Hawk Buzzard - Alamar kwalba
Babban tsuntsu (fikafikan kimanin mita), mai kama da mai ba da labari, amma tare da dogayen wutsiya da raɗaɗin raunin fikala akan wutsiya da gashin fuka-fukai, ba tare da duhu mai duhu daga ƙasa akan fuka-fuki na reshe ba.
Kwakwalwa fari farare mai duhu mai tsayi, ciki mai launin ruwan kasa mai haske mai ratsa jiki, gira yana yawanci fari. A ko'ina cikin kirji, yawanci akwai duhu sosai, (ba kamar shaho ba [148-152]). A cikin kananan tsuntsaye, ventral gefen yana da haske tare da ratsi mai duhu mai duhu a bangarorin da kirji. A cikin jirgi, gefen sashin baya yana kama da madaidaiciya, ba zagaye ba, kamar gaggafa. Jirgin yana yawan juyawa. Sau da yawa zaune akan busassun rassan bishiyoyi masu tsayi.
Tana zaune a cikin gandun daji gauraye da murdawa a kudu na Primorye da Amur. Gida a kan bishiyoyi tare da rufin ciyawar ciyawa da ganyayyaki, cikin ɗaukar hoto na farin fari 3-4 tare da aibobi masu launin shuɗi. Yana ciyarwa akan kwaɗi, macizai, kwari, kwari. Muryar kamar kukan mai fashewa ne, amma mai sau biyu.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ya zama da wuya kuma an jera shi cikin Red Book of Russia.
7. 1. 7. Halittar Osoedy - Pernis
Manyan tsuntsayen da ke da tsayi mai tsayi, ba wutsiya mai fadi da kuma fikafikan fuka-fukai (fikafikai har zuwa mita daya da rabi). A cikin jirgin, wuyansa yana daɗaɗɗuwa. Gashin fuka-fukan da ke ƙasa suna da duhu gaba ɗaya ba tare da ratsi ba, ba kasafai yake haske da duhu ba. Launin launuka yana da matukar canji, saboda haka, wani lokacin yana da wahala a rarrabe waɗannan tsuntsayen daga ungulu da baƙi [135-139]. Jirgin yana tashi tare da ɗan gajeren biɗa, fuka-fukan an ɗan fiɗa tare da gaba.
Gida akan bishiyoyi cikin tsayi da gauraye da kuma tsatsa-tsatsa. Gida tare da rufi na rassan tare da ganye kore, a cikin kama 1-2 mai haske, ja-kasa-kasa tare da farin qwai.
Suna ciyar da larvae na wasps da bumblebees, nests wanda ake samu ta hanyar sa idanu kwari. Suna da ji sosai kuma suna iya bambance ɗabbin bugun komputa da suka dawo gida tare da abincinsu daga hasken da yake tashi. Dandalin wasp ɗin da ke ƙasa yana haƙa sama, yana barin halayyar halayyar. Sakamakon kayan abinci mai gina jiki, ana sanya kwanciya daga baya fiye da wasu masu farauta (wasps da lardin su sun zama abinci mai yawa a lokacin bazara). Tushen baki da fata a idanun an rufe su da kananan fuka-fuka-fuka-fukai don kariya daga yatsun dattako. Lokaci-lokaci, frogs da rodents suna kamawa. Muryar wata 'yar gajeriyar magana ce.
A cikin Rasha, biyu da wuya a rarrabe nau'in ƙaura.
Habitat
Hawk Kawasaki (Butastur alama) ta bazu a Gabashin Asiya - a Japan, Arewacin China, a Rasha a Primorye zuwa yamma zuwa ƙaramar Khingan, zuwa arewa zuwa bakin Burei. Hawk buzzard wani tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura wanda yake yin sanyi a kudu maso gabashin Asiya kuma a adadi kaɗan a tsibiran Indo-Ostiraliya.
Bayyanar
Wannan tsuntsu ne mai matsakaici (tsayin fika 31-34 cm), tare da fikafikan tsayi da fadi, dogaye mai tsayi madaidaiciya, tare da dogaye, don mafi yawan tsayin tsinkaye, wanda ba a rufe shi ba, an rufe shi da ƙananan garkuwar garkuwa, tare da gajeren yatsunsu da yatsu. Maza manya da mata na kunar bakin wake suna da launuka iri daya, launin ruwan kasa a gefen ƙarancin tsami tare da tashi mai tashi da wutsiya, kan kai mai launin shuɗi, farar fata tare da madaidaiciyar launin shuɗi tare da amai da ratsi mai launin fata a kirji da ciki. Gashin baki da yatsun waɗannan tsuntsaye baƙi ne, huɗun, dajin da ƙafarku rawaya.
Abinci da Ciki
Hawk Buzzard ana kiyaye shi cikin dazuzzuka ko gauraye, cike da wuraren buɗe wurare, da fi son wuraren da ke kusa da fadama ko tafkuna, saboda gaskiyar cewa abincinsa babba ne. Kari akan haka, dan iska mai shaye shaye yana ci da mayuka, macizai, kananan macizai.
Hawk buzzard nests akan bishiyoyi. Clutch of 2-4 farin qwai, a farkon Mayu. Ba a fahimci cikakkun bayanai game da kiwo ba.
Barazanar rayuwa
Wannan nau'in halitta ne mai wuya wanda ke da iyaka. A cikin 30-40s. wannan karni, ya kasance gama gari wurin Primorye. A shekarun baya bayan nan, ya zama abin duniya gabaɗaya. Rage adadi ya na faruwa ne sakamakon canje-canje a mazauna (gandun daji, gobara), harba tsuntsayen ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, kuma, mai yiwuwa, harbi yayin ƙaura da kuma hunturu a kan Fr. Taiwan da Philippines, musamman kan batun. A shekara ta 60s a Taiwan ake hako shi har zuwa kwari masu kunzugu dubu.
Dabbobi: Alamar Butastur = Hawk Buzzard
An rarraba SARYCH HAWK (Butastur nuna) a Gabashin Asiya - a Japan, Arewacin China, a Rasha a Primorye zuwa yamma zuwa K ƙasa mafi girma, zuwa arewa zuwa bakin Tsaunin. Hawk buzzard wani tsuntsu ne mai matsakaici (tsayin fika 31-34 cm), tare da fikafikan tsayi da fadi, dogaye mai tsayi madaidaiciya, tare da dogaye, ga mafi yawan tsayin tsinkaye, wanda ba a rufe shi ba, an rufe shi da karamin tsinkaye talus, tare da gajeren yatsunsu da yatsu. Maza manya da mata na kunar bakin wake suna da launi iri daya, launin ruwan kasa akan ƙarancin ƙusoshin tare da tsallake-tsalle mai tashi da wutsiya, kan kai mai launin shuɗi, yaƙin gefe mai duhu mai duhu tare da amai da rawaya mai launin fata a kirji da ciki. Birdsan kananan tsuntsayen shaho wanda ke cikin fararen kaya na shekara-shekara sune launin ruwan kasa akan ƙarancin baya, mai farin jini a kan ƙwallon ƙafa wanda ke da launin launin shuɗi mai launin fata a kirji, ciki da tsintsiniyar tibia, tare da tabo launin fata a gefunan. Gashinsa, gashin kansa tare da iyakoki masu haske. Beak da kambori baki ne, bakan gizo, kakin zuma da kafafu rawaya. Shakkawar Hawk ta zauna a cikin gandun daji mai rikitarwa ko gauraye, cike da wuraren buɗe wurare, da fi son wuraren da ke kusa da fadama ko tafkuna, saboda gaskiyar cewa amintattun mutane sune manyan abincinta. Kari akan haka, dan iska mai shaye shaye yana ci da mayuka, macizai, kananan macizai. Hawk buzzard nests akan bishiyoyi. Clutch of 2-4 farin qwai, a farkon Mayu. Ba a fahimci cikakkun bayanai game da kiwo ba. Hawk buzzard wani tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura wanda yake yin sanyi a kudu maso gabashin Asiya kuma a adadi kaɗan a tsibiran Indo-Ostiraliya.
Habitat
Rarearancin da ba a sani ba tare da iyaka mai iyaka wanda ke shiga Rasha akan mamayar arewacin. Tsawon reshe shine 300-330 mm. Yankin gandun daji na Gabas mai nisa.
Yaɗa. A cikin Rasha, kuli a cikin Primorye da kuma kudanci na Yankin Amur, zuwa yamma zuwa rafin kogi. Bureya. A arewacin gefen kwarin kogin. An rarraba Cupid zuwa bakin kogin. Gorin. Har ila yau, ƙwanƙolin kwari a kan gangara na gabas na kunya. Sikhote-Alin zuwa Terney Bay da kuma Tsibirin Popov a cikin Peter Great Bay. Tsuntsayen mazauna galibin gandun daji a cikin kwari (1,2). Aka rarraba shi a arewa maso gabashin China, a kan yankin Koriya da kuma Japan (3).
Lambar. A cikin 30s - 40s. wannan karni ya zama ruwan dare gama-gari na Primorye. A shekarun baya bayan nan, ya zama abin duniya gabaɗaya. Babu takamaiman bayani game da lambar (1,4,5).
Iyakan abubuwan. Rage adadi ya na faruwa ne sakamakon canje-canje a mazauna (gandun daji, gobara), harba tsuntsayen ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, kuma, mai yiwuwa, harbi yayin ƙaura da kuma hunturu a kan Fr. Taiwan da Philippines, musamman kan batun. Taiwan a cikin 60s An yi farautar buhun girki guda dubu a shekara (6).
Matakan tsaro. An jera wannan ra'ayi a shafi ta II ga taron CITES. Ya kamata a aiwatar da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a kuma ya kamata a bincika wuraren farauta don ƙirƙirar wuraren kariya.
Tushen bayanin: 1. Vorobiev, 1954, 2. Kistyakovsky, Smogorzhevsky, 1972, 3. Stepanyan, 1975, 4. Spangenberg, 1965, 5. Nazarenko (Sadarwar sirri), 6. Severinghaus, 1970. Kamfanin V. A ya haɗa shi Nechaev.
Alamomin waje na shaho
Hawk buzzard yana da girman kusan 46 cm da fikafikan of 101 - 110 cm. nauyirsa shine gram 375 - 433.
Hawk Buzzard (Karin bayani)
Wannan tsuntsu mai matsakaicin tsinkaye yana da silifas mai fasali mai fasalin launi, wanda yake da ƙanƙan jiki, dogayen fikaɗe, wutsiya madaidaiciya da ƙafafu masu santsi. Plarfafa da damƙa na tsuntsayen manya shine launin ruwan kasa a saman, amma yana kama da shuɗi a cikin haskoki na haske. Sama daga sama tare da ƙananan jijiyoyi na baƙi da manyan fadakarwa da fararen launi masu girma dabam dabam. Tsakiyar goshi, hular kwano, bangarorin kai, wuya da kuma na sama na alkyabbar mafi yawancin launin toka ne. A launi na plumage bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin toka-launin ruwan kasa a launi tare da ratsi uku na baƙar fata. Duk fuka-fukai na farko suna baki ne.
Akwai farin tabo a bangon kai, ƙaramin fari yana kan gefen goshin. Kunnan gaba daya fari ne, amma raunin tsakiya da na gefe suna duhu. Akwai faffadar farin rawaya da launin ruwan kasa a kirji, ciki, flanks da kwatangwalo. Duk fuka-fukan da ke ƙarƙashin wutsiya sun kusan fari fari. Plwararren yara masu girke girkewar samari masu hazaka suna da ƙarin raunin launin ruwan kasa tare da fadakarwa da launin toka da jan sautuna. Goshin ya fara fari, tare da daskararrun gira a saman cheeks da lamuran da za'a iya lura da su.
A cikin tsuntsaye manya, iris mai launin rawaya. Voskovitsa launin rawaya - ruwan lemo, kafafu suna launin rawaya. Buan wasan buzz suna da launin ruwan bakan gizo ko launin ruwan rawaya mai haske. Kakin zuma mai launin shuɗi.
Hawk bazzard yana zaune a cikin gandun daji masu hade da bishiyoyi tare da ganye mai fadi
Habitat Buzzard Habitat
Hawk bazzard yana zaune a cikin gandun daji masu hade da bishiyoyi da furanni masu fadi, haka kuma a cikin dazuzzukan budewa. Yana faruwa a koguna ko kuma kusa da marsashi da peat bogs. Ya fi son zama a cikin mawuyacin ƙasa, a cikin tsaunuka, a kan tuddai na ƙananan tuddai da kwari.
Masu cin nasara a cikin filayen shinkafa, a cikin wuraren da ba su da murfin daji da kuma filayen da ke da wuraren dazuzzukan kurmi. Yana bayyana a cikin ƙananan wuraren kwance kuma a gefen rairayin bakin teku. Ya tashi daga matakin teku zuwa mita 1,800 ko kuma mita 2,000.
Rarraba hauka dan iska
Hawk buzzard ɗan asalin ƙasashen Asiya ne. A cikin bazara da lokacin rani ana samunsa ne a wani yanki mai suna Gabas ta Palearctic. Tana zaune a Yankin Gabashin Rasha zuwa Manchuria (lardin Heilongkiang na kasar Sin, Liaoning da Hebei). Yankin yankin yana ci gaba a arewacin lardin Koriya da kuma Japan (a tsakiyar tsibirin Honshu, har da Shikoku, Kyushu da Izushoto).
Shahararrun masu shaye shaye suna yin dogon zirga-zirga a farkon lokacin farawar
Jirgin ruwan shayi yana yin hunturu a Kudancin China a Taiwan, a cikin kasashen tsohuwar Indochina, wadanda suka hada da Burma, Tailandia, Yanayin Malesiya, Manyan tsibirin Sunda zuwa Sulawesi da Philippines. Duk da yawan shimfidar ƙasa, ana ɗaukar wannan nau'in monotypique kuma baya samar da ƙungiyoyi.
Siffofin halayyar shaye shaye
Buan wasa Hawk suna zaune shi kaɗai ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i a lokacin farauta ko a lokacin hunturu. Af, a Kudancin Japan, suna kafa ƙauyuka da dama ko ma dubunnan tsuntsayen da ke taruwa a kan rokoki ko a wuraren hutawa. Hawk buzzards suna ƙaura cikin ƙananan gungu a cikin bazara kuma a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi a kaka. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna barin wuraren farautarsu daga tsakiyar Satumba zuwa farkon Nuwamba, suna tashi a kudu da Japan, da tsibirin Nansei kuma kai tsaye zuwa Taiwan, Philippines da Sulawesi. Sake bugun kunar bakin wake.
Hawk buzzards a farkon lokacin fara haihuwa yana yin tsalle-tsalle mai tsayi madaidaiciya shi kadai ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i.
Suna bin motsi a cikin iska tare da tsawa akai-akai. Ba a lura da wasu dabaru a cikin wannan nau'in tsuntsu na ganima.
Jirgin sama mai iska Hawk yana gina gida a tsayi tsakanin mita 5 zuwa 12 sama da ƙasa
Hawzz buzzards ta fara daga Mayu zuwa Yuli. Sun gina gida mafi kyau daga sakakkun ƙananan layuka, rassan, wani lokacin kuma itace na reeds. Diamita na ginin ya bambanta daga 40 zuwa 50 santimita. A ciki akwai rufin ganye mai ganye, ciyawa, allurai Pine, raunin haushi. Gida yana da nisan tsayi tsakanin mita 5 zuwa 12 a saman ƙasa, yawanci akan bishiyar disiferous ko itace mai bushewa. Matar tana sanya ƙwai sau biyu (2-4) da kwan-kwanno daga kwanaki 28 zuwa 30. Tsuntsayen matasa suna barin gida bayan kwanaki 34 ko 36.
Ciyar da Hawk Buzzard
Buzzards baƙi ke shayar da kwaya, bugu da manyan kwari. Tsuntsaye suna farauta a cikin yankuna da bushewa. Suna ciyar da kananun macizai, karnuka da tsoka. Neman ganima daga farfajiyar kallo, wanda aka shirya akan busasshiyar itace ko doguwar tarho, hasken rana yayi kyau. Daga bakin kwanton ruwa har zuwa kasa don kama wanda aka cutar. Suna aiki, musamman a sanyin safiya da maraice.
Hawk Buzzard yana neman ganima
Dalilai na raguwa a yawan adadin shaye shaye
Yawan yawaitar hazo ya canza sosai. A karni na karshe, an dauki wannan nau'in tsuntsayen ganima a Kudancin Primorye. Daga baya kuma sai aka fara yada jita-jita a cikin Ussuri Territory a cikin kwarin Amur da ke Koriya. Haɓaka lambobi yana da alaƙa da ci gaba mai zurfi na gabashin gabashin Rasha, wanda ya haifar da fitowar yanayin halayen kyawawan halayen kiwo. An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar ƙaruwa a yawan amphibians da kuma samar da wuraren da suka dace don farauta - manyan gandun daji tare da wuraren kiwo, makiyaya, wuraren kiwo da wuraren kiwo.
A farkon shekarun 70s an sami raguwar yawan tsuntsayen ganima, ta hanyar amfani da magungunan kashe qwari.
Wataƙila harbi na tsuntsaye a lokacin ƙaura shima ya shafa.
Koyaya, har ma a Japan, inda akwai bincike mai yawa kan ilimin halittar shaho, ba a samun bayanai kan yawan mutane da nau'ikan mutane daban-daban. An gano yawancin tsuntsaye dubu da yawa a kudancin Kuyshu a farkon Oktoba. Bayan bayanan da basu cika ba, girman mazaunin murabba'in kilomita 1,800,000 ne kuma adadin tsuntsayen gabaɗaya, kodayake a raguwa yake, ya wuce mutane 100,000.
Hawk buzzard an jera shi a cikin Shafi 2 CITES. Wannan nau'in ana kiyaye shi ta hanyar Annex 2 na yarjejeniyar Bonn. Bugu da kari, an ambaci shi a cikin Annex na yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya da Rasha ta yanke tare da Japan, Jamhuriyar Korea da DPRK game da kare tsuntsayen masu ƙaura. Mainasashen duniya suna fuskantar halin matsananciyar wahala, a Japan kuma ƙungiyar sharar iska tana cikin kyakkyawan yanayi.
Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.
