Wanda ya kalli fim din sadaukarwa "Shirun 'yan raguna", Yana tunawa da abin da 'yan itacen ora mai kyau da aka shuka Lissafin Buffalodon sanya llsan tsana a bakinsu daga baya. A cikin fim, theanyen na barkono sun yi matukar kyau.
Akwai kusan nau'ikan kwari miliyan guda a cikin duniya, amma watakila kawai wannan malam buɗe ido ya zama dalilin ƙirƙirar ɗimbin almara, alamu da camfi. Saboda yawan adadin malam buɗe ido Harshen Brahnika Tun daga zamanin da, a matsayin mai samar da matsala, ana tsananta masu kuma ana rusa su.
Me ya haifar da wannan ƙarancin ƙiyayya ga wannan kyakkyawar kwari?
Na farko kuma, watakila, babban dalilin halayen mara kyau shine cewa malam buɗe ido yana da halayyar halayya mai kyau a kirji, yana kama da kwanyar mutum tare da gwanaye (hoton yana kama da tutar filibuster).
Dalili na biyu shine "Shugaban Adam»Yana da gatan musamman na musamman wanda yake zurfi a cikin makogwaronsa, godiya ga wanda malam buɗe ido yake yin sauti mai daɗaɗawa. Gaba ɗaya, kusan nau'ikan tsirrai dubu goma suna rayuwa a duniya, waɗanda zasu iya yin sauti iri-iri, amma a Brahnik kawai wannan murfin yana da ƙarfi sosai har ya fi kama da kururuwa. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa wannan dukiyar ta kwari, har ma da wani kwanyar da ke firgita a jikinta, mutane sun daɗe suna ɗaukarta a matsayin mummunan fasalin.
Fitowar da bata saba ba "Harshen Brahnika"Yi aiki a matsayin tushen wahayi ga mutane da yawa fitattun mutane masu fasaha. Saboda haka shahararren marubuci Edgar Allan Poe a cikin labarin "Sphinx"Ya juya wata kyakkyawar kwari ta zama wata kyakkyawar halittar da ba ta da tausayi wacce ke yawo a saman tsaunin tuddai.
Kwalliya da malam buɗe ido da Van gogh, wanda a watan Mayu 1889 ya zana hoto, wanda ya kira "Brazhnik ya mutu". Mawakiyar tayi tuntuɓe a kan malam buɗe ido a cikin lambun asibitin Saint-Remy kuma ta fentin shi a kan zane. Alas Van gogh ya kasance kuskure, yana yarda cewa "ƙirar" da ya zana ta shahara ce "Matattu kai". A zahiri, ya jawo malam buɗe ido daga gidan guda brazhnikovamma an kira shi "Peacock-ido» (Saturnia pyri).
MaƙasaiMatattu ko Shugaban Adamu"- daya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin dangin dodo na Turawa, tunda fuka-fukansa na iya kaiwa santimita sha uku.
Gudun iyawa Harshen Brahnika na musamman ne. Shi ne mai rikodin gudu na gudu a tsakanin duk tsokar bishiyoyi, saboda zai iya isa da sauri har zuwa hamsin (!) Kilogram a kowace awa. Godiya ga wannan ikonMatattu kai»Zai iya tafiya, yana tafiya mai nisa sosai, har ma ya tashi daga wannan ƙasa zuwa wata.
KwariHawker"Mafi girma kuma a cikin jirginsa yana kama da jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu tare da takamaiman sautin mara sauti (saboda a cikin sati na biyu sai kwari suke yin kala biyu da fikafikansa).
Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin ƙirar harshen Latin suna ƙirar butterflies (lat Acherontia atropos) haɗe sunaye biyu waɗanda suka haifar da tsoro a cikin tsoffin Helenawa waɗanda ke zaune a tsohuwar Hellas. Kalma ta farko ta fito ne daga sunan kogin bakin ciki "Acheron"(Ofaya daga cikin koguna biyar a cikin rami na matattun, sunan da aka yi amfani da shi yana nuna duk sha'awar duniyar azaman). Kashi na biyu na sunan Latin yana ma'anar sunan ɗaya daga cikin allolin ƙaddara (moira na gaba "Atropos"), Wanda, bisa ga almara, yanke abin da ke alamar rayuwar mutum.
A kowane hali, wannan malam buɗe ido yana da labari mai ban dariya "mai ban dariya". Ya isa a tuna cewa a lokacin Binciken ya kasance ainihin wadannan kwari da aka zarga da yaduwar annobar, gazawar amfanin gona da sauran nau'ikan bala'i. An yi imani da cewa malam buɗe ido "Matattu kai”Anyi amfani da sihiri baƙar fata ta hanyar nau'o'in bokaye da warlocks, kuma mutane masu camfi sun tsinkaye rangwamin da kwari suka wallafa a matsayin hanyar sadarwa tsakanin masu sihiri da rayukan mutane daga wannan duniya.
Ba zai yiwu ba tare da cewa da kasancewar irin waɗannan ra'ayoyi da imani, rayuwar malam buɗe ido tana fuskantar barazanar koyaushe. Ya kamata mutum ya yi mamakin yadda wannan kyakkyawan nau'in kwari iri ɗaya suke rayuwa har zuwa zamaninmu.
Adult malam buɗe ido (imago)
Yawancin nau'ikan Furanci su ne masu fure furanni. Yawancin mutane suna ciyar da fure ne na fure, amma kada ku zauna akan furen, amma kuyi da'ira sama da shi don tsotse ruwan lectar daga tsakiyar fure tare da dogon proboscis. Saboda kwarewar su ta musamman ta daskare ta a sararin sama, an kira masu satar kuli-kuli "Hummingbird».
Dukkanin rubutattun ƙwayoyin wannan nau'in suna da tsohuwar eriya. Jiki yana da conical. Proboscis yana da tsawo da ƙarfi a kai.
Abin lura ne cewa ba kawai tsohuwar malam buɗe ido ba ce ke iya yin sauti Harshen Brahnika, amma kuma caterpillars, har ma pupae, kodayake sautunan da aka yi sun ɗan bambanta.
Wani fitaccen kayan aikin malam buɗe ido "Matattu kai", Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, shine kasancewar a kirjin zane a siffar kwanyar dan Adam, yana sauƙaƙa gano shi. Fuka-fukan da ke gaban kwari suna da girma, shuɗi mai duhu, launin ruwan kasa, tare da tsarin haske kuma suna da alamar birgima. Fuka-fashin hular sun yi kadan fiye da na gaba, an rufe su da launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi kuma a kansu akwai rabe biyu masu launin fata baki ɗaya. Proboscis bashi da tsawo.
Yawancin lokaci, malam buɗe ido yana samar da ƙarni na biyu na zuriya, amma a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu kyau (tare da kaka mai ɗorewa) yana iya ba da ƙarni na uku.
Idan kaka yana da sanyi, yawancin zuriyar ƙarni na uku sun mutu, sun kasa yin tsayayya da sanyi na farko.
MaƙasaiMatattu kai"Yana da cikakkiyar zagayawa, yana ƙunshe da matakai huɗu:
Hujjojin kimiyya, camfi, almara ...
Abin mamaki, akwai jita-jita masu yawa har ma da camfi a kusa da wakilan wannan nau'in game da "Matattu kai". Duk wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa jikin malam buɗe ido yana da wani launi mara kyau wanda yayi kama da kwanyar ɗan adam a bayyanar. Wannan ana ɗaukar makullin "alama" na Acherontia atropos. Dalilin haka ne cewa hujjojin kimiyya masu alaƙa da malam buɗe ido ba su da ban sha'awa kamar tatsuniyoyi da camfi. An basu karin lokacin yin nazari.
Hoton, an sanya shi a kan malam buɗe ido kuma yana da bayyanar kwanyar mutum, ya sa mutane da yawa cikin tsoro na dogon lokaci. Ya kamata a sani cewa wannan lepidoptera ya sami suna wanda ya danganci tatsuniyoyin Girka. Sunanta ya haɗu da baƙin ciki na kogin Aheon mai sanyi, wanda ya firgita mazaunan tsohuwar Hellas da Moira Atropos, alama ce ta rayuwar ɗan adam da kuma yanayin ƙasa.
"Matattarar kai" dangin shaho ne. Girman fikafikan sa na iya kaiwa santimita 15. A cikin Turai, wannan kwaro ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi girma.
Caterpillar na malam buɗe ido “Adamu shugaban”
Maballin Adam malam buɗe ido shine mafi yawan lokuta a ƙarƙashin ƙasa koyaushe. An zaba ta zuwa kasan kawai idan tana buƙatar cin abinci. Yana ciyar da Acherontia atropos, yawanci tsire-tsire wanda zai iya kaiwa. Wasu lokuta ana iya gani akan waɗancan tsire-tsire waɗanda suke son cin abinci a kan tushen albarkatu na iyalai daban-daban, ganye, nighthade da sauran tsire-tsire waɗanda ke kusa da ƙasa. Lokacin da mage ya fita daga ramin, yakan ciyar kuma ya dawo.
Fitowar caterpillar ba sabon abu bane. Wasu lokuta tsayin sa na iya kaiwa har da santimita 13. A al'ada, jikinta ya kasu kashi uku. Har ila yau suna lura da wutsiya, mafi kamannin kamannin sa (mai ƙaho ƙaho). A launi na matafila ne mai haske kore tare da shuɗi da baki aibobi. A ƙarƙashin ƙasa, yana jujjuyawa daga tsutsa zuwa cikin fure, a wannan matakin yana ɗaukar lokacin hunturu gabaɗaya, kuma da zaran ya yi ɗumi daga cikin chrysalis "yakan canza tufafi" zuwa garkuwa mai cike da kyawawa. Wani malam buɗe ido na iya kasancewa a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Wasu lokuta kwari sukan yi ƙaura kuma suna yin dogon zirga-zirga. Saurin malam buɗe ido "Matattu kai" - Masu riƙe da rikodin kuma jirgin su zai iya kaiwa kilomita 50 / h. Abin mamaki ne ga masana kimiyyar cewa lokacin da kwari masu tashi suka yi wani sautin bakon abu - sai su yi yawo. Maƙanƙan zuma suna ciyar da zuma sau da yawa. Kuna iya dube su da dare. Suna yawo cikin haske.
Labari na Labare
Abin ban sha'awa ne cewa ga marubucin Edgar Allan Poe, "Matattu kai" sun zama nau'in kayan tarihi. Bayan ya gan ta, sai ya rubuta labarin “Sphinx”, inda wani kwari da ba a san ya canza ba ya zama wata halitta mai ban mamaki, wacce ta hau saman tsaunin. A cikin silima "Ana samun kanun Adam" a cikin fim "Silence of the Lambs." Anan, babban halayen ya sanya yar tsana a bakin wadanda abin ya shafa.
Mutanen Russia sun yi imani cewa babu wanda ke kusa da zai mutu lokacin da ta ga wata malam buɗe ido kuma dole ne a kashe ta. A Ingila, an ce masu sa'a da maita suna amfani da "Matattarar Matattu" don gudanar da ibadu iri daban-daban. A Turai, sun kuma ce nan ba da jimawa ba malam buɗe ido zai zama tawadar Allah.
Dangane da gaskiyar cewa ana ba da kulawa sosai ga malam buɗe ido Acherontia atropos, da kuma camfin da yawa da ke da alaƙa da shi, kusan kusan zalunci ne a bayan “Matattarar Shugaban”. Abin da ya sa aka jera nau'in kwari a cikin Littafin Layi. Gaskiya ne, ba kwa buƙatar jin tsoron ta. Zai fi kyau kawai a so kawai!