Wakilan halittar Bufo (iyali Bufonidae) an rarraba su a kusan dukkanin nahiyoyi banda Antarctica. A cikin su akwai dwarfs girman girman santimita kawai da nauyin kilogram 2-3 da ƙattai na gaske masu nauyin kilo 2 ko fiye. Duk da bambance-bambance na waje da yanayin rayuwa daban-daban a cikin yanayi, yawancin toads saboda lamuransu suna da sauƙin ɗaurarru.
Halin halittar Bufo ya hada da nau'in bishiyoyi, amma tsakanin nau'ikan terrariums, nau'in nau'in ƙasa ne kawai. Tsananin manyan wuraren shakatawa suna da kyawawa don kiyaye waɗannan dabbobin, kodayake koda babban tawul, kamar aha, na iya gamsuwa da ƙarfin 40-lita. Dakin cike da nutsuwa shine madaidaicin akwatin lita 200, an rufe shi a saman tare da murfin raga don samun iska. Zai iya kwantar da hankali ga dabbobin-matsakaici na 8-10 ko manyan mutane-3-4.
Yatsun da yawa ana binne su a cikin ƙasa sabili da haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a zaɓi abubuwan da ya ƙunsa daidai. Abin dogaro ne a yi amfani da cakuda ƙasa na takarda, peat, sphagnum mai ƙasƙantawa da mai noma (yumɓu da aka kaɗa, gawayi, da sauransu) a cikin rabo na 3: 1: 1: 1. Irin wannan ƙasa ba ta lalata fatawar dabbobi kuma ba ta daɗewa na dogon lokaci. Wasu tsire-tsire na ornamental za a iya shuka a ciki. Lokacin shirya terrarium, yana da mahimmanci don samar da mafaka da yawa, in ba haka ba babban tawul zai tono kewaye da komai ba bugu da ƙari a kan bulldozer.
A cikin ingantaccen shirya terraruim tare da yalwa ciyar, da yatsan hali nuna hali sosai phlegmatically. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya yin kyawawan wuri mai faɗi na tsire-tsire iri iri, bushewar itace, haushi itace, ganshin daji. Daga tsire-tsire yana da kyau zaɓi waɗanda ke da isasshen mai tushe da ganyaye, alal misali, nau'ikan philodendrons, dodanni da ficuses.
Yatsun suna kasawa zuwa yanayin tsarewa: zazzabi na iya zuwa 12 zuwa 28 o C, gumi - daga kashi 40 zuwa 95. Har ila yau, walƙiya ba ta taka rawar gani ba: duk da cewa yatsan kan haifar da rayuwa mai haske, amma da sauri ana samun haske da haske. Tabbas, yakamata ƙasa ta kasance da laushi koyaushe.
Ciyar da tsoffin yan yara amintaccen abu ne mai sauqi, suna cinye kusan duk abinci mai rai na masu girma dabam - daga magudanar jini zuwa kananan mice. Toan uwan samari sun fi buƙata akan abincin. Ya kamata a ciyar da su gwargwadon iko, tare da ƙarin ƙari na bitamin da shirye-shiryen ma'adinai (bitamin B 1, B 6, B 12, alli glycerophosphate, phytin), in ba haka ba yiwuwar ƙwararrun masu tasowa ba a cire su. Kada ku bayar da kwari tare da rikice-rikice masu wuya waɗanda zasu iya lalata hanji na amphibians.
A cikin farfajiyar magoya bayanmu akwai nau'o'in toads na halittar Bufo, da ke zaune a Rasha da kasashe makwabta, kan yankin tsohon USSR.
Green toad (B. viridis) dabba ce mai matsakaici (har zuwa 12 cm), ta yaɗu a cikin yankin Turai na ƙasar. Daga cikin yatsun cikin gida - wadanda suka fi “jure wa fari fari", suna zaune ne a yankuna da kuma hamada, tare da kogin kogi da sauran jikin ruwa.
Toad launin toka (B. bufo) babban dabba ce har tsayin cm 20. Yawancin lokuta ana samun ta a cikin gidajen shakatawa na mai son. Ya yi kama da na toad ta gabas (B. gargarizans). Akwai lokuta lokacin da toads toads suka rayu a zaman fursuna har zuwa 20 har ma har zuwa shekaru 28.
Tabar takalmi (B. calamita) yana da ɗan ƙarami (har zuwa 8 cm). Yana da ban sha'awa ga yadda take motsawa: koda tare da tsoro, da wuya ta yi tsalle, ta fi son ta gudu da babban saiti, da sauri ta juya kan paws din ta. Wannan nau'in halittar da ba a sani ba yana buƙatar kariya kuma an jera shi a cikin littafin Red a ƙasashe da yawa.
Toarfin tofa na Mongolian (B. raddey) ya fi girma da ciyawa. A waje, ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan fata mai laushi, "rana" da ƙima mai kaifi. A cikin farfaɗar ƙasa, ya fi buƙatu akan yanayin tsarewa fiye da sauran toads: baya jure zafin jiki (sama da 25 o C), ƙasa mai ban tsoro, roughage.
Danatina toad (B. danatensis) waje, kuma dangane da salon rayuwar yayi kama da na toad kore.
Ropwan tsirrai masu yawa ba su da yawa a cikin wuraren shakatawa na mai son.
Fata mai kulawa-baki mai launin fata (B. melanostictus) dabba ce wacce take da matsakaitan girma, kusan tsayin cm 10. A bayyanar da halayenta tana kama da goge launin toka, amma ba kamar ta ba, tana da launuka masu launuka daban-daban kuma basu da diapa hunturu.
Toad aga (B. marinus) dabba ce mai girma, wasu mutane sun kai tsawon 23-24 cm da nauyinsa ya fi kilogiram 2.
An yi imani da cewa tawul din suna ne - mafi yawan mummunar toad, kodayake ana iya yin wannan jayayya. An tabbatar da cewa wannan nau'in Australiya ne, amma a zahiri wurin haifuwa na aga shine Amurka. An kawo shi Australia don sarrafa kwari masu cutarwa. A cikin terrarium yana da sauƙi don ci gaba da aga. Wani lokacin tana zaune dama a ɗakin da aka ba ta damar tsalle a ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, yana da bu toatar a saka wasu wurare mara kyau, alal misali, a ƙarƙashin gado wani tire tare da ruwa ko rigar sphagnum.
Panther toad (B. regularis) yana ɗaya daga cikin speciesan nau'in Africanan Afirka da ake samu a cikin gidajen ƙasa. Abin takaici, yawanci yawancin cututtukan suna cutar dashi.
Yin saurin duk waɗannan toads yana da wuya. A cikin ƙasarmu, kawai 'yan lokuta na samun zuriya ana sani, kuma har ma ta yin amfani da hanyoyin ƙwarin wucin gadi (yafa, isasshen diapause, isasshen maganin haila). Idan abun da ke cikin yatsun toads, zaka iya samun ta hanyar tafki mafi ƙanƙanin girman har ma ba tare da shi kwata-kwata ba, to lokacin da ake tsabtacewa, yanki daga cikin tafki da girmanta yakamata ya zama mafi yawa.
Lokacin kiyaye yatsun kafa, dole ne a tuna cewa suna cikin dabbobi masu guba, kuma asirin fatarsu, samun kan mucous membrane (idanu, bakin) na iya haifar da haushi mai yawa, kuma a cikin adadi mai yawa har ma da gubar daban-daban A cikin ƙarshe, Ina so in tunatar da ku cewa toads kowane nau'i dabbobi masu amfani sosai waɗanda ke lalata ɗimbin kwari masu cutarwa.
Aga-zuwa (Bufo marinus)
Aga-toad (Bufo marinus), yadda duk manyan toads na cikin gidan suke Bufonudae, ya rayu a yankin daga yankuna kudu na Arewacin Amurka zuwa Patagonia, amma saboda ƙarancin damar da yake da shi a cikin yaƙar kwari masu cutarwa, an fitar dashi zuwa sauran sassan duniya. Yana da kusan 20 cm tsayi, launin ruwan kasa, sau da yawa tare da ɗigon duhu ko haske. Toad din yayi girma, kuma ana bukatar babbar farfajiya don ita, ba mai girma ba, tunda ba'a tsara ta ba saboda tsalle da hawa. Kasa ya kamata a rufe shi da cakuda babban peat abun ciki kuma ya kasance rigar koyaushe. A cikin irin wannan cakuda mai taushi, toads suna matukar son digging. Wajan terrarium ya zama yana da ƙaramin tafki, rassan da aka yanke, duwatsu ko manyan bishiyoyi waɗanda zasu zama mafaka ga dutsen. Amma ga tsire-tsire, wannan babbar matsala ce, kamar yadda toads su dabbobi ne masu ƙarfi sosai tare da ƙaƙƙarfan digging Reflex. Saboda haka, don terrarium, kuna buƙatar amfani da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi waɗanda suke da sauƙin canzawa. Aga-toads suna ƙaunar penumbra da yawan zafin jiki na iska, ruwa da ƙasa a 25 ° C, wanda za'a iya kiyaye shi da taimakon fitilar maki. Don kada terrarium yayi kama da bakin ciki, ana bada shawara don sanya fitila mai haske, wanda ya kamata a kashe da dare. Da rana, toads suna ɓoye a cikin mafakansu, saboda suna aiki ne kawai a yamma. Da yamma, suna zuwa rayuwa kuma suka fara neman abinci. Manyan kwari, tsutsotsi, har ma da sabon beraye za su yi musu. Idan toad a cikin farfajiyar yana jin kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali, to yana iya cin abinci daga hannun mai tsaronsa. Bayan sadarwa tare da rukunin ku, kuna buƙatar wanke hannuwanku don wanke kashe mai guba, wanda aka saki musamman daga glandon kunne.
Hoto: Toad - Bufo blombergi
Bukatun Terrarium
Jirgin kwandon mai 55 na 55 ya dace don kiyaye madaukai na Amurka. A cikin irin wannan terrarium sun ƙunshi ma'aurata manya. Ya kamata ya zama murfi mai ƙarfi, kamar yadda yatsun yatsun suka yi tsalle sosai.
Wadannan toads suna jagoranci rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, kuma suna barci cikin rana, suna ɓoye cikin ɓoye ko mafaka. Abin da ya sa keɓaɓɓen ya kamata ya zama ɗaya wanda tawul ɗin zai iya haƙa cikin sauƙi. Fiber na fata yana da kyau. Ba za ku iya amfani da substrate tare da vermiculite da ambaliya. Kuna iya amfani da zuriyar jan ganye ko sphagnum. Idan an kiyaye yatsun hannu na ɗan lokaci, to, zaku iya amfani da zaɓi mafi sauƙi - tawul ɗin takarda. Ba za a iya yin amfani da yashi da tsakuwa saboda dutsen na iya hadiye shi.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don gyaran waɗannan toads suna da yawa.
An yi shinge daga yanki na haushi, zaka iya amfani da kogon rafi, tukwane na fure, busasshen itace da makamantansu.
Zazzabi da zafi suna cikin farfajiya
Da rana, ana aiwatar da toads a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, inda zafin jiki ya ragu. A cikin terrarium, wajibi ne don kula da yawan zafin jiki na digiri 16 zuwa 21. A dare, zazzage da yawa saukar da digiri.
Dogon Amurka daga Kudancin kewayon ana kiyaye shi da zazzabi da yawa sama da yawa.
Amphibians suna zaune a yanayin ɗakin yanayi. Idan akwai akwati na ruwa a cikin farfajiyar da za'a iya nutsar da tawul ɗin, yana jure da bambance-bambance danshi. Sau da yawa ruwa ɓangare na substrate ko fesa terrarium.
Bayan dawowa daga filin daga izuwa 'yanci, toad ya yadu da ɗumbin ƙwayoyin cuta na cuta waɗanda ke da illa ga faren da ke kusa da su.
Yatsan Amurka suna buƙatar samun sauki cikin ruwa. Bai kamata kandami ya zarce yawan dutsen ba. Ana canza ruwan da ke cikin tafkin yau da kullun. Mafi sau da yawa, toads suna shiga cikin ruwa da dare. Lokacin amfani da ruwan famfo, ana amfani da kwandishan don kawar da sinadarin chlorine, ko kuma ruwan kwalba ana amfani dashi.
Ciyar da Toan Amurka
Wadannan toads ba sa bukatar abinci kawai. Suna cin abinci kusan dukkanin abubuwan da ke faruwa a bakinsu: crickets, tsutsotsi na gari, tsintsiya ƙwaya, ciyawar ciyawa da kuma ƙarancin zofobas.
Yawancin abincin ya kamata su zama crickets, sauran abincin da aka ba su fiye da sau ɗaya a mako.
Kamar sauran yatsun toads, wannan nau'in yana cin kwari da sauran hanyoyin karkarwa.
An bai wa tsofaffi abinci na yara 6 a kowane kwana 2-3. Areananan toads 2.5 santimita a cikin girman suna ciyar da kowace rana tare da Drosophila da ƙananan crickets.
Abincin ya kamata ya ƙunshi bitamin da kayan abinci na ma'adinai, waɗanda aka ƙara su cikin abinci a kowane abinci na 2-4. Ana ba da ƙananan ƙwayoyin dabbobi ga dabbobi sau da yawa.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.