- Girma 70-70 cm
- Weight kasa da kilogiram 70
- Tsawon 65-80 cm
- Weight kasa da kilogiram 50
- Ba tare da aji ba: har zuwa dala 200.
- PET aji: 200-300 daloli.
- Aji na BRID: dala 300-600.
- SHAGON aji: daga $ 700
Rarraba FCI | Rukuni na 2, Sashi na 2.2 - Kiwo Molossoid. |
Amfani | Aboki, rakiya, mai gadi da kare. |
Bayyanar | Akwai nau'i biyu na St. Bernards: gajere mai gashi da gajere. Dukansu suna da girma mai ban sha'awa da jiki mai ƙarfi. Shugaban girman girma, tare da nuna raɗaɗin fuska a fuskarsa. |
Babban rabbai | Matsakaicin girman tsintsa zuwa tsawon jikin shi shine 9:10. |
Temperament, hali | Kwantar da hankali, hankali, abokantaka. |
Shugaban |
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Gidaje |
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Liman |
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Motsawa | Wide santsi m. An nuna shi ta hanyar motsawa na ƙafa a cikin layi ɗaya. |
Wool |
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Launi | Bango fari tare da m launin ruwan kasa aibobi. Haske mai duhu a kan kai yana da kyawawa. An ba da izinin ɗan karamin tint a jikin, damisa. |
Girma | Height at the withers: |
- Maza - 70-90 cm.
- Bitches - 65-80 cm.
Asalin tarihi
Saint Bernard yana daya daga cikin sanannun karen kare da suka bautawa mutum tun ƙarni da yawa. Ba a adana bayanai na dogaro kan magabatan waɗannan manyan mutanen ba. Wasu majiyoyi sun ce su Roman Molosiyawa ne, yayin da wasu suke musun wannan yiwuwar. Ko ta yaya, sun kare a cikin St Bernard's tsari a kan hanyar wucewa ta haɗa Italiya da Switzerland.
Wannan ita ce hanya daya tilo ta tsaunin. Matafiya masu aminci da 'yan fashi sun yi amfani da shi. Hare-hare a waɗannan ranakun sun kasance akai-akai. Ba tare da karnuka a irin wannan yankin zai zama da wahala ba. A cikin 1707, bayanan farko sun bayyana game da karnuka masu taimakawa matafiya da kare ruhohi. A wannan lokacin, karnukan sun riga sun sami damar rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi kuma suna yin aikinsu daidai.
Sanatan farko na St. Bernards (Dole ne in faɗi, wannan sunan ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin 1880) sahabbai ne da masu kare ruhubanawa. Daga baya, masu mallakar sun lura da karfin da suke da shi na jin kusancin bala'in bala'in kuma suka sami mutum a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. An bayyana girman su kamar gigantic. A cikin rayuwa ta zahiri, sun kasance ƙananan dangi na zamani.
Sufaye suna daraja tsarkakan layin kuma basu ƙetare su da sauran kiwo ba. Sau ɗaya kawai sun kawo Newfoundlands zuwa mafaka. Don haka akwai St. Georgeards masu dogon gashi. Amma ba a daidaita su da yanayin tsauni ba na tsaunuka.
Kiwo ya ɗan sami ci gaba mai yawa. Yau an karbe shi ta duk manyan kungiyoyin kula da ilimin halittu a duniya. Kuma a cikin 1967, aka kafa Unionungiyar Duniya ta Saint Bernard Clubs (WUSB) a Lucerne na Switzerland. Dalilin kungiyar shine adana kiwo da kuma inganta fasahar kiwo.
Saint Bernard - a cikin sunansa akwai rabon tsarkaka
Bautar da mutane gata ne ga dukkan karnukan gida. St. Bernard ya tabbatar da kansa a cikin wannan filin musamman cancanci. Dukkanin an fara shi a karni na 11. A cikin Alps, a kan dutse na Mont Jou, wani m, wani tsohon mutum mai suna Bernard de Menton ya kirkiro mafaka ga matafiya. A cikin karni na XII, mafaka ta zama gidan sufi. Aka cancanci Monk Bernard, aka sanya wa gidan suna gidan Saint Bernard.
Tun daga lokacin Alexander Mai girma, an adana manyan karnuka a cikin Alps. Mazauna yankin sun daɗe suna mai da hankali ga iyawar su na hango ɓarnar da ke gabatowa da kuma neman mutanen da ke cike da dusar ƙanƙara. Karnuka sun fara bin sufaye da matafiya masu zuwa daga Italiya zuwa Switzerland da dawowa.
Ya zuwa karni na 17, an yi amfani da masu aikin ceto kamar karnuka. An fara aiwatar da aikin kiwo. A irin wannan suna da suna saint bernard. A ƙarni na goma sha tara, karnuka da yawa na samun ceto an dangata su ga karnuka.
Kiwo ya sami shahara. Masu shayarwa sun fara kula da tsarkin jinsunan. Bayyanar kare ya kusanci zamani. A cikin 1884, an ƙirƙiri littafin Switzerland na kiwo dabbobi SHSB. Karnukan farko da aka rubuta a littafin su ne St. Bernards.
Bayanin da fasali
Saint Bernard babban kare ne. Dabbobin da suka girma sun yi awo daga kilo 60 zuwa 100 ko fiye. Tsawonsa a ƙ theƙasashin maza bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da cm 70 ba.Domin mace mai girma, wannan santimita shine cm 65. Mafi girman tsayi a cikin ƙarancin maza shine 90 cm.Ko mafi girman tsayi daga mace a ƙasan: 80 cm. Matsayin da aka yarda na tsawo da nauyi zai iya wucewa. Ba a dauki waɗannan karkacewar lahani bane idan aka kiyaye gwargwado da yanayin dabi'un motsi.
Girman girma, nauyi, ba bayyanar wasan motsa jiki ba - wannan shine sakamakon zaɓi. Don tabbatar da wannan, kawai kalli yadda take saint bernard a cikin hotosanya a farkon karni na karshe.
Tsawon jiki yana nufin tsayin daka a ƙ theƙasassun, a ƙayyadaddun yanayin, kamar 10 zuwa 9. wita witansakan sun bushe sosai sama da layin gama gari na baya. Harshen gajere Baya da kirji suna da fadi, kirji yana convex.
Saint Bernard yana daya daga cikin shahararrun karen kare, wanda ke da aminci wa mutumin
A wuya mai ƙarfi akwai babba. Kwanyar tana da fadi. Sauko daga kan goshi zuwa gora. Hanci na baki ne. Idanun suna matsakaici. Tare da haɓaka ilimin lissafi mai fasaha da fasaha yana da hankali, mai bayyana ra'ayi, mai ba da kyauta.
Yankin saiti, kafafu mai ƙarfi. Haguran sun inganta, tsoka. Paws suna da yawa. Wutsiya tana da tsawo, tana da nauyi, tana da yawa a gindin. Gabaɗaya, ana iya bayanin kare a matsayin babban dabba, mai iko sosai, mai daraja.
Halin
St bernard kare mai natsuwa, abokantaka, ba m. Wakil ga iyali. Da farin ciki ya gamu da abokai har ma mutane kalilan da ya sani. Ba ya nuna motsin rai sosai da ƙarfi. Sauƙaƙe wutsiya mai sauƙi yana iya nuna alamar farin ciki.
Ana aiwatar da ayyukan tsaro ba tare da nuna ikon su ba. A yayin haɗarin yin barazana ga dangin, kare ya nuna kansa azaman mai kare kansa mai aiki.
Halin Saint Bernard cikakkiyar dacewa da manufarta: aboki, mai rakiya, mai kare lafiyar. Mafi kyawun halayen halayen ana bayyana idan, daga farkon shekarun su, an haife karen a matsayin memba na iyali. Haɓaka kare a cikin jirgin sama, cikin rabuwa da ƙungiyar, zai iya haifar da sakamako wanda ba a iya faɗi ba, har zuwa damuwa a cikin ruhin kare.
Saint Bernard ya haɗu da kyakkyawan yanayi tare da ƙarfin ƙarfin jiki
Aiki mai haɗari, ƙarami ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a farkon karni na XIX adadin St. Bernards ya ragu zuwa matakin mahimmanci. An kawo maza biyu da ke sabuwar ƙasar zuwa gidan sufi don dawo da lambobi.
Sakamakon tsallakewar hanyoyin shiga tsakani, wani sabon nau'ikan St. Bernards ya bayyana: dogon gashi. Hopearshen da mayafin zai inganta halayyar karnukan bai inganta ba. Sakamakon nau'in gashi mai gashi mai tsawo bai dace sosai da ayyukan ceton ba.
Layin da Newfoundland ya kafa bai tsaya ba. Akasin haka, jama'a na karɓar kare mai kare da kyau kuma sun fara yadawa da sauri. Wannan ya sauƙaƙe ta hankali, son rai, fatar alheri da fitina mai kyau na aboki mai kafa huɗu. A yau, layi biyu suna haɓaka a layi daya: gajere mai gashi da dogon gashi.
A tsakiyar karni na 20, an yi yunƙurin ƙoƙarin don haifar da sababbin dabbobi. Sakamakon ƙetare St. Bernard tare da sauran manyan karnuka shine bayyanar kulawar Moscow. Wani lokacin ana kiranta Moscow Saint Bernard.
Har zuwa 80s na karni na XX akwai lokacin zubar jini na lokaci-lokaci na St Bernard zuwa ga irin wannan. Yanzu ana tsabtace layin kiwo. Babban aikin da masu shayarwa ke gabatarwa shine ƙarfafa halayen kare na kare. Sun sami wannan. Ba tare da dalili ba a cikin sunan farauta shine kalmar "tsaro".
Shorthair St. Bernard
Kulawa da Kulawa
Saint Bernard kayan marmari ne wanda maigidan sararin samaniya yake iya samarwa. St. Bernard yana fitowa a cikin gida yawanci yana da shekara daya. Kafin wannan, wani muhimmin mataki yana faruwa - zaɓi na ɗan kwikwiyo. Launi, aiki, girma sune mahimman ma'auni, har ma mafi mahimmanci shine bayanan iyaye.
Cin abinci sanannun, wuri mai dadi don barci, yanayi mai nutsuwa a cikin gidan zai tabbatar da fara rayuwa a rayuwa. Ba kwa buƙatar ɗauka puppy a cikin hannayenku na dogon lokaci ko dauke shi zuwa gado. Miyagun halayen da aka samu tun suna ƙuruciya suna da wahala a gyara. Ingilishi mai tsafta cikin jiki yana farawa yana da shekaru 3-4. Sabili da haka, dole ne ka tabbatar da cewa bai shirya a wurin da daftarin zai yiwu ba.
Amincewa da matsayin mutum muhimmin abu ne a ilimin farko. A lokaci guda, kwikwiyo yakamata yai kadaici. Magana ta yau da kullun tare da membobin iyali shine mabuɗin don ingantaccen kwakwalwa, amincewa da kai, hali mai ƙarfi. Ya kamata 'yar tsana ta kasance tana da abubuwan wasa. Don wannan dalili, duk wani abu wanda ba ya haifar da rauni ya dace. Bai kamata a sami wani hani yayin motsawa cikin gidanka ba.
Kwikwiyo yana girma da sauri kamar babu waninsa asali. Santa bernard a farkon shekarar rayuwa yana samun kilo 50-70. Tare da irin wannan saurin haɓaka, nauyi na musamman ya faɗi akan ƙasusuwa mai narkewa da guringuntsi. Ba da wannan gaskiyar, hawa matakala da tsalle daga tsinkaye yana ba da izini ga kwikwiyo. Don kawo kwikwiyo zuwa titi har zuwa watanni 3 da haihuwa yana kan hannu. Tashi da ragewa, dukkan jiki ne ke riƙe shi.
A kusan watanni 3, molt na farko ya faru, hakora sun fara canzawa, tsarin nasu na rigakafi ya fara aiki. Solarfafa halayyar da aka samu, mai kyau da mara kyau.
Daga ƙuruciya sosai kuna buƙatar tafiya tare da puppy. Fara tare da gajeren tafiya na mintina 10-15. Abubuwan kyawawa na farkon tafiya ya kamata ya zama yanayin rana. Yin tafiya yana karfafa garkuwar kare. Kari akan haka, an ɗan kwikwiyo ya saba da gudanar da buƙata akan titi.
Yawan adadin yaren karen matasa yakamata ya zama akalla 4. Yana da kyau kuyi tafiya mafi dadewa a rana ko, aƙalla, a cikin rana. Tafiya don kwikwiyo shine motsawa da yawa, rashin kulawa da sadarwa tare da mai shi. Loaukar kaya masu nauyi, dogaye masu tsayi, tsalle da hawa hawa na iya cutar lafiyar lafiyar dabba.
Masana ilimin kimiyya suna sha'awar ikon Saint Bernard don hango yanayin dusar ƙanƙanni minti 40 kafin ta fara
Little St. Bernard yana buƙatar lokaci mai yawa daga mai shi. Yayi yawa sosai cewa wasu lokuta yana da amfani a raba kulawa da dabbobi a tsakanin dukkan membobin dangi. Hada gashi wani muhimmin bangare ne na kula da kare, musamman yayin yawo. A zahiri, wannan aiki ne mai sauki. A matsayin kayan aiki, ana amfani da combs na musamman da goge. Shorthair St. Bernards, ba shakka, haifar da ƙarancin matsala.
Masana ba su bada shawarar a goge karen ba akai-akai. Sau biyu a shekara, ana fuskantar hanyoyin wanka: a cikin bazara da kaka. An wanke kare a cikin ruwa a zazzabi na 40 ° C a cikakke: tare da sabulu, kurkura a cikin shawa, shafa tare da tawul, busa bushe.
Kowace tafiya na iya ƙare tare da hanyoyin tsabta. An goge kare tare da tsabtace sassan. A cikin hunturu, hanya mafi kyau don tsabtace ulu shine dusar ƙanƙara; a lokacin rani, wanka.
Babu ƙasa da ulu da kuka yi da idanunku. Saggyl eyelids basu da kyawun kare ido daga ƙura. Ana gyara yanayin ta hanyar shafa kullun idanun tare da tawul ɗin tawul. Kafin wannan, zane yana daɗaɗa da ruwa mai ɗumi ko shayi mai rauni.
Idan idanu suna wanke kullun, to, ya isa ya shafa kunnuwa sau ɗaya a mako. Hanyar mai sauƙi ce: swab yana daɗaɗɗɗa da maganin rigakafi (misali: boric barasa) kuma kunne ya goge. Complexarin ayyuka masu rikitarwa, kamar hura bushe boric acid a cikin kunne, yakamata a yi bayan tuntuɓar likitan dabbobi.
A cikin karnuka waɗanda yawanci suna tafiya tare da hanyoyin butf, da maƙallan suna niƙa da kansu. Idan hakan ba ta faruwa ba, kuna buƙatar ɗaura kan nono kuma ku yanke abin da ya fi girma. Ana yin wannan a hankali don kada a lalata wani yanki mai kambori. An fashe fashewar huɗa aka rufe da kakin zuma ko manne na likita.
Doka ko kazaran Dog sukan lalace a cikin hunturu idan dabba tayi tafiya akan hanyoyi da aka yayyafa da sunadarai. A irin waɗannan halayen, akwai mafita guda ɗaya: takalma mai kare. Za a iya ƙirƙirar takalmin sauƙi ko kanku ko aka sayi kayan da aka shirya.
Hauka wata damuwa ce. A sati na uku na rayuwa, kwikwiyon yana da hakora madara. Sun fara canzawa cikin watanni 3, cikin watanni 11 canjin ya ƙare. Tare da bayyanar hakora, dole ne a gano kare da gaskiyar cewa ana binciken hakora.
Sayar da haƙoran haƙora don dubawa da goge baki zai saukaka rayuwa ga mai shi da kare da kansa. Babban abin da ke haifar da lafiyar hakori, kamar kare kamar gabaɗaya, shine abinci mai gina jiki.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Tare da abinci na kwikwiyo na wata-wata, komai mai sauki ne: sabon mai shi ya kamata ya ciyar dashi da irin abincin da ya bayar gandun daji na saint bernards ko mai shayarwa. Rulesa'idoji masu sauƙi waɗanda kare dole ne su bi shi ba bisa ka'ida ba: ciyarwa yana faruwa a lokaci guda, ana iya samun abinci a cikin kwano.
Za'a iya ɗaukar kayan abinci ta hannun bawa daga hannu. Wannan shi ne kawai banda ga dokokin ciyar. Yana ba ku damar kafa kusanci tsakanin maigidan da dabba kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga nasara a cikin horo da horo.
Wani mawuyacin abu amma mai iya cimma ruwa game da abinci mai gina jiki ba shine karɓan abinci daga bene ko ƙasa ba. Koyon wannan haramcin zai kiyaye lafiyar karen ko ma rayuwa. A cikin farkon watanni na rayuwa, ana ciyar da kare sau 5-6 a rana. Yawan feedings an rage zuwa 3 a kowace shekara. A shekaru biyu, ana iya ciyar da kare sau biyu a rana.
Yawan abinci yana ƙaddara gwargwadon yanayin aikin ɗan kwikwiyo. Idan ba a cinye abincin gaba ɗaya, an rage rabo. Idan puppy lasisi daga bashi kuma bai bar, rabo ya ƙara kadan.
Tushen abincin shine abincin furotin. Mafi kyawun kayansa shine nama mai laushi. Kwatankwacin puppy na wata daya yakamata ya samu 160-200 g kowace rana. A hankali, yawan nama yana ƙaruwa kuma a shekara yana iya kaiwa zuwa kilogiram 0.5.
Nama na asali daban-daban (naman sa, rago, naman doki) ya dace, amma bai kamata ya zama mai ba. Kyakkyawan abinci shine offal: huhu, zuciya, nono. Kodan sune samfuri na lafiya, amma saboda ƙanshi mai daɗi, kare na iya ƙin irin wannan abincin.
Kifi kifi ne mai mahimmanci a cikin abincin St. Bernard. Tana iya maye gurbin nama gaba daya. Amma don gamsar da buƙatar furotin, zai buƙaci sau ɗaya da rabi. Kullum ana dafa kifin kaɗan.
Don inganta narkewa, kwikwiyo yana karɓar samfuran madara mai ɗanɗano daga shekara shida. Don ƙarfafa ma'adinai da bitamin, yawancin abincin marine ana haɗa su cikin abinci. Bayan cin abinci, ana ba kare kashin. Yana da kyawawa cewa suna ɗauke da adadi mai yawa. Calcium yana da mahimmanci ga irin wannan babban kare.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
A cikin bitches, estrus na farko yana faruwa a cikin watanni 8-9. Maza suna shirye don balagagge bayan wata daya. Amma matasa dabbobi ba a yarda ya aure. Za a iya saƙa da bututun a shekaru 2 da haihuwa. Karnuka sun zama cikakkun masu samarwa a cikin shekaru 2.5. In ba haka ba 'yan kwikwiyo na saint bernard zai zama mai rauni.
Dabbobin da ke da hannu a cikin samar da zuriya dole su kasance masu ƙoshin lafiya, da kyakkyawan tsari.Karnukan da suka kusanci milar shekaru 8 yawanci ba a basu izinin haihuwa.
Namiji ya shirya tsaf duk shekara. Duk lokacin da ya buƙaci a kiyaye shi don wannan aikin: don ciyar da kyau, yin tafiya mai yawa, don saka idanu kan lafiyar tasa. Kafin haɗuwa tare da mai yin takara na ainihi don dabbar ta hanyar canjin, namiji bai kamata ya ji gaban bitches na yanzu ba. Namiji na iya zama mai juyayi da ƙonawa. A wannan yanayin, ainihin abin da aka tsara zai rushe.
Cutar ciki tana kwana 64 (daga kwanaki 58 zuwa 66). A wannan lokacin, kare yana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa. Farawa daga makonni 3, yawan abinci yana ƙaruwa. Idan ana tsammanin adadi mai yawa da yawa, ƙara yawan ciyarwar mahaifiyar mai sa tsammani.
Bayan kwanaki 55 daga farkon daukar ciki, an shirya karen karen karen karen kare don an karen kuma an ba shi damar yin amfani da shi. Kafin ainihin haihuwar, mai shi yana buƙatar kasancewa mafi yawan lokuta kusa da kare - wannan yana ba da zaman lafiya ga kare.
Tare da yara, St. Bernard yana nuna halaye kamar yadda tare da ppan kwikwiyo, kare da ilimantarwa
Wararrun masu shayarwa na iya taimakawa yayin haihuwa. Idan babu kwarewar kulawa na mahaifar, yana da kyau a gayyaci likitan dabbobi. Ba za a iya kiran Saint Bernards ba. Shekaru 8-10 ana ɗaukar tsammanin rayuwa ta al'ada a cikin waɗannan karnuka.
Saint Bernards suna dauke da rare irin. Kiyaye su ba abu bane mai sauki. Saboda haka, farashin tsabtataccen yayyi ya yi yawa. Amma har ma zuriya daga masu ƙera mai suna na iya samun wasu lahani.
Idan lahani na data kasance baya tsoma baki ga rayuwa, amma babbar ɓacewa ce ga matsayin parody (alal misali, malocclusion), to farashin saint bernard na iya daga 100 zuwa 500 $. Wannan shine abin da ake kira class Pet.
Yawancin 'yan kwikwiyo ba sa karkatar da ƙa'idodi irin na. Amma ƙwararren ƙwararren masanin yana ganin wasu ajizanci. Irin wannan 'yar tsana tana iya biyan $ 500-1000. Wannan rukunin amarya ne. Puan wasa puan kwikwiyo daga dukkan wuraren hangen nesa, gwarzo na gaba da iyayen masu zuwa gaba suna da daraja a sama da $ 1000. Wannan ajin nuna ne.
Horo
Horo yana farawa da sauƙaƙan tafiya. Don yarda da kare ba wasa tare da leash ba, ba don ɗaukar abinci daga baƙi ba, ba don ba da damar baƙi su bugun jini kuma su daddale kansu - wannan babbar nasara ce a matakin farko na horo.
Yawancin masana sunyi imanin cewa ana iya samun sakamakon ne kawai ta hanyar ƙauna da sauya hankalin kwikwiyo. Sauran suna da ra'ayin cewa horo wata hanya ce ta dabi'a da za a yarda da abin da aka hana.
Mafi mahimmancin haramcin kungiyoyi shine fu. Amma tare da kowace hanyar kawo banji ga tunanin kare, bai kamata a bayar da wannan umarnin sau da yawa ba. In ba haka ba, yana rasa mahimmancinta. Lokacin da yake da watanni da yawa, har ma wani malamin da ba a yarda da shi ba ya iya koyar da kare ya bi umarni masu sauƙi: “zauna”, “a kaina”, “murya” da makamantan su.
St. Bernards zahiri amsawa ga sauran karnuka, amma ba nuna zalunci ba
Trainingarin horo koyaushe yana farawa ne da shekaru ɗaya. Har yanzu dai kare ba ya rasa damar samun horo da kuma samun kwanciyar hankali. Karnukan yakan sami ƙwarewa na musamman a ƙarƙashin jagorancin ƙwararren masanin horo mai shekaru 1 zuwa 2.
Akwai yuwuwar cututtukan da hanyoyin maganin su
Gabaɗaya, kare na St. Bernard yana cikin koshin lafiya. Amma a cikin lokacin girma, wato, kafin ta cika shekara guda, tana fuskantar barazanar cututtuka daban-daban na gidajen abinci da kasusuwa. Misali: dysplasia, hernia na vertebral discs.
Tare da shekaru, kiba na iya bayyana saboda yawan motsa jiki da ƙarancin motsi. A sakamakon haka - wata cuta ta zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, hanjin ciki da sauran gabobin ciki.
Lalacewa da juyayi da tsarin gado ko hoto ko bidiyo mai zagayawar ciki na iya haifar da cututtukan fata. Tsarin menu na daidaita, ayyuka na kulawa da suka dace, doguwar tafiya za ta kula da lafiyar karen a matakin qwarai. Kuma za'a bawa mai shi abokantaka mai girma da daukaka.