Mafi karami wakilin warewar sirens: tsayin jiki 2.5-4 m, nauyi ya kai kilogiram 600. Matsakaicin jikin da aka yi rikodin (namiji da aka kama a cikin Jar Teku) ya kasance 5.8 m. An bayyana ƙarancin jima'i: maza sun fi maza girma.

Headan ƙaramin kai na tafe ya wuce zuwa gaɓaɓuwa mai fasalin jiki, wanda ke ƙare da fin kicin da ke a kwance. Wutsiya ta banbanta da kamanni daga wutsiyar manatees kuma tayi kama da wutsiyar cetaceans: rabuwa biyu na rabuwa da wata daraja. Hannun yatsun ya zama ya zama kamar zai iya zama kamar fizge 35-45 cm. Tsayin kasusuwa na kasusuwa kawai a cikin tsokoki ya saura daga ƙananan hancin. Fatar ta yi tsauri, har zuwa 2-2.5 cm lokacin farin ciki, an rufe ta da gashi mai lafiyayye. Launin ya yi duhu tare da shekaru, ya zama mara-nauyi ko launin shuɗi, ciki ya fi sauƙi.

Shugaban yana ƙarami, zagaye, tare da ɗan gajeren wuya. Babu isasshen kayan abinci. Idanun suna kanana, kafaffun zurfi. San hanci ya zamar da ƙarfi sama da sauran sirens, sanye take da bawul waɗanda ke rufe ruwa. A mucks duba an yanke, ya ƙare tare da lebe mai laushi rataye a ƙasa. Lebe na sama yana ɗaukar tsayayyen tsauri kuma ana birgeshi a tsakiya (yana da ƙarfi a cikin matasa yara), tsarin sa yana taimaka wa dugong don ɗaukar algae. Parshen lebe da wani yanki mai nisa na palate an rufe shi da wuraren keratinized. Matasa na dugongs suna da kusan hakora 26: 2 incisors da 4-7 nau'i-nau'i na molars a kan babba da ƙananan muƙamuƙi A cikin manya, an riƙe sittin 5-6 na motsi. Bugu da kari, a cikin maza, manyan incisors sun zama tusar da ke fitarwa daga gumis ta hanyar 6-7 cm. A cikin mata, tsokar incisors na karami ne, wani lokacin basa shiga. A manyan motsi suna cikin silili ne, basu da enamel da asalinsu.

A cikin kwanyar digong, ƙasusuwan maxila suna haɓaka sosai. Kasusuwa na hanci Jawarƙashin bebe yana lanƙwasa ƙasa. Akwatin kwakwalwa karami ce. Kasusuwa na kasusuwa suna da kauri da ƙarfi.

Yaɗa

A da, kewayon yana da fadi sosai: digongs ya ratsa arewa zuwa Yammacin Turai [Ba a bayyana asalin 1055 ba]. A cewar wasu masu bincike, suka yi aiki a matsayin wani abin kwaikwaya don tatsuniyoyin almara [Ba a bayyana asalin 1055 ba]. Daga baya sun tsira ne kawai a cikin wurare masu zafi na Indiya da Kudancin Pasifik: daga Bahar Maliya a gabar gabashin Afirka, a cikin Tekun Pasha, a gefen arewa maso gabashin tekun Indiya, kusa da mashigar Malay, Arewacin Ostiraliya da New Guinea, da kuma wasu tsibiran tsibiran na Pacific. Matsakaicin tsayin dutsen zamani na zamani yakai nisan kilomita 140,000 daga gabar teku.

A halin yanzu, mafi yawan jama'a masu digongs (sama da mutane 10,000) suna zaune kusa da Babban Barrier Reef da a Torres Strait. Manyan mutane da ke bakin gabar tekun Kenya da Mozambique sun ragu sosai a shekarun 1970s. A gefen gabar teku na Tanzaniya, an lura da ƙarshen digo a cikin Janairu 22, 2003, bayan shekaru 70 da hiatus. Ana samun ƙaramin adadin digongs a Palau (Micronesia), a kusan. Okinawa (Japan) da Johor Strait tsakanin Malesiya da Singapore.

Rayuwa

Dugongs suna zaune cikin rairayin bakin teku masu ɗumi, rafin da babu laima. Wasu lokuta sukan tafi zuwa ga bude kogi, su je kusa da kewayen koguna. An ajiye su sama da zurfin da bai wuce 10-20 ba. Mafi yawan ayyukan ciyarwa ne, an danganta su da yanayin juji, kuma ba tare da sa'o'in hasken rana ba. Dugongs suna zuwa ciyar da ruwa mai zurfi, ga murjani mai ruɓi da shoals, zuwa zurfin 1-5 m. Tushen abincin su shine tsire-tsire masu ruwa daga dangin jinsuna da ruwan-ja, har ma da ruwan teku. Hakanan an samu ƙananan ɓarawon ciki a ciki. Lokacin ciyarwa, 98% na lokacin ana amfani da su a ƙarƙashin ruwa, inda suke "ciyawa" don 1-3, mafi girman mintuna 10-15, sannan tashi zuwa saman don wahayi. A ƙasa sau da yawa "yi tafiya" a kan ƙashin gaba. Kayan lambu yana tsagewa tare da taimakon tsotsan lebe na sama. Kafin ku ci wani shuka, digon digon yakan dafa shi a cikin ruwa, yana girgiza kai daga gefe zuwa gefe. Dugong yana cinye kilogiram 40 na ganyaye kowace rana.

An bar su shi kadai, amma a wuraren abinci suna tattarawa cikin rukuni-3-6. A zamanin da, an lura da garken dabbobin digo har ɗari da yawa. Yawancin rayuwa suna zaune, wasu alƙalumma suna yin motsi yau da kullun da na yanayi, gwargwadon sauye sauye a matakin ruwa, yawan zafin ruwa da wadatar abinci, da kuma matsanancin tashin hankali. Dangane da sababbin bayanai, tsawon lokacin ƙaura, idan ya cancanta, ya kai ɗari da dubunna kilomita (1). Saurin yin iyo na yau da kullun ya kai 10 km / h, amma digong mai tsoro yana iya kaiwa zuwa gudun kilomita 18 / h. Matasa 'yan digongs suna yin iyo musamman da taimakon ƙashin ƙyallen manya, manya na iyo tare da wutsiya.

Dugongs yawanci shiru. Murmushi kawai ya firgita, suka fito da kakkausar murya. Cubs suna yin kururuwa mai zubar da jini. Hangen hangen nesa a cikin digongs ba shi da talauci, ji yana da kyau. Tsananin ya fi muni da manatees yawa.

Kiwo

Kiwo yana ci gaba a duk shekara, ya bambanta a lokaci mafi girma a sassa daban-daban na kewayon. Maza Dugong suna yin faɗa domin mata ta amfani da haƙoransu. Cutar ciki yana yiwuwa shekara guda. Akwai 1 cub a cikin lilin, da wuya 2. Haihuwar yana faruwa ne a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, jariri yana nauyin kilogiram 20-35 tare da tsawon jikinsa na 1-1.2 m, yana da sauki. Yayin da ake amfani da ruwan, theaƙun sun manne wa mahaifiyar, madara tana tsotse ruwan a ƙasa. Youngaramin yaro ya tattara a cikin garken ruwa cikin ruwa mara rana. Maza basa cikin ɗaukar zuriya.

Ciyar da madara ya kai watanni 12-18, kodayake a farkon watanni 3 matasa digongs suka fara cin ciyawa. Balagagge yana faruwa a shekaru 9-10, mai yiwuwa daga baya. Manyan kifin kifayen da ke kama su kan kananan dugongs. Tsawon rayuwa ya kai shekaru 70.

Matsayin jama'a

Ana neman Dugongs don nama wanda yayi kama da naman maroƙi a cikin dandano, har da mai, fatalwa da ƙashi, waɗanda ake amfani da su don kayan ƙirar da aka yi da hauren giwa. A wasu al'adun Asiya, ana amfani da sassan jikin mutum na digongs a magani na gargajiya. Daga dabba mai nauyin 200-300 kg karɓi lita 24-56 na mai. Sakamakon abin da ya faru da lalacewar mazauninsa, digong ya zama mafi wuya ko ƙarewa game da yawancin kewayon sa. Don haka, bisa kididdigar da aka danganta da yawaitar kamun kifayen ta raga, yawanta a sashin da yafi wadata daga iyaka, a bakin tekun Queensland, ya ragu daga 72,000 zuwa shugabannin 4,220 daga shekarar 1962 zuwa 1999. (2)

A halin yanzu, haramun ne kamun kifin tare da narkoki kuma an kona su daga kwale-kwale. An hakar ma'adinai azaman sana'a ta al'ada ta mutanen asalin. An lissafta Dugong a cikin littafin Red na Unionungiyar forasashen Duniya don Kula da Halittu tare da matsayin “jinsunan masu saurin shiga” (M).