Kissar Mississippian (Ictinia mississipiensh) tana zaune ne a Amurka. Ya kai 37 cm a tsawon, fikafi 95 cm, tsayin fika 29, tsawon wutsiya 13 cm. Shugaban, wuyansa, kananan fuka-fukan tsuntsu da dukkan gabobin jikinsu tsarkakakken jagora ne cikin launi, kuma yakamata a lura cewa a goshi da kuma a gefen karamin reshe gashin fuka-fukai wannan launi ya zama launin fari-fari Ragowar jiki, in banda frenulum da fatar ido, ana fentinsu a cikin launi mai duhu-launin shuɗi, ana wucewa da saman fuka-fukan da fikafikan fuka-fukai da wutsiya, haka kuma akan manyan fuka-fukai da gashinsa a cikin launin baƙi. Idanun suna jini ja, baki na baki ne, kafafu sunyi ja da ja.
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1 - Mississippi kite (Ictinia mississipiensis) 2 - Kyauta mai yatsa (Elanoides forficatus)
Yankin rarraba yankin Mississippian ya shimfida ne kawai zuwa kudu maso kudu da kudu maso yammacin kasashen arewacin Amurka, wanda Gasar Mexico ta wanke. Samfuran dabam dabam sun tashi zuwa South Carolina har ma zuwa arewa, don haka wani lokacin ana iya harbe su anan, amma ainihin mahaifarsu ita ce Texas da Mexico.
Audubon ya gaya mana cewa: “Da farkon yanayin bazara, wani maraƙin Mississippian ya bayyana a bankunan wannan kogin mai girma, wanda yake ɗaukar suna, ya kuma tafi kusa da shi, har ya kai ga Memphis. Ya isa Louisiana a cikin rabin Afrilu a cikin ƙananan garke, guda 5 ko 6, kuma tana zaune a cikin gandun daji a bakin kogunan. Ba ta yin zurfi a cikin kasar .. A bayyane yake, ya fi dacewa ta zauna kan tsire-tsire da aka dasa kwanan nan kusa da ruwa .. Jirgin Mississippi mai kyau yana da ƙarfi, yana da gajiya kuma yana tashi zuwa irin wannan tsayi wanda kawai zai iya tashi game da A wasu lokutan, wannan sautin yakan yi yawo a sama ba tare da motsin fuka-fukinsa ba kuma yana bayanin daidai da'irori .. Hakanan sau da yawa, yayin da yake jujjuya fikafikansa, kwatsam, kamar kibiya, yakan sauka a hankali ya ruɗar da rassan sa akan abin da ya lura da mai maye ko wasu. kwaro, wani lokacin yakan faru don ganin yadda, tare da ɓoyayyen ƙazanta, yake birgima saman ko gangar jikin itace, yana niyyar kama ganima, wani lokacin ɗan kutse ya ɓoye a cikin zigzags, kamar dai don tserewa daga bin maƙiyi mai haɗari, wani lokacin kuma da alama yana birgima a kan tashi, kamar Dan iska-turmani.
Yakan yi doguwar tafiya zuwa karamin jirgi, yawanci tare da sauran abubuwan haɗiye. Wani lokacin yakanyi girma a cikin tsayi a tsakanin tsintsaye da kuma vultures ko kuma a cikin jama'ar da aka buga buga. Da yardar rai ya fasa wuyansa, har sai wannan matashin ya gangaro zuwa ƙasa don dakatar da wasan da ba shi da kyau a gare shi. Neman babban kwari, mai rarrafe ko karamin mai rarrafe, ƙugu yana juyawa ta gefe, yana shimfida kafaɗinsa tare da yatsunsu kuma yaduwa kuma yawanci yakan kama ganima. A bayyane yake, ya ci shi a kan tashi ba tare da jin daɗin rayuwa da sauƙi ba fiye da zama a kan bishiya. Bai taba zuwa duniya ba alhali yana lafiya. Bai taba kai hari ga dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, ko da yake yana son bin dawakai, yana kururuwa da ƙarfi kuma yana jefa kansa, amma shi ma baya taɓa tsuntsaye. ”A cewar Ridgway, abincinsa ya ƙunshi cicadas da ciyawa iri-iri, kuma wani ɓangare ma kananan macizai. Ba koyaushe yake ba. yakan kama ganima, kuma yana amfani da beak don wannan ma.
Kissar Mississippian tana shirya gida a saman rassan bishiyoyi mafi tsayi, akasarinsu a kan manya-manyan tsirrai da farin itacen oak, waɗanda ke yin ado a duk jihohin kudu. Wannan ginin na iya zama mai sauqi qwarai kuma yana kama da mazaunin kabari, ya ƙunshi rassa da aka watsa a saman juna, wanda aka liƙa tare da ganshin Mutanen Espanya, haushi na itacen inabin da bushe ganye. An fentin qwai biyu ko uku masu fentin launuka masu duhu tare da launin duhu-launin ruwan kasa da duhu baki akan launin kore. Suna da tsawon 40 mm, kuma mafi girman diamita shine 35 mm, saboda haka suna zagaye kuma ba tare da wani aibobi ba. Dukkan tsuntsayen suna kyankyashe ƙwai kuma suna ƙaunar chan uwansu sosai har suka kāre su da ƙarfin hali daga abokan gaba, har ma daga mutane. Audubon ya ba da rahoton cewa wasu kuɗaɗen, mazaunin da ya ba da umarnin fita, sun yi karo da yawa sau da yawa kusa da ainihin mutumin baƙar fata yana hawa dutsen. Da zarar sun koyi tashi, kajin sun zama kamar iyayensu kuma tun kafin lokacin tashiwar hunturu sai su sami cikakkiyar sikirin tsuntsaye.
Daga Encyclopedia "Rayuwa ta dabba" ta Alfred Brehm.
Alamomin waje na Mississippi
Mississippi Kite karamin tsuntsu ne na ganima mai kimanin 37 - 38 cm a ciki kuma tana da fikafiti mai nauyin cm cm 8. Tsawon reshe ya kai cm 29, wutsiyar tana da tsawon tsayi cm 13 nauyinta: 270 388 grams.
Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mayana mugawa)
Siffar siliki tayi kama da irin sihirin da take da dibarta. Mace tana da girman da fikafikan ɗan girma. Tsuntsayen manya sun kusan toshe gabaɗaya. Fuka-fukan sun yi duhu kuma shugaban ya fi sauki. Gashin fuka-fukai ƙananan fuka-fukai ne kuma ƙasan jikin mutum launin launi mai haske. Gaban goshi da ƙarshen ƙananan gashin fuka-fuka-fari fararen fata ne.
Wutsiyar ƙarancin Mississippian ta musamman ce tsakanin duk magabatan ƙaunatattun na Arewacin Amurka, launin ta yana da baki sosai. A sama, fuka-fukan suna da ɗanɗano launin shuɗi a ɓangaren babban ɗan firam na fikafik da farar fata a jikin fuka-fukan. Babban gashin fuka-fukai na wutsiya da fikafikan, manyan fuka-fuki da fika wutsiya launin shuɗi-baki. Baki amarya ta kewaye idanun. Gashin ido yana da launin toka. Akan ƙaramar baki bebe yana da rawaya rigar kusa da bakin. Iris mai launin ja ne. Kafafu suna kan carmine ja.
Gudanar da launuka na kananan tsuntsaye ya bambanta da launin fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsaye.
Kawunansu fararen fata ne, wuya da ƙananan sassan jikinsu suna yaɗa tagulla da launin ruwan kasa. Duk rabe-rabensu da fuka-fukan fuka-fuki suna da haske - baƙar fata tare da wasu iyakokin da ke bayyane. Maƙasudin yana da madaidaitan fararen fararen abubuwa uku. Bayan molt na biyu, matasa Mississippi kuɗaɗen fata sun sami launin shuɗewar tsuntsaye manya.
Kisan Mississippi suna hutawa, neman abinci, da ƙaura cikin rukuni.
Mississippi Kite Habitats
Kites ɗin Mississippi suna zaɓar rukunin tsakiya da kudu maso yamma a tsakanin gandun daji don farawa. Suna zaune a cikin ciyawar makiyaya, inda akwai bishiyoyi da ganye masu yawa. Suna bayar da fifiko ga daukacin dazuzzukan daji kusa da wuraren zama, da kuma ciyayi da wuraren da aka shuka. A cikin yankunan kudanci, ana samun tarkacen Mississippi a cikin gandun daji da savannahs, a wuraren da itacen oak yake da ciyayi.
Mississippi Kite yadawa
Mississippi Kite wani nau'in halittar tsuntsu ne masu kyan gani a yankin na Arewacin Amurka. Suna zaune a Arizona, a gefen kudu na manyan filayen, suka watso gabas zuwa Carolina da kudu zuwa Mashigin Mexico. Suna zaune a adadi mai yawa a tsakiyar Texas, Louisiana da Oklahoma. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yankin rarraba su ya karu sosai, saboda haka ana iya ganin waɗannan tsuntsayen ganima a New England a cikin bazara da kuma cikin tsaunukan hunturu. Kudin hunturu na Mississippi a Kudancin Amurka, a kudancin Florida da Texas.
A lokacin farauta yakan zama yakan fikafikan sa kuma yakan saukar da shi ganima.
Siffofin halayen Kisa na Mississippian
Kisan Mississippi suna hutawa, neman abinci, da ƙaura cikin rukuni. Yawancin lokaci suna da mazauni a cikin mazauna. Sun fi yawancin lokacinsu a iska. Jirginsu yayi daidai ko da kuwa, amma sau da yawa tsuntsaye sukan canza shugabanci da tsauni kuma basa yin sintiri madauwari. Jirgin saman Mississippian yana da ban sha'awa, sau da yawa yakan hau sama sama ba tare da ya kunna fikafikan sa ba. Yayin farauta, yakan ninka fikafikansa sau biyu yana saukar da layin tsohuwa, da wuya ya taɓa rassan, don ganima. Maƙiyan da ke gashin tsuntsu tana nuna ƙazamar ban mamaki, da ke tashi saman saman bishiya ko tsintsiya domin abin da ta ci. Wani lokaci Mississippi ta yi wani zigzag, kamar dai ta guji neman sa ne.
A watan Agusta, tun lokacin da suka tara kitse mai yawa, tsuntsaye masu cin nama suna barin arewacin hemisphere, tsawon jirgin zai isa kusan kilomita 5000 zuwa tsakiyar Kudancin Amurka. Ba ta tashi da zurfi a cikin nahiyar ba, galibi tana ciyar da filayen girbi da ke kusa da kandami. Sake bugun Kiss na Mississippian.
Kis ɗin Mississippi tsuntsaye ne masu yawa.
An kafa nau'i-nau'i jim kadan kafin ko kuma nan da nan bayan isowa zuwa wuraren yanar gizon. Fitowa na zanga-zangar suna da wuya, amma namiji yakan kan bi mace. Wannan kaddararrun tsuntsaye suna da tsintsiya madaidaiciya guda ɗaya a kowace kakar, wacce zata iya kasancewa daga Mayu zuwa Yuli. Daga kwanaki 5 zuwa 7 bayan isowa, tsuntsayen manya sun fara gina sabon gida ko kuma a gyara tsohuwar, in an kiyaye ta.
Mississippi kuti kaza a cikin gida
Gida yana kan manyan rassan itace mai tsayi. Yawancin lokaci, ƙungiyar Mississippian suna zaɓar farin itacen oak ko Magnolia kuma shirya gida a tsayi daga mita 3 zuwa 30 daga saman duniya. Tsarin yana kama da gida na hankaka, wani lokacin yana gaba da jera ko kuma kudan kudan zuma, wanda yake shi ne ingantaccen kariya game da kai hare-hare kan kajin na dermatobia. Babban kayan gini shine kananan rassa da guntun haushi, wanda tsuntsayen suke sanya gansar Spanish da ganye mai bushe. Kisannin Mississippi a kai a kai suna ƙara sabo ganye don rufe rufin da zuriyar dabbobi da ke gurbata ƙarshen gida.
Gina gida a kan mafi girma rassan itace mai tsayi
A cikin kama akwai ƙwai masu launin kore biyu - uku, waɗanda aka rufe da cakulan masu yawa - launin ruwan kasa da aibobi masu duhu. Tsawonsu ya kai cm 4 da diamita na 3.5 cm. Duk tsuntsaye biyu suna kwana a kwance a masaka tsawon kwanaki 29 zuwa 32. Kyankyasai suna bayyana tsirara kuma ba su da taimako, ta yadda manya-manya ke kula da su ba tare da tsangwama ba a cikin kwanakin 4 na farko, na isar da abinci.
Mississippian kuɗaɗen gida a cikin mazauna.
Wannan shi ne ɗayan waɗannan nau'in tsuntsayen da ba a taɓa ganin irinsu ba, waɗanda ke da mataimaka. Kungiyar baƙaƙen yara matasa tun yana ɗan shekara ɗaya suna ba da kariya ga gida, kuma suna cikin aikinta. Hakanan suna kula da kajin. Tsuntsaye manya suna ciyar da 'ya' ya na akalla makonni 6. Kan wasan matasa sun bar gida bayan kwanaki 25, amma ba su iya tashi wani kuma ko makwanni biyu, sun sami 'yanci cikin kwanaki 10 bayan tashi.
A ƙasa, ɓar Mississippi ba ta taɓa zama.
Bayanin da fasali
Kites - tsuntsayen ganima babba, dangin shaho. A tsayi suka kai har zuwa m 0.5; babban maƙi ya yi nauyin 1 kg. Fuka-fukan suna da fadi sosai, amma babba a tsawon - tare da fikafikan da ya kai 1.5 m.
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Launin gashin fuka-fukai dabam-dabam ne, galibi cike yake da launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa, da farin fari. Kites yawanci suna da ƙananan paws, kuma na ƙananan girman, ƙugiya mai ƙugiya ta ƙugiya. A cikin neman abinci, sukan kwashe lokaci mai yawa a cikin iska, a hankali suna mamaye filayen farauta.
Gidajen wannan tsuntsun da ke cikin daji suna da yawa, amma, howeveran ƙaramin yanki ne kawai ke haifar da yanayin rayuwa. Kamar wadannan yankuna, yawanci sukan zabi wani itace mai kyan itace wanda yake kusa da jikin ruwa.
1. A baki baki. Shi talaka ne. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 50-60 cm, nauyi - 800-1100 g, fikafikan 140-155 cm tare da tsawon reshe na 41-51 cm.
Mazaunan baƙar fata ko'ina, ya dogara da yankin tsuntsu na iya haifar da zaman kashe wando da salon rayuwar mazaje.
Saurari muryar baƙar fata
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Peungiyoyin kuɗaɗe na baƙar fata:
- Europeanungiyar Turai ta zaune a Turai (yankuna na kudu da tsakiyar ta) hunturu a cikin Afirka. Kansa yana da launin launi.
- Kan fararen baƙi, suna zaune a Siberiya, kan yankin Yankin Amur.
- Smallan ƙaramin baƙar Indiya da ke zaune a gabashin Pakistan, a cikin wurare masu zafi na Indiya, da Sri Lanka.
- Forktail kite, daga Papua da Gabashin Australia.
- Taron Taiwan ke yawo a Taiwan da Hainan.
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Hoton wani yanki ne na Forktail
Yankunan farauta daga cikin fararen baƙar fata sune farin ciki na daji, filaye, bankunan koguna da zurfin ruwa. Da wuya ya farauta a cikin daji. Kite hakar yana siffanta shi azaman polyphage.
Kodayake babban abincinsa mai gopher ne, yana iya farautar kifaye, mice, ferrets, hamsters, shingehogs, lizards, ƙananan tsuntsaye (rafuka, baƙar fata, finki, mai yan itace), hares.
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2. Whistler Kite. Tana zaune da mazaunan Australia, New Caledonia da New Guinea. Tsuntsu ne na gandun daji mai haske, yana zaune kusa da ruwa. Gabaɗaya, yana haifar da yanayin kwanciyar hankali, a cikin biocenosis iri ɗaya, duk da haka, yana iya wasu lokuta yayi ƙaura zuwa arewacin arewacin nahiyar yayin lokacin fari.
Ya sami sunan barkwanci da godiya ga ɗabi'un hayaniya. Wannan tsuntsu yakan yi yawu a lokacin gudu da kuma yayin da yake cikin gida. Kite yayi kururuwa sautin ya yi kama da sautin kara, mai sanyin hali, wanda wasu ke gaje su biye da su, kowane ya fi na baya.
Abincinsu ya haɗa da dukkanin halittun da suke da ikon samowa: kifi, kwari, dabbobi masu rarrafe, masu baƙi, ƙwayoyin dabbobi, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma tsuntsaye. Ba su ƙi kuma sun faɗi ba, kuma a cikin New Guinean kugunan ya zama rabon zaki daga abincin. Alaka na cin abinci a lokacin hunturu.
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3. Buran Brahmin. Ana iya samun wannan nau'in a cikin Sri Lanka, Indiya, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Ostiraliya. Tana zaune a yankuna na wurare masu zafi / ƙasa, galibi gefen tekun.
Yawancin lokaci suna rayuwa a cikin biocenosis iri ɗaya, amma suna iya yin jiragen sama na yanayi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da lokacin damina. Tushen abincin da tsuntsayen ke ɗaukar su shine kifaye, kifi da matattu. A wasu lokutan kan farauto hares, kifi da sata daga wasu mafarauta.
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4. Red buga. Girman matsakaici (tsayin jiki: 60-65 cm, tsawon: 175-195 cm). Akwai biyan kuɗi guda biyu. Yawancin matafiya sun bambanta a duk duniya: daga Scandinavia, Turai da kasashen CIS zuwa Afirka, tsibirin Canary da Caucasus. Ya fi son yanayin canjin yanayi, daɗaɗɗu da cakuda gandun daji kusa da filayen da filayen noma.
Saurari muryar murhun jan
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5. Kusa da kafa biyu. Samu babban sunansa don haƙora 2 akan baki. Shi mai jan kafa ne. Girman masu girma, ƙananan matsakaici: 230 g. A baya can, an danganta shi da dangin falcon. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji masu zafi / na wurare masu zafi, daga yankin kudu na Mexico zuwa Brazil. Tana zaune a ko'ina cikin kewayon sa.
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6. Kyau mai launin toka. Yanki a gabashin Mexico, Peru, Argentina, tsibirin Ptia, Trinidad. A cikin hunturu, kwari kudu. Dangin dangi ne na Mississippian, kodayake, ya bambanta da ita ta launi mai duhu na shuɗewa, da gefen fikafikan masu launin fata.
Tana zaune a cikin savannah da ciyayi mai laushi. Babban abincin shine kwari kwari masu yawa a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi da dabbobi masu rarrafe iri iri.
Karan Mississippi yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mayu. Yana zaune a yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Amurka, yana ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen kudu. Ya fi son yanayin yanayi, yanayin ƙasa ne.
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7. Mai cin duri. Mahalli na Kudancin Amurka ta Tsakiya. Tsuntsu yakai matsakaici girma, tare da tsawon tsayinsa na 36-48 cm, fuka-fukai mai nauyin 100-120 cm kuma nauyin 350-550 g .. Abincin da yake dashi shine katantanwa, saboda girmansa wanda yake zaune kusa da marshes da tafkunan. Ta amfani da bakin bakin ciki, mai yatsar baki, maharban ya cire mollusk daga cikin kwalin.
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8. Spongy buga. An rarraba shi cikin Australiya duka, amma ba mutane da yawa ba. Yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, amma wasu tsuntsaye suna yin tashin hankali. Abincinta ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, tsuntsayen da ƙwaiyensu, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwari da kwari.
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9. Kyau mai launin baƙi. Mazauna arewacin Australia. A matsayinsa na mazaunin, ya zabi wani yanki mai cike da farin ciki, busassun ciyawa, busassun ciyawa da hamada. Ita ce mafi girman tsuntsu a Australia wanda ke da girman tsayi na 50-60 cm, fuka-fuki mai nauyin 145-155, kuma nauyinsa ya kai 1300 g.
Ganimarsa halittu ne masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye da kuma mazauninta. Zzar ƙanƙan da ke bugun baƙin-baki tana da ƙarfin zartar da dutse-sare tsuntsu mai kwan-kwanciya a ƙasa.
Rayuwa & Habitat
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Ba shi yiwuwa a tantance shin wannan tsuntsu bawon jujjuyawar yake. Yawancin waɗannan ƙananan fuka-fukan da ke ƙaura suna ƙaura yayin hunturu, kuma kawai wasu nau'in, keɓaɓɓu ko daidaikun mutane suna yin rayuwar "dindindin". Mafi yawanci yana tashi zuwa Afirka da ƙasashen dumi na Asiya, wasu nau'ikan Australiya suna ƙaura a cikin nahiyar.
Don gudu, kwari sun taru a cikin babban garken, wanda yake shi keɓaɓɓe ga tsuntsaye masu farauta.
Abubuwan da aka samu na mutanen farko zuwa wuraren farauta ana lura da su a farkon bazara, a cikin Maris. A cikin ƙananan Dnieper, yana iya bayyana ko da daysan kwanaki a baya.
Tashi ne yafi faruwa a ƙarshen Satumba da farkon Oktoba. Kungiyoyin kwantar da tarzoma ta Arewa sun iso daga baya a lokacin bazara, kuma suka tashi da wuri a cikin bazara, kwana 7-9 daga baya.
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Wa] ansu jama'ar sun yi imanin cewa, kukan, suna kunna wuta zuwa dazuzzukan, suna jefa kansu da wuta, don haka suna “shan sigari” daga mafaka
Fiye da manyan wuraren ajiyar ruwa an fi son su, wanda ya basu damar da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba wajen farauta da rayuwa. Kare filayen farauta don tsuntsaye ba abu bane mai sauki. Don kare gidajensu daga ɓoye 'yan uwansu, kisa sun rataye abubuwa masu haske a cikin begen ɓatar da su.
A cikin bincike, waɗannan tsuntsayen da ke cin abincin sun sami damar yin kuka na dogon lokaci a sararin sama. Yawancin masana kimiyyar kere-kere sun iya sanin nau'in wasan daidai ta wurin jigilar abubuwa a sararin sama.
Mississippi don ciyar da abinci
Mississippi, galibi tsuntsayen kwari. Suna ci:
Farauta don kwari ne da za'ayi a isa isa. A ƙasa, ɓar Mississippi ba ta taɓa zama. Da zaran tsuntsun da ta farauto ta sami tarin kwari, sai ta shimfiɗa fikafikanta, ta kuma yi birgima a kan abin da take ci, sai ta kama ta da riƙo biyu ko biyu.
Wannan katafaren yana zubar da gabar da fuka-fuki daga wanda aka azabtar, ya kuma cinye sauran jikin a jikin tashi ko zaune akan bishiya. Sabili da haka, ragowar abubuwa daga invertebrates ana samun su sau da yawa a cikin kusa da mazaunin gidan Mississippian. Kwayoyin halittar tsaye suna da karamin kashi na abincin tsuntsayen ganima. Waɗannan dabbobi galibi dabbobi ne waɗanda suka mutu a kan hanyar bayan wani karo da motoci.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Kayan mata sun fi girma fiye da maza. Dukansu suna da hannu cikin ginin gidan. Tsuntsaye suna amfani da rassa na kauri daban-daban, kuma an shimfiɗa tebur ɗin tare da busassun ciyawa, raƙuman ruwa, zane, mayafin takarda, ulu, da sauran kayan.
Lokacin da ake gyara gidan, baƙar fata ta sake tabbatar da shi tare da rassan kuma ya haifar da sabon tushe. Ana amfani da gida guda ɗaya har zuwa shekaru 4-5, sabili da haka, yana iya canzawa a cikin girman a duk wannan lokacin.
![](//img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/2343/korshun-ptitsa-84BF1.jpg)
Sparrows sau da yawa suna zaune a bangon nunin. Waɗannan shimfidar wuraren galibi suna kan bishiyoyi har zuwa 20 m sama da ƙasa, wani lokacin a tsawon mil 10-11. Yawancin bishiyoyin galibi suna kusa da jikin ruwa - itacen oak, alder, Birch haushi.
A cikin Dnieper, fararen baƙar fata ya fara kwanciya ƙwai a watan Afrilu - Mayu. Zamanin alamar shafi alamun kyau ne sosai game da irin yadda hasken rana yake shafar haifuwa.
Kwancen kwancen fata baƙar fata suna faruwa ne kawai a tsawan 14.5-15. Shuka yana da kimanin kwanaki 26-28 kuma yana farawa da kwan farko. Cikakken abin kama shi ne daga qwai biyu zuwa hudu.
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Kite kajin
Kyankyasai na kyankyasai daga Mayu zuwa Yuni. A wuraren farauta ana samun kajin na shekaru daban-daban. Masana ilimin dabbobi sun lura da shari'ar kisa, saboda cin yawancin abincin da magabatan suka yi, da kuma cewa bayan jirgin, iyaye sukan daina kula da zuriyarsu.
Gabaɗaya, rayayyun kuliyoyin kuli-kuli a Samara Bor (bisa ƙididdigar A. D. Kolesnikov) kashi 59.5%. Yawancin mutuwar su suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da ayyukan ɗan adam.
(Haliastur sphenurus)
Aka rarraba shi ko'ina cikin Australia (gami da tsibiran bakin teku), a cikin New Caledonia, kazalika a cikin New Guinea (ban da gefen arewa maso yamma da yankuna masu ban sha'awa a tsakiyar tsibirin). Whistler kite - itacen kurmi na tsuntsu. Ya fi son yin kwanciya kusa da ruwa. Ana samo shi a tsawan sama har zuwa 1400 m sama da matakin teku. Gabaɗaya, wannan tsuntsu ne mai tsayi, amma a Ostiraliya, wasu kuɗaɗen masu ba da fatawa suna ƙaura zuwa gabar tekun arewacin lokacin lokacin bazara. Daga Kudancin Ostireliya, wasu mutane suna ƙaura zuwa kudu yayin faɗuwar. A Kudancin Ostiraliya, adadin kuɗaɗɗa na dusarwa yana raguwa saboda magudanan ruwa kuma - a sakamakon - rage adadin waɗanda wannan maƙiyin ya shafa.
Kwaro da ƙwaya ke tsiro 50-60 cm a tsawon tare da fikafikan 123-146 cm. Weight - daga 380 zuwa 1050 g. Kamar yawancin tsuntsayen ganima, a cikin wannan nau'in, mace tana da girma da kuma nauyi fiye da maza, matsakaicin bambanci na iya isa 21% a cikin girman kuma 42% ta nauyi. A cikin sassan kudanci, yawan hancin sun fi girma a ɓangare na arewacin wurare masu zafi. Abinda ya rage tsakanin mata da maza iri daya ne. A cikin manya, kai, kirji da wutsiya suna da launin toka-duhu, fuka-fukai sunfi kusa da launin ruwan kasa, fuka-fukan kuwa baƙi ne. Matasa - a cikin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa, tare da daskararren rawaya layin fuka-fukan. Dukansu matasa da manya, kafafu ba su da launin fata, mai launin fata. Gabaɗaya, mai sautin-huda ya yi kama da tsuntsu wanda ke da ƙaramin kai da wutsiya mai tsayi, lokacin da tsuntsun ya zauna - fikafikan sa suna gajarta ne idan aka kwatanta da wutsiya. Duk da gajeren kafafunta, sautin kukan yana tafiya da kyau a ƙasa. Bayan haka, wannan tsuntsun ya gwammace yin ruku'u a kan fikafikan ɗan lanƙwasa dan kadan, yayin da layin fuka-fukan tsuntsu yana da ƙyar. Gashin fuka-fukan a saman kasan reshe suna yin tsarin banbanci.
Whistler saƙa tsuntsu ne mai yawan surutu, yakan yi kuwwa da gudu da kuma lokacin da ya zauna, ko da ya hau kan gida. Mafi yawan lokuta, kukansa a bayyane yake, sannu a hankali yana kwantar da zumar, bayansa (kasa da sau - a gabansa) zaku iya jin saurin zubukan hanzari, kowannensu ya fi wanda ya gabata. Wadannan tsuntsayen galibi suna zaune su kadai ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i, amma wani lokacin - musamman yayin ƙaura, don tsawan dare, da kuma wuraren da akwai abinci mai yawa - suna iya taruwa a cikin garken.
Yana ciyar da duk abin da zai iya kamawa: ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, kifi, dabbobi masu rarrafe, 'yan amphibians, crustaceans, kwari. Kada ku raina shi da cinikin. Kamfanonin Ostireliya suna da yiwuwar farauta ganima (amma ba lokacin hunturu ba, lokacin da suke ciyar da abinci akansu), a New Guinea waɗannan tsuntsayen suna dauke da kaya. Lokacin farauta, sukan kama wanda aka azabtar daga ƙasa ko daga ruwa, ko da yake ana iya kama kwari a cikin iska. Sun kuma saci abinci daga kwari da kango, da kuma daga wasu tsuntsayen ganima, yayin da suke sa manyan tsuntsayen ruwa su datse kifin da wadancan suka kama. Sau da yawa ana zagaya hanyoyi a kan binciken dabbobi da motoci suka buge. Suna kuma amfani da gobarar farin ciki, suna kama dabbobi da tsoro a ƙarshen wutar.
A Kudancin Australia, lokacin kiwo ya wuce daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba, a arewacin Ostiraliya daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Koyaya, a arewacin Ostireliya da sauran sassan wurare masu zafi na kewayon, whistlers na iya yin gida a kowane lokaci bayan ruwan sama, saboda abin da ganimarsu ke ƙaruwa. Yarin gida mai rarrafewa shine babban dandamali wanda aka yi da twigs. Gida yana yin layi tare da ganye mai ganye, wanda yake a cikin cokali mai yatsa a cikin itacen siriri - galibi eucalyptus ko pine a cikin kogin ambaliya. Wani kuɗaɗen yawanci suna amfani da gida guda ɗaya daga shekara zuwa shekara, suna kammala ta, don haka nesan ya zama babba. Mace yawanci tana sanya fararen-fari-biyu masu launin fari-biyu, wani lokacin kuma an rufe qwai da launin shuɗi. Clutches na kawai 1 ko, musayar, na ƙwai 4 kuma an lura. Chingyanke yana wuce kwanaki 35-40, kajin yana ƙyanƙyashe daga kusan kashi 60% na ƙwai. Kajin an rufe shi da cream ko launin ruwan hoda-launin shuɗi; suna jingina kwanaki 44-54 bayan kyankyasar, to, sun bar gidan. Koyaya, ko da bayan barin gida, har yanzu sun dogara ga iyayensu har zuwa wasu makonni 6-8.
![](//img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/2343/missisipskiy-korshun-C295E93.jpg)
(Haliastur indus)
Aka rarrabu cikin Sri Lanka, Indiya, Pakistan, Bangladesh, da kuma a kudu maso gabas Asiya da Australia har zuwa ciki har da New South Wales. Duk da yaduwar da ake ta yadawa, mafi yawan karnukan Brahmin tsuntsu ne mai kauri. A wasu sassa na kewayon kawai yana yin ƙaura yanayi na lokacin ruwan sama kamar da bakin ruwa. Yana zaune a mafi yawan wurare masu zurfi da yankuna na wurare masu zafi: yankuna, wuraren kiwon dabbobi, rairayin bakin teku, maɓuɓɓugan tudu, tashoshin jiragen ruwa, suma suna zaune a bakin koguna da tabkuna, rafukan ruwa, filayen shinkafa. Ainihin, wannan tsuntsu yana zaune a cikin filayen, amma a cikin Himalayas ana iya samun shi a nisan da ya kai 1500 m sama da matakin teku.
Jimlar jikin mutum shine 45-51 cm, fikafikai 109-144 cm ne, nauyin jikin yana daga 320 zuwa 670 g. Matar tana da girma fiye da namiji. Zumuntar tsuntsayen manya-manyan launin ruwan kasa-kasa, kai da kirji kawai fararen fata ne.
Ta wani nau'in abinci, shine mafi yawan lokuta, ana cinye kifayen da suka mutu da kifayen, musamman a cikin fadama. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci yakan farautar hares ko jemagu. Hakanan yakan saci ganima daga wasu tsuntsayen ganima. Sau da yawa ba sa cin zuma, yana lalata amyarta ta kudan zuma. Masunta suna tashi ruwa sama da ruwa, duk da cewa wani lokacin zai iya sauka ba tare da matsala ba, sai ya sha ruwa ko da iyo. Tsuntsayen yara suna son yin wasa ta hanyar jefa ganyayen bishiya da kama su a cikin iska.
Ana kiyaye waɗannan kuɗaɗe shi kaɗai ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i, wani lokacin sukan tattara a maimakon manyan garken. A Kudancin Asiya, yana yaduwa daga Disamba zuwa Afrilu. A Ostiraliya, daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba a wuraren bushewa kuma daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni a cikin laima mai laima na arewacin nahiyyar. Gida an gina shi daga ƙananan rassa da kuma rassansa, hutu na mazaunin yana tare da ganye. Yakan yi girma a kan bishiyoyi iri daban-daban (a tsawon mil 2 zuwa 30), amma fi son mangroves. Daga kowace shekara tana yin sheƙarta a wuri guda. Da wuya a gina gida a ƙasa a gindin itaciya. A cikin kama 2 datti fari ko ƙwayaje masu launin fari. Duk iyayen sun gina gida kuma suna ciyar da kajin, amma tabbas mata ne kawai ke sanya incubates. Yin kiyayya yana daga kwana 26 zuwa 35. Kajin sun yi mubaya'a a cikin kwanaki 40-56, amma har tsawon watanni biyu suka dogara da iyayensu.
![](//img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/2343/missisipskiy-korshun-A5256.jpg)
(Milvus Milvus)
Ayyuka a cikin Scandinavia, Tsakiya da Kudancin Turai, Caucasus, Asia orarami, arewacin Iran, Afirka a bakin tekun Yammacin Gibraltar, tsibirin Canary da kuma tsibirin Cape Verde. Tsuntsayen tsuntsayen da ke zaune a arewacin da gabashin sassan yanki na halitta (Sweden, Poland, Jamus, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus) suna ƙaura, suna ƙaura kudu da yamma a cikin hunturu, galibi zuwa yankin Rum. A cikin kudu maso yamma na kewayon, tsuntsaye suna kwance a ƙasa. Ya fi son tsoffin dattijai da gandun daji gauraye don buɗe sarari da shimfidar wurare na al'adu. A Spain, inda kusan kashi 22 cikin ɗari na mazaunan Turai keɓaɓɓun mazauna kuma babban yankin dake wurin yin yankan, tsuntsaye sun fi son wuraren noma sosai, ba tsauni a tsaunuka ba. Guji matsanancin laima ko kuma m yankin yanayin zafi.
Tsuntsu mai matsakaici tsayi ne tsawon shekaru 61-72, tsawonsa kuma yana da nauyin 175-200 cm kuma nauyin 900-100 g. Idanun suna da launuka masu launi, tare da launin rawaya a kusa da su, a ɗan ɓoye. Lissafin launin rawaya ne a gindi, launin toka mai duhu ko baƙi a ƙarshen, mai kaifi, an tanƙwara ƙasa a ƙarshen. Jikin alheri ne. Fuka-fukan suna da tsayi, lokacin da ake haɓaka haɓakar V-dimbin yawa. Wutsiya tana da tsayi, tare da hutu mai fasali mai fasalin jiki, sau da yawa tanƙwara. Plarfin jikin, theangare na wutsiya da gashin gashin fuka-fukan, tan, tare da duhu mai duhu a kan nono. Fuka-fukan farko-fari farare ne da fararen baƙi. Gashin fuka-fukin gashin tsuntsu na biyu shine launin toka mai duhu. Kafafu suna da haske rawaya, wani lokacin a bayyane suke daga ƙasa yayin jirgin. Ba a bayyana dimorphism na jima'i ba. A cikin kananan tsuntsaye, a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, nono da ciki sunada haske da haske, kuma ba karamar shelar wutsiya bace.
Duk da cewa ja ƙirar babban tsuntsu ce, ba ta da ƙarfi sosai kuma ba ta da ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta da sauran tsuntsayen ganima. Yayin farauta, yana jujjuyawa a cikin ƙananan ƙasa, yana neman kananan wasa. Bayan ya lura da wanda aka azabtar, sai ya faɗi tare da dutse ya kama shi da kaifi mai kaifi. Yana preys akan ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe, da duniya. Wani lokacin yakan ciyar da abinci, musamman ragowar raguna. Bayan lura da faduwar dabba, yana jira kadan nesa har sai da sauran tsuntsaye masu iko, kamar buzzards ko crows, suyi cikakken su.
'Ya'yan fari sun bayyana ne tsakanin shekaru 2 zuwa 4. Kites suna da auren mace ɗaya. A matsayinka na mai mulki, vapors sun dawwama cikin rayuwa, kodayake suna ciyar da lokaci daban da juna a waje da lokacin kiwo. An yi imani cewa sabuntawar shekara-shekara ta kiwo ba ta hanyar kaunar juna bane, amma saboda gaskiyar cewa tsuntsayen suna da ra'ayin mazan jiya game da wurin da ake fara haihuwar su kuma duk shekara suna komawa wurin da suka fara zama na farko. Tsuntsayen matasa suna ƙoƙarin ba da nasu farkon a cikin yankin da suka tsinci kansu. Yin farauta da gina gida yana farawa a cikin Maris, makonni 2-4 kafin kwanciya ƙwai. A cikin kananan tsuntsaye, kiwo a karo na farko, wannan tsari yana faruwa kaɗan daga baya, a farkon Afrilu. Yana faruwa cewa a cikin dumin hunturu ƙwararrun tsuntsaye marasa ilimi sun fara tattara kayan gini a cikin Janairu, amma irin wannan yunƙurin kusan ƙarshen ba komai. A cikin wasannin mating, tsuntsaye sau da yawa suna tashi zuwa juna tare da babban sauri kuma suna juya zuwa gefe kawai a ƙarshen lokacin, wani lokacin yayin taɓa juna da paws. Wani lokaci za su iya kwaikwayon yaƙin da juna, su juya da sauri a cikin karkace a cikin iska, har sai sun sauka a kan rassan itace.
Gida ana gina shi cikin cokali mai yatsa a cikin itace, galibi itacen oak, linden ko Pine, a tsawan 12-20 m sama da ƙasa. Wasu lokuta, maimakon gini, ana amfani da tsohuwar buzzard ko kuran girke. Wannan gida yana aiki shekaru da yawa. Babban kayan gini da ake amfani dashi shine rassan itace bushe waɗanda suke ɗaure tare da ciyawa ko wasu ciyayi. 2-3 days kafin masonry, gida yana rufe da gashin ulu.
Kwancen ƙwaiƙan ƙwai yana faruwa a watan Afrilu kuma yawanci ya ƙunshi 1-3 (da wuya 4) fararen ƙwai tare da furfura ja. Ana sanya ƙwai a jere akai-akai kowace kwana uku. Idan saboda wasu dalilai ƙwai (amma ba kajin ba) sun ɓace, macen ta sami damar kwanciya sake saboda kakar. 'Ya'ya ɗaya ne kawai ake haifarwa a kowace shekara. Lokacin shiryawa shine kwanaki 31 zuwa 32, ko kuma kwanaki 37-38 a cikin yanayin 3 qwai a cikin kamawa. Sai kawai mace ta sanya incubates, namiji a wannan lokacin yana samun abinci a gareta. Wani lokaci, mace tana ficewa daga cikin gida don wasu mintina, ta barta cikin kulawa. Kajin na saukarda suna fitowa daban-daban, a tsarin kwanciya qwai. Bayan brood, makonni biyu na farko mace ta zauna tare da kajin a cikin maza, yayin da namiji zai tanada musu abinci. Bayan haka, mace ma ta tashi ta kama abin da ta ci. Komaji na nuna halin ko in kula ga juna, kodayake hakan ba zai haifar da mutuwarsu ba. Lokacin da kajin ke fara tashi ya dogara da girman brood da wadatar abinci. Bayan kimanin kwanaki 45, suna fara motsawa zuwa rassan makwabta, kuma yawanci suna tashi jirginsu na farko ba tare da kwanaki 48-50 ba, wani lokacin kuma bayan kwanaki 60-70. Har yanzu suna tsaye a reshe, kajin suna tare da iyayensu har sati biyu zuwa uku.
![](//img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/2343/missisipskiy-korshun-E0A56.jpg)
(Milvus migrans)
Aka rarrabu a Afirka (sai Sahara) da Madagascar, akan wasu tsibirai, musamman akan Philippine, Sulawesi, New Guinea, da ƙarshe a Ostiraliya. An bazu ko'ina cikin Turai (daga Iberian Peninsula, Faransa da Belgium gabas zuwa Balkan Peninsula, Romania, Ukraine da arewa zuwa Kudancin Sweden), a cikin tsakiyar da kuma tsiri na Rasha (a gabas zuwa Primorye), a cikin Caucasus da Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Asiya ,arama, Arewacin Iran, Afghanistan, Indiya, Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, China, Japan, da Koriya ta Kudu. A cikin Palearctic, tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura, a wasu sassan yankin kiwo, an zaunar dashi. Blackarƙar baƙar fata tana buƙatar bishiyoyi don farauta a gefe ɗaya, da ruwa, mazaunan waɗanda suke da mahimmanci yayin ciyar da offspringa ,an, a daya bangaren. Mafi yawa ana kiyaye shi kusa da ƙauyuka. Yana faruwa duka a cikin filayen kuma a cikin kurmin daji na tsaunuka.
Jimlar jikin mutum shine 50-60 cm, fikafikai 140-155 cm, nauyi 800-1100 g .. Mace sun ɗan girma fiye da maza. Canza launi na tsuntsaye manya (shekaru biyu da tsufa): gefen baya yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kambi ya kasance wani lokacin zartarwa tare da alamomin baki mai duhu, firam mai duhu-duhu mai duhu tare da hasken tushe na webs na ciki, wutsiya mai launin fata tare da yanayin juyawa mai duhu, gefen ventral na launin ruwan kasa, sau da yawa tare da tint mai launin shuɗi. Beak da kafafu rawaya ne. Iris mai launin shuɗi ne mai launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda. Murya - melodic trill “yurl-yyurrl-yyurrrl” da akai-akai “ki-ki-ki”.
A baki baki ne mai omnivorous tsuntsu. Da yardar rai yake ciyar da jingina da datti, har da kifi, kajin, smallan dabbobi masu shayarwa, 'yan iska, dabbobi masu rarrafe da kwari.Yana farauta a wurare, a hankali yana tashi kewaye da manyan wurare, a tsawan kusan 70-100 m. Ganima isa ga paws, wani lokacin kuma yakan ciyar da kifi daga fadada ta babban hanya. Yayin farauta, kwari sau da yawa suna gudu daga gida, nisan kilomita 5-6, kuma a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan farauta ba a iyakance su kamar yadda suke a cikin sauran tsuntsayen abin farauta. Yakan tashi don farauta jim kaɗan bayan gari ya waye, a tsakiyar ranar da ɗan huta ya huta, kuma da yamma daga 16-17 hours ya sake farauta.
Kites sau da yawa gida a cikin kungiyoyi, suna kafa kananan wuraren mallakar mazauna. Galibi yakan gina nasa mazaunan, galibi yakanyi amfani da tsoffin gine-ginen sauran tsuntsayen (buzzards, ravens). Kites suna fara ginawa ko gyara tsohuwar gida a ƙarshen Afrilu, daga isowa. Andaya daga cikin gida ɗaya yake bauta wa shekaru da yawa. Buƙatu mafi yawanci ana samunsu ne akan bishiyoyi, kusa da kwari ko kwarin kogi, a kudu a wasu lokutan akan dutse. Da girma dabam na nests daban-daban, a kan matsakaita, game da 50-70 cm a diamita da game da 30-40 cm ba ga tsawo, tare da m tire yi liyi tare da beraye, ulu, tarkace abinci, dung, guda takarda, bushe ciyawa, da dai sauransu ƙudan ƙwai yana faruwa a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu. Masonry ya ƙunshi 2-3, da wuya ƙwai 1 ko 4, fari tare da ratsin launin ruwan kasa da aibobi. Lokacin shiryawa shine kimanin kwanaki 30. Mace na ƙyashe ƙwai, tare da wasu halaye na namiji. Chickks suna bayyana a ƙarshen Mayu - farkon Yuni. Ofaya daga cikin ƙwai a cikin kama shine yawanci shine mai magana. Kajin da ke farauta na taimaka wa mace ta 'yantar da kanta daga kwasfa. Bambanci a cikin ƙyanƙyashe shine kwanaki 2-3. Adadin icksan kajin na da muhimmanci: thearamin saurayi yakan mutu sau da yawa, wani lokacin kuma sakamakon cin naman mutane. Kayan kyankyasar ya yi alkawalin yana da shekaru 25 da barin mazaunin yana da kimanin makonni 6, kiyaye kwanakin farko a kusa da sheƙ. Matasa masu tashi suna haɗuwa a kan ranaku daban-daban a Yuli. Broods suna riƙe gaba ɗaya har tashi, lokacin da garken suka samar.
![](//img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/2343/missisipskiy-korshun-B23A.jpg)
(Harpagus bidentatus)
An rarraba shi daga kudancin Mexico zuwa kudu zuwa gabashin Peru, tsakiya da gabashin Brazil. Yawan mazaunin tsaunukan tsaunin tudu da ƙasa mai nisa da gandun daji.
Tsawon jikin mutum shine 29-35 cm, fuka-fukan shi ne 60-72 cm, taro yana 161-198 g, kuma mace tayi girma fiye da maza, nauyinsu shine 190-229 g. Sunan nasa ne saboda hakora biyu a baki.
Yayin farauta, sai ya zauna a wata karamar sag, yana neman lamurori, kwaro da kwari a cikin zuriyar dajin. Ganin abin da ya farauto ya sauka da sauri.
![](//img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/2343/missisipskiy-korshun-68E70D.jpg)
(Harpagus diodon)
An rarraba shi a gabas da tsakiyar Brazil, gabashin Bolivia, Paraguay da arewacin Argentina, ana samun shi a arewacin Guyana, Suriname da Guiana na Faransa. Tana zaune a dazuzzuka masu zafi na ƙasa iri iri.
A duka tsawon jikin shi ne 29-35 cm, wingpan - 60-72 cm.
Yana neman abincinta zaune akan reshe na itace a tsakiya ko babba na gandun daji. Yana cin abinci a kan manyan kwari, musamman cicadas, kuma yana cin ƙwarkwiyoyi, kwaɗi da mice.
Kanƙarar da ja-ja mai kafaɗɗen gida tana gina sheƙarta a tsayinsa na kusan 12 m sama da ƙasa, tasa kwano mara nauyi na rassan bushe. A cikin kama yawanci 1-2 qwai.
![](//img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/2343/missisipskiy-korshun-E3A5227.jpg)
(Ictinia mississippiensis)
Wannan bukka ta mazauni a cikin tsakiya da kuma sassan Kudancin Amurka, suna ƙaura zuwa nesa a cikin hunturu, zuwa Gabas ta Bolivia, Kudancin Brazil, Paraguay da Arewacin Argentina.
Tsuntsayen manya an yi zanen su da launin toka, tare da wuta mai sauƙi da ta ɓangaren ɓangaren ciki da kuma duhu mai duhu da kuma ɓangaren reshe. Maza da mata suna da launi iri ɗaya, kawai kai da wuya na maza suna da ma'amala. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin mutum shine 30-37 cm, fuka-fuki ya kusan 90 cm, nauyi yana daga 214 zuwa 388 g.
Abincin ya ƙunshi ƙananan kwari (cicadas, ciyawa, farau), waɗanda suke kamawa da gudu. Wani lokacin yakan ci birdsan kananan tsuntsaye, ƙwayaye, frogs da dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Mississippian kuɗaɗen gida a cikin mazauna. Duk iyayen biyu, waɗanda ke da kama ɗaya a cikin shekara guda, suna kulawa da thea ,an, kuma koda yaushe galibi ana azabtar da rakumar da mujiyoyin Budurwa. A cikin kama yawanci 2-3 fararen qwai. Gida an gina shi daga ƙananan sandunan bushe kuma yana cikin kambi na bishiyar yankewa. Young tsuntsaye barin gida 30-35 days bayan hatching.
![](//img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/2343/missisipskiy-korshun-D8F0.jpg)
(Ictinia plumbea)
Gidaje masu launin shuɗi daga gabashin Mexico zuwa Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, har ila yau a tsibirin na Trinidad. Tsuntsayen da suke farauta a arewacin kewayon yayin lokacin hunturu suna ƙaura zuwa kudu.
Matsakaicin tsayin jikin mutum shine 33-38 cm, fuka-fukan kusan 90 cm, nauyin jikin shine 190-280 g. Ya banbanta da nau'ikansa na kusa, na Mississippi, a cikin duhu, launi mai launi, da kuma ƙyallen kirji mai kafaɗa. Shortarin gajeren wutsiyar baƙar fata tana da fararen fari biyu. Bakan gizo mai launin ja, da kakin zuma mai launin toka, kafafu sun yi launin rawaya. Youngishish mai ruwan sanyi tare da gudana, bakan gizo mai rawaya.
Wannan katailiyar mazaunin gandun daji ce da savannahs. Mafi sau da yawa, yana farauta kwari masu kwari a kan rawanin bishiyoyi, yana sanya guntun tsumma daga bogi. Wasu lokuta akwai wadatattun wuraren motsa jiki, zakoki, kananan macizai daga rassa ko daga doron ƙasa.
Ya gina gida mafi girma a kambi, a cikin saka 1-2-farin qwai. Yin kiyayya yana da kimanin kwanaki 32, wanda daga baya iyayen suka ciyar da 'ya'yansu har na tsawon wata guda.
![](//img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/2343/missisipskiy-korshun-C1DE6A3.jpg)
(Rostrhamus socabilis)
An rarraba shi a cikin wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka, a Amurka ta Tsakiya, a kan Tsabar Florida kuma a tsibirin Cuba.
Mai cin dutsin-tsuntsu tsuntsu ne mai matsakaici Tsawon jikin mutum shine 36–48 cm, fikafin nashi shine 99-120 cm, kuma taro yana kusan 300-570 g. Maza suna da launin baƙar fata, wutsiya tana da launin toka tare da faffadar baki. Idanun da paws sunyi ja. Mace masu launin ruwan kasa masu launin shuɗi. Halin halayyar wannan nau'in shine sifar musamman na bakin bakin tare da katako mai zurfi mai zurfi, tanƙwara zuwa ƙasa. Godiya ga wannan baki, mai cin zalin mai daukar abincin yana fitar da abincinsa daga bawo - katantan ruwa a cikin halittar Pomacea.
Yana zaune a cikin fadama, daidaitawa cikin rukuni na 6-10 nau'i biyu. Wasu lokuta mazauna yankunan Slug-eater Kite sukan sami nau'i 100. Abincin kawai mai cin dabbar mai cin duri shine ampullaria - mollusks 3-4 cm a diamita .. Kwaron yana kama su da sanyin safiya ko da yamma, lokacin da katantanwa suka fita daga ruwa zuwa kan tsiro. Cire katantanwa daga cikin kwasfa tare da dogon beak mai dinta, rike shi da yatsunsu mai tsawo da kaifi mai kaifi.
Gida mai narkar da abinci a kan girke girke, a kan bushes, ƙananan bishiyoyi, tsibiran a tsakiyar fadama. Gida mai rauni ne, wanda iska da ruwan sama ke lalata su. A masonry 3-4 qwai, rawaya kore tare da launin ruwan kasa aibobi. Tsarin ƙyanƙyallen ya wuce kwana 28. Iyayen sun hada kawunansu kuma suna ciyar da kajin.
![](//img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/2343/missisipskiy-korshun-B181.jpg)
(Helicolestes hamatus)
Aka rarraba a arewacin Kudancin Amurka. Yawancin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, wanda ke kusa da tafkuna.
A waje, ya yi kama da na cin abinci mara nauyi, amma yana da gajerun wutsiya.
Abincin ya dogara da katantanwar ruwa na halittar Pomacea, wani lokacin yakan ci mayukan.
![](//img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/2343/missisipskiy-korshun-37D3F.jpg)
(Isura isura)
An rarrabawa kusan a ko'ina cikin Australiya, amma yawancin adadin waɗannan tsuntsayen sun yi ƙasa sosai. Yana zaune da mazauna wurare daban-daban: gandun daji budewa mai tsabta, bishiyoyi, kwari, koguna, wuraren shakatawa da savannahs, wasu lokuta ana samun su a wuraren shakatawa na birane da kuma golf golf. Yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, amma wasu mutane suna yin ƙaura na lokaci.
Tsawon jikin mutum shine 50-56 cm, fikafikan shine 130 - 145 cm, nauyin jikin mutum kusan 500 g ne, kuma mata 650 g.
Kayan da aka samu sun ci gaba a saman rawanin itatuwa domin neman ganima. Suna ciyar da kananun tsuntsaye da qwai, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwari da katantanwa.
Ana kiyaye waɗannan tsuntsayen gaba ɗaya ko a cikin biyun, a cikin lokacin kiwo ana iya samun su cikin gungun dangi tare da zuriyarsu. A cikin yankuna masu zafi a Ostiraliya, lokacin kiwo yana faruwa a watan Yuli - Fabrairu, yayin da yake cikin yankin na wurare masu zafi a watan Afrilu. An gina ciyayi a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi masu tsayi, iyayen biyu suna cikin aikin ginin. Ginin gida yakai kimanin makwanni 3. A cikin kama yawanci 1-2 fararen qwai. Lokacin shiryawa yana kimanin kwanaki 40. Mace suna yin incubates, maza suna tsunduma cikin abinci. Kyankyasai sun yi mubaya'a bayan makonni 8, amma kimanin watanni biyu ke nan kusa da iyayensu.
![](//img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/2343/missisipskiy-korshun-0827B.jpg)
(Hamirostra melanosternon)
Yana zaune a Ostiraliya, a cikin arewacin da tsakiyar ɓangaren nahiyar, inda ruwan sama na shekara-shekara bai wuce mm 500 ba. Tana zaune a cikin daji, busassun ciyawa, dazuzzuka, dazuzzuka Tugai da kuma saurin dazuka.
Zzanƙarar da baƙar fata mai launin baki yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsuntsayen ganima a Australia, tsawon tsuntsu girma shine 51-61 cm, fikafikai 147-156 cm ne. Mace da maza sun yi kama da juna, amma mace suna da ɗan girma kuma suna da nauyin 1330 g, yayin da maza 1196 g.
Tana farauta yan sauro, macizai, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma tsuntsaye, galibi suna lalata gidajan tsuntsayen, suna cin kajinsu da ƙwai. Siffar halayyar ƙirar buzzard shine ikonta na karya manyan tsuntsayen ƙwai na tsuntsaye (emu, cranes na Australiya, bustards) farauta a ƙasa tare da dutse. Yana farauta ta hanyoyi daban-daban: yawo a tsakanin ƙananan ciyayi, neman ganima daga haushi ko tafiya ƙasa.
Waɗannan su ne, a matsayin ƙa'ida, ƙaƙƙarfan tsuntsaye, ke haifar da ma'aurata don rayuwa. Ana shirya ciyayi akan bishiyoyi masu tsayi, akai-akai kusa da tafkuna. Gida wani dandamali ne wanda aka kafa rassan, galibi akan yi layi tare da ganye kore. Ana dage sa qwai daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba. Masonry ya ƙunshi ƙwai haske 2 tare da aibobi launin ruwan kasa, waɗanda mace ke yin incubates na kwanaki 32-38. Kajin 1 ne kawai yawanci yana zaune kafin tashi. Kajin ya yi alwashin sai ya bar gidan tun yana da kimanin kwanaki 68-73 bayan ya yi tsiya.
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