Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Platin |
Babban yankewa: | Entirƙira |
Subfamily: | Ciki squirrels |
Jinsi: | Masu hoto |
Gofer (lat.Spermophilus ko Citellus) - Halin halittar matsakaici-sized girman garken gidan squirrel (Sciuridae).
Bayanin
Tsayin tsawon 14-40 cm, wutsiya 4-25 cm (yawanci ƙasa da rabin tsawon jikin). Hagu na kafafu ya fi tsawo sama da na gaba. Kunnuwa na gajeru, dan kadan kadan. Launi na baya yana da bambancin launuka - daga kore zuwa shunayya. Sau da yawa akwai baƙin duhu a baya, ratsin duhu mai tsawo, kullun haske ko ƙananan sautsi. A tarnaƙi na jiki na iya wuce raunin haske. A ciki yawanci datti ne mai launin shuɗi ko fari. Ta hanyar hunturu, furcin gopher ya zama mai taushi da kauri, a lokacin bazara ya ragu, ya fi guntu da tsufa. Akwai pouches kunci. Nono daga 4 zuwa 6 nau'i [ Ba a ayyana asalin ranar 446 ba ] .
Rarraba
Go gogewa suna tartsatsi a cikin steppe, gandun daji-steppe, makiyaya-steppe da gandun daji-tundra shimfidar wurare masu tsauri na Arewacin Hemisphere. Halin nuna yanayin bude ƙasa. A cikin kwari na kwari kogin ya wuce Arctic Circle, kuma a cikin sassan matakai - a cikin jeji da hamada, a tsaunukan tsaunuka sukan hau zuwa tsaunuka zuwa tsaunin 3500 m sama da matakin teku. Hanyar rayuwa ƙasa ce, suna rayuwa a cikin yankuna, a cikin ramuka waɗanda suke haƙa kansu. Tsawon rami da tsarin sa ya dogara da nau'in gopher da takamaiman wuri mai faɗi. A kan kasa mai yashi, sune suka fi tsayi - har zuwa 15 m a tsayi kuma m 3 zurfi, a kan denser lãka kasa da wuya fiye da 5-7 a cikin wani rami a koyaushe akwai ɗakin ɗakin rufe da bushe ciyawa. Goyel an san shi da dabi'un su na tsayawa akan kafafunsu na haɗari da yin sautikan halayyar halayyar halayyar.
Mabudan filaye suna ciyar da saman ƙasa da sassan ɓangarorin tsire-tsire, koyaushe a kusa da burrows. Wasu nau'in suna cin abincin dabbobi, yawanci kwari. Muhimman kayan abinci ana yin su ne daga tsirrai na tsirrai da hatsi. Ana aiki da safe da maraice, a rana ana amfani da ranar cikin ɓoyewa. A lokacin sanyi, suna faɗuwa cikin rashin himma, tsawon lokaci da tsarin lokaci wanda ya dogara sosai da yanayin ƙasa. Tare da rashin hunturu na hunturu, da dama nau'in kuma suna da rashin hutawa lokacin rani hade da rashin abinci.
Gashin gonar tumbi yawanci yana farawa fewan kwanaki bayan farkawa daga yanayin bacci. Matar ta kawo 1 brood a shekara. Yawan sanda a ciki ya kai 2 zuwa 12. Yawancin ciki shine kimanin kwanaki 23 zuwa 28. [ Ba a ayyana asalin ranar 93 ba ]
Manyan nau'ikan tsiro na ƙasa suna da mahimmanci a cikin kasuwancin fur. Hakanan zasu iya zama abubuwa na farauta na musamman na wasanni - dumama.
Yawancin nau'ikan kwari masu hatsarin hatsi ne da kuma masu ɗaukar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na cututtukan da dama (annoba, tularemia, brucellosis). Burbushin gopher ya rage ya zama sananne daga Miocene.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Masu goge zaune gungun dabbobi, kananan masarauta na mutum ashirin ko sama da haka, wadannan galibi uwaye ne masu 'yanmata, wadanda suke shirye don su taimakawa juna. Go Gora suna rayuwa cikin ramuka na tsawon mil-mitsi waɗanda suke haƙa kansu, ƙofar shiga dukkan burrows suna kusanci da juna.
An yiwa burrows alama da ƙananan motsi. Irin waɗannan rafin suna iya wucewa har ma a ƙarƙashin koguna da tabkuna. A cikin mazaunin, an gina ɗakunan gida, an rufe shi da busassun ciyawa. A cikin irin wannan mazaunin, goctor yana bacci duk lokacin hunturu kuma mafi yawan bazara, yana kashe mai lokacin tarawa yayin farkawa a cikin mafarki.
A lokacin hunturu, yana cin tsaba da kuma hay da aka adana a cikin ramin. Dabbobi sun fi son su zauna a cikin fili a cikin ciyawa, ciyayi, a cikin Sini-hamada har ma da hamada. Wadannan sanduna yanki ne da ba sa son haɗin kai tare da kamfanoni, aƙalla mutane biyu a rami ɗaya.
Dabbobin sun zauna cikin matattaka masu zafi, dabba dole ne ta ɓoye a bayan wutsiyarsa, kamar laima, don gujewa zafi mai zafi. Da rana, lokacin da rana take zuwa farenninta, masharhanta sun shiga cikin huhun sanyi. Tun da squirrels daga squirrel iyali, suka hau bishiyoyi daidai.
Makiyayi - mazauninsu, salon rayuwa, abinci da kuma abubuwan ban sha'awa game da masu wasan golf (hotuna 90)
Go gogaggen dangi ne kuma ya fi girma dangi na squirrels. Asalinsu ya haɗa da nau'ikan dozin da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu suna zaune a Rasha. Sautin da dabbar ke yi yayin sadarwa, kuma ya ba shi suna - "susati" a fassara daga Old Slavonic yana nufin "hiss".
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Dabbobin dabbobi masu hoto mai wayo sosai. Suna da abokan gaba da yawa, kamar shaho, gaggafa, macizai, lynx, raccoon, tururuwa, coyotes, badgers, Wolves da dawakai. Dukkanin basu damu da cin gopher wanda ya ciyar ba.
Hakanan za'a iya farautar su saboda fatansu, waɗanda ake amfani da su don samfuran fure. Tare da duk wata tuhuma game da haɗari, makiyayin ya tsaya kan kafafunsa na baya yana dubanta. Dabbobin sun yi kuka cikin hatsari, suna toshe koken soki ko huɗa, suna faɗakar da dangi da roƙonsu don samun mafaka a cikin makoki.
Saurari gopher
Haka kuma, lokacin da mutum ya kusanci, maharbi ko tsuntsu yayi sauti da yawa daban, ba wanda ya kusan zuwa. Ofayan ɗayan fakitin yana kan aiki hoto na dabba gopher Kuna iya ganin yadda ya miƙe tsaye a ofishin.
Dabbobin suna da karancin ganinsu sakamakon yawan kasancewarsu a karkashin kasa, saboda haka sukan hau kan tsaunuka don ganin yadda gungun abokan gaba suke kaiwa. Lokaci zuwa lokaci, kuliyoyi na kogo suna taimaka musu, wanda suke zama cikin mawuyacin tarihin masana kimiyya.
Macizai zasu iya shiga cikin burrows kuma su ci zuriya. Don kare childrena childrenanta, mahaifiyar ta tsallake rami kuma tana ragargaza wutsiyarta mai ƙarfi, yana haifar da bayyanar cewa ta fi ainihin. Idan maciji da mai gorar suka shiga cikin fain, mahaifiyar ba ta ja da baya ko da cizon macizai masu dafi.
Masu goge-goge suna da maganin guba a kan cizon maciji, wanda ba ya haifar da mutuwa. Masu saurin tafiya ba sa barin kogon su fiye da nisan mil ɗari don samun lokacin buya.
Suna tafiya da kyau tare da hanyoyin biyu a gaba da baya, godiya ga wutsiyarsu mai hankali, wanda ke bincika ganuwar hanyoyin. Idan namiji ya ci riƙon kitse, to, ya shiga cikin ɓoyewar riga a farkon watan Yuni, sa’annan mata manya, kuma a cikin kwanakin farko na Yuli da farkon watan Agusta masu hibernates da matasa. Bayan ɓoye, gophers suna farkawa bayan da abincin farko ya bayyana, a ƙarshen ƙarshen Maris.
Kula!
Dabbobin suna zaune cikin gungun mutane 20 a cikin dogo mai zurfi na karkashin kasa, wanda su da kansu suke tono. Kowane mutum ya haƙa keɓaɓɓen ɗan rami, banda shi ne mahaifiyar tare da sanduna.
Tsawon ramuka ya dogara da ƙasa: a cikin yumbu baya wuce 8 m, a cikin yashi wani lokacin har ya kai m 16. Za ku iya fahimtar cewa gophers suna zaune a nan, yana yiwuwa a kan tsaunukan yashi a farfajiya.
Hanyoyin shiga zuwa ramuka suna nan nesa ba kusa da juna kuma mutane da yawa suna kiyaye shi. Idan kuma akwai haɗari, sai suka nuna alama ga brothersan uwan: sun hau kan kafafunsu kuma suna huru.
Dabbobin sun ɓoye a ƙasa, dabbobi a hankali suna da layi tare da ciyawa. A nan dole ne su jira cikin yanayin rashin lokacin sanyi.
Tsayayyar rayuwa da haifuwa
A cikin daji, rayuwar gopher shine shekaru 2-3, a matsayin dabbobin gida - yana ƙaruwa zuwa 8.
A cikin bazara bayan farkawa, lokacin mating yana farawa, zai kasance kusan mako guda da rabi. A watan Mayu, bayan haihuwar kwana 29, kurame da makafi suna haihuwa.
A tsakanin wata guda, ɗan go go matasa ya fara neman sabon gida. A cikin shekara daya zai isa ga balaga. Maza basa shiga cikin tarbiyya.
Abincin abinci
Gophers sun fi son abincin asalin shuka. Saboda abin da suke so, sun zama kwari ga mutane: suna ta washe dukiyar ƙasa.
Kusan kowa ya ci: furanni, tsaba, berries da kayan lambu - karas, radishes. Masu goge-goge ba za su ƙi namomin kaza ba, kwari, filaye filayen wasa da ƙananan tsuntsaye. Za su iya ciji koda.
Dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin tsaunuka, alal misali, a cikin bazara suna cin tushen dandelions, tulips, da manyan tsire-tsire. A lokacin rani, dandelions, bluegrass, geranium sun fada cikin abincin.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Asalin masu tafiye-tafiye sun kasance masu daci har da daɗewa. An daɗe da gano su a cikin iyalai daban-daban, nau'in halitta, har ma da umarni.
A halin yanzu, akwai kusan nau'ikan 38 kuma mafi yawan su kamar haka:
Kamar yadda ya juya, suna da magabata na yau da kullun waɗanda suka rayu kwanan nan. An bayyana wannan sakamakon godiya ne ga fursunonin Gulag wadanda suka sami dimbin masu zane a cikin ramin Yakutia a zurfin sama da mita 12. Bayan binne daya daga cikin kwayoyin kuma yayi nazarin hanyar halittar kwayar halittar, an gano cewa wannan jinsin Indigir yana da shekaru 30,000.
A lokacin Oligocene, an yi wani sabon zagaye na juyin halitta, sakamakon abin da sabbin dangi suka bayyana, musamman murabba'i, wanda tsararrakin nau'in tsiro na ƙasa, nau'in halittar Indigir, nasa ne. Sai dai itace cewa go gogoliya kusancin dangi ne na marmots, karami ne kuma mai rauni. Kazalika squirrels, squirrels masu tashi da karnuka makiyaya.
Iyalin squirrel, bi da bi, suna da ma'adinin tsohuwar tsarin rodents. Wasu masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa sun samo asali ne shekaru miliyan 60-70 da suka shude, yayin da wasu ke da tabbacin cewa ci gaba ce ta ma'ana ta ci gaban zamanin Cretaceous. Amma, a kowane yanayi, ana iya jayayya cewa suna ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin dabbobi da suka rayu har wa yau.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Go goro wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyi ne, saboda tsayin jikin mutum ya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 38 cm, kuma wutsiya mai tsayi daga cm biyar zuwa ashirin da uku. Suna da ƙananan kunnuwa da ke rufe ƙasa. Bambancin launi na baya sun fito daga kore zuwa shunayya. Dark streaks ko ripples a baya. Abun ciki mai haske ne ko launin rawaya. Ta hanyar hunturu, Jawo ya yi kauri kuma ya fi tsayi, saboda sanyi na gabatowa.
Malaman Turai sun fi karanci daidai da ka'idodin. Jikin yana da tsawo daga santimita 16 zuwa 22, wutsiyar gajarta ce: cm 5-7 kawai ne kawai .. A baya ana fentin launin toka-launin ruwan hoda da fari. Yankunan suna rawaya tare da launin toka mai haske. Idanun suna zagaye da launuka masu haske, da tummy tare da inuwa mai launin shuɗi.
Baffa ɗan Amurkan ya fi maƙwabcinsa na Turai girma. Mazaunan Chukotka 25-32 cm tsayi, Ba'amurke daga 30 zuwa 40 cm. auna nauyin 710-790. Girman maza kusan ba shi da bambanci da na mata, amma sun fi nauyi. Suna da wutsiya mai kyau da wutsiya mai tsayi tsawon cm 13. A baya na launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa-baki ne mai launuka masu haske, kai kuma launin ruwan kasa. A cikin hunturu, Jawo ya zama mara nauyi, kuma samari matasa suka fito da launin shuɗi.
Babban gopher yana da girma da yawa kuma a girman na biyu kawai zuwa rawaya. Suna da tsawon jiki na 25-33 cm da wutsiya na 7 cm cm Weight ya kai kilo daya da rabi. A baya kullun duhu ne, mafi yawan lokuta launin ruwan kasa, ya bambanta da bangarorin ja. A baya yana sanye da fararen farin, kuma ciki yayi launin toka ko launin rawaya. Manyan malamai sunada korominom guda 36 a cikin karyotype, sabanin dangi, watakila wannan shine dalilin da yasa suka fara girma lokacin hunturu a watan Yuli.
Goaramin ɗan golf shine 18-25 cm a girma, kuma nauyin ba ya kai ko da rabin kilo. Wutsiya har ƙasa da cm huɗu .. Thean arewa suna da launin launin toka-mai launin toshiya na baya, a kudu kuma ta juye da launin toka-toka. Gaba ɗaya, akwai ƙananan hukumomi 9 waɗanda suka bambanta da bayyanar kuma mafi yawa sun zama ƙarami a cikin kudu maso gabas.
Gopher dutsen yana ɗaukar kama da ƙaramin ɗan gopher, kafin ma mutane ƙalilan ne suka bambanta su. Girman jikin mutum bai kai 25 cm ba, wutsiya kuma ya kai cm 4. Gefen baya yana da launin toka-mai launin shuɗi. Akwai aibobi duhu a baya. Yankunan da ciki sun fi sauƙi baya, tare da saka launin shuɗi. Matasa mutane sun fi duhu kuma suna da manyan aibobi fiye da manya.
Ina gopher ke zaune?
Bafaranshen Turai ya juya ya zama babban ƙaƙƙarfan mazaunin gandun daji, kamar marten, kodayake a halin yanzu yana da wuya. Tana mamaye yankin gabashin tsakiyar cibiyar da gabashin Turai. Mafi sau da yawa a cikin Jamus, a Poland a kan Silesian Upland. Hakanan yana daidaita a Ostria, Czech Republic, Moldova. Hakanan kamar yammacin Turkiyya da Slovakia. A kudu maso yammacin Ukraine, ana samun sa ne kawai a cikin yankunan Transcarpathia, Vinnitsa da Chernivtsi.
Baffa ɗan Amurka yana zaune ba kawai akan yankin Arewacin Amurka ba, har ma a gabashin Rasha. A arewa maso gabas na Siberiya, tana zaune a Chukotka, Kamchatka da tsaunukan Kolyma. Yawan mutanen Yang da Indigir sun bambanta da sauran. A kan Arewacin Amurka, akwai mutane da yawa a Alaska da Kanada. Babban gopher ya mamaye guraren tsaunuka da filayen Kazakhstan da Russia. Mahalli yana farawa daga Kogin Volga a yamma kuma ya ƙare a tsakiyar Ishim da Tobol a gabas. A kudu, iyakar ta wuce tsakanin kogin Bolshoi da Maly Uzen, kuma a arewa, tare da kwanakun dama, Agidel.
Ana rarraba mafi yawan tsaunin dutse kusa da kogin Kuban da Terek, kazalika da yankin Elbrus. Suna hawa tsayi: 1250 - 3250 m sama da matakin teku. Yankin sake gina shi kadada dubu ɗari uku ne, wanda yake da yawa kuma yana nuna adadi mai kyau. Suna zaune gwargwadon iyawa: inda aka samo ciyawar da zaku ci.
Me masana ke ci?
A da, ana ganin masanin Turawa na ƙasan cin ganyayyaki ne na musamman, saboda babban abincin da ya kunshi tsire-tsire ne. Daga baya ya juya ga cewa suna ciyar da abinci iri-iri na asalin dabbobi. Sakamakon farkawa, sun sake dawo da kansu tare da kwararan fitila na tsire-tsire, to, sai su canza zuwa tsaba. A lokacin rani, galibi ku ci 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganyayyaki. Ka iya mallakar komai a filayen.
Ana samun abinci kaɗan a wuraren da tudu keɓaɓen ƙasar Amurka, saboda haka suna shirye su ci komai a hanyar su. Kafin rashin farashi, ana ciyar dasu da rhizomes da kwararan fitila na tsire-tsire, suna ƙara berries da namomin kaza wanda zasu iya haɗuwa. Sakamakon yanayin sanyi, ya zama dole a ci caterpillars, gwoza ƙasa, busassun ciyayi, wasu lokuta kaya. Yin hanyarsa zuwa ƙauyuka yana samo abinci a cikin kwandon shara, wani lokacin akwai lokuta na cin naman mutane. Rayuwar yarinyar baƙar fata ta Amurka tana da haɗari: zaka iya fama da matsananciyar yunwa ko dangi sun ci ka.
Manyan malamai sun yi rayuwa cikin yanayi mai kyau kuma suna ciyar da hatsi da ganyayyaki. A cikin bazara suna son samun kwararan fitila da tushen tsire-tsire, suna juyawa zuwa furanni da ganye. Kusa da faduwa, abinci iri-iri suna ƙara hatsin rai, alkama, gero da hatsi. Don lokacin hunturu, ba abinci bane. Go ananan goitors suna ciyar da tushen, ganye da furanni na ganye. Wasu lokuta basa ƙin abincin dabbobi. Abinci na gina jiki yana da arziki sosai ta cin tsire-tsire da mutane suka girma. Digs fitar da ko da acorns da tsaba na Maple, Hazel. Daga 'ya'yan itace kamar apricot.
Manyan manyan masana hafsoshi suna da mafi girman kewayon abinci, Amurkawa na zahiri su tsira, kuma masu hawan dutse ba sa tunanin cewa yau suna jiran karin kumallo, abincin rana da abincin dare. Musamman a cikin tsaunuka da gaske ba ku kewaya ba. Kusan dukkan sassan sassan tsire-tsire suna ci, wani lokacin ana lalata abincin dabba, amma da wuya.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Bafarancin Turai yana ƙaunar filayen da ke cikin gandun daji da ƙaƙƙarfan daji, yana tsayawa kan ƙasashe inda makiyaya ke kiwo, kuma waɗanda ba su dace da shuka hatsi ba. Ba ya son wuraren laima, bishiyoyi da shukoki. Suna zaune a cikin yankuna 7-10 mutane. Burrows na dindindin ne kuma na ɗan lokaci, suna da yawa. Sun haɗa da kyamarori masu ɗimbin yawa.
Yan mulkin mallaka na Amurkawa sun kai mutum 50! Mutane daban-daban dabarun kai 6 ha. A kan yashi mai yashi, burrows ya kai 15 m da m 3. Inda yanayin permafrost ba shi da zurfi fiye da cm 70. A lokacin hurawar hunturu, suna rufe burrabansu da ƙasa. A cikin ƙauyuka suna zaune a cikin kafuwar gidaje da katako. Aiki daga awa 5 zuwa 20 a rana.
Babban gopher yana zaune a cikin yankuna masu yawa, yana da ramuka na sirri na 8-10, ƙasar da aka rarraba a ko'ina cikin yankin da ke kusa. Harkokin hunturu na hunturu har zuwa watanni 9, maza sun fara zuwa, sannan mata. Wanda yake da kusan wata daya, an haifi jarirai 3 zuwa 15. Wata daya daga baya, suna shirye don rayuwa mai cin gashin kanta, a cikin shekaru biyu zasu iya kawo sabon zuriya.
Phersan ƙaramin zane-zane suna cikin farawar har zuwa watanni 9 kuma sun farka bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke.A lokacin bazara mai zafi, sakamakon abin da tsire-tsire ke mutuwa, dabbobin sun zama bushewa, suna iya faɗuwa cikin rashin lokacin bazara, wanda zai iya juyawa cikin yanayin hunturu. Da wuya rayuwa ta zarce shekaru 3.
Masu hawa dutsen suna yin wahala ainun wajen saka farashi, tsawon sa yana dogara da tsayin da suke zaune. Lokacin aiki shine watanni shida. Hakanan ya dogara da matsayin mai. Saboda haka, maimakon tsoffin mutane za su iya hibernate a baya, kuma matasa dabbobi suna buƙatar cin kashe don tsira daga hunturu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Maza daga cikin filayen turai bayan farkawa sun fara jiran mace, daga baya tsere ya fara. Mafi yawan lokuta maza kanyi fada ga mace. Cutar ciki na kasa da wata daya, kuma jarirai suna fitowa a ƙarshen Afrilu. A cikin duka, ana iya haife su daga 3 zuwa 9. Suna auna kimanin 5 g tare da tsawon cm 4 Bayan mako guda, idanu buɗe, kuma bayan 2 gashi ya girma. A tsakiyar watan Yuni, mata sun tona ramuka waɗanda yaransu ke zaune.
Har ila yau, mawakan Amurka suna fara haihuwa sau ɗaya a shekara. Mace sun farka a cikin watan Afrilu-Mayu, bayan haka an fara wasannin matsi, wanda galibi yakan faru ne a cikin kabari. Cutar ciki ta yi guntu fiye da na masu sihiri na Turai, kuma ana haihuwar samarin goyo daga baya saboda yanayin sanyi, amma a adadi mafi yawa: daga 5 zuwa 10, wani lokacin kuma 13-14.
Manyan pherapheran mazan suna jiran mata kuma bayan sun farka sun fara magance matsalolin al adun yawan jama'a. Karatu shine cewa mace ba ta tono ramuka daban ba, amma tana sake gina mazaunan. Irin wannan rami yana da ɗakunan gidaje da yawa daga rabin mita zuwa zurfin biyu. Daga kananan yara 3 zuwa 16 ana iya haihuwar su! Zaman ciki na iya wucewa tsawon kwana 20 ko wata daya.
Goan karamar gopher na haihuwar bayan kwanaki 20-25 daga 5 zuwa 10, yayin da ke da haihuwa zuwa 15. A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, ɓangaren tayin ya dakatar da ci gaba kuma ya ci gaba. Makonni 3 zasu iya yin awo har zuwa 25 g, a rufe shi da furcin duhu kuma barin ramin. Yayinda 'ya'yansu suka saba da yanayin - mahaifiyar ta haƙa ramuka, sannan kuma ta bar tsintsiyar.
Masu hawa dutsen suna da hanyoyin kiwo daban-daban, saboda ya dogara da girman mazaunin su da kuma lokacin farkawa. Haihuwa tana faruwa ne tsakanin ranakun 20-22, tare da ƙaramin adadin masu hoto waɗanda aka haife su: daga biyu zuwa huɗu. An haife su makaho, kurame kuma marasa furfi. Tsawon wata daya, mace tana kula da su, sannan kuma daga baya suka fita zuwa farin farin kuma su zauna a cikin wasu burusai a wani yanki da aka sani.
Halittar Gopher Maƙiyi
Baffa kwanan nan ya sami babban ragi a cikin yawan jama'arta saboda abokan gaba da ke kewaye da shi kuma kusan ba shi da tasiri ga tsarin halittu na cikin gida. Asali, dabbobi masu shayarwa sun buge shi. Waɗannan waɗannan tsuntsaye ne: gaggafa-kwari da wata, a cikin mafarautan ƙasar yana da daraja a haskaka matakan tashi.
Masanan Amurkawa suna da mummunan yanayi. Ga dukkan matsaloli da rashin masifa, masu ƙaddara suna ƙara a cikin nau'in skuas, kyarkeci, bears grizzly da owl polar, waɗanda ba su yaba da haɗuwar waɗannan ɓarna a cikin ci gaban tundra ba. Babban gopher kuma an fallasa shi ga yanayi iri iri. Yana iya daskarar da ƙasa, ja a bazara, ko cutar da mutum. Dangane da filayen turai, matattarar mutane babbar haɗari ce ga manya, waɗanda ke cin su duk shekara, har a lokacin hutu.
Hakanan, Korsaks da dawakai ba su raina abin da aka sauƙaƙa ba, kuma waɗanda ke ƙarami suna cinye weasels da ermines. Daga sama zan iya kai hari da gaggafa, da filaye, da makoki, da a baki, a arewa kuma muji muji. Goan wasan dabarun farauta waɗanda ke zama a wannan yankin suna farautar ƙananan phersan hoto. Burrows na iya yaɗa dawakai, corsacs da ferrets. Hadari daga sama yana wakiltar kwari da gaggafa. Smallananan ko masu balaga suna fuskantar mahaɗa, marowaci ko kuma magpies.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Turawan Turai sun zauna a sassan da ke keɓantaccen yanki. An haɗa shi a cikin Littafin Lissafi na ƙasashe na Gabashin Turai, kuma a cikin ƙasashe maƙwabta tana ƙarƙashin kariya ta hankali. A cikin karni na karshe, an sami gwagwarmaya ta gaske tare da su, farauta da lalata. Sun tilasta wa magabatan su kashe dabbobin gari, su yi amfani da alkama mai guba, sannan su tilasta wa yaran makaranta suyi “kwari”.
Duk da mawuyacin halin rayuwa, rashin abinci da kuma masu cin zali, masu binciken Amurka suna jin daɗin rayuwa da wadatar arziki. A lokaci guda, suna da amfani mai amfani ga yanayin. Dabbobi da yawa suna rayuwa cikin burushinsu, kuma idan sun yi haƙa, suna ɗaukar tsaba zuwa ƙasa. Saboda kyawawan kayan al'adu na babban murabba'in ƙasa, ba ya cikin jinsin masu haɗari. Amma a wasu wuraren an rage shi sosai saboda yawaitar gonar budurwa da lalata kai tsaye. Misali, a cikin Kazakhstan ana daukar shi kwaro ne. Haka ma, wannan shi ne causative wakili na annoba da sauran cututtuka mara dadi.
Goaramin ɗan golf hakika kwaro ne, yana cin tsire-tsire da aka shuka a lambuna da filayen mutane, tare da lalata tsire-tsire mafi dacewa a cikin wuraren kiwo. A lokaci guda, tana fama da annoba da wasu cututtuka da dama. Amma saboda haɓaka haɓaka da abinci iri-iri, baya cikin jinsin da suke kariya. Makiyacin ɗan adam yana haifar da ƙarancin fargaba game da rayuwa. Kuma ba abin mamaki ba, saboda yana zaune inda wasu ba su zauna ba, yakan ci wani abu da maƙwabta ba su da sha'awa a kansu, alhali ba su dame kowa ba, sabanin ƙananan masu haɓaka.
Duk nau'ikan goyel suna da kamanni, sabili da sun:
- Ku ci irin waɗannan abincin
- Ka jagoranci rayuwar daban
- Suna da wadancan masu farautar
- Suna kama kusan iri ɗaya.
Wasu daga cikinsu suna cutar da mutane, wasu kawai suna amfana da yanayin. Wani ya kusan zuwa ƙarshen ƙarewa, yana rayuwa cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki, yayin da wani yana raye kuma yana lafiya, yana cikin mawuyacin hali. A masu hoto da yawa daban-daban abubuwa, amma mafi a gama.
Gopher abinci
Dabbobin dabbobi masu hoto tsire-tsire suna cin tsire-tsire, ganye, furanni, tsaba, berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa, irin su karas, radishes, da sauran kayan lambu masu ruwa. -Awan masu motsi ba su ƙin yarda da tsutsotsi, larvae, kwari, waɗanda ke cika abincinsu da furotin.
Aikin rayuwar gopher yana da tsayayye, abinci sau biyu a rana: safiyar asuba da kuma abincin dare da yamma. Gophers suna ci, da sauri suna mamaye kumatun su, kuma suna cin abinci a mafakarsu.
A cheeks bauta musu kamar pouches, tare da taimakon abin da suke canja wurin hannun jari zuwa ga burrows. Ga mutane, waɗannan ƙwayoyin wuta na iya zama mummunan masifa, kamar yadda suke lalata amfanin gona koyaushe.
A saboda wannan dalili, manoma a wuraren da berayen suke zaune, suna harbi ko suna lalata waɗannan dabbobi. Akwai ma sabis ɗin da ke magance lalata waɗannan kwari.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Maza sun ninka biyu kamar na mace. Nan da nan bayan rashin farashi, dabarar ƙasa a shirye suke don haifuwa, zasu iya fara haihuwa sau da yawa a cikin shekara. Waɗannan dabbobin suna farawa da wuri don yin jima'i, a wata shida suna shirye don daskarewa.
Tsarin hadi abu ne irin na da. Matar na ɗaukar motsi har tsawon makonni huɗu, ɗaliban cikin arean sunnan biyu ne zuwa takwas. Mataki na dabba an haife shi kurma, makaho da tsirara. Lokacin da ya cika mako guda, matasa sun girma gashin kansa na furry, jerin biyu suka buɗe idanunsu.
Watan farko, jarirai sun dogara da madarar uwarsu da kulawa. Crumbs suna fitowa daga ramin bayan wata daya ko biyu. A lokacin da ya kai watanni biyu, kananan dabbobi ba su rigaya suka samar da maganin shaye-shayen macizai ba, don haka suna da matukar rauni. Uwa mai kulawa ta tono sabon rami don yara dabbobin kuma jan su su zauna daban.
Gophers rayuwa daga shekara daya zuwa uku, wasu nau'ikan goyel a yanayi suna rayuwa har zuwa shekara takwas. Kayan gidan aljihun gida zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru biyar. Yawancin jinsunan basu damu da lalata ba.
Masu halayyar goitors a yanayi
Ba kamar squirrels ba, mazaunan gandun daji mai cike da duhu, ƙarami, nimble, mai kama da launi zuwa ƙasa mai ƙonawa, dabbobin ƙasa sune kamar misalin hanyar buɗewa ga hasken rana. Hakanan ana samun su a cikin ciyawar ciyawa, a cikin tsaunukan marasa itace, tare da gefen filayen. Sun fi son wuraren bude da bushe tare da ciyawa, inda ya fi sauƙi ga dabbobi masu hankali su lura da haɗarin cikin lokaci. Guji gandun daji, wuraren da aka rufe da ciyayi ko ciyawa, har ma da ciyayi. Don gidajensu suna ƙoƙarin zaɓar manyan wurare.
Gopher an san shi don al'ada ta tsayuwa a cikin akwati; wannan shine aikin bincike na musamman. Hoto ɗan goge ne wanda yake kula da kewayen.
Masu gogewa suna jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma, a mafi ƙarancin haɗari, suna ɓoye cikin ɓoyewa, waɗanda, kamar masu motsawa na halitta, suna tono kansu. Wani lokaci zurfin ramin zai iya kaiwa mita uku, kuma tsawon sa ya kai mita 15! Sau da yawa akwai rassa da yawa a cikin burrows. A ƙarshen gidansu, dabbobin suna shirya wa kansu wurin hutawa daga ganye da bushe ciyawa.
Dabbobi suna zaune shi kaɗai ko a cikin yankuna. Kowane dattijo yana da rami daban da nasa ƙananan yankin.
A cikin ramin, makiyayin ya kwana kuma ya huta don ƙarin sa'o'i da yawa a cikin rana. Da safe, dabbar tana barin rami ne kawai lokacin da raɓa ta ƙafe. Tare da faɗuwar rana rana tana faɗi cikin rami domin dare.
Nora ta kasance a matsayin gopher da kuma mafaka daga abokan gaba, wanda sandar ya yawaita a cikin: shaho, gaggafa, macizai, lynxes, rakoons, coyotes, Wolves, foxes, badgers. Koyaya, wurare masu yawa na cikin ƙasa, taka tsantsan na ɗabi'a da kuma lalata, galibi suna ba ka damar barin masu bin ka da hanci. Amma popecat da bandage suna wakiltar babban haɗari ga dabba, wanda, godiya ga tsohuwar jikinsu da kunkuntar, na iya yin hanyar su kai tsaye cikin rami na rodent.
Kowane gopher ya san ramin sa da kyau, amma wani lokacin, yana tserewa daga abokan gaba, ƙwanƙwasa yakan yi sauri ya ɓoye a cikin rami baƙon. A wannan yanayin, maigidan yana da kishin gidansa: da farko ya hanzarta baƙon da ba a ba shi amsa ba tare da gabansa a fuska, kamar dai yana maƙaƙa a fuska, sannan ya fara zamewa baƙon don haka ya sa ya yi ritaya. Koyaya, irin waɗannan tarurruka ba su da yawa.
Kamar mutane da yawa rodents iri daya a cikin bayyanar da hanyar rayuwa, rodents, a cikin abin da mafi shahararrun su ne marmots - mafi girma da kuma mafi m mazaunan da steppes, da hamsters - karami da haske launuka na rodents na yanayin Yanayin, go goya ciyar hunturu a cikin wani yanayi na dogon bacci ba tare da abinci da motsi, Yana kashe mai tun daga lokacin faduwar. A cikin ɓoye farashi, duk tafiyar matakai na rayuwa suna yin kasa da hankali: zuciya tana bugawa da sannu a hankali, numfashi ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma zafin jiki yana raguwa. Sai kawai da isowar zafi a bazara kawai gopher ya tashi zaune ya ci abinci.
An yi imanin cewa barcin go gorar lokacin hutu shine mafi ƙarfi. Har ma za a iya dabbar dabbar daga rami, a rage kamar yadda kuke so, kuma bai farka ba. A lokaci guda, masana kimiyyar Amurka sun gano cewa dabbar tana farkawa tare da raguwar yawan zafin jiki a cikin (zuwa -26 ° C).
Wasu nau'in kuma na iya yin hibernate a lokacin rani. Wannan na iya yiwuwa ne sabili da yanayin rashin ruwa a lokacin bazara, wanda ya haifar da tsananin rashin ciyawar ciyawar, kuma a sakamakon hakan, dabbobin basu isasshen isasshen abinci.
A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, gopher da wuya yayi rayuwa sama da shekaru uku zuwa hudu.
Sadarwa
Kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka gano, a tsakanin dabbobi, masu tafiye tafiye suna da harshe na sadarwa mafi wahala. Baya ga raɗa da raɗa, dabbobi suna sadarwa da junan su ta hanyar alamun ultrasonic. Wani lokacin sukanyi kuwwa da ƙarfi, wani lokacin kuma sai suyi kuwwa su yi haushi. Amma motsa jiki karamin bangare ne na siginar da mutum ko kowane dabba zai iya ji. Yawancin siginar tana tafiya a lokutan ultrasonic.
Tun da 'hirar su' da tazara iri daban-daban, rudani da kuruciya, dabbobin zasu iya kwatanta daidai maƙar magana game da mai farauta, yanayinsa, girmanta da kuma tsarinsa, sannan su faɗi yadda hatsarin yake.
Me ƙasa take ci?
Yawancin abincin squirrels shine yawancin tsire-tsire, duk da haka, a cikin yanayin ƙarancin lokaci, suna ciyar da kwari, mafi yawan ciyayi, har da kwari iri-iri, kwari, katako. Wani lokacin gophers kai hari har ma da mice filin da kananan tsuntsaye. Abincin shuka iri-iri na dabbobi ya ƙunshi mafi yawan matasa harbe, mai tushe da ganye, gami da tsaba. Tsarin nau'in tsire-tsire da dabbobi ke ci sun bambanta: knotweed, yarrow, Clover zaki, matsi mai tsami, hatsi iri-iri, da sauransu. Ganyayyaki yawanci suna ciyar da abinci a cikin yanki ɗaya, wanda suke nuna alamar himma.
Jinsunan Gopher
An san nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan rodents 38, waɗanda aka rarrabe su azamansu. Kawai 9 daga cikinsu suna zaune a cikin CIS: ƙarami, rawaya, mai walƙiya, Caucasian, ja mai hankali, Daurian, Beringian, babba, mai ɗaukar hoto. Mafi yawan binciken sun hada da nau'ikan masu zuwa:
- Turai Dabba mai matsakaici tare da ɗan gajeren wutsiya da jiki har zuwa tsayi cm 25. A bayansa akwai gashin ulu mai launin shuɗi tare da ɗigon haske, ana iya ganin zobban haske a kusa da idanun. Rarraba a cikin Turkiyya, ana kiyaye su, kamar yadda ake yi musu barazanar rushewa.
- Ba’amurke Babban gopher, wanda nauyinsa zai iya kaiwa gram 800, kuma tsayin jikinsa - 39 cm. Wutsiyarsa tana da laushi, kusan cm 12. A baya baya mai launin shuɗi, yana da manyan launuka masu haske. A cikin hunturu, fatar jiki tayi haske. Yana zaune akan yankin Arewacin Amurka da Eurasia. Suna zaune a cikin iyalai. Dabbobin za su iya kaiwa mutane 50.
- Babban daya. Jikin yana da tsawon cm 31, wutsiya ita ce cm 9. Gefen da kafafu sun yi ja, baya yana launin ruwan kasa, kai ya yi launin toka. Ya zauna a cikin gadaje da kwari-gandun daji, a gefunan gandun daji. Kasa gujewa Clay, saboda yana da wahala a tono ramuka a cikinsu.
- Onearami. Jikin ba ya wuce cm 22. Gaban baya yana da haske, galibi yana da furuci. An kasa nuna iyaka akan wutsiya. Tana zaune a yankin Lake Balkhash (Gabashin Kazakhstan) da zuwa Dnieper. A lokacin fari da zafi, yana iya sanya hibernate.
- Mountainous. A waje, ya yi kama da ƙaramar ma'adinan ƙasa kuma tana da tsawon tsawon nauyin 20-23 cm na baya yana da duhu, tare da adadin haske mara nauyi. Abun ciki da tarnaƙi suna launin toka. Yana zaune a cikin ƙananan kwari ciyayi na Caucasus.
- Red-cheeked. Jikin rodent ya kai tsawon 25 cm daga wasu nau'in, alamomi masu kama da gwanayen an rarrabe su daga gare ta. Suna da launi na ocher kuma suna a cikin yanki na tatsuniyoyi masu tasowa da kuma cheeks. An rarraba shi a Siberiya, Mongolia, Caucasus, Kazakhstan. Goctor mai cike da rudani-ya zauna a cikin dajin-steppe. Burrows burrows da wuya.
- Rawaya. Babban wakilin irinta. Jikin ya kai tsawon cm 38-40, wutsiya 11 cm .. Hoton yana fentin kyakkyawan launi mai rawaya, amma akwai ɗan adadin gashi mai duhu. Abunda yake haske. Fur a cikin hunturu ya bambanta sosai da lokacin bazara: ya fi girma, rashin aminci. Yana zaune a yankuna tare da shimfidar wuri mai ban sha'awa - a ƙafafun ƙafa, kwari kwari, loess da yashi. Ba ya shan ruwa, yana wadatuwa da ruwan da ke ƙunshe cikin abinci.
Yawancin nau'ikan filaye na ƙasa ana jera su a cikin Littafin Ruhi na Federationungiyar Rashanci da Littattafai Red yankin. Yataccen magana, ƙarami, rawaya, mai ja-hankali, jinsin Daurian suna gab da hallakarwa. Dalilin shine yawan zubar da jijiyoyin mutane sakamakon lalata kayan amfanin gona.
Habitat
Inda gopher ke zaune, atlas na musamman zai fada. Dabbobi sun mamaye yankin Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. Zasu iya rayuwa sama da Yankin Arctic da kuma cikin tsaunuka., amma mafi yawan lokuta zauna a cikin yankin steppes, daji-steppes, tundra da kuma daji-tundra, suna zaɓar wuraren budewa. An adana dabbobi a cikin ƙananan yankuna (30-35 a raga kowace), waɗanda sune ɓangare na ɗimbin jama'a. A lokaci guda suna girke girke-girke da taskoki har tsawon mita 15. Zurfin hanyoyin karkashin kasa, a cewar masu binciken, ya kai 1.5 m.
Masu iya magana suna aiki yayin rana. A cikin yankunan, suna zaune daban, mutane 1−2 a cikin rami. Juyawa zuwa kowane mink suna kusa, kuma dabbobi, idan ya cancanta, taimaka wa juna. Tsawon rayuwar dabbobi har zuwa shekaru 3. A cikin yanayi masu dacewa, an kara wannan lokacin zuwa shekaru 5. Matsakaicin lokacin da aka yi rikodin shine shekaru 8.
Ana lura da rashin nutsuwa ba kawai a cikin hunturu ba, har ma a lokacin rani, a lokacin fari a cikin rashin abinci. Tsawon lokacinta ya dogara da yankin zama da yanki mai hawa. A cikin yankuna na arewacin, dabin ƙasa na iya faɗuwa cikin barcin hunturu na watanni da yawa. A yankuna na kudanci, barcinsu yayi gajere.
Rawaya ƙasa (sandstone) (Spermophilus fulvus Lichtenstein)
Yellow ƙasa squirrel yafi zaune a hamada da Semi-hamada, Amma, shi ma yakan faru ne a cikin busassun steppes na Lower Volga.Daga cikin 'yan uwansa, ya fice, da farko, da girman da ke gab da girman kananan halittun marmots (tsayin jikinsa zai iya kaiwa cm 38), kuma a bayyanar shi ma yayi kama da marmots. Ya bambanta da babban gopher tare da launin ja mai launi na launin yashi-rawaya masu launin alamun launin duhu.
Gopher yellow shine mafi kunyatar daukacin halittar Spermophilus. Kafin ya fita daga ramin, ya tallata kansa zuwa matakin ido, kuma ya kasance a wannan matsayin na dan wani lokaci, yana nazarin yankin. Yayin da yake ciyarwa, koyaushe yana duban kewayensa. A cikin ciyawa mai tsayi, ya ci shafi, amma idan ciyayi ya yi ƙasa, yana ciyar da zaune ko ma kwance, yana manne a ƙasa tare da jikinsa. Wataƙila dalilin irin wannan faɗakarwa shi ne salon rayuwa wanda ake tilasta wa dabbar daci da amincin ta. Kowane ɗayan ya mallaki ƙarami (har zuwa 0.1 ha), wanda ke da himma don kare dangin mamayewa. Idan barazanar ba ta shafi baƙon ba, ana amfani da hakora.
Harkokin rashin zaman lafiya a cikin wannan nau'in shine ɗayan mafi tsayi a tsakanin duk tsaran ƙasa - watanni 8-9.
Cin halaye
Tushen abincin abinci na wakilan kowane nau'i shine abincin shuka. Koyaya, menu ya bambanta dangane da yankin zama. A cikin tsauni, dabbobi suna ciyar da ciyawar shekara da ciyawa iri, ciyayi. A cikin bazara, tubers na tulips da Tien Shan albasa, Tushen dandelion, highlander, kore harbe na tsire-tsire suna neman abinci. A lokacin bazara, ƙwayoyin dabbobi suna ciyar da tsaba na bluegrass, geranium, dutse, ostracis.
Tushen abincin abinci na squirrels na ƙasa mai laushi - tulip, tsintsiya, albasa daban-daban, na bakin ciki. A cikin neman abinci, ba sa neman ƙaura daga ƙaƙƙarfan ido. Misali, idan akwai wani daji kusa da kyawawan blackberry, gophers ba zasu nemi komai ba. Mafi wadatar abincin dabbobi, yadda yanayinsu yake da walwalarsu.
Dabbobi ba za su musun kansu da daɗin ci berries, namomin kaza, matasa rassan Willow, yernik. Voles, kananan tsuntsaye da kwari suma suna zuwa abinci. Masu hoto ba sa watsi da ɗaukar kaya, amma, an gano cewa idan akwai isasshen abincin, mata masu juna biyu ne kawai ke cin gawawwakin dabbobi.
Dabbobin suna da abinci biyu a rana. Abincin farko yana faruwa da asuba, na biyu - a ƙarshen dare. Suna cin abinci da sauri, suna lulluɓe kumatu. Kafin tauna, sanya abinci a cikin recesses a cikin bakin, wanda ke aiki azaman jaka na asali. Dabba tare da cikakken cheeks na iya zama da kyan gani. Masu gogewa suna kawo ma man ƙwanƙwasa, ciyawar tsiro, hatsi na alkama da aka yi da kuma sanya hannun jari. Wani lokacin sukan sha ruwa. Musamman ƙwayoyin masu juna biyu da uwayen masu shayarwa suna buƙatar sa.
M, ko babban gopher (S. manyan Pallas)
Babban gopher ana samunsa a cikin cokali mai yatsa da kuma ciyawar-forbs na steppes daga tsakiyar Volga zuwa Irtysh. A cikin girman, gopher jan shine ta biyu kawai ga rawaya, tsawon jikinta zai iya kaiwa 33 cm, wutsiya - 6-10 cm.
Launin bango na dabba mai duhu, mai launin shuɗi-mai launin ruwan kasa, tare da fili mara kyau-tsatsa tabar, ciki mai launin shuɗi ne. Ofashin kai shine launin toka na azurfa, ya bambanta da launi na bangon gaban. A kan kunci da saman idanunsu daban launuka masu launin ja ko launin ruwan kasa sun fito waje.
Daga wasu nau'in, ja gopher ya fi wayar hannu: akan neman abinci daga ramin sa, wannan sandar na iya motsawa dari dari biyu, kuma idan ciyayi ta bushe, to tana motsawa zuwa wurare masu arziki don abinci.
Manyan manyan golf suna iya haye koguna
Siffofin Yaduwa
Masu tauhidi sun fara haihuwar bayan hunturu. Kowace shekara, mace tana barin zuriya ɗaya kawai. Maza basa shiga cikin tarbiyar jarirai. Zama yana ɗaukar kusan wata guda, bayan wannan ana haihuwar sa 5-7an 5-7 a watan Afrilu-Mayu. Mahaifiyar Maman ta kusan wata daya.
Yara sun buɗe idanunsu makonni 3 bayan haihuwa, kuma bayan makonni 4 suka bar rami kuma sun fara cin ciyawa. A cikin makonni 2 masu zuwa, har yanzu suna buƙatar madarar uwa. Sakamakon haka, mahaifiya ta bar ɗiya ɗaya da rabi. Sun zauna a cikin ramuka makwabta, sun fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Balaga ta jima'i a cikin kowane jinsi na faruwa ne a kan kari. Speciesananan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin dabbobi waɗanda ke zaune a kudu suna fara haihuwa bayan farawar farko. Mazaunan arewacin yankunan - a shekara ta biyu. Kimanin kashi 70% na masu fasaha suna mutuwa a farkon shekarar rayuwa. Sanadin mutuwa na iya zama mutane, abokan gaba daga duniyar dabba, matsanancin yanayin yanayi (ƙasa mai daskarewa, ƙarshen bazara).
Pherarancin Gopher (S. pygmaeus Pallas)
Pheraramin gopher yana zaune a cikin tsaunukan daga yankin Volga, Dnieper da tsaunukan Caucasus, har zuwa tekun Bahar, Azov da tekun Caspian. Wannan shi ne ɗayan mafi ƙarancin jinsin, tsawon jikinsa ba ya wuce 24 cm, wutsiya ba ta fi 4 cm ba.
Tasiri kan rayuwar mutum
Masu goyo sune jigilar annoba mai haɗari, tularemia da sauran cututtukan da ke haifar da lalacewa ko rashin mutuwa. Ah!babban abincin dabbobi - hatsi da 'ya'yan itatuwa na tsirrai, saboda wane gonaki ya zama wurin aikin hajji don neman kyawawan abubuwa. Wannan ya shafi yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma yana tsokani mutane su dauki matakan lalata ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi (kafa tarkuna, aiwatar da ramuka, barin ƙwararrun guba).
Wasu mutane suna da golf kamar dabbobi. Tare da horo na fasaha, sun sami damar aiwatar da dabaru iri-iri da masu mallakar daɗi. Ta yin amfani da misalinsu, masana kimiyya suna binciken abin mamaki kamar tashin hankali (dakatar da wani lokaci na lokaci mai mahimmanci a cikin jikin mutum a ƙarƙashin tasirin abubuwan waje). Hakanan ana ba da fa'ida ga mai gopher, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin cosmetology da magani a cikin maganin sanyi da raunuka.
Hakanan ɗabi'un ko salon rayuwar kopo sun dace da zama a gida. Rodents suna son sarari. Yana da wahala a gare su don samun amfani da su a cikin keji ko aviary. Ba za su zamo mai ƙazantu ba, kamar alade na Guinea ko chinchilla. Koyaya, wannan baya dakatar da magoya baya na masu ƙyalli da ke ƙoƙarin ɓoye su ta kowace hanya.
Lokacin ƙirƙirar gopher, ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa dabbobi ba su da dacewa ga rayuwa a cikin wani gida. Ba shi yiwuwa a haifar da yanayin kusa da na halitta. Additionari ga haka, ƙwayoyin wuta za su yiwa yankin alama, kuma ƙanshin sirrinsu yana da takamaiman tsari.
Kuna iya ƙoƙarin adana masu hoto a cikin bukukuwan buɗe ido a cikin wani gida mai zaman kansa, muddin suna iya biyan bukatun halitta na tono ramuka. Hakanan suna buƙatar motsawa da yawa - gudu, tsalle, tsalle. Girman murfin don shingen filayen yakamata ya zama aƙalla mita 1.5x1.5. A ciki, kuna buƙatar sanya na'urorin tsari - akwatuna, gidaje, gutsutsuren bututu.
Abincin dabbobi na gida zai iya bambanta. Yakamata a basu gaurayawan hatsi, abincin da aka shirya don rodents, zucchini sabo, tsaba sunflower, ayaba, apples, pears. Kar ku manta da abin da ƙasa take ci a cikin yanayi, kuma ku ba su ciyawar ciyawa - letas, alfalfa, Clover, plantain, Dandelion. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, kuna buƙatar abincin furotin - tsutsotsi na gari, ciyawar ciyawa, katako. Ciyar da dabbobi sau 2 a rana. Ya kamata matattarar ruwa ya kasance don sha.
A ranar hawan rashin kunya (a ƙarshen watan Agusta), dabbobin za su kawo bambaro, ganye, da hay. Rodents suna amfani da wannan kayan don shirya gado mai barci. A lokacin bacci na hunturu, ana kiyaye dabbobi a lokaci guda. Firam na yatsun yatsa ya fi dacewa a ci gaba da ɓoyewa. Ana farawa cikin rukuni ko a biyu. A cikin bauta, dabbobi suna rayuwa ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani.
Caucasian gopher (S. Tattaunawar murabus)
Kandasian (dutsen) dutsen ƙasa ana samunsa ne a yankin Elbrus, a cikin makiyayan makiyaya da makiyaya. Mazauna wannan sandar na iya zama tsawan 1000 zuwa 3200 m sama da matakin teku.
Ya yi kama da ƙaramin ɗan go go. Tsawon jikinsa ya kai cm 24, wutsiya - cm 4-54 Wannan nau'in ƙaunar zaman lafiya ce: ana nuna shi ta rashin wuraren rukunin abinci guda ɗaya. Dabbobin suna kiyaye burush na dindindin kawai, kuma kayan abinci ake rabawa.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
Ana nuna wakilai a cikin hotuna a cikin hotuna a cikin jaridu da littattafai masu launi. Koyaya, lura da su a cikin yanayi ya fi ban sha'awa. Wadannan dabbobi masu kwalliya suna mamakin halayensu da salon rayuwarsu. Nazarin rodents ya ba wa kwararrun damar bayyana irin waɗannan abubuwan ban sha'awa game da dabarun ƙasa a cikin matakin:
- Barcin bacci na hunturu yana da ƙarfi sosai. Za'a iya cire dabbar daga rami kuma tayi saurin yadda kake so, amma ba zai farka ba. A lokaci guda, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa digiri 26 a kasa da sifiri, masu binciken sun farka.
- Masu tafiya a cikin yanayi suna da abokan gaba da yawa. Ainihin, waɗannan sune mafarauta - dawakai, ermines, weasels, ferrets, kuliyoyi da karnuka. Farauta yakan faru ne a cikin lokutan dumi. Koyaya, ferrets suna da ikon haƙa ƙasa squirrels a burrows yayin haɗarin su. Daga cikin tsuntsaye masu haɗari - mujiyoyin gaggafa, storks, gulls, kites na baki.
- Lokacin da maciji ya shiga cikin tokar miyar, mace zata tsallaka zuwa ramin sai ta fara tsoratar da maharbi da wutsiyarsa. Ba za ta taɓa barin zuriyarta kuma ta tsare shi har ƙarshe ba, ko da bayan maciji ya cije shi.
- Tantancewar tsakanin dabbobi na faruwa ta amfani da duban dan tayi. Mutum yakan tsinkaye shi a matsayin ɓataccen zance.
- Masu ikon mallaka suna kiyaye duk yankin ƙasar. Idan akwai haɗari, suna yin sautin da zai yi kama da mai maye. Wannan alama ce da duk mambobin fakitin suka amsa.
Bayanin da aka bayar zai taimaka wajen tattara cikakke da gajeren sako game da gopher.
Launi
A baya ne daga kore zuwa shunayya, sau da yawa tare da duhu kusoshi, a tsaye duhu ratsi, haske streaks ko kananan specks. A bangarorin jiki akwai raunin haske. Cutar tummy na da datti ko kuma na farin ciki. A cikin hunturu, gashi ya zama mai kauri da kauri, a lokacin bazara ne mai tsalle, gajere kuma mara nauyi. Akwai pouches kunci.
California Gopher (Spermophilus beecheyi)
Tsawon jiki har zuwa cm 30. Taaura har zuwa 18 cm tsayi, lokacin farin ciki. Jawo akwai tabo. A baya da saman kai an hada su, na launin toka ne da launin ruwan kasa da launuka masu duhu. Itace mai haske. Jawo a idanu yana fari fari, kuma a kunnuwa baki ne.
Namijin ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Mexico da kuma yammacin Amurka.
Turai ko Yammacin Turai ko Grey Gopher (Spermophilus citellus)
Tsawon jiki daga 17 zuwa 23 cm, wutsiya 5-7 cm tsayi. A baya baya launin shuɗi ne mai launin shuɗi da launin shuɗi-fari. Gashi biyu suna da shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, launi ke damuna. A kewaye da idanu suna zoben haske. Tail tare da iyaka mai duhu a ƙarshen.
An samo shi a kudu maso gabas na Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, a Jamus, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, har zuwa ɓangaren Turai na Turkiya da Moldova, a Ukraine. Rarearancin halittar da ba kasafai ba, ana kiyaye shi a ƙasashe da dama na Turai.
Daurian, ko kuma ɗan goba ta Transbaikal (Spermophilus dauricus)
Speciesananan nau'in dogo mai tsayi tare da tsayin jiki daga 18 zuwa 23 cm, wutsiya 4-6.5 cm.Da baya yana da haske, launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da launin toka, ba tare da aibobi ba. Saman kai da tabo karkashin idanu duhu ne. Kwakwalwa fari, tummy mai launin rawaya, bangarorin sun yi launin shuɗi.
Tsarin halittar yana da matukar ban sha'awa ga yankin Transbaikal. Hakanan ana samun shi a gabashin Mongolia da arewa maso gabashin China.
Makiyayi mai ja-goro (Spermophilus erythrogenys)
An sanya sunan ga jinsin ne saboda nune-nune a kan cheeks-launin ruwan kasa ko launin ja. Tsawon jiki shine cm 24-28. Wutsiya takaice ce. Baya da kai daga brownish-ocher zuwa ocher-launin toka mai launi.
Aka rarraba shi a kudanci Yammacin Siberiya, Mongolia da China, suna zaune a cikin hamada mai ƙayatarwa da bushewar ciyawar ciyawar fuka-fuka.
Raunin ƙasa mai rawaya rawaya ko gopher sandstone (Spermophilus fulvus)
Ofaya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan da ke da tsawon jiki 23 zuwa 38 cm. Tsawon wutsiya shine cm 6-12. Yawan maza shine 700-900 g, mace 600-800 g, kafin farauta ta kai kilogiram 1.6. Ana kiranta go go yellow saboda tsinkaye, launin yashi-rawaya mai laushi na baya. Yankunan sunyi haske, ciki yana da launin shuɗi. Wutsiya yana da haske rawaya a waje kuma duhu a ciki.
Gidajen ya haɗa da ƙananan yankin Volga, Kazakhstan da mafi yawan ƙasashen tsakiyar Asiya ta tsakiya.
Babban squirrel babban ko mai launin ja (Spermophilus manyan)
Babban gani tare da tsayin jiki na 24 zuwa 33 cm, tsawon wutsiya 6-10 cm, nauyi kafin aski har zuwa kilogram 1.4. Baya baya duhu, ocher-brown a kala, bangarorin sunyi ja. A baya akwai fari mai kyau. Shugaban a saman shi ne launin toka na azurfa. A saman idanu da kumatunku masu launin shuɗi ne ko launin ruwan kasa. Cutar tummy mai launin shuɗi.
Ana samun nau'ikan a cikin kwari mai tsayi da ƙafafun Rasha da arewacin Kazakhstan.
Mountain dutsen kocin Kaftinan gopher (Spermophilus musicus)
Tsawon Jikinsa ya kai cm 24, wutsiyarsa tsawon cm 5. Gefen baya yana da launin toka da launin toka ko mai ruwan toka, mai rauni. Yankuna da tummy suna da sauƙi fiye da baya, datti mai launin toka tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
An rarraba shi a yankin Elbrus, a cikin kwarin Kuban da Terek.
Ba'amurke, ko Beringian, ko gopher Amurka mai dogon tarihi (Spermophilus parryi)
Babban nau'in halitta tare da tsayin jiki na 25 cm zuwa 33. Weight shine 700-800 g .. Wutsiya tayi laushi kuma ta kai cm 13 a tsayi. Girma da nauyi ga nau'ikan sun girma daga kudu zuwa arewa. A baya launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi ne mai launi tare da tsarin haske launuka, shugaban yana da duhu, launin ruwan kasa-mai launin shuɗi. A tummy mai haske, fawn-m. Ruwan hunturu haske ne, mai launin toka.
Yana zaune a Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka.
Pherarancin Gopher (Spermophilus pygmaeus)
Viewaramin kallo. Tsawon jiki daga 19 zuwa 24 cm, nauyi kimanin 450 g. Komawa daga dunƙule mai toka zuwa launin toka-mai launin shuɗi, ƙyanƙyashe ko tare da kusoshinsa. Shugaban yana da rauni, duhu fiye da baya. Cutar tummy tana da launin toka, makogwaron ya yi rawa. Yankunan sun zama mara nauyi, launin toka tare da tintin rawaya.
Jinsunan suna zaune a cikin kwari da kuma kwari masu kwari da kuma jeji a Dnieper, Ciscaucasia, Lower Volga.
Relict, ko Tien Shan gopher (Spermophilus sake fasalin)
Tsayin jikin mutum shine 20-28 cm, wutsiya tana da tsawo, daga cm 5 zuwa 8. Daga waje, tana kama da launin toka da masu hoto na Daurian. A baya launin ocher-launin ruwan kasa ne mai launi, tare da alamun tsagewa. Matsakaici da tarnaƙi na launin ocher mai launi.
An samo shi a kan tsaunin tsaunin Tien Shan da Pamir-Alai, a tsauni daga 500-800 zuwa 3000-3300 m sama da matakin teku.
Cascading Mountain Gopher ko Cascading Gopher (Callospermophilus saturatus)
Tsawon jiki daga 29 zuwa 32 cm. nauyi yana cikin kewayon 200-350. An saka Jawo a cikin launin duhu mai launin toka-duhu. A bangarorin akwai fararen fararen fata da baƙi.
An samo shi a cikin tsaunin Cascade na British Columbia (Kanada) da kuma a cikin Washington (Amurka).
Kakkausan ƙasa (Spermophilus suslicus)
Tsawon jiki daga 17 zuwa 26 cm, gajeren wutsiya, 3-5.5 cm, nauyi zuwa 500 g. Maza sun fi girma fiye da mace. Shugaban yana da girma, idanu suna da girma. Kunnuwa sun rage. Almubazzaranci ne gajeru. Jawo gajere ne kuma mai lafiyayye, tsawon lokaci kawai akan wutsiya. A baya mai haske, mottled: fari ko rawaya aibobi sun watsu akan launin toka-launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa. Saman kai yana da launin launi kamar baya. Akwai zobe mai haske a idanu, launin ruwan kasa a idanu. Ukun da kai suna fari fari. Tummi daga haske launin toka zuwa ocher rawaya.
Yana zaune a cikin kwari da kwari-kwari a gabashin Turai, daga Danube da Prut har zuwa tsakiyar Volga.
Gopher ta dogon zamani, ko govers din Eversman (Spermophilus undulatus)
Babban gani tare da tsawon jiki na 20 zuwa 32 cm, yana auna 300-500 g. Girma da nauyi suna ƙaruwa gabas da arewa na kewayon. A baya launin ruwan kasa-buffy ne, bangarorin da kafadu suna ja. Harshen tummy yana da haske, mai launin shuɗi.
Gidajen sun hada da gabashin Tien Shan, Dzungarian Alatau, tsaunin Tarbagatai, Kudancin Siberiya, Transbaikalia, Mongolia, China.
Halayyar
Gophers suna jagoranci salon rayuwa. Yawancin lokaci suna zaune a cikin mazauna, a cikin minks, wanda suke haƙa kansu. Tsawon kwalliyar mink da tsarinta sun sha bamban a nau'ikan halittu masu shimfiɗa ƙasa kuma sun dogara da mazauninsu. A kan kasa mai yashi, burrows dogo ne, har zuwa 15 m, da kusan 3 m zurfi. A kan yumɓu mai yumɓu da yawa basa wuce mil 5. A cikin ramin akwai ɗakin hutawa, wanda aka goge golf tare da ciyawa mai bushe. Akwai al'adar masu murza-leda yayin hatsari don tashi a kafafunsu da ihu.
Matsakaicin girma yana aiki daga 9-10 zuwa 15-16 hours, manya sun bar ramuka sau biyu a rana: 1-2 awanni bayan fitowar alfijir, kuma daga awanni 14-15 kafin faduwar rana. Maza manya da mata marasa haihuwa suna sanya hibernate a farkon Yuli, mace bayan haihuwa - a farkon watan Agusta, ci gaban matasa ya kasance har zuwa farkon Satumba.
Mai magana da yawun ƙasa (S. suslicus guldenstaedt)
Tabararen ƙasa mai ɗaukar hoto yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙancin wakilan wannan asalin: tsayin jiki - 17-25 cm, wutsiya - 3-5 cm.Ya yaɗu cikin ganyayyaki da gandun daji na Gabashin Turai daga Danube zuwa Volga.Ungiyoyin da aka fi so sune wuraren ƙaunataccen budurwa, filin kiwo da makiyaya. Yana zaune a yankunan.
Kamar yawancin lokutan rana da ƙwanƙwarar jeji, maɓuɓɓugan ƙasa suna aiki a bushewar asubahi da maraice. Dabbobi ba sa son ƙasa mai laushi, saboda haka, a safiya suna barin ramuka kawai bayan raɓa ta bushe, kuma a cikin ruwan sama ba su bayyana kwata-kwata. Yana ciyarwa a cikin matsalar hibernation daga watanni 4 zuwa 8 a shekara, gwargwadon mazaunin da yanayin yanayi.
A yau, squirrel squirrel wata ƙasa dabba ce mai wuya da aka jera a cikin Littafin Red Bryansk da sauran yankuna. Da zarar waɗannan dabbobin suna da yawa, har ma sun yi gwagwarmaya tare da su, kamar yadda kwari ke noma. Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yankin yankuna masu dacewa ga mazaunin mazauni sun ragu sosai. A taswirar, mazaunin su daga ci gaba mai ɗaukar hoto ya juya zuwa tsibiran da ba a taɓa gani ba, kuma suna zama ƙarami.
Daurian Gopher (S. dauricus Brandt)
Daursky, ko kuma kamar yadda ake kiranta, Transbaikal gopher, yana zaune ne a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa ta Transbaikal Territory, har ma a gabashin Mongolia da Arewa maso gabashin China. Galibi ana samunsu a tsaunuka, wuraren kiwo, tare da hanyoyi, tare da hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa, har ma a cikin lambunan kayan lambu.
Jinsana ce mai kamanni: jikinta yana da tsawon 17.5-23 cm, dogon wutinta 4-6.5 cm.Dan baya na Transbaikal gopher yana da haske, yashi-mai launin toka mai haske, ƙoshin ruwan rawaya mai launin shuɗi, ɓangarorin suna da launin shuɗi.
Yawancin mulkin mallaka ba sa tsari, amma suna zaune shi kaɗai.
Makiyayi Mai Dorewa (S. undulatus Pallas)
Aka rarraba shi a gabashin Tien Shan, a Tsakiya da Mongolia ta yamma, a kudu na Siberiya ta tsakiya, Altai, a cikin tsaunukan Transbaikalia, a Tsakiya ta Yakutia. Yawancin ire-iren wannan nau'in sun bambanta, ana samun su cikin busassun kwari da kwari-daji, a cikin shimfidar wurare na hamada da tsaunuka.
Do goro mai dogon zango - wani nau'in manya da ya fi girma, tsayin jiki har zuwa cm 31. Halin da ya bambanta game da wannan nau'in shine mai laushi da dogon wutsiya (fiye da 16 cm).
Launi na baya yana daga ocher-brown zuwa launin toka-launin toka, akan tarnaƙi launin launi mai zafi yana ƙaruwa sosai, shugaban yana da duhu sosai. A baya, furfura masu launin toka ko mai kyau.
Wannan gopher hibernates daga baya fiye da sauran nau'in, wani lokacin bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta riga ta faɗi.
Bering Gopher (S. parryi Richardson)
Bering gopher (wanda kuma ake kira da Arctic, ɗan Amurka da baffa mai goge-goge) yana zaune a Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. A cikin kasarmu, ana samun ta a Chukotka, Kamchatka, da kuma Si-gabas ta Siberiya. Yakan zauna a shimfidar wurare - makiyaya da wuraren fararen hular, a kowane tsauni na agaji, galibi ana samun sa a gefen ƙauyukan ƙauyuka.
Wannan shine mafi girma daga jinsunan: tsawon jikin Chukchi samfuransa shine 25-32 cm, Amurkawa ma sun fi girma - tsayin jikinsu ya kai cm 40. Wutsiyar dabbobin suna da tsayi kuma mara kyau. A baya launin ruwan kasa-mai haske ne tare da tsararren tsari na manyan launuka masu haske, shugaban yana da launin ruwan kasa-mai kauri.
Matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin abincin abinci na wannan nau'in ana kunna shi ta hanyar abincin dabbobi (gwoza ƙasa, masara, da sauransu). Siffofin abinci saboda yanayin sanyi.
Gopher mai cike da rudani (S. erythrogenys Brandt)
Tana zaune a kudu na yankuna Ural da Yammacin Siberiya, kuma ana samun su a Mongolia.
Wannan ƙarancin matsakaici ne, tsawon jikinsa baya wuce cm 28. Wutsiya tayi gajarta fiye da na dangi - 4-6 cm .. Sunanta ne saboda halayen launin ruwan kasa ko launin ja a kan kumatun. A baya na dabba shi ne yashi-rawaya mai launin shuɗi-baki, ruwan ciki ya fi duhu, bangarorin suna da shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi. Akwai farin tabo a kan Chin. Tail ba tare da baki ba, duhu a ƙasa.
Wannan nau'in yana rayuwa a cikin mazauna, amma kowace dabba mai girma tana da rami daban da kuma yankinta.
Daga gwagwarmaya zuwa kariya
Go Gogiya rukuni ne na abin da mutum ya dade yana fafutuka cikin hanzari, kamar na kwari da albarkatu da jigilar kwayoyi masu haɗari. (Annoba, tularemia, da sauransu). Wadannan fasalolin ne, da kuma mazaunin nau'o'in halittu masu yawa a cikin shimfidar wurare, wanda ya kasance tushen rikici tare da mutane. Kare aikin gona da aikin likita sun yi mu'amala da ci gaba da magance lamuran da ke tattare da takaita yawan adadin masu garkuwar, tare da amfani da guba mai guba a kan wadannan kwayoyin.
Idan aka yi la’akari da yanayin halittar Spermophilus, wanda yawancin nau’ikansu suka zama abin shafe shekaru da yawa, mutum ba zai iya lura da rawar da ya taka a cikin al'umman duniya ba. Don haka, tsarin hadaddun ramuka na samar da yiwuwar wanzuwar tarin dumbin halittu. Misali, a cikin makabartar karamar gopher babu mai rayuwa ko sama da haka - nau'ikan dabbobi 12,000 na gungun na daban daban. Hakanan an sani cewa tare da ɓarnatar da filayen ƙasa, yawan magabatan ƙasa da tsuntsayen ganima suna raguwa sosai (hasken futari, ƙwanƙwarar ƙwallon ƙafa, saker, muguwar ƙaho, da sauransu).
Tare da lalata filayen ƙasa kai tsaye, akwai aiwatar da raguwa da canji daga mazauninsu na asali saboda yaduwa da haɓaka yankunan karkara da canjin yanayin.
Kwanan nan, batun kare adadin wakilai na wannan dangi ya kara girma. A yau, Red-cheeked, speckled, yellow, red and Daurian gophers suna cikin jerin littafin Red na kungiyar tarayyar Russia da / ko a cikin Litattafai na yankin.
Hasashen wannan batun shi ne cewa masana kula da yanayin sun bayar da matakan kiyaye lafiyar gopher, yayin da ayyukan kare lafiya da aikin gona ke ci gaba da rage yawan dabbobi don tabbatar da ci gaban cututtukan dabbobi da rage asarar amfanin gona.
Gopher a matsayin dabbobi
A gaskiya, masu zane-zane ba su dace sosai don kiyayewa a gida ba. Duk da cewa rayuwa a cikin yanayi na cike da hatsarori, ba makawa wannan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan dabba mai farin jini zai yi farin ciki da begen zama cikin wani keji ko ma firam ɗin iska. Gopher ba Guinea ce alade ba ko chinchilla, wanda ya dace da rayuwa daidai a cikin bauta kuma aka saba wa mutum, yanayin gopher shine sarari da 'yanci, amma ba zai zama jagora ba, alas ...
Amma har yanzu akwai irin waɗannan masu ƙaunar rashin ɗabi'a waɗanda suke ƙoƙarin ɓar da waɗannan halittun. Ya kamata a sani a nan cewa gidajen ba su dace da tsare masu zane ba - ba za su zauna a nan na dogon lokaci ba, tunda yana da wuya a samar musu yanayi mai karɓuwa a gare su. Kari akan haka, dabbobin za su yiwa yankin alama, da kamshin sirrinsu, don sanya shi a hankali, takamaiman bayani ne.
Ya halatta a ajiye masu hoto a cikin kofofin shiga cikin gida a farfajiyar wani gida mai zaman kansa, inda dabbobi zasu iya biyan bukatunsu - tono rami, gudu, tsalle da tsalle. Don ma'aunin filayen ƙasa biyu, ana buƙatar aviary aƙalla 150 × 150 cm. A cikin gidajen mazaunin gopher ana sanya akwatina, akwatunan filaye, don shinge dabbobi, rakodin - don niƙa masu yankan. A gaban Hauwa na rashin himma (a ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon Satumba), ana ba da rodents abu mai zurfi - bambaro, hay, ganyayyaki, don dabbobi su iya shirya wurin yin buɗa. Wadannan kayan guda guda sun rufe dukkan aviary. Tsawon lokacin ɓoyewa, ana kiyaye go go ɗaya bayan ɗaya.
Tushen abincin gopher shine hadawar hatsi, hatsi, alkama, sha'ir, ƙwayar sunflower, masara, abincin da aka shirya don ƙwaƙwalwa. Suna ba da kayan lambu - karas, beets, zucchini, cucumbers, da 'ya'yan itace - ayaba, pears, apples, har da kayan kore - salatin kai, alfalfa, ganyen dandelion, plantain, Clover, da dai sauransu. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, abincin ya bambanta da abincin furotin (tsutsotsi na gari, murhu, ciyawa). Abincin dabbobi sau 2 a rana.
Ba za ku iya ba da abincin gopher daga teburin mutum ba, har ma da kabeji, ƙyallen ƙwaya, itacen oak, rassan itacen oak. Yakamata a sami tsaftataccen ruwa a cikin mai sha.