Daya daga cikin halittun dabbobi masu ban mamaki. black tapir. Tapirs manyan herbivores ne daga umarnin artiodactyl. Suna kama da alade a kamannin su, amma, suna da gangar jikin kamar giwa. Akwai wata tatsuniya game da tapirs wanda mahaliccin ya kirkiro wadannan dabbobin daga sauran sassan jikin sauran dabbobi, kuma wannan tatsuniya tana da kyakkyawan dalili.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Black tapir
Alamar Tapirus (Black-eyed tapir) mallakar mulkin dabba ce, nau'in chordata, dabbobi masu shayarwa sune tsari irin na yau da kullun, dangin tapir, nau'in halittar dabbobi, da nau'in-tapir. Tapirs dabbobi ne masu ban mamaki sosai. Kakannin farko na tapi sun rayu akan duniyarmu shekaru miliyan 30 da suka gabata, amma, tapirs ɗin na zamani basu da bambanci da kakanninsu. Kafin zamanin kankara, an san mutanen tapi sun rayu a Turai, Arewacin Amurka da China.
Yau akwai nau'ikan taksi 3 kawai:
- Mexir tapir (wannan nau'in yana zaune a yankuna daga kudancin Mexico zuwa Ekwado),
- Braziil (yankuna yankuna daga Paraguay zuwa Columbia),
- Highland Tapir yana zaune a Kolombiya da Ecuador. An lullube tsaf tsaunin dutse da farin ulu.
Tapirs kamar ɗan alade ne ko doki. Legsafar Tapir suna kama da ƙafafun doki. Hannu biyu na kafafu suna da yatsun kafa uku a kafafun kafa, da yatsunsu huɗu a gaban. Kuma a kan kafafu kuma akwai corns kamar doki. Tapirs suna da jiki babba da ya fi yawa, ƙaramin kai wanda a da akwai akwati mai motsi. Waɗannan dabbobin an haife su a cikin launi iri ɗaya wanda kakanninsu suke rayuwa a ciki: streaƙƙarfan haske yana ƙetare fagen duhu kuma yana daga kai zuwa wuƙa.
An bambanta black tapir ta kasancewar baya da bangarorin babban wuri mai haske akan ulu. A shekara ta 1919, sanannen masanin binciken burbushin halittu, Georges Cuvier, yayi wata sanarwa cewa kimiyya ce ta gano duk manyan dabbobi, duk da haka, bayan wasu 'yan shekaru ya kara wani dabba mai ban mamaki a cikin aikin sa na "Tarihin Halitta" - tapira.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Black tapir a yanayi
Black tapir shine mafi girma nau'in cikin dangin tapir. Tsawon jiki daga mita 1.9 zuwa 2.5. Tsawon dabbar a wurin mayun daga 0.8 zuwa 1 mita. Yaro yayi nauyi daga kilo 245 zuwa 330. Koyaya, an sami daidaikun mutane masu nauyin rabin tan. A wannan yanayin, mata sun fi maza girma. Za a iya bambance shingles daga wasu nau'in ta babban farin tabo a bayan da shima ya gangaro zuwa bangarorin. Launin launi na ulu na tapir shine launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko baƙi.
Akwai farin kan iyaka a ƙarshen kunnuwa. Lokacin haihuwa, cuban sandunan suna da launi mai laushi, kuma a cikin watanni 7 kawai launin ya canza kuma aka samar da babbar farin tabo a kan mayafin. Mayafin a cikin dabbobi na wannan nau'in gajere ne. Fatar ta yi kauri da kauri. A kan yadu da kai, fata yana da kauri musamman, wannan yana kiyaye tapir daga rauni.
Ina baƙar fata tapir ke zaune?
Hoto: Black tapir a Thailand
A cikin daji, ana yin tapi a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, kuma waɗannan dabbobi masu ban mamaki kuma ana iya samun su a cikin tsakiyar da kuma kudancin lardin Thailand, a Malesiya, Miami, har ma a tsibirin Sumatra. A cikin adadi kaɗan, ana iya samun waɗannan dabbobin a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a kudancin Kambodiya da Vietnam. Tapirs suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu daɗin rai.
Sun zabi wuraren da akwai yawancin ciyayi masu yawa kuma inda zaku iya ɓoyewa daga idanun masu tsinkaye. Daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan yayin zabar wurin zama shine kasancewar reshe. Tapirs suna iyo sosai kuma suna ciyar da rayuwarsu cikin ruwa, basu yarda da zafi ba kuma suna cin yawancin rana a cikin tafki. Lokacin yin iyo, ƙananan kifaye kuma suna haɗe da waɗannan dabbobin, suna tsabtace gashin dabbar daga gurɓataccen fata.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tsakanin tapi na baƙar fata, akwai yawancin mutane masu launin baki gaba ɗaya, waɗanda ake kira melanists. Baya ga canza launi, ba su da bambanci da sauran wakilan wannan nau'in. Shekarun tapirs sunkai shekaru 30.
Dabbobi suna ƙoƙari kada su fita zuwa filayen kwari da wuraren buɗe ido saboda suna da maƙiya da yawa duk da girman su. Tigers da zakuna, anacondas da sauran sauran magabatansu suna mafarkin cin naman tapir. Saboda haka, tapirs suna haifar da rayuwa ta sirri, suna yawo a cikin gandun daji da daddare, da dare launinsu ya zama nau'in rikicewa, tunda cikin duhu magabaci ba zai iya bambance muryoyin dabbobi da ganin kawai farin tabo ba, irin wannan yaudarar gani tana ceton tapirs daga mafarauta.
Yanzu kun san inda baki tapir yake. Bari mu ga abin da ya ci.
Menene baƙar fata tapir ke ci?
Hoto: Red Book Tapir
Abincin Tapir ya kunshi:
- ganyayyaki daban-daban
- 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari
- berries
- rassa da rassan bushes,
- gansakuka, namomin kaza da lichens,
- ciyawa da algae.
Yawancin duk mutanen tapi suna son gishiri, ana karɓar shi sau da yawa a jikin su, tapi ɗin na iya yin nisa don bincika wannan maganin. Suna kuma buƙatar cin alli da yumɓu, waɗannan abubuwan ingantattun abubuwa ne ingantaccen tushen abubuwan gano abubuwa. Yayinda yan tapi na cikin ruwa, suna kwashe algae da gangar jikin su, suna ci duno, kuma suna datse rassan daga bishiyoyin da ambaliyar ta shafa. Tapir yana da kyakkyawan daidaitawa don hakar abinci - gangar jikin. Tare da gangar jikin, tapir ya dauko ganye da 'ya'yan itace daga bishiyoyi ya sa a bakinsa.
Duk da cewa suna da ƙarfi, tapi suna da dabbobi marasa ƙarfi kuma a lokacin fari zasu iya yin balaguro mai zurfi don neman abinci. A wasu wurare, waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi masu kwantar da hankali suna iya haifar da babbar illa. Tapirs za su iya tattakewa su ci ganye da rassa a kan tsire-tsire inda bishiyoyin cakulan suke girma, suma waɗannan dabbobin basu da banbanci ga sukari, mangoes da kankana, kuma suna iya cutar da tsiro na waɗannan tsirrai. A cikin bauta, ana ciyar da taksi iri ɗaya kamar aladu. Tapirs suna son jin daɗin biredi da kayan lemo daban-daban. Zasu iya cin hatsi, alkama, da sauran fruitsa cerean hatsi da kayan lambu iri-iri.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Black tapir
A cikin daji, 'yan tapi suna da dabbobi na sirrin rayuwa, suna rayuwa ne da babu irin sa. A cikin rana, waɗannan dabbobin suna kashe kusan duk ranar a cikin ruwa. A can suke ɓoyewa daga mafarautan, da rana mai zafi. Kuma wadannan dabbobin ba koyaushe suke yin watsi da wuraren wanka na laka ba, wannan yana kubutar da su daga cututtukan dabbobi da ke zaune a kan gashinsu, yana kuma ba wa dabbobi ni daɗin daɗi. Tapirs suna iyo sosai, gami da ruwa, suna iya samun abincin kansu a can. Jin hatsarin, tapir na iya nutsewa cikin ruwa kuma dan wani lokaci bai bayyana a saman ba.
A dare, tapirs suna yawo dazuzzuka don neman abinci. Wadannan dabbobi ba su cika gani sosai ba, amma ana iya rama gani da kyau ta kyakkyawan wari da taɓawa, a cikin duhu ana jin su da ƙanshi. 'Yan tawaye suna da kunya sosai, suna jin kararraki ko suna jin cewa dabba zata iya farautarsa, cikin sauri ya gudu. Da rana, suna kokarin kar su fita daga cikin lamuran ko ruwa, don kar su zama ganima ga maharbi.
Tapirs suna jagorancin rayuwar rayuwa ne kawai, togiya tana faruwa ne kawai a lokacin tarawar, yayin da namiji ya sadu da mace ta haihu kuma ta haihu. A wasu lokutan, dabbobi kan nuna halin dangi ga dangin su, ba a barin su zuwa yankin su, koda a lokacin hijira ne, masu tapi suna yin hijira ko guda biyu daga namiji da mace. Don sadarwa da juna, tapirs suna fitar da sauti masu daɗi irin na kuwwa. Bayan ganin dan uwan nasa kusa da shi, tapir zaiyi iya kokarinsa dan fitar dashi daga yankin sa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: tapirs an haɓaka ta tunani tare da alade na gida. Duk da gaskiyar cewa a cikin daji, waɗannan dabbobin suna nuna halayen mugunta, suna hanzarin samun rayuwa cikin bauta, fara yin biyayya ga mutane da fahimtar su.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Black tapir cub
Lokacin damuna na tapirs yana faduwa a ƙarshen bazara, galibi wannan shine ƙarshen watan Afrilu - Mayu. Amma wani lokacin akwai a watan Yuni. A zaman talala, tapi suna shirye don kiwo a shekara. Kafin dabbar ta hanyar canjin, tapi suna da wasannin wasan kwaikwayo na zahiri: dabbobi suna yin sautsi mai da yawa, daga waɗannan sautin mace na iya samun namiji a cikin gandun daji, kuma namiji mace. Yayin balaguro, dabbobin suna jujjuya juna, suna ciji juna, kuma suna yin amo.
Wanda ya kirkirar dabbar ta hanyar canjin mace ce. Mahaifiyar yarinyar tana da tsawo kuma tana kasancewa har zuwa kwanaki 410. Ainihi, cubaya ne kawai ana haihuwa a cikin tapirs, ba kasafai ake haihuwar tagwaye ba. Mace tana kula da thean ta, tana ciyar da shi kuma yana kiyaye shi daga haɗari.
Bayan haihuwa, ɗan ya zauna a cikin wani ɗan lokaci, amma a lokacin da ya kai mako ɗaya sai ɗan ya fara tafiya tare da mahaifiyarsa. Taanan tapirs suna da launi mai tsini na kariya, wanda zai canza akan lokaci. A cikin watanni shida na farko, mace tana ciyar da ɗan tare da madara; a tsawon lokaci, cuban yakan sauya don shuka abincin da yake farawa daga tsirrai, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da ciyawa mai laushi. 'Ya'yan tapir suna girma da sauri kuma a cikin watanni shida matasa tapir ya zama girman girma. Tapirs suna shirye don kiwo tun yana da shekaru 3-4.
Abokan halitta na baki tapir
Hoto: Black tapir a yanayi
Waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin da ke cikin daji suna da abokan gaba da yawa. Babban maqiyan tapi sun hada da:
Daga manyan masu farautar cat cat tapirs na ɓoye a cikin ruwa, kamar yadda waɗannan dabbobin basa son ruwa. Amma a cikin ruwan tapirs wani haɗarin yana jira - waɗannan sune karnukan ruwa da anacondas. Yankuna da sauri suna farauta da kyau a cikin ruwa kuma yana da wahala a ceci tapir daga hannun wadannan mafarautan.
Amma babban makiyin tapirs ya kasance kuma ya kasance mutum. Mutane ne da ke sare dazuzzukan da a ciki suke tapi. Wadannan dabbobin marasa talauci basu da wurin zama, saboda a wuraren buɗe su nan da nan suka zama ganima ga masu farauta, bugu da ƙari, ta sare gandun daji, mutum yana toshe waɗannan dabbobin daga mahimman abinci. Hakanan kuma a cikin yankuna da yawa mutane sun lalata tapirs don kiyaye girbin.
An san cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna cutar da amfanin gona da tsiro na 'ya'yan itace da bishiyoyin mako na Pancake, don haka mutane sukan kwashe tapi ɗin idan sun ga cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna zama kusa da amfanin gona. Duk da cewa an hana farauta a wannan lokacin, ana ci gaba da hallaka wadannan dabbobi saboda ana daukar abincin tapir a matsayin ababen cin abinci na gaske, kuma ana sanya reins da karin kwari daga dabbar dabbobi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan jama'ar da ke cikin tapir ya ragu sosai saboda mutane, kuma wannan nau'in na gab da karewa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: pairan wando biyu na baƙa
Sakamakon cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kusan an yanke kusan 50% na gandun daji a cikin mazaunin tapir, kuma dazukan da suka tsira sun fi karfin tapi, adadin dabbobi ya ragu sosai. A wuraren da wa annan dabbobin ke zama, kasha 10% ne kawai na gandun da suka cancanci tapi. Kari akan haka, mutane sukan fatattaki dabbobi don su lalatar da kuma lalata amfanin gona. Dabbobi sukan kashe ko raunata su ta hanyar sakaci yayin da suke so su fitar da su daga tsirrai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan tapir ya hau cikin gonaki da wasu yankuna da karnuka ke kiyaye shi, idan kare ya kare, to amma yan tapi ba su gudu ba, amma suna nuna zalunci. Idan tapir ya kori karnukan zuwa kusurwa, zai iya fara cizo da kai hari. Kari akan haka, tapir, jin hadari, na iya kaiwa hari ga mutum.
Har zuwa yau, jinsin Tapirus alama baki na tapir an jera shi a cikin littafin Red kuma yana da matsayin wata nau'in halitta mai haɗari. Dokar farautar dabbobi ta wannan nau'in haramun ce, amma, 'yan ci ranin sun lalata tapi a cikin adadi mai yawa. Tapirs suna da haɗari musamman yayin ƙaura, lokacin da aka tilasta su shiga wuraren buɗe.
Idan mutane ba su daina sare gandun daji da farautar tapi ba, nan da nan dabbobin ba za su kasance ba. Yawancin tapi a yanzu suna zaune a cikin kariyar da ake kiyayewa, amma waɗannan dabbobin suna kiwo kadan. Abu ne mai wahala sosai a iya tantance ainihin adadin tapi a cikin daji saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbobi suna rayuwa da rayuwa mai rufin asiri. Bugu da kari, tapi na iya yin ƙaura daga mazauninsu na yau da kullun don neman abinci, kuma samun sabon wuri na iya zama da wahala.
Kariya na black tapir
Hoto: Red Book Tapir
Wata babbar barazana ga yawan jinsunan shine lalata gandun daji na wurare masu zafi inda yan tapi ke zaune. Don tallafawa yawan jama'ar tapir a Nicaragua, Thailand da sauran ƙasashe da yawa, an haramta farauta a matakin majalisa. Don yin yaƙi da masu fafutikar, an ƙara ƙarin sojojin. An kirkiro ajiyar wurare inda waɗannan dabbobin ke rayuwa cikin nasara tare da nasara. Wannan filin Nicaragua National Park inda ake yin kiwo. Hakanan a cikin Nicaragua akwai ajiyar kaya a gabar tekun Caribbean, wanda ya mamaye yankin kusan kadada 700.
Tapirs suna zaune a tsakiyar ajiyar Surim, yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 16,000 na gandun daji kusa da Caribbean, Parksberg National Park. Kuma a cikin sauran ajiyar abubuwa da yawa. A can, dabbobi suna jin daɗi kuma suna kawo zuriya. Bugu da kari, ana yin buge da yatsan a cikin gidan zoos a duk faɗin duniya, har ma a ƙasarmu ana yin tapirs da yawa a Zoo na Moscow.
A cikin zaman talala, suna jin daɗin rayuwa, da sauri za su iya fahimtar da mutane kuma suna ba da damar kulawa da su. Amma, ban da waɗannan matakan, yana da mahimmanci a dakatar da lalata ciyayi a cikin mazaunan waɗannan dabbobi. In ba haka ba, tapirs ɗin za su mutu kawai. Bari mu kula da yanayi tare, mu kula da dabbobi da mazauninsu. Wajibi ne a samar da wasu wuraren ajiyar dabbobi, wuraren shakatawa a cikin mazaunan wadannan dabbobin kuma a samar da yanayi don rayuwar dabbobi.
Black tapir mai kwantar da hankali da dabba mai rufin asiri. A cikin daji, wadannan talakawa dole ne kullun su ɓuya daga mafarauta da mafarauta. Yana da matukar wahala a bijiro da halayen dabbobi na yau da kullun saboda dabbobi kusan ba su yiwuwa su waƙa cikin daji. Kimiyya ta zamani ba ta da ɗan sani game da waɗannan dabbobin da suka gabata, kuma za mu iya nazarin halayen waɗannan tapi waɗanda mutane da ke zaman bauta. An lura cewa hatta manyan duwatsun daji, tunda suka aminta lafiya, sun daina zama mai zafin rai kuma mutane suna da kyau sosai.
