Oxtails suna cikin umarnin kwari na Hymenoptera. Suna da tsayi daɗaɗɗen jiki, wanda aka nuna a baya, cikin mata tare da ƙwararren, wani lokacin ovipositor. Shugaban yana da kyau kamar yadda bakinsa yake aiki, bakinsa yana toka, yana da kyau. Kwakwalwa cylindrical, sau da yawa convex daga sama. Fuka fuka-fukan suna dafe da yawa, yawanci m, dan kadan mai haske, wani lokacin duhu a gindi, a kolin ko a gefen reshe, ba sau da yawa duhu akan duk jirgin sama, tare da launin shuɗi-murfin shuɗi. Kafafu suna gudana, an kakkaɓe su, dauke da makamai, hakora da maƙarya. A paws koyaushe 5-kashi. An zauna a ciki, kashi na farko ana bayanin shi da kirji tare da dukkan jirgin saman giciye. Kashi na goma ya ragu, kuma na takwas da na tara sune suka zama dandamali da jakar ovipositor.

Qwai fari fari m-elongated tare da translucent na roba kwasfa. Larvae farare ne mai launin shuɗi, silili, ɗan S-ቅርፅ, mai shimfiɗa a gefen ventral, tare da nau'i uku na ƙafafun da ke ciki da baya kuma tare da kyakkyawan matakan a ƙarshen bayan ciki.

Yin amfani da ovipositor, mace ta murɗa haushi kuma ta sanya ƙwai a cikin itace don guda 1-3. a wuri guda tare da tsiri tare da gangar jikin. Ovipositor na cattail yana tunatar da rawar soja da ake amfani da shi a aikin ƙasa. Ya ƙunshi fuka-fukai biyu, waɗanda a cikinsu akwai yankewar abubuwa da kuma juji tare da haƙoran haƙora da tashoshi. Mace tana shigar da ovipositor a cikin itace kusan ta lalace a gindin itacen zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm kuma ta fadi rami don kwai, ta ɓoye mintuna 3-5 akan wannan aikin. Mafi kyawun sawun da aka kirkira a cikin wannan tsari ana watsa shi ta hanyar tashar tashoshin wannan rawar dirka ta asali. Na farko, ana tattara su ta hanyar “sawdust” kuma nan da nan aka canza su zuwa “sawdust transmitter”, daga inda suka shiga “sawdust”, wadanda suke fitarwa zuwa waje.

A wannan wurin akwati inda aka ajiye adawar na cattail, kawai an sami kwararar zuriya mai sauƙi. Sakamakon haka, abu ne mai wuya a gano kasancewar ƙwai da larva na horntail a itace. Larvae yi hadaddun motsi a cikin akwati, densely clogged tare da rawar soja gari, kuma pupate a 1-2 shekaru, bayan da wani kwari kwari tasowa da kuma gnaws wani zagaye zagaye rami a cikin itace tare da jaws, ta hanyar abin da ta bar itace don aboki da kuma qwai.

Cragtails tashi daga Yuni zuwa Satumba. Generation 1-2 shekaru. Manya ba sa wuce ƙarin abinci.

Oxtails suna yin mummunar lalacewa ta fasaha, galibi suna jan kusan dukkanin katako na itacen itace. Fatattun bishiyoyi suna daɗaɗɗe, amma yawancin jinsuna suna aiki sosai kuma suna iya kaiwa hari a fili bishiyoyi masu lafiya, suna zaɓan tsummoki tare da lalacewa na inji. Hanyar da take ɓoyewa yana sa ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa marasa galibi don yin nazari kuma saboda haka ba a san asalin ilmin nau'ikan halittu da yawa ba. Koyaya, an gano cewa asarar rayukansu a cikin itace yana da alaƙa da tasirin yanayin yanayi (yanayin zafi yana haifar da tsawan gangar jikin gangar jikin, da dai sauransu) da abokan gaba. Daga cikin su, manyan ichneumonids na halittar Rhyssa da goro Ibalia leucospoides Hoch sun fi tasiri.

Black and blue cattail (Sirex ermak Sem.). Jikinsa yayi kauri, siriri. Shugaban, kirji da ciki baki ne da launin shuɗi. Tsawon jikin mace shine 15-25 mm, kuma na namiji shine 15 mm mm. Tsutsa fari fari, silili, tare da kashin bayan kashin ciki.

An rarraba shi a cikin gandun daji na Siiga. Yana lalata larch, fir, spruce, Pine. Yana mamaye kayayyakin daji a cikin shagunan ajiya da wuraren yankan yanki, yana mayar da shi mara amfani. Rayuwar rayuwa tana kama da wacce ta gabata.

Black cattail (Xeris bakan. L.). Jikin na bakin ciki ne, dogaye, elongated, silili. Launin jiki baki ne. Kafafu suna launin ja-ja, ciki mai launin ruwan kasa-baki. Fuka-fukan fikafikan rawaya tare da launin toka tare da gefen kuɗin reshe. Ovipositor yana da tsawo, fiye da sau 1.5 fiye da jiki. Tsawon mace (ba tare da ovipositor) shine 15-30 mm, maza 12-28 mm. Tsutsa fari ne, silili, da ɗan ƙanƙantar da shi, ɓangaren farji na ciki yana ɗaukar m, guguwar ƙwayar cuta.

Tsarin ya yadu cikin USSR, musamman a Carpathians, Siberiya da Gabas mai nisa. Yana lalata fir, tsiro, itacen al'ul na Siberiya. Rayuwar rayuwar iri ɗaya ce kamar yadda a cikin nau'ikan da suka gabata. A zahiri ya girbi itace da aka girbe kwance a wani wuri mai haske a kan shinge da yankan yanki, yana mai mayar da shi mara amfani don amfanin fasaha.

Anyi nazari sosai game da wutsiya. Sabili da haka, mahimmancin su azaman kwari galibi ba a yin la'akari da su. Mafi shahara babban Birch cattail (Tremex fusticornis L.). Kwaro yana da rauni. Tsawon mace shine 20-40 mm, namiji shine 18-30 mm. Jikin yana silili. Shugaban da kirji sun zama mara nauyi, mai launi iri - daga Baki zuwa ja. Kafafu suna ja. Matti na ciki, rawaya tare da baki baki dayan tsakiya. Ovipositor ya fi guntu sama da ciki, ba tare da appendix ba. Namiji ya bambanta sosai da mace cikin launin fatar jiki. Tsutsa yana fari-launin fari, silili, tare da gajeru (har 4 mm) kashin ja mai launin ja a ƙarshen jiki.

Wannan nau'in ya yaɗu cikin USSR. Jirgin zai tashi ne daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba. Ganiya mafi yawanci yakan faru ne a watan Agusta. Matar lays qwai a cikin farfajiya na Layer ya raunana Birch itace. Larvae shiga cikin itace kuma, a shekaru tsufa, lay manyan giciye-sashe sassa tare da gangar jikin, densely clogged tare da farin gilashi rawar soja rawar soja gari. Karin karatuttukan daliban ba su nan. Jirgin ruwan da ya fito daga cikin pupa gnaw fitar da hanya zuwa farfajiyar akwati kuma an zaɓi su ta hanyar zagaye jirgin sama zagaye. Shekaru biyu. Abu ne mai hatsarin gaske kwaro na Birch a shelbelts, fadama Birch gandun daji kuma idan akwai wani defoliation na Birch tare da ganye-cin karin kwari. Yana sanya itace mara amfani kuma yana buɗe hanyar kamuwa da cuta ta fungal. Kodayake, itace da aka suturta itace ta zama adadi mai yawa.

Bayyanar cattails

Wadannan beetles suna da jiki mai tsayi na dindindin. Gaban jikin ta yayi nuni. Mata suna da bayyane bayyananniya, dogo ovipositor.

Larva na cattail.

Larvae suna cylindrical ne a sifa, dan kadan kamar yadda harafin S. Launi yake a bayyane. Larvae suna da nau'i-nau'i nau'i uku na kafaffun pectoral. A bayan ciki shine aiwatar da matakan ɗari.

Babban cattail coniferous

Wadannan kwari suna lalata bishiyoyi na kowane nau'in coniferous, amma mafi yawan lokuta sun fi son Pine da spruce. Wasu lokuta sukan kai hari ga bishiyoyi masu lalacewa, kamar ash, Birch da poplar. Yakan zauna akan bishiyoyi masu rauni, iska ta sare su ko kuma ta sare. Lalacewa na inji da gwoza ba ya haifar da mutuwar itace, amma suna ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kamuwa da cuta. Itace wanda ya kamu da babban cattail coniferous ana ɗauka wanda bai dace da ginin ba. Wannan nau'in ya yaɗu.

Oxtails kwari ne na conifers.

Wutsiyar cattail mai balagaggu tana zaune kusan kwana 7, amma kada ku ciyar. Launin jikin gwoza baki ne, kuma fuka-fukan suna da launin shuɗi. Don fita daga itacen, wani tsohuwar ƙwaro irin ƙwaro tana haƙa rami a ciki game da santimita 7 a ƙasan.

Mace tana busar da itacen tare da ovipositor kuma tana sanya ƙwai zuwa zurfin kusan 2 santimita. Oneaya mace tana kawowa daga ƙwai 50 zuwa 350. Qwai yakan inganta tsawon wata guda. Larvae ta fito daga garesu, wanda da farko suna ciyar da itace mai laushi lokacin bazara, sannan zasuyi zurfafa zurfi, sannan kuma suka sake tashi zuwa saman dajin. Matsalar da aka toshe tare da gari ya ci gaba da fadadawa kuma ya ƙare tare da shimfiɗar jariri.

Cattails suna motsawa a cikin itace, suna lalata akwati.

Lokaci na lardin yana ɗaukar shekaru 2-3. Pupation na larvae na faruwa ko dai a ƙarshen bazara ko a lokacin rani. Pupa kyauta, an rufe shi da kauri. Matsayin dalibi yana ɗaukar kwanaki 7-27.

Barkwancin Pine cattail

Wadannan kwari kwari ba kawai mutuwa da rauni itatuwa, amma sau da yawa wanda aka iya yiwuwa itatuwa. Sakamakon haka, a shekara mai zuwa sukan bushe, musamman don bishiyoyin da aka shuka. Blue Pine cattail yana lalata larch, spruce da sauran bishiyoyi. Kwaro ya fi son bishiyoyi tare da haushi. Sau da yawa waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna tare da bishiyoyin Pine. Ana iya ganin abubuwan da ke tattare da irin ƙwaro daga waje, a cewar su ana iya fahimtar cewa itaciyar ta kamu da cutar.

Tailings fi son murfin bakin ciki.

Lalacewa ta hanyar blue Pine horntail ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Ta hanyar kai hari ga bishiyoyi masu rai, cattail ya zama ba fasaha ba, amma kwaro ne na ilimin dabbobi. Wadannan irin ƙwaro suna bazu ko'ina a cikin bishiyoyin coniferous; ana samun su da guda ɗaya a Polesie.

Cine cineil mai launin shuɗi yana tashi daga Yuni zuwa Agusta. Femaleaya mace ta kawo ƙwai 350-480, yayin da suke ajiye su cikin guda 2.

Oxtails kuma yana kwayar cutar bishiyoyi.

Kudin waɗannan kwari suna sanya wurare a cikin siffar madaukai a cikin itace. Namomin kaza suna girma a cikin sassan, wanda ke sauƙaƙa tsarin ciyar da larvae. Tsutsa tsutsa ya dawo saman dutsen daga inda yake pupates.

A kan bishiyoyi masu lalacewa, nazarin halittun waɗannan kwari ba a binciken shi sosai, sabili da haka, lahanin cutarwarsu bai ragu ba. Daga cikin kwari mai lalacewa, shahararren shine birch cattail. Wadannan cattails suna zaune a cikin ƙaramin ɗan birni.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.