mai ƙarfi, yayin da mace ke da ƙahon hanci guda. Fata yana kama da fata na dinosaurs, maras kyau kuma mai kama da hawan bishiyoyi, amma mai laushi da daɗin taɓawa. Launi ya fara daga launin rawaya-kore zuwa duhu launin ruwan kasa har ma da baki
- Chameleon (Chamaeleo chamaeleon) - nau'ikan da aka fi sani da ke zama a hamada da gandun daji, waɗanda ke arewacin Afirka, Indiya, Siriya, Sri Lanka da Arabia. Tsayin tsayin jiki ya kai 28-30 cm, kuma launi na fata na iya zama 'yar tabo ko dodon jini,
- Dubawa Calumma tarzan - yana cikin nau'ikan rare. An gano shi a arewa maso gabashin Madagascar kusa da ƙauyen Tarzanville. Tsawon saurayi tare da wutsiya ya bambanta tsakanin 11.9-15.0 cm,
- Dubawa Furcifer labordi ya sha banbanta da irinsa, kuma jariran sun sami damar girma a cikin girman kashi biyar cikin wasu watanni, don haka suna cikin zakarun da suka dace da yadda ake samun ci gaban,
- Babban Gizon (Furcifer oustaleti) - yana nufin shuwagabanni mafi girma a duniya. Matsakaicin matsakaicin tsararren mutum shine 50-68 cm.Rashin rawaya, kore da launin ja an samo su ne akan asalin launin ruwan kasa.
Tare da wasu shaye shaye, wani sashi mai sanannen nau'in chameleons yana sanya kwai yayin lokacin kiwo, amma kuma akwai wasu rabe-raben da suke haifar da haihuwa mai tsufa a cikin sarkoki masu suttura.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Smallestaramin ƙarami ne mai kama da ganye wanda za'a iya sanya shi a kan shugaban wasa, tunda girman irin wannan ƙaramin ƙaramin bai wuce ɗaya da rabi santimita ba.
Habitat, mazauni
Yankin da aka rarraba na masarar Yemen shine jihar Yemen, tsaunukan tsaunin Larabawa da kuma yankuna masu zafi a gabashin gabashin Saudi Arabia. Panther chameleons sune mazaunan tsibirin Madagascar da tsibiran makwabta, inda suka fi son wuraren zafi da laima, yanayin yanayin zafi.
Jawabin Jackson yana zaune a yankunnan na gabashin Afirka kuma ana samunsa a cikin dajin daji na Nairobi a tsawan tsawan mita 1600-2200 sama da matakin teku. Mallakar sihiri mai rarrabewa koyaushe yana zaune sama da ƙasa, yana zaune a kambi na bishiyoyi ko shishika. Chameleons zasu iya sasantawa a kowane nau'in yanki na wurare masu zafi, savannas, wasu steppes da hamada. Ana samun yawan namun daji a Hawaii, Florida, da California.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Sau da yawa sau da yawa, canje-canje a cikin launi na chameleon na iya zama wani nau'i na nuna barazanar, wanda ke nufin ɓata abokan gaba, haka kuma ana ganin canje-canje mai saurin canza launi a cikin mazan da suka manyanta a matakin kiwo.
Endemic zuwa tsibirin Madagascar wani babban mutum ne da ke zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu laushi da yawa, inda kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye masu matsakaitan matsakaita, masu maye da kwari masu saurin cin abincin. An gano wani karamin nau'in Brookesia micra a tsibirin Nosu Hara a 2007. Sarakunan hamada suna zaune ne a yankuna na Angola da Namibia.
Abincin Chameleon
Babu shakka dukkan rikice-rikicen da ke gudana a yau, gami da girma a cikin girman Melleri da ƙaramin Brukesia, waɗanda ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin karɓar ƙwaryar ganye, sune magabatan gari, amma wasu nau'ikan suna da ikon ɗaukar abincin asalin tsiro. Yawancin abincin shuka ana wakilta su ne da ganyayyaki masu kaushi, 'ya'yan itatuwa, berries har ma da haushi wasu bishiyoyi.
Babban abincin abinci na chameleons ana daukar su nau'ikan kwari ne da kwari masu rarrafe, da kuma matsayin su na lardin. Wataƙila chameleons za su iya cinye ta ta duk wasu kwari da ba mai guba a cikin surar gizo-gizo, gwoza, burodi, ƙwari da daskararrun kwari. Tun daga haihuwar dabbobi masu rarrafe, sun sami damar bambance kwari mai kwari daga wadanda suke da guba, don haka babu wani batun cin ciyawa ko ƙudan zuma. Hatta chameleons masu jin yunwa suna yin watsi da irin waɗannan "abincin".
Yawancin nau'ikan jinsin mutane na cin abinci sau da yawa, haɗe da ƙananan dangi, jijiyoyi, har ma da ƙananan tsuntsaye. A zahiri, abun da hankalin su yake wakilta gaba daya wani “halittu masu rai” wanda za'a iya kama shi da harshe mai tsawo sannan kuma ya haɗiye shi. Dole ne a ha a rage abincin da ake amfani da su a cikin masarautar Yemen tare da abinci na kayan lambu. A cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe za ku iya ciyar da:
- inabi
- ceri mai zaki
- Tanjarin
- lemu
- kiwi,
- jimrewa
- ayaba
- apples
- leas da kabeji salatin
- Dandelion ganye
- ba ma m kayan lambu.
Hakanan ana amfani da Abincin Shuka ta hanyar Panther Chameleon, Parsony da Maly, saboda buƙatar sake yin ɗumi kuma su sami adadin bitamin da suke buƙata.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Chameleons sau da yawa suna ba da ra'ayi na dabbobi masu tsananin bakin ciki da kullum da ke fama da yunwa, amma irin waɗannan alamu ba su da hankali sosai ta hanyar yanayi, saboda haka, idan aka kwatanta da sauran halittu masu rarrafe, ana iya ɗanɗana abinci kaɗan.
Kiwo da zuriya
Yawancin nau'in chameleons da suke rayuwa a duniyarmu yanzu suna cikin nau'in oviparous kuma waɗannan sanannun jinsunan sune Yemen, Panther, Maly da Parsoni. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin, macen ta ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai har tsawon wata ɗaya ko biyu. Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin kwanciya, mace ta fara ƙin cin abinci, amma tana cin ɗan ruwa kaɗan. A wannan lokacin, sikirin da wuyar shaka yakan zama mai tsananin tayar da hankali sosai, yana iya ɗaukar launi mai haske mai cike da damuwa kuma yana iya amsa damuwa ko da sauƙin tsarin mazan da suka manyanta.
A ƙarshen lokacin haihuwar, a cikin yawancin mata, ana iya jin ƙwai cikin ciki cikin ciki. A cikin wasu nau'in, ana iya ganin juna biyu a cikin tsiraicin ido. Kusa da lokacin oviposition, dabba yakan sauko zuwa ƙasa don neman madaidaicin wurin shirya ramin. Ya danganta da nau'in halitta, yawanci mace tana yin kwane daga goma zuwa sittin na launin fata. Yawan adadin clutches sau da yawa ya kai uku a cikin shekara guda, amma yawanci masu juna biyu suna lalata lafiyar mace, saboda haka irin waɗannan dabbobi suna rayuwa rabin girman maza.
Mace na nau'ikan nau'ikan, har ma da kasancewar babu namiji mai yawan jima'i, a duk shekara suna sa abin da ake kira ƙoshin mai. Shanu daga irin waɗannan ƙwai bai bayyana ba, kuma rashin hadi yana sa su lalata bayan sati ɗaya ko ma a baya.
Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, gwargwadon sifofin jinsin mutumin, tsawon lokacin ci gaban tayin da ke cikin kwai na iya bambanta sosai, ana ɗaukar watanni biyar zuwa shekaru biyu. 'Ya'yan da aka haifa suna da ƙwazo sosai, kuma bayan an sake su daga ɓoyayyen ƙwai sai nan da nan suka ruga zuwa ciyayi mafi kusa, wanda ke taimakawa ɓoyewa daga maharba.
Mafi yawancin lokuta, jarirai maza suna fara cin abinci a ranar haihuwarsu ko kuma gobe. Baya ga oviparous dabbobi masu rarrafe, akwai 'yan kaxan halittun da suke da hawainiyar chameleons. Babban rukunan su ya hada da nau'in tsaunukan dabbobi masu rarrafe, da suka hada da Jason da Verneri. Koyaya, irin waɗannan chameleons baza'a iya tsara su da cikakkun abubuwa masu mahimmanci ba. Amfrayo, kamar yadda a cikin haihuwar oviparous, ke tsiro a cikin kwan, amma chameleon mace baya lalata masarar ƙasa, kuma har sai an haife su ana ɗauke su a cikin mahaifar.
A kan aiwatar da haihuwa ga mace, jariran da aka zubar galibi ana haihuwar su daga karamin tsayi a bisa doron ƙasa. Wani mummunan rauni mai ƙarfi, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana hidimar yara azaman sigina na musamman don samo matsakaiciyar tsari da abinci. Mafi yawan lokuta, daga irin wadannan “masu rikitattun” dabbobi masu rarrafe masu rarrabe abubuwa masu rarrafe goma ne zuwa ashirin kuma ana haifasu, kuma a wannan shekarar babu 'ya'ya sama da biyu da ake haihuwa.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Chameleons iyaye ne masu talaucin gaske, don haka nan da nan bayan haihuwa, kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe ana barin su da kayan aikin su har sai sun samu zuriya ko kuma su zama ganima.
Coloran launi na chameleon yana iya tsoratar da wasu abokan gaba, amma irin wannan launi na baƙin ciki yana samun maza, mata sun ƙi, da waɗanda aka ci nasara ko tilasta yin ritaya cikin kunya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Chameleons yanada daidai masarautar da ba ta da tsari, amma irin wannan karfin ikon ba zai iya kubutar dasu daga bacewar gaba daya. A kan iyakar Kudancin Spain, ana amfani da dabbobi masu rarrafe a dunkule a matsayin gama gari da marasa lahani, suna da matukar amfani a yanayin gida. Waɗannan dabbobin gida na musamman na raye suna cin ɗanɗano waɗanda suke matuƙar damuna a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi.
Hakanan zai kasance mai ban sha'awa:
Babban dalilin hallakar shine yaduwar kowane irin filin noma, kazalika da kazantar ciyawar da tayi yawa. Zuwa yanzu, nau'ikan halittu masu rai iri goma masu halin yanzu suna da matsayin da ke cikin halin '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ', kusan kusan arba'in suna gab da samun wannan matsayin, kuma mai yiwuwa guda Ashirin zasu bace nan gaba kadan.
Canjin launin launi shine babban yanayin chameleons
Fatar shugaban chameleon wani nau'in makamai ne. Kamar yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe, tana da sihiri da sikeli.Kowane flake ko ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta suna daɗaɗɗa da juna, wanda ke ba da maganin kariya tare da wasu kariya. Amma a lokaci guda, akwai wata hanyar da zaku ɓatar da kanku. Irin wannan kwaikwayo ko kamewa suna taimaka wa mutum, tare da kwanciyar hankali, abokan gaba ba su lura da shi ba.
Chromatographs - sel na musamman don canza launi
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman alamomin mai mulkin mutum shine ikon canza launi na jiki. Yana bayarwa ta musamman sel a cikin fata da ake kira chromatophores.
Wadannan sel suna da sifofi mai kyau. Bangaren yana cikin zurfi a cikin fata kuma yana da alaƙa da ƙarshen jijiya. Yayin da sauran tsari ya kusanci zuwa saman yadudduka na fata. Suna ciki kwalliya masu kwalliya da launuka masu launi, baki da jan launi.
Tunani! Idan dabba dabba, to saboda mushewar tsoka da matsewar jijiyoyi, ana sanya tsaftataccen chromatophores a cikin wasu bangarorin, ba shimfida ko'ina a duk faɗin.
Wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa fatar ta zama haske kamar yadda zai yiwu ko ma fari. Lokacin da dabbar ta kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali, za a rarraba alamuran a duk faɗin muryoyin, tare da tabbatar da kasancewar fenti, wanda ke canza inuwar lamuran zuwa mai duhu da haske.
Guanine don tunani da ambaliya
Bugu da kari, abubuwan hade kamar su guanine shima ya wanzu a fatar dabba. Abubuwan sunadarai na guanine suna ba da kaddarorin da ke nunawa. Godiya ga wannan wasa na haske, fatar maharbi tana samun ƙarin launuka masu launi. Bulu, kore, mai haske, da shuɗi mai zurfi suna bayyana.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa launi na ƙarshe na dabba ya dogara da irin waɗannan dalilai:
- irin nasa
- yanayin jiki
- jin yunwar ko, ta hanyar magana, jin kai,
- shiri domin dabbar ta hanyar canjin,
- kasancewar yanayin damuwa.
Tunani! Har ya zuwa yanzu, fatar chameleon a bayyane take, kuma kasancewar alamu yana sanya ta sami damar daukar hotuna daban-daban.
Ya danganta da yadda ake rarraba fenti a cikin tantanin halitta, zazzabin ya zama mai haske ko launin launi, kusan fararen fata, idan aka tattara tarin chromatophores a tsakiyar ginin sel.
Abin da launuka iya hawainiya suna da
Comele mai launi a cikin yanayin kwantar da hankula Ya dogara da farko akan nau'in abincin da dabbar ta kasance.
Abu na biyu da ke haifar da yanke shawarar fata game da fata a yanayin da aka bayar shi ne yanayin waje.
- Idan dabbar ta tsorata ko kuma a cikin yanayin tashin hankalikuma, ya zama duhu sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu, wani lokacin ɗaukar kusan launin baki.
- A cikin yanayin kwantar da hankula, launi yana da dabi'a kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma ya dace da wani nau'in mai rarrafe.
- A lokacin lokacin kiwo, maza sun zama cikakkiyar adaba, fiye da vivo, alamar nuna shiri don abokin aure.
Mahimmanci! Wannan yardar malalar za ta iya karɓar duk launuka na bakan gizo - daga baƙi da rubutu mara launin toka zuwa launuka mai haske da shunayya, kore da ruwan lemo.
Yadda canjin launi yake faruwa
Canza launi a cikin hawainiya na iya faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin waje Tsarin na ɗaukar fewan seconds. Ganin cewa ayyukan ciki zasu iya haifar da canje-canje a hankali cikin sautin.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, chromophores yana samar da canji a launi fata. Sakamakon yawan matsawa na tsokoki da jijiya, ana fitar da ɗumbin launuka iri-iri. Hadawa a tsakanin su a cikin nau'i daban-daban, suna ba da wannan ko wancan inuwa. Yana da mahimmanci lokacin da dabba ta ɓoye kanta. Tsarin launi yana iyakance kawai ta hanyar bayyanar da mashaya.
Ban sha'awa! Ba wai kawai canza launi ba ne, har ma da tsarin. Don haka aibanan da suka kasance a farko na iya ɓacewa, ko kuma, musayar, sababbi zasu bayyana. Kari akan haka, idanun suna da ikon canzawa, kuma mafi dacewa, fatar murfin zoben.
Dalilin canza launi
A baya an yi imani da cewa chameleon yana canza launi saboda maski. Amma binciken da masana kimiyya suka yi kwanan nan sun bayyana wani banbancin wannan tsari.
Ana canza yanayin launi na dabbobi masu rarrafe ta yanayin waje.. Don haka, alal misali, gwanayen Afirka suna canza launi, suna samun inuwa mai duhu da safe. Wannan yana basu damar yin ɗumi da sauri, suna ɗaukar adadin hasken rana. Sannan da rana, suna gujewa zafi mai zafi, suna kawo launinsu kusa da sautunan haske masu tsananin haske.
Matan sun yi duhu yayin haihuwa, nuna alama ga maza cewa suna aiki ɗauke da zuriya kuma ba a shirye don matta ba. Saboda haka, launi ya zama nau'in abin hanawa.
Hakanan, idan maza biyu suka hadu, sai su kasance masu haske. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ruhin gasa da suka samu dangane da juna. Baya ga launi, yanayin jikin shima ya canza. Maza na iya yin kumbura, da haɓaka.
Canja ba kawai launi ba har ma da fata
Yayin da dabbar ke tsiro, yakan lokaci yana sheki. Kayan aikin maye kamar haka. Mitar na iya zama wata 1 ga matasa masu rarrafe, yayin da tsufa na fata ke faruwa ba koyaushe. Haka yake tsawon lokacin sake saiti. A cikin 'yan mata, yana zamewa a cikin' yan sa'o'i, yayin da a cikin manya yana iya bawo a cikin 1 mako.
Mahimmanci! Ga wadanda ke dauke da wannan tabarau a gida, ya zama dole a kula da bayyanar yiwuwar cututtukan cututtukan fata yayin rasa fata.
A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar likitan dabbobi, saboda ƙwaryar maiyrar ƙila ba ta da isasshen bitamin da ma'adanai don jikin ya yi aiki na yau da kullun.
Hakanan ana ba da shawarar cewa a sanya duwatsun ko rassan da ke da wuya a cikin farfajiyar. Gumau zai shafa a kansu, wanda zai sauƙaƙa aiwatar da cire fata.