Burbot din yana da jiki mara nauyi da mara nauyi, a cikin baya yana matse jiki sosai daga bangarorin, a gaban shi galibi akasin haka ne - zagaye. Bakin yana da girma, akwai gashin baki a goge, akwai kuma wasu must must a saman muƙamuƙi. Idanun suna kanana, shugaban kan lebur ne. Launin burbot ya bambanta, yawanci akwai launin ruwan kasa ko baki da launin toka. Tare da shekaru, burbot yana haskakawa. Akwai shimfidu masu haske a bangarorin, girman su da siffarsu kuma zasu iya bambanta. Insarshe, kamar ciki, suna da haske.

Launin burbot ya dogara da sigogin ruwa (bayyananniya, haske), launi da haɗin ƙasa, da sauran abubuwan da ba su da mahimmanci. A kowane hali, ba zai yiwu a rikitar da burbot tare da wani kifi ba, tunda ya bambanta da kowa.

Gidajen duniya suna da faɗi sosai - Waɗannan duka lamurori ne, arewacin 40 latitude. Tana zaune kusan daukacin yankin Eurasia, wanda ake samu a Alaska. Koyaya, a kudu nesa da burbot yana rayuwa, karami zai kasance, wannan ya faru ne saboda yanayin rayuwar sa, wanda zamuyi magana akan ƙasa.

Burbot yana da ƙyallen ƙyallen biyu: gaban ya gajarta, baya ya daɗe, ya na iya zama daidai da rabin tsawon kifin. Fin fin din ma yana da tsayi kuma kusan yayi daidai da ƙarancin cikin. Karatun caudal yana da nau'i mai zagaye.

Rayuwa & Habitat

Burbot shine ɗayan manyan kifi a cikin kifin. Dubban masunta suna jiran masu lokacin bazara ne kawai don fara farautar farauta. Lallai, wannan kifi an bambanta shi da girmansa da nauyinsa, kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka tabbatar hoto na burbot, kuma naman sa ba shi da arha, wanda ke bawa masunta kyakkyawar dama don samun kuɗi mai kyau.

Habitat da fasali

Burbot kifi yana da dogon kunkuntar jiki ba tare da sikeli da tabo ba, launin ruwan kasa. Girman girma da launi na tabo a cikin kowane mutum na musamman ne kuma baya maimaitawa. A gaban, jiki yana da elongated da kunkuntar, kuma a cikin baya an zagaye sosai.

Wannan yana ba ku damar cimma ƙarancin juriya na ruwa yayin motsi mai sauri kuma yana ba da damar burbot yayi zurfin motsawa ko da a cikin kwarara mai zuwa kuma don ɓoye ɓoye cikin wurare na duwatsu da duwatsun.

Shugaban burbot ɗin kunkuntar ƙasa ne, yana da sihiri mara nauyi. Bakin ya girma sosai. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa dattijo ya ci ƙananan kifaye. Hakoran Chitinous suna ba da damar tauna abinci kafin haɗiye.

Chitin antennae suna aiki azaman ƙarin gabobin taɓawa. Akwai gajere biyu da tsayi guda; duk ukun suna kan gaban kai. Wannan yana ba su damar yin iyo a cikin duhu, ba tare da hangen nesa ba. Kari akan haka, daidaikun mutane suna da karamin girman girman ido, don haka wannan nau'in kifin ba shi da ikon gani.

Burbot - Wannan kifi ne da ke rayuwa a keɓe kawai a cikin tsarkakakken ruwa. Af, wannan shine kawai kifi na kwandon shara da ke da wannan dukiya, saboda haka burbot mafi yawanci ana gani a ciki koguna. Amma ba za ku iya samun burbot a cikin kowane jikin ruwa ba: ya zama dole ruwan ya tsarkaka, bayyane kuma ana sabunta shi koyaushe.

Bottomashin ƙasa mai laka zai kuma zama cikas ga rayuwa da haifuwa na burbot: ya zama dole ya kasance yashi, dutse da ba ƙazanta da datti, kwalabe da sauran halayen kasancewar mutum.

Abincin Burbot da abinci da rayuwa

Burbot yana da aiki mai canzawa a duk shekara. Ayyukanta kai tsaye ya dogara da zafin jiki na ruwa da mazauninsa. Misali, idan lokacin rani ya yi zafi musamman lokacin sanyi, kuma lokacin hunturu yana da zafi sosai, ba za a iya jira komai ba don irin wannan yanayin.

A wani yanayi mai tsauri musamman, mai yiwuwa mahaukacin ya yi ruwan sanyi har sai yanayin ruwan ya zama mai rauni matuka. Koyaya, koda a cikin irin wannan jinkiri, burbot ya ci gaba da ciyarwa, kodayake ba kamar yadda yake a cikin lokacin rayuwa ba.

Kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, a cikin yankuna na arewacin lokacin aiki ya fi tsayi fiye da sauran. Lokacin ciyarwa shima ya daɗe sosai, saboda haka suna girma cikin sauri da sauri kuma suna daɗaɗa da ƙarfi.

Narkewa mai aiki a cikin burbot yana farawa ne kawai a lokacin zafin jiki na ruwa kasa da digiri goma na zafi, saboda haka, aiki mafi girma burbot farfado a cikin hunturu. A zahiri, saboda yawan narkewar abinci, yunwar tana faruwa da wuri, kuma burbot tana neman abinci.

Akasin haka, a cikin zafi kifin ya ta'allaka ne a ƙasa yana jira don mafi kyawun lokuta, kuma a zafin jiki na ruwa kusa da digiri 30, ya mutu duka.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Lokacin rayuwar burbot ya kai shekaru 24. Fewan shekarun farko na rayuwa suna ciyar da soya, ƙaramin plank da sauran mazaunan ruwa na cikin ruwa.

Daga nan sai a fara sauyawa zuwa tsarin abincin kifi. A lokaci guda, farauta ana yin sa ne sau da yawa a cikin dare, wanda ke ba ka damar iya jan kifin da kyau tare da sauti da ƙaiƙayi.

Game da kiwo, burbot spawn a matsakaita sau biyu zuwa biyar a rayuwarsu. Haka kuma, shekarun farawar ikon haifuwa na iya zama daban kuma ya dogara da yankin mazauninsu kuma ya dauki shekaru 2 zuwa 8. Abin lura shi ne cewa akwai madaidaiciyar rabo tsakanin wurin da yankin da kuma lokacin balaga: arewacin mazauninsu, mafi girma wannan shekarun.

Burbot spawning Yana wucewa har zuwa watanni shida kuma yana wucewa yayin da yanayin ruwa yake ƙanƙantar da kusan kusan digiri 0, don haka yana iya samun haɗari a cikin yankuna da yankuna na arewacin. Wintering yana faruwa a wurare tare da tsabtataccen ruwa mai gudana, yashi mai tsabta ko duwatsu masu yawa da ƙananan ƙanƙara.

Burbot kamun kifi

Kama burbot yana gudana daidai da yardar rai a duka hunturu da bazara. Game da, yadda ake kama burbot, masanan masanan kwararru sun san da kyau: kuna buƙatar sanin wuraren da ya fi dacewa ku kama wannan kifin. Sannan, a cewarsu, cizo zai faru sau da yawa, ba tare da la’akari da irin ƙungiyar da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su ba. Akwai kuma tunanin cewa mafi tsada da kamun kifin da ba matsala, hakan shine damar samun nasara.

Sanin fasalin burbot, ya isa kawai a ɗan ɗan taƙaitaccen yanke hukunci wanda zai taimaka masuniyar fahimtar fasalin kamun kifin. Farko na farko - kama lokacin da yayi sanyi.

Kamar yadda aka sani, mutane suna fuskantar babban aiki kuma musamman matsananciyar yunwar daga Oktoba zuwa Mayu. Koyaya, a cikin yankuna na arewacin, inda har ma a lokacin rani zazzabi da wuya yakan tashi a ƙasa da sifili, har ma a watan Yuli akwai damar don babban kama.

Kyakkyawan lokacin rana dare ne. Idan kun fara kamun kifi tare da fara duhu, idan sanyi ya zo kuma sautin yau da kullun ya daina, kifin zai fito daga mafaka yana neman abinci kuma zai hadiye da ƙashin kofofin. Za'a lura da ganuwar aiki har zuwa 5 na safe, sannan ya kamata a dakatar da kamun kifi.

Hakanan ma wani muhimmin lokacin zai kasance daidai zaɓi na kayan aiki masu mahimmanci. A lokacin rani, yin amfani da sandar mashin ƙasa zai zama mafi mashahuri tsakanin masunta. Koyaya koyaushe kamun kifi na burbot ci gaba da zubewa harda daɗaɗa tsalle-tsalle.

Kuna iya kama burbot duka a lokacin kamun kifi da kuma lokacin bazara.

Abokin burbot ya fi son yin kamun kifi na bait, amma idan ya zama dole don jan hankalin youngeran matasa, zai fi kyau amfani da soya ko da tsutsa kamar ƙura. Wani madadin yin raye-raye na iya zama mormyshka ko baubles. Babban abin magana shine cewa ta kwaikwayi ƙungiyar rayuwa kamar yadda take a wuri-wuri kuma tana yin amo.

Kifi na lokacin hunturu shine babban kuma mafi ingantacciyar hanyar kamun kifi. Idan a lokacin rani yakan fito daga jirgin ruwa (tunda ana amfani da baubles), to hunturu burbot ana kama su ta musamman akan raye-raye, ta hanyar ramuka da aka ambata a kan kankara.

Kamar yadda sandunan kamun kifi suke amfani da sandunan kamun kifi na rataye ko kuma sarƙa. Daga ƙarshen burbot, zaku iya jawo hankalin kararrawa ko haske mai kaifi daga fitila. A lokacin bazara, ana iya gina wuta mai wuta don waɗannan dalilai.

Farashin Burbot

Gaban mazaunin burbot yana buƙatar isasshen adadin abubuwan, wanda tare, ke haifar da yanayi mai kyau na rayuwar wannan kifin. Koyaya, ingancin ruwa da tsabta daga ƙasa kusan ko'ina suna barin abubuwa da yawa.

Sabili da haka, kwanan nan, ƙididdiga a fili suna nuna raguwa a cikin yawan jama’ar burbot a Rasha sau da yawa. Wannan yana nuna cewa burbot a matsayin tushen abinci kuma kayan da ake buƙata a cikin yawancin kifayen kifi suna zama ƙara ƙanƙantala kuma kayayyaki masu tsada.

Burbot nama na da tamanin gaske kuma asalinsu ne na yawancin bitamin. Yadda zaka dafa burbot Wannan daidai ne, kawai ƙwararrun chefs sani. Burbotdafa shi a cikin tanda - Wannan shine ɗayan mafi tsada a cikin gidajen abinci. Ko da na dillali ne mai siyarwa, kilogram ɗaya yana biyan kusan 800 rubles.

Abincin gaske shine burbot hanta. Wannan samfurin yana da dandano mai ƙayatarwa musamman kuma masoya na jita-jita na kifin suna godiya sosai. Ana sayar da hanta Burbot a cikin karamin gwangwani a cikin man na musamman kuma ana adana shi koyaushe a ƙarƙashin yanayi na musamman.

Farashin irin wannan samfurin yana kan matsakaici sau biyar zuwa bakwai sama da na burbot kanta kuma a halin yanzu yana tsaye kusan 1,000 rubles a cikin gilashi ɗaya.

Wannan shine asalin irin waɗannan shahararrun mutane game da kamun kifi a cikin Rasha da ƙasashen waje. Sayar da irin wannan kifin koyaushe nasara ce, kuma tare da kyakkyawan nasara na kamun kifi, adadin da aka samu ga duk kifin da aka kama galibi ya zarce matsakaicin albashin wata na Rasha.

Babban abu shine a zabi lokacin da ya dace da fasahar kamun kifi, sannan kamun kifi na burbot tabbas yayi nasara, kuma masunta zasu sami sa'a.

Rayuwar Burbot

Wannan kifin yana aiki ne kawai a cikin ruwan sanyi, yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin Disamba, Janairu ko Fabrairu. A zahiri, lokacin hunturu ne babban aikin burbot ya faru. Wannan kaddara ce da ke haifar da rayuwar da ba ta dace ba kuma ta fi son farauta a ƙarshen ƙasa. Yana jin dadi kawai a cikin ruwa, zafin jiki wanda bai wuce digiri 12 Celsius ba. Lokacin da ruwa ya yi zafi, burbot ɗin ya zama mara nauyi kuma yanayinsa ya zama kamar rashin walwala. Saboda haka mai yiwuwa ya ci tsawon makonni.

Burbot ba garken kifi bane, amma har da doan mutane dozin guda biyu na iya zama a wuri guda. Koyaya, manyan samfurori sun gwammace salon rayuwa mai kaɗaici.

A ƙarshen bazara, burbot yana neman ramuka ko ɓoyewa a cikin rami, yana ƙaunar wuraren da maɓallan sanyi suke. Cikakken dakatar da cin abinci a cikin yanayin zafi sosai, a ranar gizagizai da sanyi suna neman ganima, amma cikin dare kawai. Wannan kifin ba ya son haske, saboda haka ko da a kan daddare a daren bai jin daɗi.

Burbot yana neman ganima tare da taimakon taɓawa, ji da ƙanshi, a zahiri ba dogaro da ganin ido ba. Abincin da aka saba shine kifayen da suke rayuwa a doron ƙasa, waɗannan sune ruffs da gudgeons. Zasu iya cin nasu yaran. Yakan ji dadin sauran kifayen ba tare da an sani ba, amma a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da muke burbot mafi kyawun “tsari”, har ma manyan kifaye masu ƙarfi na iya zama ganima.

Sake bugun ciki da haɓakar burbot

Kamar yadda muka yi rubutu a sama, za mu fallasa a cikin Disamba, Janairu, ko wani lokaci a watan Fabrairu. Ba a kama shi lokacin yin baƙi, kodayake, yana yiwuwa a kama burbots masu girma da ba su daina cin abinci ba. Oneaya mace za ta iya cinye ƙwai miliyan ɗaya, yawanci yakan fita ne a cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Idan hunturu yana da ɗumi, to, spawning na iya shimfiɗa tsawon kwanaki 30, cikin tsananin sanyi wannan lokacin yana gajarta.

A cewar kididdigar, a matsakaita kawai larvae suna fitowa daga kashi 0.5 na wasa. Suna girma da sauri, a lokacin bazara zasu iya kaiwa santimita 10. Yawan ci gaban burbot ya dogara sosai akan yanayin da yake rayuwa, amma a bayyane yake cewa sun fi sauri a jikin ruwan arewacin. Gabaɗaya, burbot na iya isa nauyin kilo 30 ko fiye da haka kuma tsawon jikin mutum ya zarce mita 1.

A matsakaita, a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, burbot ya kai santimita 35 a tsayi da kuma yawan gram 600. A shekara ta biyar, ya kai tsawon santimita 50 kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogram 1.6 a matsakaita. Koyaya, muna sake maimaita cewa girma girma na burbot a cikin ruwa daban daban na iya bambanta ta hanyar girman.

Yadda ake kama burbot

Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da kama burbot a lokuta daban-daban na shekara a cikin wasu labaran wannan sashe, amma a nan zamu ba da shawarwari kawai.

Akwai lokuta uku a shekara lokacin da wannan kifin ya fi aiki. Lokacin farko shine daga Oktoba zuwa daskarewa, na biyu shine daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu, na uku shine daga Maris zuwa Afrilu. Dangane da salon rayuwar burbot, suna kama shi galibi a cikin hunturu akan sandunan kamun kifin hunturu. A lokacin rani, damina da damina ana kama ta a saman sandunan kamun kifi. Kuna iya kama wannan kifin a kan daddaren daddawa ko sanda mai birgima na yau da kullun sai dai da izinin sa'a.

Ana iya kama ƙaramin burbot a tsutsa; don babban koto, ,ar zauren ta fi kyau. Hakanan zaka iya kama fitowar hunturu. Game da zaɓi na bazara na hunturu don burbot kamun kifi za'a iya samu a wannan labarin.

Rarrabawa

Burbot shine kawai nau'in nau'ikan su burbotmallakar ƙananan dabbobi Lotinae ne. Masu binciken Rasha sun danganta burbot ga dangi burbot (Lotidae Bonaparte, 1837).

Wasu masu binciken sunyi la'akari da nau'in monotypic, wasu sun bambanta ƙananan 2-3:

1. Lota lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758) - burbot talakawa ne da ke zaune a Turai da Asiya kafin Kogin Lena,
2. Lota lota leptura (Hubbs et Schultz, 1941) - burbot mai bakin ciki wanda kewayonsa sun hada da Siberiya daga Kogin Kara har zuwa Bering Strait, Alaskan Arctic Coast gabas zuwa Kogin Mackenzie,
3. Lota lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817) wani reshe ne dake zaune a Arewacin Amurka.

Tsarin rayuwa

Burbot ya fi aiki da ruwan sanyi. Ciyarwa tana faruwa a cikin hunturu na Disamba - Fabrairu; mafi cin nasarar kamun kifi yana faruwa ne a lokacin sanyi na farko daga faɗuwar rana har zuwa wayewar gari. Tana ciyar da abinci a ƙananan kwari da ƙananan kifi. Tsofaffi suna cin ƙananan kifayen ƙananan kifayen, har ma da frogs, crayfish, da mollusks. Zan iya cin lalata dabbobi. An kama shi a kan zherlitsy, musamman son ruff. Akwai duka biyun da ke zaune (da ke zaune a cikin tabkuna da ƙananan koguna), da kuma nau'ikan sashe-hawa (misali, burbot na Kogin Ob).

Sedentary siffofin yawanci ƙanana da bututu.

Semi-hawa siffofin yin doguwar ƙaura (fiye da kilomita dubu a kowace shekara). Sun fi girma (sau da yawa fiye da mita a tsayi, nauyi fiye da 5-6 kg kuma shekaru har zuwa shekaru 15-24). Mace ba ta yin ɓarna a shekara, suna tsallake ɗaya ko biyu yanayi don maido da ƙarfin kuɗin jikin. Yawancin maza suna shiga cikin ɓarke ​​kowace shekara.

Yammacin Turai da Tsibirin Ingila

A kan iyakar tsibirin Biritaniya, ana yin rikodin burbot a koina, amma a yanzu, ba a samun burbot a wuraren ajiya ba. An yi rikodin ƙarshe na wannan nau'in a ranar 14 Satumba, 1969 a cikin ƙananan ƙoshin kogin Uz. An sami irin wannan yanayin a Belgium, inda aka lalata wannan nau'in a cikin shekarun 1970s. kuma yana ƙarƙashin dawowa. A wasu yankuna na ƙasar ta Jamus, an kuma lalata burbot, amma har yanzu ana samunsa a cikin koguna Danube, Ruhr, Elbe, Oder da Rhine, da kuma a Lake Constance. An ci gaba da shirye-shiryen sake farfado da Burbot a Jamus da Burtaniya.

A cikin Netherlands, burbot ma yana cikin barazanar lalata, kuma kusan jama'arta na iya raguwa. Wani lokaci, ana samun daidaikun mutane a cikin koguna na Bisbosch. , Volkerake da Krammer, a cikin layukan IJsselmeer da Ketelmer. A Faransa da Ostireliya, ana ɗaukar burbot a matsayin ɗan adam mai saurin ɓoyewa, kuma an mai da hankali ga yawan jama'arta a cikin wuraren shakatawa na Seine, Loire, Rhone, Maas, Moselle da wasu manyan tafkuna masu tsayi. Hakanan ana samun Burbot a wasu tafkuna da koguna a Switzerland, inda mutanenta suke da tsayayye. A Italiya, burbot yana zama a Poin.

Arewacin Turai, Scandinavia da ƙasashen Baltic

Burbot ya zama ruwan dare a cikin wuraren ajiya a cikin Finland, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, Latvia da Lithuania. A wuraren ajiyar ƙasar Finland, ana lura da raguwar adadin jama'a, masu alaƙa da ƙazantar ƙa'idodi, musamman ma, maganin su. Dalilan raguwar yawan burbot a cikin ruwayen Sweden shine gurbata su da shan ruwan su, da kuma bayyanar wasu nau'ikan baki a cikinsu, suna mamaye yan asalin kasar.

Gabashin Turai

Mafi yawan abubuwan hannun jari na Slovenia sun fi mai da hankali ne a cikin Kogin Drava da Lake Tserknitsa, a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech - a cikin kogin Morava da Ohře. Haɓakar iska da kuma daidaita koguna suna haifar da matsala gama gari ga ƙasashen gabashin Turai don rage adadin burbot. Don haka, a Slovenia, an haramta kama burbot, a Bulgaria an sanya shi matsayin wani nau'in halitta mai saurin kisa, a cikin Hungary - wani nau'in da ba shi da haɗari, a Poland ma an rage yawan burbot.

Tarayyar Rasha

A kan iyakar Rasha, burbot yanki ne mai dumbin yawa a wuraren shakatawa na yankin Arctic da tsaunuka, a cikin kwandunan Baltic, Farar fata, Barents, Black da Caspian tekun kuma a cikin kwarin dukkan kogunan Siberiya daga Ob zuwa Anadyr duk tsawonsu. Yankin arewa na iyakar burbot shine tekun Bahar Maliya: an samo shi ne a gabar Tekun Yamal (ban da kogunan arewa), a cikin Taimyr (rafin kogunan Pyasina da Khatanga, Lake Taimyr), da kuma tsibirin Novosibirsk. A cikin kwandunan Ob-Irtysh, ana rarrabawa daga saman farfajiya (latsar Teletskoye da Zaysan) zuwa gaɓar tekun Ob. A cikin tafkin Baikal da tasirin Yenisei yana da inganci. Ana samun ta ko'ina cikin kwarin Amur, har ma a saman iyakar Kogin Yalu (Basin Tekun Rawaya). Hakanan ya zama ruwan dare a Sakhalin da Tsibirin Shantar. Ya bar cikin yankunan desalinated na tekuna tare da salinity har zuwa 12 ‰.

Janar bayanin

Sanda (Gadiformes) yana nufin nau'in kamun kifin teku mai mahimmancin tattalin arziki. Iyakar abin da kawai wakilin ruwa mai tsabta na dangin cod da ke zaune a cikin ruwan Rasha shine burbot (Lotalota).

Yankin rarraba shi shine arewacin da tsakiyar Turai (inda ya isa gaɓar tekun kudu na Faransa da arewacin Balkan Peninsula), arewacin Asiya da Arewacin Amurka.

Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da sifar sigar jiki. Sikeli suna da kyau-kala. Dukkansu tare da babban, babban mucks da marbling, suna haɗe koyaushe tare da bangon dutse.

Wannan nau'in sanyi ne na jini. Tana zaune a cikin tafkuna masu zurfi tare da ruwa mai zurfi da kuma tushe mai zurfi da aka rufe da ƙafafunan daga ƙarƙashin tushe. A cikin hunturu, yana jagorantar rayuwa mai aiki, kuma a cikin yanayi mai zafi ya faɗi cikin yanayi, tunda bai yarda da zafi da haske ba.

Ra'ayin Lutu daga dangin Lotidae suna zaune a cikin koguna mai sanyi da tabkuna a Turai, Asiya, Arewacin Amurka da Alaska. Zai iya rayuwa cikin sabo da kuma ruwa mai zurfi kuma ya gangara zuwa zurfin mita 700. Wannan tabo mai launin kore ko launin ruwan kasa, wanda zai iya kaiwa tsawan mita 1.5.

Tana da ƙananan sikeli ginannen ciki, ingantaccen ɗamara, daɗewar tsinkaye da ƙyallin baya sau biyu. Waɗannan su ne ɗan gajeren lokaci, kifi a hankali, kuma a Alaska ba yawanci ba su kai ga balaga har sai shekaru 6 ko 7.

Wani abin da yake bambanta su da sauran kifin ruwa mai tsabta shi ne cewa sun tsunduma cikin tsakiyar ko ƙarshen hunturu.

Raba nau'in jinsin ya kasance batun jayayya da wasu masu rajin haraji. Wasu kafofin sun rarrabe jinsuna a cikin jinsin mutanen Lotinae na cod Gadidae. Bugu da kari, wasu masanan kimiyyar halittar dabbobi sun sanya wakilin Siberian da Arewacin Amurka na nau'in a Lotamaculosa.

A zahiri, wannan nau'in shi ne kawai lambar ruwan tsabta a Arewacin Amurka.

Bayani da matsakaicin girman

Bambancin halayyar da ke tsakanin burbot da kifayen kifi da sauran kifayen zai sa a sami damar tantance mai farautar har ma ga masu fasa-kwauri:

• elongated fleshy jiki a cikin nau'i na spindle,
• zagaye da kaifi biyu,
• kashi na biyu da na gaba guda biyu na da rabin jikin mutum,
• karami, tare da daskararren gefen sikelin (cycloid) a cikin rikice-rikice da gamsai,
• uku mustaches: daya a kan wuyan, biyu a kan babban muƙamuƙi suna nuna gaba,
• lebura kai tare da kananan idanu
• babban baki mai hakora masu yawa,
• ventral ventral suna can ƙarƙashin makogwaron kuma suna sanye da fitila mai kama da filayen wasa rawar organsarin gabobin taɓawa.

Matsakaicin matsakaicin tsinkaye shine 60-80 cm (3-6 kg). Mafi girman nauyin burbot wanda aka auna kilo 25 25 tare da tsawonsa ya wuce cm 120. Launi ya dogara da yanayin rayuwa, shekaru, nau'ikan ƙasa da kuma matakin bayyana ruwa. Ana ɗaukar ma'aunin a matsayin ciki na zaitun, bangarorin launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, inuwa mai launin shuɗi-ƙwai na ƙusoshin. Kamar yadda girma da tsufa, ɗaliban launi suna haskakawa.

Ina ne mazaunin burbot yake?

Yankin rarrabawa yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da fasalin jikin kifin, wanda ya kasa jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali a cikin ruwa mai dumbin yawa. Adadin dabbobi mafi girma shine halayyar wuraren ajiye wuraren shakatawa na arewacin hemisphere: Yankin tekun Arctic, Siberiya, Yankin Arewa maso Yammaci da Yankin Arewa maso Gabas na Rasha. Ko ta yaya, maharbi ya zauno da yawa kudu, amma a lokaci guda yanada. A cikin koguna masu gudana a cikin Tekun Baƙi da Caspian, matsakaicin nauyin samfurin bai wuce kilogram 0.6-1.0 ba.

Ko da a cikin tabkuna masu zurfi na arewacin, burbot zai nemi wuri mai sanyaya, sau da yawa yana zauna a maɓallan ruwa. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, ramuka, tarin duwatsun, an zaɓi snags azaman mazaunin dindindin. A wannan yanayin, abun da ke ciki ba shi da mahimmanci, zai iya zama yashi, baƙuwa, yumbu, da sauransu. Banda kawai ana ɗaukar wuraren silted ne saboda haɗarin samuwar matsala mai yawa, a cikin abin da mai hasara ke da shi bai da kyau.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Dangane da rarrabuwa na zamani, burbot wani ɓangare ne na kayan aikin Lotinae (a zahiri, shine ya samar da wannan taksi .. ichan wasan kimiyyar Rasha sun rarrabe burbot a matsayin wani ɗan gidan burbot daban) Dangane da nau'in nau'in halittun, masana kimiyya suna da ra'ayi daban-daban, saboda wasu masu binciken sunyi imanin cewa jinsin ya zama monotypic, wasu kuma akasin haka.

Rage sau biyu zuwa uku:

• gama gari da ke sanannu a cikin tafkunan Eurasia,
• bakin-burki-burma-mazaunin tafkunan Alaska da Far-Gabas,
• Lota lota maculosa wani reshe ne wanda aka samo a cikin yankunan kudu na Arewacin Amurka.

Dukkanin abubuwanda ke faruwa a cikin burbot suna zuwa ne na yau da kullun - farauta, ƙaura, haifuwa da sauran alamun ayyukan suna faruwa ne daga misalin 22:00 zuwa 6:00. Saboda haka, abincin dare ana cin abincin dare musamman da dare.

Halaye

Kifayen da ke sa hannun riga da rana ba shi da nisa. Abubuwan hankali (hangen nesa, tabawa, ji, kamshi) an tsara su ne don neman ganima cikin duhu. Hasken rana yana fusata idanun wani burbot, don haka a lokacin da rana ba ta farauta ba, amma tana ɓoye a cikin tushen bishiyoyi, ƙarƙashin duwatsu, busasshen itace, ɓarkewar ɓarna da ƙoƙarin kawar da kai. Ana lura da yanayi iri ɗaya tare da dumama ruwan, yana haifar da yawancin kwanakin rashin ƙarfi, rashin jin daɗin ci. Sai kawai a cikin sanyi da yanayin hadari, lokacin da zafin jiki na tafki ya faɗi ƙasa + 15 ° С, maƙiyin yakan rasa ɗan lokacin bazararsa kuma ya bayyanar da matsanancin giya, yawanci yakan kai hari tarbar kifayen.

Wani babban abin mamakin burbot shine sha'awarsa mara iyaka a cikin sautuna daban-daban. Tare da ji na musamman, kifin da yake son ɗanɗana yakan yi tafiya mai nisa don tabbatar da tushen hayaniya.

Menene burbot ke ci

Tushen abincin da mai cin abincin shine mazaunan ƙananan shimfidar tafki. Individualsaramar mutane marasa girma (shekaru 1-2) da yardar rai suna cin tsutsotsi, leeches, larvae, ƙananan crustaceans, mollusks, soya, ƙwai kifi da amphibians. Lokacin da suke girma kuma suna yin nauyi, burbot tana cin abinci mafi yawa:

• minnows, ruff, perch,
• loaches, narke, loaches,
• lamprey, frogs, crustaceans.

Cikakkiyar baki da makogwaro sun sami damar hadiye abin ci ba tare da wata matsala ba ta girman sulusin tsawon tsarar jikin. Sakamakon tsarin hakoran mai launin bristle, wannan tsari yana faruwa ba tare da motsi mai saurin motsawa ba, kuma cizon burbot ya kasance mai ƙarfin zuciya, amma mai santsi kuma ba ya taɓuwa. Hakanan an sanya matsayin mai ikon gano duk wani abu ga wannan jinsin, musamman ma a jikin ruwa ruwa da wani mummunan kwanciyar hankali. Ingancin warin kamshi yana ba ku damar jin ƙyamar abinci na tsawon mil da yawa, wanda shine masanin masunta da suka yi amfani da shi lokacin da suka haɗa ƙyallen matattakala da sauran ƙanshin ƙanshi a ƙugiya.

Da farko lokacin zafi, kifin ya daina cin abinci kuma yana cinye mafi yawan lokaci a lokacin rashin tsari. Sai kawai a cikin bazara da burbot ya fita daga mafaka kuma ya ci gaba zuwa ciyar da abinci daga maraice zuwa wayewar gari, dawo da ƙarfi da kuma shirin ba da amfani.

Abubuwan fasahar

Abin da maɗaukakin maɗaukakin mai ƙaunar sanyi ke shafar lokacin kwanciya da ƙwai. Ya danganta da yankin da takamaiman mazaunin makabartar, ɓarnar yana faruwa tsakanin ƙarshen Disamba da Fabrairu. Domin qwai ya girma daidai, zazzabi ruwan ya zama + 1 ° С. A cikin latitude na arewa, irin wannan yanayi an ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar yanayi da sauri kuma ya wuce watanni da yawa. A cikin yanayin zafin jiki, wannan yafi wuya, saboda haka kifin ya haɓaka ikon parthenogenesis ("haifuwar budurwa") - cikakken haɓakar masararry wanda ba a haɗa shi ba. Irin wannan ingancin mai ban mamaki yana ba da damar mace ta sami nasarar magance matsalar haihuwa a cikin kwanakin da ba a san kwanciyar hankali ba, ba tare da ɓata lokaci sosai don neman maza masu jima'i ba.

Burbot spawning yana faruwa a cikin wurare masu rauni tare da jinkirin hanya da ƙasa mai wuya: dutse, bawo, ƙwaƙwalwa, yashi. A saboda wannan, kifin yana yin doguwar ƙaura, sau da yawa zuwa wuraren da aka haife shi. Wadanda zasu fara zuwa wuraren shakatawa sune manyan mutane wadanda ke sanya qwai cikin kananan kungiyoyi na 15-20. Sannan samfurori masu matsakaici kuma fara farawa, a cikin ƙananan garke. Lastarshe na ƙarshe shine ƙuruciya mai girma (shekaru 3-5), wanda yakan faɗi cikin "kamfanoni" masu fashewa na 50-100 kowannensu.

Ba kamar sauran kifin ruwa mai kyau ba, cod roe yana da kyawawan buoyancy saboda rufin mai, saboda haka wani ɓangaren masonry yana narkewa kyauta kuma ana ɗaukar shi ta hanyar rafi zuwa sassan tafki tare da yanayin yanayi daban-daban, wanda ke kara damar haɓakar yanayin halittar.

A lokacin shakatawa, maharmar yana cin abinci sosai, sabili da haka, a yankuna da ke da iyakataccen yawan jama'a, akwai rashi ko kuma dakatar da kamun kifi hunturu

Burbot koto

Lokacin kamun kifi yana kasancewa daga kaka zuwa tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Mafi kyawun lokacin biting shi ne maraice da sanyin safiya (har zuwa awanni 5). Babban zhor ya fadi a watan Nuwamba-Fabrairu. Kamar yadda koto a kan burbot, ana amfani da kifin koto (ba girma 8 cm cm girma): gudgeon, bleak, ruff. Yin kamun kifi don guntun kifin katako, ƙananan kwaɗi, tarin manyan tsutsotsi, hanta kaji shima yaɗuwa. Sau da yawa wani mai farauta na iya rude shi ta hanyar wasan shakatawa na masu leken asiri ko tafice.

A matsayin manyan hanyoyin kamun kifi, ana amfani da gudummawar jakadu na gyare-gyare iri-iri. Kayan aiki daga gajeren sanda tare da zobba, ramin inertial, layin kamun kifi tare da kauri daga 0,5-0.40 mm da matattarar matsakaici, wanda ba a karkatar da ta yanzu, amma ba ya haifar da fashewar ƙarfi, ta tabbatar da kanta sosai. Zai fi kyau a haɗa leash tare da ƙugiya a ƙasa nauyin don kada katako ya kasance kusa da tushe.

A cikin lokutan sanyi, ana amfani da dusar kankara kan-kankara (isar da kaya), wanda reel tare da layin kamun kifi koyaushe yana cikin ruwa, wanda ke gujewa daskarewa kayan aiki.

Rarraba da wuraren zama

Nativeasar asalin wannan nau'in ita ce kogunan tebur na tekun Arctic, kuma suna zaune kudu da kudu zuwa 40. Amma mafi nisan kudu suna kogin, mafi karancin burbot din zai kasance. A cikin Urals na Tsakiya burbot yana zaune a cikin jikunan ruwa na gabas da yamma na Ural Range: a cikin harafin Ufa, a Chusovaya, Sylva, Tur, Tavda da harajin ta, a tafkin Tavatuy da wasu tafkuna masu yawa, cikin sanyi da tafkuna masu gudana.

Burbot ita ce kawai wakilin nau'in cod-like, da ke zaune a cikin kogin ruwa. Shi mai tsinkaye ne, yana son tsayayyen ruwa kuma baya jure ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.

Kasancewa dan Arewa mai fifiko, burbot ya fi son tsaftataccen ruwa mai tsabta tare da ƙasa mai dutse. Burbot galibi ana samun shi a cikin ramuka masu zurfi tare da maɓallan, a cikin ɓarnar tekun, a ƙarƙashin snags da barewar bishiyoyi. Daga koguna inda bishiyoyi tare da bankunan ke yanke su ta hanyar tsari, burbot yawanci yakan shuɗe. A lokacin rani, burbot din ba ta da aiki, tana jin daɗi ne kawai lokacin da ruwan yake ƙasa da digiri 12, kuma lokacin da ruwan yake sama da digiri 15, tana ɓoye cikin ɓoye, ramuka, a ƙarƙashin duwatsu, daskarewa, a ƙarƙashin bankunan, yana barin su abinci kawai cikin yanayin hadari mai sanyi, ba tare da gazawa ba. da dare. A cikin lokacin da ya fi zafi, sai ya yi hibernates kuma kusan ya daina cin abinci. A wannan lokacin, ba wuya a kama ɓarnar da ke ɓoye a cikin rami (wanda, a akasin haka, ya saɓawa mashahurin imani, bai taɓa yi ba) ko a ƙarƙashin macizai da duwatsun. Lokacin da suka fara kama shi, bai yi kokarin juyawa da gudu ba, amma yayi kokarin boye zurfin cikin mafaka. Zai iya zama da wahala a kiyaye shi saboda m, yalwatacce rufe fata gamsai. A cikin hunturu, damina da farkon bazara, burbot ya fi aiki, ya bar mafaka ya fara yawo da farko lokacin sanyi. Thearancin zafin jiki na ruwa, da yawan aiki da kwaɗayi (yana cin dumbin kifin kifi).

Bidiyo: Burbot

Kasancewa kawai ɗan farauta ba dare ba rana, burbot ɗin ba ya zama mai jiran gado, yana jiran abin da ya gan shi, amma yana sa ido sosai kuma yana nishaɗinsa, yana ƙayyade wurin da za'a sami abinci ta hanyar ji, ƙanshi da taɓawa. Amma ba da gaske muke dogara da mai bincikenmu na gani ba, abu ne mai fahimta sosai. Yi tunani da kanka - me za ka iya gani da dare, a ƙarshen kogin? Sabili da haka, muna zuba shi a kan idanunmu kuma ba ma fata da gaske.

Yanzu akwai yiwuwar raguwa a cikin matsakaicin girman mutane da raguwa a cikin adadin wannan kifin saboda yanayin lalacewar yanayin rayuwa (a cikinsu, ruwa da mamayewa, gami da satar dabbobi, kuma suna da mahimmancin gaske).

Bayyananniya da fasalin burbot

Hoto: Yaya burbot yake

Tsawon kifin da wuya ya wuce 1 m, nauyin jikin - har zuwa 24 kilogiram. A waje, burbot din yayi kama da wani babban kifi - kifin kifi. Tsarin jikin yana da ɗan elongated, zagaye, kunkuntar gajere, kuma da ɗan matsa daga bangarorin. Sikeli na burbot ƙanƙane ne, amma a wani ɓangaren kuma suna rufe sutturar jiki sosai kuma ko'ina - yana kan kai, murfin farin ciki har ma da gindin ƙyallen.

Siffar shugaban tana da fadi, dan kadan ta watse. Babban muƙamuƙi ya fi tsayi da ƙananan. A kan jaws da vomer akwai ƙananan hakora masu launin gashi da yawa. An samo kututturar kafa da ba ta da gashi a kan cinya, gajeru 2 a kusa da hanci.

Fasusufin da ke da ƙananan ƙananan kuma gajere ne. Hasken rana na farko na ventral ƙashin kansa yana da cikakkiyar matakai toshewar filiform. Akwai ƙege biyu a bayan, tare da fin fin na biyu ya kusan zuwa caudal, amma ba haɗuwa da shi. Layi na ƙarshen yana daga ƙarshen ƙarshen fin fin.

Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka masu launi da yawa don burbot. Mafi sau da yawa, a baya na wannan kifayen suna da launin kore ko zaitun-kore, tare da yaduwar da ba a rarraba baƙi-launin shuɗi, fure da ratsi.

Kwakwalwa da ciki yawanci fararen fata ne. Matasa mutane koyaushe suna da launin duhu (kusan baki). Maza sun yi duhu sosai fiye da mace. Bayan haka, namiji yana da kauri, kuma mace tana da jiki. Mata suna da girma koyaushe.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Burbot a lokacin sanyi

Lokacin zafi ya ɓaci wannan kifin - burbot ya zama ba ya aiki. Amma lokacin da ruwan yayi sanyi zuwa 12 ° C, burbot yakan fara aiki, yana farauta yana ciyarwa da farashi duk dare. Amma da zaran ruwa ya kwarara sama da 15 ° C, kifin nan da nan kifin ya ɓoye cikin ramuka, ramuka na ƙasa, gami da ƙarƙashin dutsen, busasshen itace da mafaka a bankunan ƙasa, da kuma a wasu wuraren ɓoye da ke ɓoye shi daga zafin. Kuma ya bar su kawai don nemo abincin da ya wajaba don kula da rayuwa.

Burbot yakan yi farauta cikin zafin rana kawai cikin yanayin girgije, kuma da dare ne kawai. A watan Yuli-Agusta, lokacin da aka lura da zafi, burbot hibernates, a zahiri ya daina ci. Kifayen suna zama da bakin jini kuma basu da kariya saboda a wannan lokacin zaka iya kama shi da hannuwanka! Hanya mafi sauƙi don yin wannan ita ce lokacin da masu ɓawon burbot ɗin ke rami (wanda, akasin ƙararren maƙaryaci, ba ya tono). Kuma karkashin snags, duwatsun, da kuma a wasu "mafaka" da burbot hayar ma sauki sauki kama.

Tabbas, a daidai lokacin da suka fara ɗaukar sa, kifin bai ma yi ƙoƙarin juya shi ya tsere ba, yana tafiya da nisa har zuwa dama. Akasin haka, yana yin yanke shawara ba daidai ba, yana neman ceto ta mafaka, amma zurfi ne kawai. Iyakar abin da kawai wahala shine a ci gaba da burbot, saboda yana da laushi sosai. Hunturu, kaka da farkon bazara lokaci ne na babban aiki don burbot. Da farko na sanyaya, wannan kifin ya fara jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa. Akwai tabbatacce dogaro - da sanyi ruwa ya zama, mafi girma da aiki da vorodity na burbot zama (shi ci m kananan kifi).

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Burbot cikin ruwa

Burbot na balaga yana farawa yana da shekaru 3-4, lokacin da nauyin jikin mutum ya kai 400-500 g. Amma a ƙarƙashin yanayin rayuwa mai kyau, yakan faru idan maza suka ɗan ɗanɗani kaɗan.

A watan Nuwamba - Disamba (ya danganta da yanayin yanayin yankin), bayan an rufe sassan jikin ruwa tare da kankara, sai burbot ya fara ƙaura - gagarumin ci gaba da burbot zuwa wuraren shakatawa (da kuma akasin haka). Wadannan kifayen an aika su ne don yin awon gaba da kananan garke, wadanda suka hada da manyan mata da maza 4-5. Daga tafkunan koguna, burbots sun fada gadaje kogin. A cikin manyan tafkuna masu zurfin ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi, burbot ɗin ba ya barin, yana motsawa daga zurfafa kusa da saman inda akwai ƙananan rami da ƙasa.

Lokacin tsallakewa yana daga shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Disamba zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu. Tsarin yana kusan faruwa koyaushe a ƙarƙashin kankara, a ruwan T a yankin na 1-3ºС. Burbot yana ƙaunar sanyi, sabili da haka, a mafi yawan sanyi, spawning yana faruwa sosai fiye da lokacin thaws - a ƙarshen yanayin, ana shimfida yanayin aikin. Qwai da ke da kitse mai narkewa (yawan su shine 0.8-1 mm) ana share su cikin ruwa mai zurfi tare da dutsen da kuma saurin sauri. A ci gaba da soya faruwa a cikin kasa Layer na tafki. Daya daga cikin sifofin rayuwar burbot shine yawan haihuwarta - manyan mata suna sanya qwai sama da miliyan.

Tsawon lokacin shiryawa da ƙwai ya bambanta daga kwanaki 28 zuwa watanni 2.5 - tsawon lokacin wannan tsari yana ƙayyade zafin jiki na ruwa cikin tafki. Tsawon soya wanda ya ga haske shine 3-4 mm. Hatanyan kwanon soya kaɗan kafin a fara dusar kankara ko lokacin ambaliyar. Wannan fasalin yana da mummunar mummunar tasiri a rayuwar tsira da yisti, saboda lokacin da kogin ya cika, galibi ana yin su zuwa ambaliyar ruwa, inda, bayan raguwar matakan ruwa, sukan bushe da sauri kuma su mutu.

Abokan gaba na maƙiyan burbot

Hoto: Kifi na Kogin Burbot

Babban girman burbot bai sanya wannan nau'in kifaye da yawa ba. Baya ga mutuwar mafi yawan soya yayin ambaliyar ruwa, ɗumbin kwai na busa hanya. Bugu da kari, sauran kifayen ma suna son su ci burviar (babban “masu kisan” su ne lalatattu, ruff, roach, kuma har zuwa mafi girma - ƙungiyar 'ƙaunataccen' 'burbot). Abin mamaki shine, wani ɓangaren caviar ya kasance a cikin ɓoyayyyan ƙasa kuma burbot ɗin yana cin shi. Sakamakon haka, a ƙarshen lokacin hunturu, daga cikin adadin ƙwai, babu abin da ya fi 10-20% saura.

Idan muka dauki wani balagagge, mai girma burbot, to yana da mafi ƙarancin abokan gaba. Mutane kalilan ne suke yin barazanar kai hari ga kifi mai tsayi tsawon mita 1. Abinda kawai shine cewa a lokacin bazara (lokacin zafi, wanda burbot, kasancewa kifin ɗan kifi na arewacin, bai yarda da komai ba), lokacin da mahalikan burbot ba su da aiki sosai, zai iya zama abinci don kifayen kifi, ya wuce girmanta.

Babban haɗarin yana jiran ƙarami da ba a haife shi ba. Saboda wannan dalili ne kawai 'yan kwalliya suka tsira har zuwa lokacin balaga. Kasancewar caviar, ta hanyar, “abinci ne mai kyau” ga kifi har ma da hunturu. Amma soya ƙauna don cin ruffs, fararen fata da ɓarna, da kuma sauran kifayen da ke zama abinci don burbots masu girma.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Yaya burbot yake

Yankin burbot ɗin yana da faɗi sosai - ana samun kifi a cikin jikunan ruwa na yankuna na arewacin Turai, Asiya da Arewacin Amurka. A cikin Turai, ana kama burbot a New England (kusan ba a samo kifi a cikin Scotland da Ireland), a Faransa (galibi a cikin kwandon Rhone, ɗan lokaci kaɗan a saman Seine da Loire), a Italiya (galibi a Kogin Po), har ma a tuddai na yammacin Switzerland, a cikin ruwan Danube (kusan a duk duniya) kuma a jikin jikunan ruwa na ruwan Baltic. Hakan ba ya faruwa (daga tsakiyar karni na karshe) a gabar yammacin yammacin ƙasashen Scandinavia, har ma a kan tsibirin Iberian, Apennine da Balkan.

A cikin Rasha, burbot yanki ne mai yawa - a jikin ruwan da ke gudana a cikin yankin Arctic da tsaunuka, kazalika a cikin kwarin kogunan Siberiya - daga Ob zuwa Anadyr, da duk tsawonsa. A cikin yankin Turai na Rasha, ba a samun burbot a Crimea, Transcaucasia (ban da ƙananan ƙananan Kura da Sefidrud), wani lokacin ana kama wannan kifin a cikin Caucasus ta Arewa - a cikin kwarin kogin. Kuban. Iyakar arewa na iyakar ita ce gabar tekun Arctic.

A cikin kudu, ana samun burbot a cikin kwarin Ob-Irtysh, kuma yana ɗaukar sarari sosai - daga saman iyakar (Lake Teletskoye da Zaysan) har zuwa Gaban Ob. Babu wannan kifin a Asiya ta Tsakiya, kodayake a cikin karni na ƙarshe kafin wannan kifin ya kasance mai ƙarfin gaske a cikin kwarin Tekun Aral. A cikin Yenisei da Baikal, an kama burbot kusan ko'ina. A cikin kwarin Selenga, kewayon ya gangara zuwa kudu, har zuwa Mongolia. An samo Burbot a duk faren kogin. Cupid tare da manyan harakokin sa - Ussuri da Sungari. Ana samunsa a saman iyakar Kogin Yalu.

Dangane da gabar Tekun Bahar Rum, ana samun burbot akan Sakhalin da tsibirin Shantar, har ma sun faɗi cikin yankunan da ke ambaton tekun (inda tasirin ruwan bai wuce 12).

Tsaro na Burbot

Hoto: Burbot daga Littafin Red

Burbot yana cikin rukunin farko na 1 na lalata - jinsunan suna cikin iyakokin Moscow a ƙarƙashin barazanar lalata, saboda haka an haɗa shi a cikin Shafi 1 na Red Book na Yankin Moscow. Haka kuma, babu wani ɗan littafin burbot a cikin Littafin Tarihi Na Duniya.

Don kiyaye yawan jama’ar burbot, masana kimiyyar kere-kere suna gudanar da wasu ayyuka da dama, watau:

• saka idanu akan yawan jama'a (na tsari, koda a lokacin ayyukan rashin halayen halaye),
• kula da tsabtace muhalli na wuraren mafaka na rani da wuraren da filayen ke ɓoye burbot,
• gano sabbin wurare da za'a iya la'akari dasu don dacewa da yanayin burbot,
• haɓakawa da aiwatar da matakan da ake nufi don hana ɓarkewar yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayin ruwa a jikin ruwa na Yankin Moscow da ƙara yawan zafin jiki na ruwa, wanda ke tsoratar da wuri da fure mai aiki. Wurin da ya kamata a mayar da hankali sosai - daga Hanyar Zobe ta Moscow zuwa farfajiyar Filvskaya,
• bullo da dokar hana karfafa bankunan koguna da wuraren ajiye ruwa a kan wuraren da ake da su da kuma kare kariya ta hanyar ginin gine-ginen gidaje da bango. Idan akwai bukatar gaggawa a karfafa tekun, kawai a tsaye gabar tebur da kuma dasa bishiyoyi an yarda,
• maido da yanayin yanayin yankin rairayin bakin teku wanda ya kasance tare da shafuka masu mahimmanci don burbot, tare da bayyana amfani da su tare da dalilai na nishaɗi,
• halittar mafaka a lokacin bazara da kuma cutuka waɗanda ke da kyau ga burbot. A sakamakon wannan, an shirya "matashin bakin ruwa" matattarar ruwa "akan sassan jikin ruwa mai kyau,
• Arfafawar andan Adam da introductionarin gabatar da kansa na cutar kansa a cikin jikin ruwa - wannan arthropod, tare da minnier, shine kayan abinci da aka fi so don burbot,
• aiwatar da tsananin iko a kan yarda da ban a kama da burbot (musamman a lokacin tsallakewa) a matsayin jinsin da aka jera a cikin Littafin Red na Moscow.

Kula da hankali - matakan da ke sama suna dacewa ne kawai dangane da yankin na Moscow.

Burbot - Wannan shine farkon mai cin nama, yana jagorancin rayuwar rayuwa ta musamman. Yana fifita tafkuna tare da ruwan sanyi, zafi yana da tasiri mai bacin rai a kai. Namijin yana da mazauninsu mai fa'ida, amma lambar sa ba ta girma ba dangane da halayen halaye, gami da ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin aiwatar da haihuwa da na samari.