Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) babban sandar Kudancin Amurka ne, shine kawai dangin.

'Yan asalin Turai na farko da suka ziyarci Kudancin Amurka sun kira capybara "capybaras" ko "Musicok aladu". Na farkon waɗannan sunaye an canza su zuwa sunan kimiyya na zamani na dangin Hydrochoeridae. Daidaitaccen magana, su ba aladu bane, kuma ba ruwa mai kyau bane, kuma mafi kusancin 'yan uwan ​​su Caviidae ne.

Menene capybara yayi kama? Bayani da hoton dabbar

A yau, capybara shine mafi girma a cikin dukkanin ƙwayoyin tsoffin ƙwayoyin tsoka: tsawon jikin mutum na iya kaiwa zuwa 140 cm, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 66.

Sauran wakilan ragowar capybara sun kasance sau da yawa sun fi girma girma da girma na zamani har suka kai girman da babu kamarsa!

The capybara yana da jiki mai siffar ganga mai girma, babba mai kaifin baki, kusan murabba'in murabba'i. Babu wutsiya, kuma ƙafafun gaba suna da gajeru fiye da na baya kafafu. Eyesanan ƙananan idanu, gajeru, da kunnuwa masu zagaye, ƙoshin yatsu masu yaduwa suna kan saman kai: lokacin da dabbar ke iyo, sai su fito daga ruwa. Farfin yatsun sanduna waɗanda ke da ƙananan membranes sun haɗa su ya zama masu iyo masu ban sha'awa, suna iya zama a cikin ruwa har zuwa minti 5.

A cikin capybara a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, namiji yana da sauƙin ganewa ga ƙwanƙwirin hanzarin da yake a gaban ƙwanƙwasa - glandon da yake da ruwa, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙanshin dabba na mutum.

Skinaƙƙarfan fata na dabbobi manya an rufe shi da gashi mai tsayi-kamar gashi, launinsa wanda ya bambanta launin ruwan kasa zuwa ruwan hoda. A cikin matasa mutane, Jawo yayi gajarta da kauri, launin ruwan kasa mai launi.

Nau'i biyu na manyan incisors, na hali don rodents, ƙyale dabbobi su tsunkule da ɗan gajeren ciyawa, kuma suna nika shi da buccal hakora.

Siffofin Karfi

Capybaras dabbobi ne masu tsire-tsire. Suna ciyar da akasari akan ciyawa kan girma a cikin ko kusa da ruwa. Ko da ɗan gajeren ciyawa, wanda aka bari a ƙarshen lokacin bazara, ana cinye shi.

Kamar yadda ka sani, ciyawa ta ƙunshi fure mai yawa, wanda ba za'a iya sarrafa shi ta enzymes na dabbobi masu shayarwa ba. Saboda haka, akan aiwatar da juyin halitta na capybaras, an haɓaka ɗakuna na musamman wanda ke ba da abinci ga abinci. Hurewa yana faruwa a cikin ciyawa, wanda ake kira appendix a cikin mutane. Koyaya, tunda yake iskar dake tsakanin ƙananan hanji da manyan hanji, dabbobin zasu iya sha duk kayayyakin aikin da ƙwayoyin symbiont ke yi. Don magance wannan matsalar, suna yin amfani da ƙwayar cuta (cin abinci) don su sami damar amfana daga aikin suturar su. Sabili da haka, kowace safiya capybaras sake amfani da abin da suka narke cikin daren jiya ko dare.

Haraji

Sunan Rasha - Capybara, ko capybara
Sunan Latin - Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
Sunan Turanci - Capybara
Class - Dabbobin ruwa (Mammalia)
Kamewa - Rodents (Rodentia)
Iyali - sikirin ruwa (Hydrochoeridae)

Capybara dabba ce mai matukar bambanci, ita kaɗai ce jinsi a cikin tsararraki har ma a cikin dangi.

Duba kuma mutum

Haɓaka ɗan ƙasa don bukatun noma, wanda yawanci yakan haifar da lalata dabbobin daji, ya amfana da ƙarancin filaye. Ana gina wuraren saukar da ruwa don samar da sabon wurin kiwo da kuma shuka tsiron noma - wannan yana samar da filayen abinci da ruwa a lokacin fari.
A halin yanzu, an toshe filayen a gonaki na musamman a Venezuela don samun fata da nama. Ana amfani da kitsen su a cikin magunguna.
Capybaras ruwan tafki ne na Ruwan Zazzaɓi. Kwayar cutar tana daukar kwayar cutar ga mutane ta hanyar ticks lokacin da filatocin suka shiga wuraren kiwo a wuraren da ake da jama'a.

Haɗin kusa da waɗannan dabbobin da ruwa a lokaci guda ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa cocin Katolika ya zaɓi capybaras kamar kifi! Sakamakon wannan abin da ya faru, an bar naman capybara ya ci yayin azumi.

Kwanan nan, capybaras sun zama "dabbobin gida" sau da yawa. Suna da son juna, masu sauƙin hora har ma da horarwa. Suna so su sa kawunansu a cinyar maigidan ko “tambaya” don bugun zuciya. Amma domin ta ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin gida, tana ɗaukar sarari da yawa inda za ta iya yin iyo da kuma iyo, a cikin gida mai gari tana cike da jama'a.

Bayyanar

A waje, capybara yayi kama da alade Guinea, babba ne babba. Tsawon jikin waɗannan dabbobin shine 1 - 1.35 m, tsayi a ƙ isƙasassun shine 40-60 cm, kuma nauyin 34 - 65 kg. Jiki yana da nauyi. Babban shugaban yana karewa da wulakantaccen wulakanci, tare da tsinke-kamar hancin hancin da ke rufe lokacin ruwa. Idanun suna kanana, an mayar da su baya. Kunnuwa karami ne, zagaye. Babban wurin kunnuwa da idanu suna ba ka damar kiyaye su sama da ruwa lokacin iyo. Bangaren yana da gajeru, tare da yatsu 4 akan goshin, yatsunsu 3 akan kafafun hular, yatsun suna da alaƙar yin iyo suna ƙare tare da gajeren lokaci amma mai ƙarfi. An rufe jikin ta da tsayi, mai tsayi da gashi mai kauri, ba tare da yin zane ba. Launin launi ne na monophonic, a saman ɓangaren jiki kuma daga ƙasa.

Ga yadda Gerald Darrell ya bayyana kwatancen capybara: “Wannan babbar ƙwaryar dabba ce mai kitse tare da jikin mutum mai ruɓi, an rufe ta da fatarar launin fat mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Kafafuwan gaban capybara sun fi gaban kafafun hular hular girma, babban jujin bashi da wutsiya, saboda haka koyaushe yana kama da zai zauna. Tana da manyan paws tare da yatsun webbed wide, kuma dan yatsan hannunta, gajere kuma mai kauri, sanannen abu ne sanannu kamar yadda yayyan katako. Tana da matukar kyau aristocratic: lebur dinta, falon kai da kaifin tunani, kusan murabba'i mai murabba'i yana da magana wanda zai ba ta kwatankwacin zaki mai rikitarwa. A doron kasa, da dammar ke motsawa tare da halayyar shuffling gait ko gallops a cikin wata hanya, yayin da yake cikin ruwa yana iyo yana nutsuwa cikin nutsuwa da nutsuwa mai ban mamaki.

Capybara 'yar cin ganyayyaki ce, mai kyan gani, kuma ba ta da cikakkiyar halaye ta dangin wasu daga cikin danginta, amma wannan aibi ya cika ta ta hanyar nutsuwa da kuma abokantaka. "

Rayuwar iyali

Capybara suna zaune cikin rukuni na dabbobi 10-15 a matsakaita. Inda akwai wadataccen abinci, ƙungiyoyi na iya zama fiye da - mutane 30. Nauyoyi suna da wuya. Wasu samari maza suna zaune su kadai ko suna da alaƙa da wasu rukunoni da yawa.

A lokacin rani, kungiyoyi sukan taru kusa da tafkunan bushewa, suna yin gungu na wucin gadi na 100 ko sama da dabbobi. Lokacin da tsawon lokacin rigar da aka jira ya sake dawowa, manyan gungu sun fada cikin ƙananan iyalai da aka saba.

Typicalan gidan capybara na yau da kullun sun ƙunshi manyan maza (ana iya rarrabe shi ta manyan hancin hanci), mace ɗaya ko fiye da ɗaya, namiji ɗaya ko mafi galihu, da kuma ƙarami. A tsakanin maza, an kafa tsari, wanda ke da nasaba da ma'amala mai muni, amma galibi abubuwa ba sa wuce abin bi. Manyan maza na lokaci-lokaci suna aiko da ƙasa zuwa ƙarƙashin rukuni na rukuni, amma ba a taɓa yin faɗa ba. Mata suna da aminci ga juna. Kowane rukuni yana da yankin da yake dashi, wanda yake da himma wajen kare kansa daga ayyukan maƙwabta. Kowane iyali yana rufe matsakaicin nauyin 10-20 ha.

Ana iyakokin iyakokin shafin yanar gizon tare da gland. Kowane capybara yana da nau'ikan gurnani 2 iri. Ofayansu, cikakke a cikin maza, amma kusan ba a cikin mata, is located a ƙarshen mucks. Wannan mummunan gashi ne mai duhu mai duhu, yana fitar da tarin yalwa mai dumbin yawa. Dukansu benayen suna fitar da wari biyu da glandular sacs biyu a ɓangarorin anus.

Haɗin sunadarai na fitowar ya bambanta a cikin mutane daban-daban, wanda ke ba masu damar damar sanin junan su. Thearfin ƙamshi na hanci yana taka rawa sosai wajen yiwa matsayin zamantakewar jama'a ƙarfi, yayin da glandar ƙanƙara ta fi mahimmanci cikin sanin ƙungiyar dabba a cikin wata rukunin rukunin dabbobi, da kuma cikin yanayin ƙasa.

Maimaitawar Murya

Capybaras suna fitowa da siginar murya da yawa. Ga matasa dabbobi, mai amai da amai na hali ne, wanda ake amfani dashi don kula da saduwa da uwaye ko wasu membobin kungiyar. Manya ma suna yin irin wannan sautin a cikin manya waɗanda suka rasa rikici, wataƙila don faranta musu maƙiyi. Wani sautin, mai kama da ƙara mai fashewa, ana yi cikin haɗari, alal misali, lokacin da aka ga maharbi.

Capybaras da mutum

A Kolombiya, yawan adadin capybaras ya ragu sosai wanda tun a 1980 gwamnati ta hana farautar su.

A cikin Venezuela, ana buƙatar naman capybara tun a ƙalla karni na XYI, lokacin da dodanni na tawagar Roman Katolika suka ɗauke su tare da kunkuru na ruwa zuwa abincin da aka ƙaddara. Tsarin rayuwar ruwa na waɗannan dabbobin sun rikita ruhohi (sun yanke shawara cewa capybaras sun kasance daidai da kifi).

Sai kawai a cikin 1953, farauta don su ya zama batun tsarin aiki da sarrafa hukuma, amma ba tare da sakamako mai yawa ba. A shekara ta 1968, bayan shekara biyar na moratorium, an kirkiro wani tsari don nazarin ilmin halitta da kuma kiyaye dabbobi. Wannan ya haifar da daidaituwa ga yawan jama'a. Yanzu an jera capybara akan IUCN a matsayin nau'in da baya cikin haɗarin lalata.

Capybaras ana saukakke. Suna da ƙauna, sassauƙa, abokantaka. A cikin ƙauyuka da yawa na ativean asalin Amurkawa, suna rayuwa ne a matsayin dabbobi. Koyaya, a cikin ƙasar, riƙe irin wannan dabbar a gida matsala ce mai wahala. Gidan birni ba shakka bai dace da shi ba: yana buƙatar sarari, kuma mafi mahimmanci, kandami, kuma babban abu: ƙararren mai ƙarfi zai iya yin iyo da ruwa a kai a kai.

A dabi'ance, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa sama da shekara 6, a cikin bauta suna iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 12.