Rock lizards kananan halittu masu launin launuka masu haske wadanda suke ciyar da rayuwarsu gaba daya a duwatsun tsaunuka. Wadannan masu baƙar fata sun dace da yanayin zaman talala, na tsawon shekaru suna faranta wa masu mallakar su da halaye masu ban sha'awa a cikin wuraren shakatawa.

Kusan dukkan nau'ikan jita-jita na dutse (subgenus Agchaeolacerta) suna rayuwa a cikin halittun iri iri guda kuma na jagoranci rayuwa iri daya, saboda haka na ƙuntata kaina ga bayanin nau'in guda ɗaya kawai, Lacerta saxicola.

Rock lizards da kyau “a haɗe” zuwa ga cutuka na tsaye - kankara, fashewar iyaye, dutse, talus. Galibi ana samun su a bangon gidaje da sauran gine-gine.

Hoto mai ɗaukar hoto

Suna jagorantar rayuwa ta yau da kullun, suna nuna mafi girman aiki a cikin lokutan rana mai zafi, lokacin da iska ta tashi zuwa 25-30 ° C. Lokacin farauta, masu shayarwa a wasu lokuta kan tafi nesa nesa ba kusa ba don haka basu da mafaka ta dindindin, amma fasa daban-daban a cikin dutse, fasa tsakanin duwatsu, da dai sauransu. koyaushe ka rufe su idan akwai haɗari.

Rock lizard - ƙaramin ɗan dabba: tsawon jikinta ya kai 8 cm tare da wutsiya da ta wuce girman jikin ta sau 2-2.5. Maza a saman suna kore mai haske. A kan wannan asalin, tsarin musayar abubuwa yana gudana tare da bayan. A bangarorin akwai ratsi da aka haɗa ta hanyar haɗa duhu duhu tare da haske ko cibiyar shudi. Abun ciki yawanci ja ne ko ruwan hoda. Mace sun fi zane-zanen matsakaici, ba tare da koren launi ba. Baƙi mai ƙarfi tare da dogon yatsunsu dauke da makamai, kaifi mai kaifi

Liwararrun dutsen, kamar sauran lacertids, suna ciyar da kwari akan kwari, musamman cin waɗanda ke tashi - kwari, kuliyoyi, dabbar daddale, yayin farauta wanda suke saurin tashi da sauri. Wasu lokuta ƙwararrun masu maye suna canza wuri zuwa ciyar a kan kowane kwaro ɗaya - alal misali, yayin tururuwa mai yawa a cikin hanjin su kawai tururuka suke samu.

Dangane da abubuwan lura a cikin yanayi, masu yin jita-jita na dutse suna nuna halayyar ƙasa mai ban sha'awa - dabbobi waɗanda suke kwana a cikin tsari guda kuma suna da alaƙa da juna, lokacin da suka haɗata da gangan yayin farauta, shiga cikin mummunan yaƙi. Wadannan rikice rikice da rikicewar kullun suna haifar da “mazauna” na masu haɗari suna jin jin damuwa na har abada.

Dole ne a tuna cewa ƙwararrun dutsen dabbobi dabbobi ne na dukansu, saboda haka, ya zama dole a shirya daki don kula da gungun mutane 8-10. Acasaitaccen nau'in shimfidar wurare a tsaye, wanda aka tsara don ɓangaren sassan dutsen, yana da kyawawa. Approxoƙarin dimarfansa sune 50x40x100 cm. Baya da ɗayan bango na gefe dole ne a yi ado da girma dabam tare da duwatsun da aka ɗora tare da manne (epoxy, silicone, da sauransu). Bai kamata wani banbanci tsakanin duwatsun da masu iya ɓarke ​​ɓoye, in ba haka ba zai zama da matukar wahala a tura su.

Bishiyoyin dutsen bidiyo

Akwai kuma wata hanyar tabbatar da ado ta bangon bango. An yanke blank kwaikwayon dutsen ko babban dutse a cikin takardar farin ƙarfe 10 cm, wanda aka sanya shi da wani yanki na resin epoxy (EDN-5) kuma yayyafa shi da yashi ko tsakuwa mai kyau. Bayan polymerization na resin, an ƙarfafa kumfa a bangon baya ko gefen bango. Samun dacewa da wannan hanyar shine sauƙin ado, ikon iya jujjuya shi da sauri, yana ba shi fasali mai tsini da laushi (alal misali, zaku iya yanke alkuki don nozzles na shuka).

A kasan terrarium, kuna buƙatar shirya mafaka ɗaya ko biyu don dabbobi masu bacci. Zai iya kasancewa manyan manyan duwatsun 2-3 kwance a saman juna, guntun haushi ko farantin kowane filastik.

Yana da kyawawa don zaɓar ƙasa cikin la'akari da peculiarities na halayen masu haɗari. Kuna iya amfani da m ko kyawawan pebbles, tsakuwa, gutsutsuren dutse ko marmara. Amma yashi a matsayin ƙasa zai fi kyau a kiyaye shi - maƙerani sukan tono shi, kuma yana da sauri yana da datti. Ofasar kowane abun da ake ciki ba ta yarda da shi ba - dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ƙazantar da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazamin ƙazantar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi.

Ba lallai ba ne don saita kwanon abin sha - a cikin yanayi, ana iya saukar da ruwa mai saukar ungulu tare da raɓa, kuma cikin ɗaurarru yau da kullun. Kodayake duk yana dogara da sha'awarku.

Ya kamata walƙiya ta yi ƙarfi sosai. Zai fi kyau idan aka haɗu - da fitilun fitila waɗanda ke ƙarfafa launi na dabbobi, da fitilun incandescent waɗanda ke ba da yawan zafin jiki da suka dace (a cikin rana - har zuwa 35 ° C, da dare - 18-20 ° C). Za'a iya sanya fitilar erythema ma'adini a cikin rukunin hasken wuta.

Hoto mai ɗaukar hoto

Ana buƙatar danshi da laushi (kusan kashi 70%) ta hanyar fesawa, zai fi dacewa kullun, amma yana yiwuwa kowace rana. Kada mu manta game da iska mai kyau - ana bayar dashi ta hanyar shigar da "taga" raga a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren bango na gefe da murfin raga.

Musamman hankali lokacin da za a ba da katafaren filin da za a kula da abin da za'a kula dashi.

Rock lizards dabbobi masu hannu da shuni kuma a kowane irin sa-ido ba za su kasa barin wuraren aikinsu ba.

Za'a iya haɓaka kayan adon terrarium tare da tsire-tsire masu rai - hawan siffofin ficus da aiwi. An shuka su cikin tukwane, waɗanda aka haƙa cikin ƙasa kuma an rufe su da manyan duwatsu don kare su daga dabbobi.

Yadda ake ciyar da mayyar dutse

Ciyar da manyan daskararrun dutse ba yawan wahala bane. Liwararrun maɓuɓɓuka na Rock suna wadatar da abincin gargajiyar gargajiya - kwari iri daban-daban (baranba, ɓawon burodi, tsutsotsi na gari). A lokacin rani, yana da amfani sosai don ƙara ƙwararrun barkono da dodo a cikin abincin. Ganyen tsutsa, wanda yawancin masoya suka ƙi shi, ya dace sosai don ma'adinan da abincin bitamin na dabbobi - ana iya danshi da Tetravit, an yayyafa shi da sinadarin alli, da dai sauransu. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a yi amfani da mai sauƙin ciyarwa.

Rock lizard kiwo

Idan zatayi kiwo da zakka, ya zama dole a samarda irin abubuwanda zasu motsa shi. A dabi'a, dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi tana faruwa ne bayan lokacin hunturu, saboda haka zaku iya zuwa nougat a gida.

Dole ne a shirya dabbobin don hunturu na wucin gadi. Don yin wannan, makonni 2-3 kafin saka shinge, zazzabi a cikin terrarium sannu a hankali, a cikin mako, saukar da daga 30 ° C zuwa 15 ° C, dabbobi sun daina ciyarwa kuma sun bugu ne kawai. Sannan ana sanya ƙwararar a cikin akwati na katako tare da gansakuna da rigar ciki kuma tsawon makonni 4-6 ana sanya su a cikin wuri mai sanyi tare da zazzabi kusan 6 ° C. Yawancin lokaci wannan lokacin ya isa don ƙarfafawa. Mako-mako, Ya wajaba a kula da yanayin akwatin hunturu - zafi, zazzabi, kyautata rayuwar dabbobi.

Mutuwar laushi tana farawa makonni 2-5 bayan lokacin sanyi. Mace na sanya ƙwai a fasa a tsakanin duwatsun ko ƙarƙashin mafaka. Lokacin shiryawa shine kusan kwanaki 60. Mafi kyawun abincin da nake ci - matasa na crickets.

Amma mafi ban mamaki daga cikin sanannun mashahuran, jinsin halittar halittar, wato, iya yin bayyani ba tare da halayen maza ba, sun kasance cikin wannan tsarin. A yawancin dabbobi na wannan rukunin masu shigo da haraji, ba a san maza ba. Amma dangane da launi da halayyar, irin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ba su da ƙanƙantar da danginsu tare da yanayin "na gargajiya" na haifuwa.

I. Khitrov Moscow

Jaridar Aquarium 2000 №3

Onari akan wannan batun:

Ra'ayoyi kan wannan labarin:

Bayanin da aka kara da:Victor
Rana: 2018-05-14

Na kama waɗannan masu maye kuma suna zaune tare da ni kwana biyu a banki. Ya ciyar da zakoki ga ciyawa.

Kungiyar sararin samaniya a cikin taranti

Rock lizards suna buƙatar nau'in filaye na kwance. Girman terrarium mai dacewa: 80 by 40 by 40 santimita. Kada a sami loopholes a cikin farfajiyar, tare da taimakon abin da ƙwararrun majiyoyi za su iya tserewa, saboda suna da sauri, kuma suna iya rarrafe cikin kowane rata.

Rock Lizards (Darevskia).

Ana zuba cakuda tsakuwa da yashi da ma'adini a ƙasan terrarium. Tabbatar samun manyan duwatsu, yayin da babban dutse ya kamata ya sami haskoki daga fitilar dumama.

Liwararrun maɓuɓɓugan dutse sune mazaunan farfajiya.

Liwararren mahaifa dabbobi ne na ƙasa. Maza da suka manyanta suna kula da wuraren da matayensu ke zama. Don haka, maza ba su da nau'in jinsi daya ba a adana su a farfaɗiya ɗaya ba, tun da faɗa ya tashi a tsakaninsu. Amma maza nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsin ba sa nuna adawa da juna.

Rock lizard terrarium dumama da haske

Za'a kashe wutar ta amfani da fitilar ultraviolet. Ana yin awoyi na hasken rana daidai da na halitta. Don dumama, zaku iya amfani da fitilar madubi 2-watt madara. A ƙarƙashin fitilar, zazzabi zai kasance da kusan digiri 30, kuma a kusurwar sanyi - kimanin digiri 26.

Liwararrun dutsen gwanaye suna da launi mai kyau.

Rock lizards suna buƙatar hunturu. Wintering za a iya za'ayi a cikin Janairu. Don yin wannan, an sanya macijin a cikin kwandon filastik tare da ƙasa kuma a tsare shi a zazzabi na digiri 8 na wata 1.

Danshi a cikin farfajiyar gidan

A cikin farfajiyar tasoshin dutsen, akwai mai sha, kamar yadda dabbobi sukan sha. Yawancin mutane suna wanka tare da farin ciki mai yawa. Ruwa a cikin kwanon sha yana canzawa koyaushe.

Kafin yanke shawara don adana maganin dutsen a cikin farfajiyar gidanka, karanta shawarwarin.

Kari akan wannan, tilas a yayyafa terrarium a kowane kwanaki 2. Yayin tsabtace terrarium, sau ɗaya a mako, ana ba da shawarar sanya su cikin akwati tare da karamin adadin ruwan dumi. Godiya ga wannan, masu shayarwa zasu tsarkaka fata, kuma za a sauƙaƙe aiwatar da yin zubarwa.

Rock Lizards Abincin

Lokacin da ake ajiye ɓoye dutsen a cikin zaman talala, ana amfani da tsarin ciyarwa wanda ya zama daidai ga mazauna terrarium: tsutsotsi na gari, ɗakunan banana da daddawa. Ba'a ba da shawarar yin amfani da nau'in abinci guda ɗaya, musamman tsutsotsi na gari, tunda suna da wadatar sunadarai, wanda zai iya haifar da kiba da matsalolin hanta a cikin masu haɗari. Bugu da kari, abincin ya bambanta da karas da grated. Calcium foda da karin abincin bitamin suma ya kamata su kasance.

Kafafun gaba na dutsen liyel suna sanye da kaho mai kaifi.

Domin masu fasa kwarin dutse su nuna dabarun farautarsu, ban da abincin da ba a iya sarrafawa ba, ya kamata a basu zakara masu rai. Nan da nan baranya ta ɓoye a cikin matsuguni, alal misali, a ƙarƙashin kwanon shan giya, kuma mawaƙin ya yi haƙuri har sai da ta fito da shi ba tare da bata lokaci ba, kuma nan da nan ya kutsa cikin abincin. Lizards suna haɗi da ƙarami da matsakaita a baki ɗaya, kuma suna jan manyan mutane da haƙoran su. Don yin wannan, lizard tana girgiza kai da ƙarfi kuma, in ya cancanta, yana taimaka da tafin hanunsa gabaɗaya.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Physiology na lizards

Domin ku sami babban rabo cikin shayarwa kuma ku sami damar dogaro kan sakamako mai kyau - bayyanar zuriya matasa - kuna buƙatar siyan takalman maye - namiji da mace. Oh, abin da zaka kula yayin zabar lizard - mun riga mun rubuta - sabili da haka, baza mu sake maimaita shi ba. Zamu jawo hankalin ka kawai kan yadda baza ayi kuskure a cikin wanda yake a gabanka ba, mace ko namiji.

Af, muna so mu yi gargaɗi nan da nan cewa akwai wasu nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe, ba zai yiwu a ƙayyade jima'i wanda ta hanyar binciken gani kawai. Amma, muna fatan wannan ba zai faru ba a lamarinku, kuma zaku iya gano daidai namiji ta hanyar kambiyoyinsa na kansa, ƙararrakin fata, kumburin ciki, ƙyalƙyallen ƙyallen hannu da kuma faɗaɗa girman sikelin bayan sa. Rashin irin waɗannan alamun za su nuna cewa a gabanku akwai masu-lalurar mace.

Bayanin

Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan lizards ne tare da tsawon jikin 50-85 mm kuma tare da kusan sau biyu wutsiya. Jiki yawanci yana narkar da kai, ana nuna kai da fasali kuma a mafi yawancin jinsunan sun lalace a cikin jirgin sama mai tsaye, wanda ke ba da damar lizards su ɓoye a cikin kunkuntar abubuwa tsakanin duwatsu da duwatsun. Liaƙƙarfan dutse yana da ƙafa mai tsayi tare da ƙararraki na musamman akan saman paws da kaifi mai kaifi, godiya gareshi wanda suke saurin motsawa zuwa kan layi na kwance na kankara da duwatsu.

Launin launuka na dutsen ya bambanta daga launuka daban-daban na kore zuwa yashi. Mata yawanci launuka ne masu launi fiye da maza. A gefen ɓangaren jikin, ƙwararrun ma'abuta dutse suna da wani yanki na bakin ciki wanda ya ƙunshi launuka masu launin baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa da layin babban layin fata, da kuma yanayin duhu a ɓangarorin jikin. A wasu nau'ikan, shuɗi ko ratsin ruwan lemo tare da farin da'ira a tsakiyar, da / ko launin shuɗi ɗaya mai launin shuɗi-murɗa a gefen juji na ciki tare da sikeli na wucin gadi, suna kan gaban ɓangare na uku na jiki. Yawancin nau'ikan muryoyin dutsen ana nuna su da launi daban-daban na gefen ciki, daga launuka daban-daban na ruwan hoda, ja da ruwan lemo zuwa rawaya da kore.

Ilimin Zamani

A cikin 1830, Farfesa na Jami'ar Kazan E. A. Eversman (1794-1860) ya yi balaguro zuwa Arewacin Caucasus, sakamakon abin da ya bayyana sabbin nau'ikan halittu guda biyu: gandunan daji na makiyaya (Lacerta praticola (Eversman 1834)) da kuma hadarin dutsen (Lacerta saxicola (Eversman 1834). A wancan lokacin, masanan kimiyyar Turai ba su amince da 'yancin jinsin ba L. saxicolala'akari da shi a matsayin ɓangare na Turai L. muralis (Laurenti 1768). Amma a farkon karni na XX. Tsakanin likitocin dabbobi biyu Mecheli (1862-1953) da Boulanger (1858-1937) an yi wata doguwar tattaunawa game da matsayin sahun gaba L. saxicolawarware a cikin ni'imar na farko, kuma L. saxicola tare da subspepes daga baya an dauki daban daga L. muralis. Shekaru da yawa, masana kimiyya daga kasashe daban-daban suka yi nazari kansu cikin rukuni-rukuni na masu yin jita-jita, nuna wasu sabbin hanyoyin, sauƙaƙe wasu taxa da bayyana sabbin nau'ikan. Ya kasance akan wannan rukunin haɗarurruka ne aka fara gano ɗamarar halittar halittar halittar halittar dabbobi ta hanyar binciken dabbobi na gida I. S. Darevsky (1924-2009), wanda shima ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga fahimtar ilmin kimiya na kimiyyar halittu, tsare-tsare, da kuma ilimin kimiyyar kiɗa. Kuma a cikin 1997, masanin ilmin kimiya dan kasar Spain Arribas ya bayyana sunan halittar gwanayen dutsen. Darevskia kuma ya fifita nau'in kallo D. saxicola .

Rarrabawa

Dangane da Arribas (1997), asalin halittar Darevskia ya hada da rukunoni hudu (taska) hada hadar dan adam ta asali da dangi: raddei, rudis, saxicola da maganin kafek . Nan gaba, an raba wasu abubuwa ukun. praticola, mazinaciya da defilippii . Gabaɗaya, asalin halittar ya haɗa da nau'ikan 34, 7 wanda ya haifar da parthenogenetically, da ƙananan 22.

Lafiya na gama gari: abin da za a ciyar

Wannan halitta mai rai a gida ana ɗaukar ta m. Abin da ya sa kenan, don kada abun ciki ya haifar da matsaloli, ya zama dole a san yanayin rayuwa ta zahiri.

Duk wanda ya bi ta daji, ya sadu da waɗannan lemun zaki ko launin ruwan kasa, da sauri ya ɓoye cikin ciyawa ko bushes a ɗan ƙaramin hatsari. Waɗannan su ne wakilan nau'in jinsunan Lacerta agilis Linnaeus (lat.) Ko kuma masu saurin motsa jiki.

A halin yanzu, ilimin kimiyya ya san ƙananan hukumomi 9 waɗanda aka rarrabe su a kan iyakar yankin Eurasia daga tekun Atlantika zuwa Siber ta Tsakiya.

A cikin Rasha, rabon rarraba waɗannan amintattun mutane yana da yawa sosai: daga Karelia, Arkhangelsk da Leningrad yankuna a arewa zuwa Caucasus a kudu kuma daga iyakar tare da Belarus a yamma zuwa Baikal a gabas.

Dangane da haka, yanayin rayuwa na halitta ya banbanta: daskararren ciyawa, gandun daji masu yaduwa da gandun daji, gandun daji-steppe, busassun wuraren bushewa. Yana jagorantar rayuwar yau da kullum ta yau da kullun, amma yana iya hawa dutsen duka akan bishiyoyi da kan tsaunin dutse.

Kashiyoyi masu saurin (ko talakawa) basa nesa da yankin da suke rayuwa, wani lokacin ma suna tono matattarar ƙasa a ƙasa.

Yayin farauta, waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ba sa barin ƙwanƙolin su fiye da mita 15-20, domin idan akwai haɗari yana yiwuwa a hanzarta ɓoyewa a cikin matsugunansu.

Girman mai saurin azumi shima na iya bambanta. Tsawon dabbar tare da wutsiya daga 5 zuwa 25 cm (ya danganta da ragin). Maza yawanci suna ɗan girma fiye da mace; launin su, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da haske. Abun ciki na maza mai launin shuɗi ne, kuma cikin mace fari ko kuma launin rawaya.

Liwararrun masu haɗari suna ciyar da nau'ikan invertebrates: katantanwa, tsutsotsi, kwari. Zasu iya cin abincin dabbobin su da na “maƙwabta”.

Idan dabbar ta kama shi da wuya, to yana iya kokarin cizo, kuma ya fasa kyauta, ya bar wutsiyarsa ga “makiyi”. A wannan halin, babu zub da jini, tunda tsokoki na dabba a wurin da ke cikin kunnun da ke cikin taɓar ya kusan rage su nan take. Bayan wani lokaci, ana dawo da wutsiyar wutsiya (sake farfadowa), amma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, sabon wutsiya ya ɗan gajere fiye da na “tsohuwar” ɗaya. Wannan fasalin jikin yakamata a yi la’akari da kulawar gida.

Akwai ra'ayin cewa za a iya ba da wannan amintaccen mutumin a cikin abincin “mutum”, ragowar abincin iyali. A tsari, wannan gaskiyane, amma bai kamata a cinye wannan abincin ba ta kowane hali.

Kodayake, yakamata a samar da abincin da yake kusan kusan halitta.

• Abin da ya sa gizo-gizo, barawo, ciyawa, tsutsotsi (har da gari mai tsabta) abinci ne na yau da kullun ga masu haɗari.
• Kuna iya shirya cakuda mai gina jiki wanda ya ƙunshi karas da karas da nama (an yarda da naman minced).
• Kuma idan an ƙara kyawawan ganyen alayyafo ko ganyen Dandelion a cikin wannan cakuda, to, ƙwaryar za ta sami furotin ba wai kawai ba, har ma da bitamin da ke buƙatar ci gaban al'ada.

Ciyar da yakamata a yi sau 3 a cikin rana. A cikin hunturu, a lokacin tsawon aiki, zaka iya canzawa zuwa abinci biyu a rana.

Yaɗa

Liwararrun masu amfani da Rock suna da yawa a Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Nagorno-Karabakh, Russia (Adygea, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Territory, Republic of Crimea, North Ossetia-Alania, Stavropol Territory) , a cikin Turkiya da Kudancin Ossetia. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa iyakokin nau'ikan wasu nau'ikan ba amintaccen sananne ba ne, amma wuraren da aka haɗasu da haɗuwa da su sun haɗa da wuraren rarraba abubuwan da aka riga aka nuna don asalin asalin.

Yadda masu shayarwa ke kiwo

Bayyanar yarinyar lizaki

Bayan dabbobi masu rarrafe maza da mata da kuka sami nasarar samu kuma suka zauna a wuraren da suka dace (ku tuna, keɓe kai na wucin gadi don kada masu haɗari su cutar da juna da cututtukan su?), Lokaci yayi da za ku iya gano yadda suke ninka, da kuma yadda waɗannan hanyoyin ke gudana a cikin jikinsu.

Masana kimiyya sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin haifuwa masu haɗar haɗari galibi yakan faru ne ta hanyar saduwa da mata. Kodayake, banda na iya zama yanayi yayin da muke ma'amala da wasu nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda ke haifuwa ta hanyar parthenogenesis. A lokaci guda, zuriyarsu zasu yi girma daga kwai, ba tare da haɗawar farko da namiji ya yi ba. Koyaya, wannan yana da wuya sosai.

Ainihin, dukkanin lamuran halittu ne masu kwanciya-qwai. Wannan yana nuna cewa bayan dabbar ta balaga, sai su kwanciya qwai, wanda ke ci gaba da bunkasa na tsawon makonni a wajen jikin mahaifiyar, kuma sai bayan wannan kananan yaran su suka kyankyasar daga qwai.

Habitat

Ana samun daskararren dutse a bangarori daban-daban masu girma daga 0 zuwa 3000 m sama da matakin teku. da kuma mamaye wurare da yawa: shimfidar dutse, gandun daji, makiyayan dutse, dajin dutse, kera mutum da bakin teku. Ta hanyar ɗaure wani wuri ko wata, za a iya rarrabasu bisa ga ka'ida zuwa sassa da yawa:

1) Malaman zaki da ke rayuwa a cikin gandun daji, bisa ga kananan abubuwan da aka mallaka, sun kasu gida biyu: riko da bala'o'i (D. raddei, D. brauneri) kuma mai 'yanci ne garesu, da ikon zama cikin mazaunan da babu duwatsu, ta amfani da ƙwararrun ɓoye, ɓoyayyen ganye, rami a cikin bishiyoyi da haushi azaman matsuguni (alal misali, D. chlorogaster, D. armeniaca).

2) Mazaunan a cikin wuraren rikice-rikice da kuma tsaftataccen yumɓu a cikin alkifa da ciyawa subalpine. A matsayin masu mafaka, galibi kanyi amfani da tsafe-tsafe masu yawa, ramuka tsakanin duwatsu da fasa a cikin duwatsun. Habitat data mance D. mai tsayi da D. Mixta, D. armeniaca da D. soyayya.

3) Rock lizards na busassun wuraren bushewa na ƙasa mai tsayi (tsayayyun tsaunuka) na kankara da ƙafafunsu a kan kwari tare da ciyawar ƙauna mai bushe da ciyawar ciyawa, tsaunin hanya. Irin wa] annan wuraren suna da yawan murjiyoyi da abubuwan voids wadanda ke matsayin mafaka ga masu maye. A cikin irin wannan shimfidar wurare akwai nau'ikan halittu kamar: D. rudis, D. portschinski, D. daghestanica, D. raddei, D. saxicola.

4) Samun mazaunan anthropogenic: gine-ginen da aka yi watsi da su, bango a cikin birane, gidajen da aka watsar da su, da gidajen ibada, da sauransu, inda adadin su ya wuce na yau da kullun. Misali, D. armeniaca, D. lindholmi, D. dahli.

Ana samun daskararren dutse a tsawan 0 - 3000 m sama da matakin teku. Yanke yanki da rarrabuwar yanki an ƙaddara shi da adadin hazo, zazzabi na shekara-shekara, tsawon lokacin mahalli, da bayyanar gangara. Misali, D. daghestanica a gefen gangaren kudu na tsaunin Great Mountain Caucasus (Kudancin Ossetia) an rarraba shi a tsaunin 1500-1800 a saman matakin teku, kuma a kan tsaunin arewa (Dagestan) - 50 - 2100 m sama da matakin teku

Abinci mai gina jiki

Rock lizards suna ciyar da abinci iri-iri tare da girman jiki daga fewan milimita zuwa 4 cm: gizo-gizo, datti, lepidoptera, hymenoptera, kyankyasai, orthoptera, ƙaƙƙarfan fuka-fukai, coleoptera, katako, tsutsotsi, tsintsaye, ruwan teku da ruwan birk na ruwa mai kyau, Hakanan, an yi rikodin lokuta na cin naman mutane lokacin da manya suka ci ƙananan yara.

Duk da bambance bambancen da abinci yake bayarwa, masu fasa kwabrin dutsen zasu iya haɓaka fifiko don ciyar da wasu gungun jama'a (alal misali, tururuwa mai tashi), wanda canje-canje ke haifar da yanayi ko wadatar wannan nau'in abincin. Ko bayan an sami raguwar yawaitar yawan kwayar wannan rukunin, masu haɗari suna ci gaba da farautar dan wani lokaci a gaban wadatattun kayan abinci.

Yawan jama'a da kuma na mazaunan yankin

Rock lizards suna da wuya a kashin kansu, galibi suna kafa matsuguni. Yawan adadi na gwanayen daskararren dutse na iya bambanta ta hanyar da ta fi ta jinsin maza biyu: har zuwa mutum 200 a kowace kilomita 1 na hanyar jinsunan marasa aure da kuma kusan mutane 80 a cikin jinsunan bisexual, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa nau'in nau'in parthenogenetic ba su da m kuma suna da yawan haɓaka haɓaka yawan jama'a .

Maƙƙarfan dutse yana da alaƙa da tsarin zamantakewa mai ma'ana da bambancin ra'ayi, wanda, musamman, ana alamta ta kyakkyawar dangantakar abokantaka ta dogon lokaci tsakanin mace da namiji da yanki ko alaƙa tsakanin mutum da jinsi ɗaya.

Tushen mahalli na masu amfani da dutsen lizards shine maza ke kwance mace da mace tare da shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban, galibi sukan mamaye su. A cikin wasu nau'in, wasu maza suna da yankuna da ke kariya daga wasu maza. Yankunan maza ba su taɓa mamayewa ba, amma cibiyoyin ayyukan su, da farko suna da alaƙa da ma'amala, ya yi daidai da cibiyoyin ayyukan mata da ke rayuwa a yankunansu.

Binciken halayyar zamantakewar mutum da tsarin yanki na yawan masu magana da dutse shine batun takaddun takaddun kimiyya da aka buga dangane da sakamakon binciken shekaru da yawa.

Aiki

Ayyukan daskararre na dusar ƙanƙara ana tantance su ta hanyar alamu na zazzabi kuma, sabili da haka, nau'in da ke rayuwa a tsaunuka daban-daban sun bambanta dangane da mafaka daga wuraren mafaka na lokacin hunturu, lokacin kwanciya, kwanciya ƙwai, ƙyamar matasa da lokacin barin hunturu. Kusa da ƙarshen watan Fabrairu har zuwa ƙarshen watan Mayu, mafaka na shinge na hunturu, da lokacin aiki yana daga watanni 6-7 (a cikin tsaunuka) har zuwa watanni 9-10 (a cikin kwarin da kuma bakin tekun). A wannan lokacin, mutane da suka manyanta sun yi aure, kuma mata suna kwanciya. Hibernation yana faruwa daga ƙarshen Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Nuwamba.

Farawa da ƙarshen ayyukan yau da kullun na masu shayarwa an ƙaddara su ta hanyar yanayin haske a cikin ɓangaren mutum na mutum, kuma a cikin wasu mutane yana iya farawa da sassafe, yayin da mutane da ke zaune a kan tudun arewa ke kwance ko a cikin kwari mai zurfi na daji suna aiki na sa'o'i da yawa a tsakiyar rana. Bayan dumama (kwano), zazzabin jikin mai lila ya kai kimanin 30-34 ° C, kuma yana fara ayyukan yau da kullun da nufin tallafawa jikin. A ƙarshen yamma, lokacin da zafi ya yi sanyi, dabbobin za su koma wuraren da ake harkar abinci su zauna a wani ɗan lokaci, daga baya suka tashi zuwa mafaka na dare.

Microclimate

Dabba tana jin al'ada a zazzabi a ɗakin, amma idan wakilin ɗayan kudu ɗin yana zaune a cikin terrarium, to ya kamata a kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a cikin kewayon daga 25 zuwa 30 a cikin rana kuma daga digiri 18 zuwa 20 da dare.

Za'a iya samar da tsarin zazzabi ko dai tare da tabarma ta zazzabi, ko tare da wutar fitila tare da mai haskakawa. Amma a wannan yanayin, ya kamata fitilar ta kasance nesa da dabbar.

Ya kamata a kula da laushi ba ƙasa da kashi 75-80%, wanda akan samu ta hanyar tofa albarkatu na yau da kullun daga cikin sararin samaniya.

Don dafa abinci, kuna buƙatar shigar da kofin don abinci da mai sha. A kan lokaci mai yawa, za a iya amfani da zazzabi zuwa wuri guda don abinci da abin sha.

Yadda ake kwantar da halittar shaye-shaye

A yanayin dabi'a, majiyoyi za su fara ninka karfi tare da farawa da lokacin dumi. A cikin terrarium, inda suke rayuwa a cikin yanayin zafin jiki akai-akai, kuma farkon tsarin canjin na iya yin aiki domin sauƙaƙƙen dalilin cewa, yin biyayya ga ɗabi'ar dabi'a, maƙarƙashiyar ba ta jin cewa ta "warmed" a cikin terrarium, bi da bi, batutuwa masu haifar da kullun zazzabi karancin sha'awar.

An yi sa'a, akwai wasu asirin biyu game da yadda har yanzu zaku iya tayar da haɓaka masu rauni da zuriya. Don yin wannan, suna buƙatar yin koyi da ƙirƙirar yanayi waɗanda ke da kusanci da na halitta kamar yadda zai yiwu. Sabili da haka, hunturu a kansu na makonni 4-8 - rage zafin jiki ta wasu ma'aurata, rage tsawon sa'o'in hasken rana, da rage ko ma dakatar da ciyar da ƙarancin.

Kafin yin lalata lizz na mako uku, shirya awoyi na rana don masu rarrafe na tsawon 15-16. Hakanan, kar a manta game da hasken ultraviolet na fitila ta musamman.

Haihuwar ƙananan alamu

A lokacin da ya isa, ƙwararrun matasa suna fitowa daga ƙwai. Yakamata a fitar dasu kai tsaye daga farfajiyar domin su ware yiwuwar cin naman mutane a bangaren iyayen. Don kada ku yi baƙin ciki daga baya cewa har yanzu ba ku kula da zuriya da masu shayarwa ba suka ci shi, ya fi dacewa ku tanadi musu mafaka a farfajiyar raan kwanaki kafin a haifi jarirai kuma a hankali ku miƙa ƙwai a wurin. Yana da mahimmanci cewa manya ba su da damar yin amfani da kananan dabbobi.

Inda masu jita-jita ke zaune

Rock lizards Abubuwan da ke tattare da dutsen da manyan abubuwan fashewa na zaune. Masu rarrafe sun guji shirye-shiryen bushe bushe da kuma ayyukan agrocenoses. Yankunan da aka fi so don lizards sune tsaunin dutse da gorges da tarin manyan duwatsu da katanga kusa da koguna. Sau da yawa ana iya ganin su a cikin shimfidar wurare na al'adu, inda maƙaryaciya ke mamaye ganuwar manyan gine-gine, shinge. Lessarancin gama gari a wuraren tsaunukan dabbobin kusa da tsaunukan juniper da gandun daji mai sauƙi.

Rock lizard yana daya daga cikin masu saurin warkewa kuma mafi tsufa a cikin Rasha. Tana iya motsawa a kan saman tsaye daga sama da ƙasa tare da kai. Mazaunin koguna na dutse, masu ruwa a bakin dutse suna iyo sosai. Idan akwai haɗari, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna ƙoƙarin gudu da kuma neman mafaka a cikin matsuguni mafi kusa. Yayin tsere zigzag haɓaka babban gudu. Wanda aka kama ladan yayi ƙoƙari ya 'yantar kuma ya ciji mai bi. Wani matakan kariya shine silar warin halayyar akasarin halittu. Zardararren dutse yana amfani da fashe-fashe da daskararru a cikin kankara a matsayin mafaka, sarari tsakanin duwatsu, kuma yana iya ɓoye a ƙarƙashin hauren bishiyoyin da aka tsaitsaye da tsaye.

Lizard na daukar hoto (Mace) A yanayi, ana iya ganin yawan aikin laushi daga Maris har zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba. A cikin bazara, mafi yawan lokuta ana iya samun lilin daga 10 zuwa 15 hours a zafin jiki na + 11 ° C da sama.

Ana lura da fitowar dabbobi daga matsuguni a lokacin bazara na kimanin awanni 8. Da tsakar rana, ayyukan larabci ya kai mafi girma, bayan haka an lura da raguwa. Bayan saukar da zafi da awanni 16 zuwa 17, ayyukan dabbobi masu rarrafe ya sake karuwa, sannan a hankali ya kara raguwa har sai sun bar wuraren kwana.

Yanayin yawan zafin jiki na lokacin canzawa ya zama daga 22 zuwa 30 ° C.

Rock lizard kiwo

Lokacin canjin yanayi da kuma kara kiwo cikin gwanayen dutse na farawa jim kadan bayan sun bar wuraren mafaka na hunturu. Ana lura da kwanciya akan kwanciya, kuma ya dogara da girman mazaunin tsauni, ana cikin Yuni-Yuli. A cikin ɓoye akwai ƙwai 2 zuwa 6 waɗanda suke auna 7.8-10.2 × 15.0-16.8 mm da nauyin 0.5-0.9 g.

Tsawon lokacin shiryawa, gwargwadon yanayin damina, ya kasance ne daga kwanaki 50 zuwa 60. An lura da bayyanar shekarun shekara a cikin watan Yuli-Agusta. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, tsawon su (tare da wutsiya) bai wuce 5 cm ba.

Kamar yawancin masu iya magana, masu iya magana da dutse shine yawancin dabbobi. Ganimarsa ta mamaye duk abubuwan birgewa da hymenoptera, gwoza, diflomasiya, gizo-gizo, da kwari, orthoptera da kuturta.

Rock lizards yana daya daga cikin kyawawan lacertids. Nan da nan suka saba da, dogara, ba m game da sauran jinsuna. Don abun ciki daskararre dutsen kuna buƙatar filin ƙasa mai faɗi na tsaye-tsaye tare da girma na 60x50x100 cm. Lokacin zayyana terrarium, ya fi dacewa a sauƙaƙe shimfidar wuri mai dutse ta amfani da daskararren itace, duwatsu, tsirrai daban-daban (hawa hawan ficus, ivy, da sauransu).

Za a iya rufe bango da ɗayan bango da faranti na haushi ko an yi wa ado da duwatsun, tare da lizards masu son hawan dutse. Kamar yadda ƙasa, tsintsiya, tsakuwa za'a iya amfani dashi. Tare da feshin yau da kullun, kwanon sha a cikin terrarium ba na tilas bane, amma yana da kyau a shigar dashi, kamar yadda masu iya shayarwa a wasu lokuta sukan sha yarda kuma har ma suna ɗaukar hanyoyin ruwa.

Domin daddare masu rarrafe na dare a kasan farfajiyar, ya zama dole a shirya mafaka da yawa daga suttura, guntu na itace, duwatsu.

Ya kamata walƙiya ya kasance mai ƙarfi sosai kuma zai fi dacewa a haɗe (mai kyalli da incandescent), yana ba da yawan zafin jiki a cikin kewayon 24-30 ° C, dare - 4-6 ° C ƙananan. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin sasanninta na terrarium, kuna buƙatar rataye fitila don ya ƙona ƙasa zuwa 35 ° C. Ya kamata a kula da zazzabi a cikin terrarium tare da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio. Matsayin danshi da aka fi so shine kusan 70%.

A cikin zaman talala, ana iya ciyar da daskararren dutse tare da kusan kowane abinci mai rai wanda ya dace da girman: crickets, baranya, gwoza, kuli, larvae na abinci; yana da kyau a ƙara trivitamine da glycerophosphate na alli. A gaban ƙungiyar mutane 6-9 da cikakken ciyarwa, muna iya tsammanin tsarin haifuwa. Don motsa shi, suna shirya “wintering”.

Bidiyo - Rock Lizard

Makonni 2-3 kafin sanya lokacin hunturu, zazzabi a cikin terrarium ya ragu zuwa 12-15 ° C, dabbobi masu rarrabewa ba su da abinci. Sannan ana sanya ƙwararan a cikin akwati na katako tare da daskararren ciyawa ko sawki kuma tsawon makonni 6 ana sanya su a wuri mai sanyi tare da zazzabi na 6-9 ° C Wajibi ne a lura da matsayin dabbobi a mako-mako.

Bayan hunturu, ana sanya ƙuruciya a cikin farfajiyar zazzabi kuma sannu a hankali ana ɗaga zafin jiki sama da mako guda. Sai dabbobi masu rarrafe ke fara ciyarwa. Ba da daɗewa ba, a matsayin mai mulkin, bayan makonni biyu zuwa hudu, lokacin farawar dabbar ta fara, namiji yakan fara bin mace, bayan wannan kuma halayen sun fito ne daga hakoran namiji su kasance akan kwatankwacinsa da kuma ɓangarorinta.

Kamar yadda a dabi'a, makonni biyar zuwa shida bayan balagagge, mace zata sanya kwai 2-6 a cikin fasa tsakanin duwatsun ko karkashin murfin. A zazzabi na 24-28 ° C, shiryawa ya kai kimanin watanni biyu. Jariri masu maye gurbi da farko basu da amfani kuma kawai bayan an fara shan abinci - crickets matasa. Liwararrun maɓuɓɓugan dutse suna balaga da jima'i a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa tare da masu girma na gangar jikin 50 mm ko fiye.

Babu Babu MULIKI AKAN KUDI AKAN LITTLE View: 3740 SHAGON CIKIN SAUKI NA GOMA SHA BIYU Labaran zaki biyu na dutse masu rai kuma suna nasara tare da ni.

Akwai kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan ruwan amo 27. Haka kuma, yawancin nau'ikan halittar suna da ban sha'awa ga Caucasus. Liwararrun dutsen dutsen, a matsayinka na mai mulki, suna da launi mai kyau, saboda haka sun fi kyau don kiyayewa a farfaɗo.

Habitat

Viviparous lizards suna tartsatsi sosai. Yankakinta ya mamaye rabin arewacin Eurasia daga Ireland da Iberian Peninsula a yamma zuwa tsibirin Shantar, Sakhalin da arewacin Japan a gabas. Yana da babban yanki a cikin Urals. Yana faruwa, ko da yake da wuya, har ya wuce Arctic Circle.

Ruwan viviparous shine mafi tsananin yanayin sanyi da danshi yake da tausayi fiye da na nimble, saboda haka yafi birgima gaba kuma ya koma arewa fiye da sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe.

Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji iri daban-daban, yana ba da fifiko ga wuraren da ke da laushi (wuraren dazuka ke ci, ciyawar ciyawa). Yawancin lokaci ana samunsu cikin katako tare da bankunan tafkunan, sharewar share abubuwa, ƙasa da yawa - akan scree da kankara. Kadai haɗarin wannan maganin haɗarin haɗari a cikin ɗakoki. Yawancin lokaci yana zaune kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, yana samun adadi mai yawa a cikin lambuna.

Rayuwar livivpaparous lizard a cikin yanayi

Kamar sauran lacertids, mai sanya maye yana haifar da rayuwar yau da kullun. Aikin mai rarrafe ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki ne da gumi. Yana da aiki sosai a zazzabi na 20 ° C, tare da karuwa a zazzabi, aiki yana sauka kamar yadda yake a cikin girgije da sanyi. A 30 ° С, masu ruwayoyi suna ɓoye a cikin ramuka a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, kuma lokacin da zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa + 10 ° С, sai su dakatar da ayyukansu. A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, kullun mai ɗaukar nauyi kamar haka: daga 21 p.m. zuwa 7-8 a.m. - barci a cikin tsari, daga 7-8 a.m. zuwa 11 a.m. - dumama jikin a saman ƙasa, daga 11 a.m. zuwa 4 p.m. - lokacin mafi girman aiki, daga 16 h zuwa 20 h - lokacin aiki matsakaici.

Wannan nau'in baya tono nasa burrows, amma don gida yana amfani da burrows rodent, sarari tsakanin Tushen da duwatsu, tsohuwar kututture, guntun itace, fasa a ƙasa, da dai sauransu. A cikin ƙauyuka, gwanaye masu ɗaukar rai suna rayuwa cikin tarin rakodi da tarkokin itace, a cikin gine-ginen da aka yi watsi da su da kuma a matattarar gini.

Lizzarfan viviparous baya gudana da sauri kamar yan uwan ​​sa, amma yana iyo sosai, kuma idan yana da haɗari yana iya nutsewa, gudu a gindin har ma da tono a cikin ɓarna. Zai iya hawa dutsen itacen mai tsayi kusan m.

Gidauniyar mutum ɗaya tana da ƙarami - 8-10 sq.m., kuma ban da manyan wuraren mafaka a cikin yankin kowane ɗayan wuraren mafaka na ɗan lokaci.

Hijabi

A tsakiyar latitude, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna barin lokacin hunturu a ƙarshen Satumba - Nuwamba, ta amfani da mafaka da yawa na shinge na jiran wannan. An san cewa matasa suna barin don hunturu daga baya fiye da manya.

Ya danganta da mazauninsu, daga ɓoyewa, ƙwararrun lizards masu tayar da hankali a ƙarshen Maris - a watan Mayu, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki ya kusan + 10 ° C. Shedding yana farawa nan da nan kuma saurin zubarwa sau 2-3 a kowace kakar.

Abokan gaba

Abokan gaba a cikin lizza mai mahimmanci sun isa. Da farko dai, waɗannan su ne tsuntsaye masu cin nama da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Specanan samfurori sukan zama ganima ga tafkin da kwaroron ciyawa. Dole ne ta kasance mai lura da macijin, wanda shine maƙwabcinta a kusan duka kewayon. Tun da gwarzon mu yana haɗe zuwa ruwa, mafarautan suna jiran ta anan - pike, grayling, etc.