Kifi shaidan * Fishe

Send

Dimorphism na jima'i a cikin duk ɗaukakarsa. Nuna shi kifin shaidan. Namiji da mace na wannan halitta mai zurfi, kamar dai daga duniyoyi daban-daban. Matan sun kai tsawon mita 2 kuma suna da walƙiya a kan kawunansu.

Tekun shaidan kifi

Tana haskakawa a cikin ruwan ruwa, yana jan ganima. Maza shaidan kifi 4-santimita, an hana shi da na'urar wutar lantarki. Wannan ba shine kawai gaskiyar abin ban sha'awa game da halittar teku mai zurfi ba.

Bayani da fasali na kifin shaidan

Kifin shaidan a cikin hoto da alama m. Mutane da yawa suna ruduwa da bayyanar dabbar, wanda aka kwatanta shi da shaidan. Daga daidaitaccen kifin shaidan ya bambanta:

Jiki jikin. Ya zama kamar an tako a saman.
Babban kai. Yana lissafin kashi biyu cikin uku na dabbar.
Kamar dai jikin triangular, ke shafawa wuya wutsiya.
Kusan kwaɗo gill slits.
Babbar bakin da ke jujjuyawa a kewayen dukkan kewayen kai. Jajayen sama sun fi na sama ƙarfi. Latterarshe yana turawa gaba. Kifi yana da abun ciye-ciye.
Hakoran suna da kaifi kuma mai lankwasa ciki.
Sassauya da motsi na kasusuwa. Suna tafiya baya kamar maciji, suna mai iya hadiye abin da ya fi girma fiye da mafarayin da kansa.
Smallarami, zagaye da idanu mai kafaɗa. An rage su zuwa hanci, kamar amare.
Karshe kashi biyu. Fushin sa yana kan wutsiya da taushi. Yankin gaban goshin yana sanye da farar fuka guda 6. Uku daga cikinsu sun tafi wurin kifin. An canja raywar gaban zuwa jaw kuma yana da kauri. Ana kiranta Eska, bauta a matsayin gida don ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Kasancewar kasusuwa cikin kasusuwa. Wannan partially yana basu aikin kafa. Aljanun suna motsawa a kan ƙusoshin a ƙasa, suna rarrafe ko tsalle ta hanyar da ta dace. Ikon yin iyo ruwan shaidanun aljannu ma ba tare da su ba. Fins kuma suna taimakawa ga ta tono a cikin ƙasa, suna ɓoyewa daga idanuwan da suke zubewa.

Tekun Caspian na Iblis

Launin kifin ya dogara da mazaunin mazauni. Dabbar tana sake bayyana kanta a matsayin shimfidar ƙasa. Don haɗu da shi, shaidan yana amfani da launuka masu launi ba kawai ba, har ma ya yi kan jiki. A cikin nau'ikan halittu, suna kama da murjani, algae, lemun tsami.

Habitat

Duk kifi shaidanu ne masu zurfin teku, amma ga digiri dabam-dabam. Wanda ya isa mita 18. Wasu suna hawa zuwa zurfin kilomita 2-3.5. Geographically, wakilan abubuwan halittu suna zaune:

bude sararin samaniya na Tekun Atlantika
Yankin Arewa, Barents da Tekun Baltic
Ruwan Japan, Korea da Gabas ta Tsakiya
zurfin Tekun Pacific da Tekun Indiya
Ruwan Tekun Bahar Maliya

Kasancewa kifayen ƙasa, aljanun teku “suna” cin abinci masu kyau na tsarkakakken ruwa da tsabta daidai. Saboda haka, bayyanar dabbobi masu ƙyalli suna haɗuwa tare da kyakkyawan dandano.

Aljanu na hanta da na ruwa na karkashin ruwa ana ɗaukar su abin ci ne. Misali, Turawa, suna tursasa shi sosai wanda a shekarar 2017 an hana sayar da shaidan a Ingila don adana yawan kifayen.

Budegassa ko Bakar fata-Shaidan

Dukkanin "aljannu" suna rayuwa a tekuna. Babu shaidanun kogi. Wannan idan yazo ga kifi ne. Ga labari labari “Kogin shaidan" akwai. Diana Whiteside ne ya rubuta littafin. Labarin soyayya, ya ba da labarin wani attajiri mai hawa a kan Kogin Missouri.

Iri nau'in Kifin Iblis

Babban mahimmancin jinsin halittu yana da alaƙa da mazauninsu. Akwai aji 7:

Turai biri An gano farkon kifin shaidan a cikin 1758. Ya kai tsawon mita 2. Babban nauyin shine kilo 30. Launi na wakilan nau'ikan launin ruwan kasa ne, mai launin shuɗi ko launin kore. Abubuwan duhu masu duhu suna kasancewa akan asalin. Abun ciki na kifi fari ne.
Budegassa ko shaidan mai bakar fata. Yayi kama da na Turai, amma kai ya fi kunkuntar kuma ciki ya yi duhu. Har yanzu baki shaidan kifi karami fiye da dangi na Turai, ke tsiro kawai zuwa tsawon mita. An buɗe ra'ayi a cikin 1807.
Shaidan teku na Amurka. An buɗe a 1837. A tsayi, kifin ba ya wuce santimita 120, yana nauyin kilo 23. Cutar kifayen fararen fata ne, kuma bangarorin da baya suna launin ruwan kasa.
Ra'ayin Cape. Mafi oblate na duka anglers. Yana kuma da mafi ƙanƙanta da gajeru jiki. Fiye da mita ba mazaunin zurfin ba ya girma. An fentin kifi a launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Bakin yana da fashewa kamar yayi kama da algae. A zahiri, wannan fatar shaidan ce. Saboda kamannin sa da wurin da yake bakin bakin kifin, an sa wa dabbar suna beaf shaidan. Wannan ra'ayi, kamar na Amurkawa, aka buɗe a 1837. A ƙananan muƙamuƙi kamun kifi 3 layuka na hakora.
Layin Tekun Gabas mai nisa. An buɗe a cikin 1902. A tsayi, kifin ya kai mita 1.5. Shaidan na Gabas ya bambanta da makwabta a cikin wutsiya mai tsini. Hakora akan ƙananan muƙamuƙin wakilan nau'ikan an shirya su a cikin layuka 2. Launin dabba mai launin ruwan kasa ne. Akwai bayyanannu masu haske tare da raunin duhu.
Ra'ayin Afirka Ta Kudu. An buɗe a cikin 1903. Kifi kusan kusan m, ya fi kyau. A cikin tsayi, wakilan nau'in sun isa mita, kuma suna da nauyin kilo 14.
Kasuwancin Yammacin Atlanta. An buɗe a cikin 1915. A tsayin daka, kifin bai wuce santimita 60 ba. Launin da ke tsakanin dabba ita ce launin ruwan kasa launin ruwan hoda. Yankunan fata a kan shaidan na Yammacin Turai ba su da yawa kuma ba a bayyana su.

Tekun Iblis Stingray

A cikin shaidanun teku akwai ƙananan ƙananan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ruwa, misali, kifin zaki. In ba haka ba, ana kiran shi taguwar mashaya. An zana kifin tare da shuɗi, farar fata, baƙar fata, shuɗi mai ruwan shunayya.

Shaidan akwatin kifaye yana da ƙusoshin kayan ado musamman da ƙarancin wuta. A cikin adalci, mun lura cewa a cikin tekuna akwai wani shaidan. Don haka ake kiran ɗayan ɓarna. Su ma suna cikin kifin. An gano shaidan teku a shekara ta 1792.

Insashin gashin kifaye an yi kusan zuwa ga siffar triangular kuma an yi shi a gaba, kamar ƙaho. Saboda haka, tarayya da shaidan ya tashi. Wannan tsarin ƙonewar shine saboda kasancewarsu cikin aiwatar da jagorancin abinci a cikin bakin ƙwanƙolin.

Abinci shaidan kifi

Dukkan shaidanun teku shaidanu ne. Kamar yadda banda, kifi ya hau saman ruwa, farauta don herring da mackerel. Wani lokacin aljannu na teku suna kama tsuntsayen da suke birgima a kan raƙuman ruwa. Amma yawanci magabatan kasa suna farauta a kasan, kama can:

Beidan shaidan

squid da sauran cephalopods
gerbil
jijiyoyin wuya
kwali
fama
baki
kananan sharks
crustaceans

Aljanu suna jiran wadanda aka kamun kifi, suna ɓoye a ƙasa. Hasken “fitilun” maharbin yana jan hankalin mazaunan zurfafa. Lokacinda wadanda abin ya shafa zasu cutar da mai bautar, iblis yana buɗe bakinsa da ƙarfi. Vacaranci yana buɗewa a yankinsa, kuma ana canza canje-canje. Wani mai yin iyo a zahiri yana jawo kifin a bakinsa. Komai game da komai yana ɗaukar 6 milise seconds.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Shaidan teku - kifi, wanda ya haɗu da abokin tarayya a cikin gaskiyar ma'anar kalmar. Minian ƙaramin miji ya ciji mace. Wannan zai fara ɓoye enzymes waɗanda ke tabbatar da haɗuwar sassan jikin biyu. Koda jijiyoyin jini sukan taru. Iyakar kwayoyin cutar ne kawai suke “kasancewa cikin kwanciyar hankali”.

Random hoto na teku shaidan, wanda saboda wasu dalilai surfaced

Femaleaya mace na cije shi. Don haka mace tana samun yawan isasshen maniyyi. Irin wannan tsari ya samar da aljannu da rayuwa har tsawon miliyoyin shekaru. Tsarin yana ɗaukar relict.

Ba a yi nazarin yadda ake yin ciki da haihuwa a cikin kifin shaidan ba daki-daki. Yanayin rayuwar teku mai zurfi na shiga tsakani. Don haka ana kiran dabbobi ne saboda fitilun da ke haskaka fuskoki. Suna jujjuyawa cikin ruwa kamar iyo, kuma aikin "magance" yana yin kama da sandar kamun kifi na al'ada.

Shaidan teku na Amurka

Ang Angola suka fara kiwo:

A ƙarshen hunturu, idan suna zaune a kudu latitude.
A tsakiyar bazara ko farkon lokacin bazara, idan suna zaune a yankunan arewacin.
A ƙarshen bazara, lokacin da ya zo ga angler na Japan.

Qwai na monkfish an haɗa su cikin tef 50-90 santimita mai fadi. Tsawon zane ya kai mita 12. Kauri daga tef shine santimita 0,5 kuma ya kunshi:

gamsai forming 6-gefe compartments
qwai da kansu, a kulle ɗaya a lokaci guda a cikin dakin

Iblis kifin caviar yana gudana cikin yardar kaina a cikin ruwa shafi. Clothaya daga cikin zane ya ƙunshi capsules miliyan 1-3 tare da tayi. Amarya na kewaye da jikin tayi. Bai yarda da maslahar ta zauna a kasa ba.Kwayoyin mucous an lalace a hankali, ƙwai kuma suna iyo.

Shaidan atlantic na yamma

Ba a daidaita ƙananan ƙwayoyin Anglerfish daga sama, kamar manya. Kuna iya ganin sandunan a saman ruwa, inda suke rayuwa farkon makonni 17 na rayuwa. Bayan dabbobi sun nutse a ƙasa. Masu zafin rai a can zasu sake rayuwa tsawon shekaru 10-30, gwargwadon irin kifin.

Gano "shaidan teku"

A karo na farko, Johann Valbaum, masanin ilimin dabbobi na ƙasar Jamus, likita da masanin halitta, ya bayyana kuma ya ba da wannan dabba. Ya kira shi Raja birostris, kuma wannan ya faru, ta ka'idojin tarihi, ba da daɗewa ba - a 1792. Ya kamata a sani cewa tarihin waɗannan sun fi rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice, idan aka kwatanta da sauran rayayyun halittu: sama da ƙarni biyu aka basu sunayen 'yan' sunaye 25 da kuma kusan iri-iri. A cikin ilimin kimiyyar zamani, an san sunan Manta birostris. Har zuwa kwanan nan, an yi imani da cewa kifayen "shaidan teku" - kawai wakilin giant manta haskoki. Koyaya, a cikin 2009 an gano wani nau'in, Manta alfredi, wanda ke da bambance-bambance iri-iri a bayyanar, a cikin ci gaba, da kuma ilimin halittar jiki, amma iri ɗaya ne a cikin girman, abinci da salon rayuwa.

Tarihi da tatsuniyoyi

Kifin "shaidan teku" (hoto a sama) ya sami sunan barkwanci saboda nau'ikan kifin gashin kai - suna kai tsaye ga abincin bakinsu. Daga waje, suna kama da ƙaho, kuma suna da girman mutum, ba abin mamaki bane cewa ya haifar da fargaba ga matafiya a teku. Turawa da ke iyo a cikin ruwa na ruwa sun yi imani cewa idan kifin shaidan ya yi fushi, zai nutsar da jirgin, kuma zai bi shi da fushi da juriya. A kudu maso gabas na Asiya, haɗuwa da ray ray man yana nufin (kuma har yanzu yana nufin) matsaloli da matsaloli masu zuwa. An yi imanin cewa babban katon jiki yana aiki a matsayin mayafi don rufe ganima mara dadi da nufin nishadantar da shi (a cewar wani sigar - murkushewa, idan mutum ya yiwa dodo laifin wani abu).

Kifi "shaidan teku": bayanin

Yankin yana da girman girma na rhomboid pectoral fins - a cikin manyan samfurori adadinsu ya kai mita bakwai. A gaban, sun wuce zuwa ƙashin kai, wanda akwai babban fadi. Idanun suna kan bangarorin, da kuma goge - a cikin wani gibin - daga gindin kai. Komawar teku shaidan yayi duhu (baƙi ko kauri mai kauri), ciki mai haske ne. Haka kuma, watsar da aibobi ya zama wajibi akan sa. Sanannen abu ne cewa lambar su da matsayin su gaba ɗaya ne - kamar yatsan mutum. Amma game da nauyi, babban mutum wani lokacin yakan kai tan biyu da rabi.

Rayuwa a cikin teku

Ko da menene suka ce, komai irin mummunan labarin da suka ƙirƙira, kifayen "shaidan teku" suna cin abinci kamar kifi Whales - plankton da ƙananan crustaceans. Don wannan dalili, bakinta yana sanye da kayan aiki na musamman don tace abinci, wanda ya ƙunshi faranti gill. Ganin girman manti, ba abin mamaki bane cewa an tilasta shi ci kusan ci gaba.

Abokan halitta na waɗannan halittu masu kisa ne da manyan kifayen kifayen. Suna kaiwa kan manya ne kawai idan sun jikkata da lafiya, amma suna farauta ne da zakoki.

Ba kamar yawancin manti ba, sun kasance mazaunan layuka na ruwa na sama. Ba za su taɓa yin zurfin zurfafa ba.

Sake bugun mantas

Don ci gaba da tatsuniyar, gungun manyan mutane suna tashi zuwa gabar Mozambique. Lokacinsu na dabbar ta hanyar da suka dace A wannan lokacin, zaku iya lura da yawan wakilan nau'ikan "shaidan teku". Bayanin irin zaman da suka yi, wanda masana kimiyya da teku da yawa suka bayar, ya danganta wannan tsari a matsayin kyakkyawar gani. Maza suna bin mace a shirye don ɗaukar ciki, kuma da yawan saurin gudu, yawanci ba halayyar mantawar haskoki bane. Matar "shaidan teku" ta haife ɗa daya kawai, lokuta tagwaye masu wuya. A cikin farkon matakan bayan kyankyasar, dan ya zauna a cikin mahaifiyarsa kuma ya ci abinci Bayan haihuwa, kifin "shaidan teku" yana da mita da inci ɗaya da nauyinsa kilo goma. Jariri sabo ya bi mahaifiyarsa ko'ina. Matar tana jagorantar zuriya a kaikaice - watse yana faruwa a shekara biyu da uku.

Hadarin halaka

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kifin "shaidan teku" bashi da abokan gaba na zahiri. Amma ga mutum mai hadarin gaske. Wannan nama da hanta ana ɗaukarsu azaman na dafuwa, kuma daga cikin Sinawa ma ana amfani dasu sosai wajen magani. Masunta ne 'yan kasar China da ke yin lamuran kawar da shaidan, tare da ziyartar Nuwamba a tekun Mozambique. Idan akayi la’akari da yadda sannu-sanan manya-manyan ganyayyaki suke haifarwa, kuma gaskiyar cewa wannan wuri ya zabi ta hanyar dabbar ta hanyar cancanta, ana iya jayayya cewa har sai da ruwan da ke kusa da Mozambique ya sami kariya, barazanar warwatse na mantas ba zai shuɗe ba.

Abubuwan tarkace na “Tekun Iblis”

Duk da cewa kifin "shaidan na teku" ana yin nazari sosai, masan kimiyya ba duka asirin sa bane. Da farko dai, babu wanda zai ce dalilin da yasa suke yin aure kusa da Mozambique kuma a ina suke bi. Ramaukar matakan aiki ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaura ne kawai kuma "tafiya" a duk inda idanunsu suke kallo.

Ba wani abin da zai rage asirin da ya zama al'adarsu ta tsallake daga ruwa ta koma baya tare da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Masana kimiyya daban-daban sun gabatar da juzu'a iri daban-daban akan wannan darajan:

Wanne ne daga cikin maganganun na gaskiya, watakila, zai zama sananne a nan gaba, ba shakka, idan ɗan adam da wannan halitta ba su fassara zuwa ɓangaren lalata ba.

Hoto: filipmije (kunnawa da kashe)

Ba a ba da dabbobi ga wani abu da za'a iya amfani dashi azaman kariya daga masu kare maharan. Ba babbar hakora ba, ko ragi, ko kuma yiwuwar girgiza wutar lantarki, kamar yadda abubuwa suke yi. Mantas galibi sune waɗanda sauran mazaunan teku ke fama da su. Manyan kifin sharks musamman son farautarsu. Idan a tsakiyar ƙarni na ƙarshe, mutane sun ɗauki Bahar Maliya mai haɗari ga mutane, yanzu kowa yasan cewa babu buƙatar tsoronsu.

Hoto: Tim

Babban abincin Tekun Iblis shine plankton, ƙananan kifi da larvae. Kamar kifi Whales, manti yana buɗe bakinsu baki ɗaya, yana haɗi da ƙananan abincinsu, sa’annan, bayan ya tace ruwa, barin abinci a bakinsu.
Manty suna da hankali sosai. Girman kwakwalwar su ya wuce girman kwakwalwar tauraron dan adam da kuma kifayen kifi. Suna da sauƙi a hora kuma suna ƙaunar su. Wasu masu yawon bude ido musamman suna zuwa hutawa a bakin Tekun Tekun Indiya don yin iyo tare da gefen Tekun Shaidan. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da son sani kuma idan sun ga wani abu mai ban sha'awa a saman ruwa, sai su iyo zuwa wurin don lura da abin da ke faruwa. Wani lokaci irin wannan son zuciya yakan yiwa wannan halittar illa.

Hoto: Saschj

Ofayan ɗayan abubuwan da Manta ya fi so shine tsalle-tsalle akan ruwa zuwa tsayin mita ɗaya da rabi. Ana jiyo saurin manyan dabbar a tsawon mil da yawa. Dalilin irin wadannan wasannin ba a bayyane yake ba, amma wataƙila ta wannan hanyar, Tekun Iblis ya jawo hankalin kishiyar maza ko yayi ƙoƙari ya ɓoye ƙananan kifin, wanda aka haɗa a cikin abincinsa.
Fitowar san marmari a cikin Manta baƙon abu bane. Mace na haihuwar 'ya'ya ɗaya kacal. Tsawon haihuwarsa mita ne! Ana haihuwar karamar aljanin teku a cikin wani bututu mai narkewa, amma, kasancewa a waje da mahaifar mahaifiyar, yana shimfiɗa fikafikansa nan take. Daga wannan lokacin, ya fara "tashi" a kusa da mahaifiyarsa a da'irori.

Hoto: Steve Dunleavy

Kuna iya ganin ɓarnatar da Mantoux a cikin aquariums. Amma a duk faɗin duniya akwai wurare biyar kawai, saboda iyakokin akwatin kifaye na dabbar dabbar ta zama mafi girma. Yana da ban mamaki cewa a cikin bauta, manti kuma suna haifuwa, saboda ba za su mutu ba, idan aka tabbatar da cewa da wuya su samar da nasu nau'in. Shayar da Shaidan Iblis cikin bauta wani aiki ne mai wahala da tsayi, amma ya cancanci hakan. Seaaya daga cikin Tekun Shaidan an haife shi a cikin akwatin kifaye, wanda ke cikin Japan. Taron ya faru ne a cikin 2007 kuma an watsa ta telev. Loveaunar mutum ga wannan dabba, mai amsawa ga ƙauna, ta zo da wani ɗan jinkiri, kuma yanzu ana ɗaukar Manta ɗayan dabbobin da suka shahara a duniya.

Kifayen kifi kasance a cikin gatan gatanen kifin - farantin gill. Mantas su ne mafi girman nau'ikan gangara, wanda zai iya kaiwa tsawon cm 200. Tsawon fikafikan nasu ya kai 700 cm, kuma nauyin kifin manti zai iya kaiwa kilogiram 2000. Wadannan kifayen suna da bambanci na mutum - ƙyallen ɗan adam, wanda yayi kama da ƙaho, sun zama dalilin sunan barkwanci da aka haɗe da manti "shaidan teku" .

Kifin Manti suna da bakin da ke da faɗi sosai, wanda ke gefen fashin kai. Kamar sauran ƙwayoyin gwari, manti suna da kayan aiki na musamman da ake kira tacewa. Ya ƙunshi faranti na abinci, inda aka tace abinci - ƙananan kifi, planktonic da crustaceans.

Ina ne kifin manti suke zaune?

Mantas don neman abinci na iya yin tafiya mai nisa sosai, koyaushe suna bin motsin plankton. Waɗannan suna da farin jini.

Mantas sun sami damar motsawa cikin ruwa a cikin ruwa, suna jujjuya fikafikan su "cikin sauki kuma da alheri. Wani lokaci zaka iya ganin mantas, godiya ga gaskiyar cewa suna son yin kwance akan ruwa. Don su zauna a kan ruwan, sai su lanƙwasa ɗayan ƙashin ƙugu don gefensa ya fito.

Shaidanun tekun an san su da tsalle daga cikin ruwa. A wannan yanayin, manti na iya tashi 150 cm sama da saman ta. Ana jin sautin babban manti da ke faɗowa cikin ruwa kamar tsawa kuma ana iya jin sa da nisan mil da dama.

Shin kifin Manta shine maƙiyi?

Manta ba mai zafin rai ba ne saboda haka ba ya fuskantar hatsari ga mai maye. Amma taɓa fata na wannan gangara, wanda aka rufe da ƙananan fayafa, zai haifar da lalata da gogewa. A bayan manti baƙar fata ne kuma ciki yana da fararen fata.

Waɗannan katuwar ƙwarƙwara ana iya samunsa a cikin ruwa mai ruwa na tekuna daban-daban da tekuna. Manti suna zaune a cikin ruwa ruwa kuma sau da yawa iyo a cikin teku.

Mantes suna da hakora ne kawai a ƙananan muƙamuƙin, girman kowane ɗayansu yayi daidai da girman girman fil. Partangaren sashin kowane haƙoran yana da shimfiɗa wanda ba shi da kaifi tare da ragowa masu rauni. Wadannan hakora basu da hannu yayin shan abinci. Zasu iya cika manufar tsabta, kuma suna da mahimmanci yayin yin farauta.

Manty kifi kiwo

Kamar sauran nau'ikan maganganu, manti yakan samu ta hanyar hadi na ciki. A cikin tsarin mazan ire-iren wadannan sakonnin akwai wasu azzakari-kamar gabobin da ke tasowa daga cikin ƙashin ƙashin ƙugu na cikin wannan rigar. Kowane ɗayan gabobin suna da hutawa ta hanyar abin da ƙwayoyin namiji suke shiga jikin mace, inda ake yin hadi.

A yayin yin nishadi, abubuwa da yawa na iya yin kokarin dogon lokaci don cimma kaunar daya daga cikin mata. Amma, a ƙarshe, ƙaramin rabo mafi nasara yana kama da sashin da ke saman fikafikan bakin mace tare da haƙoransa kuma yana tura shi cikin ciki. Kuma ko ta yaya dai itace wani daga cikin azzakarinsa-kamar gabobin zai shiga cikin kwano a wannan lokacin.

Tsawon lokacin da aka sami daidaituwa shine minti 1.5. Matar wannan rigar tana kawo guda ɗaya, amma ƙanƙan ƙwararraƙi mai nauyin kilogram 10 da faɗin kusan cm 125 Lokacin haihuwa, yana fitowa wutsiya-da-gaban daga mahaifar mahaifiya, tana haɗa ta cikin sililin kuma tana buɗewa nan take, yayin da ta fara girgiza ƙashin da ke ciki a kirji.

Dimorphism na jima'i a cikin duk ɗaukakarsa. Nuna shi kifin shaidan . Namiji da mace na wannan halitta mai zurfi, kamar dai daga duniyoyi daban-daban. Matan sun kai tsawon mita 2 kuma suna da walƙiya a kan kawunansu.

Tekun shaidan kifi

Tana haskakawa a cikin ruwan ruwa, yana jan ganima. Maza na Iblis suna da tsawo tsawon santimita 4, ba su da wutar fitila. Wannan ba shine kawai gaskiyar abin ban sha'awa game da halittar teku mai zurfi ba.

Bayyanar fasalin maharbi

Kifin shaidan yana da ƙyama ga mutane da yawa saboda bayyanar mummuna. Dabba tana da babban kai, jikin mara nauyi, maras kyau a cikin faifai da bakin baki. Wani fasalin kifin shaidan shi ne kasancewar fitowar fitilun a jikin mata, wanda ke jan hankalin abin da ke cikin ruwan duhu.

p, blockquote 3,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Vertebrates sune masu haƙoran haƙora na cikin ciki, sassauyawa da juyawa mai juyawa, ƙarami, zagaye, idanu mai kafaɗa. Finfin dorsal yana da bangare biyu, wani sashi mai laushi kuma yana nan kusa da wutsiyar, ɗayan yana da ɗigon peculiar da ke zuwa ga kifin. A cikin ƙusoshin da ke kan kirji, akwai ƙasusuwa masu kwarangwal waɗanda ke ba ku damar yin fyaɗe tare da ƙasan har ma tsalle. Tare da taimakon ƙusoshin, za a iya binne gadaje a ƙasa.

p, blockquote 4,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Mace na iya kaiwa tsawon mita 2, yayin da maza ke yin girma zuwa 4 cm.

p, blockquote 5,1,0,0,0 ->

Iri daban-daban na kifi

Yawanci, kifin shaidan yana da zurfi. Wasu wakilan vertebrates na iya nutse har zuwa 18 m, yayin da wasu zuwa 3.5 km. Kuna iya samun kifin shaidan a cikin ruwa na Tekun Atlantika, Indiya da Pacific Ocean, da kuma a cikin Baƙi, Baltic, Barents da Tekun Arewa. An lura da wata dabba mai ruwa a cikin ruwan Japan, Korea da kuma yankuna na Russia.

p, blockquote 6.0,0,0,0,0 ->

Duk da mummunan bayyanar, kifin shaidan yana da kyau kuma yana da ɗanɗano mai kyau. Matsayi a cikin zurfin yana ba ka damar iyo a cikin ruwa mafi tsabta kuma zaɓi mafi kyawu ga kanka. Abincin nama na tsaye, wanda ya haɗa da hanta, ana ɗaukar shi ainihin kayan ci ne.

p, blockquote 7,0,0,0,0 ->

Dangane da mazauninsu, akwai rarrabuwa ga kifayen shaidan:

p, blockquote 8,0,0,1,0 ->

Turai monkfish - girma har zuwa mita 2, nauyi na iya zama kilogiram 30. A waje, yana da launi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da abubuwa masu launin ja da kore. Kifin yana da farin ciki kuma yana lullube da duhu duhu ko'ina cikin bayan.
Budegassa - kusan iri ɗaya ne zuwa kallo na farko, bambanci ya ta'allaka ne da baƙar fata na ciki.
Shaidan teku na Amurka - yana da datti fari na ciki, kashin baya da bangarorin su masu launin shuɗi.

Daga cikin jinsunan masu farautar, layin Tekun Gabas, Afirka ta Kudu da Cape Iblis, da dabbobin ruwan tekun Atlantika an bambanta su.

p, blockquote 9,0,0,0,0 ->

Babban abincin kifin shaidan

Kifi na mallakar magogi ne kuma da wuya ya bar zurfin. Zai iya iyo a saman kawai don magani na musamman - herring ko mackerel. Wani lokacin mawuyacin hali na iya kama tsuntsu akan ruwa.

p, blockquote 10,0,0,0,0 -> p, blockquote 11,0,0,0,1 ->

Ainihin, abincin kifin shaidan ya ƙunshi stingrays, squids, flounders, cod, eel da crustaceans, har da ƙananan kifayen kifi, gerbils da sauran cephalopods. A cikin tsammanin ganima, maharbi ya yi ta ƙwanƙolin ƙasa, abinci kuma ya sa jan fitilun. Da zaran kifin ya taɓa shi, iblis ya buɗe bakinsa ya rufe kowane abu da wuri.

Manta ray shine ɗayan kifi mafi girma a duniya. Amma, abin mamaki shine, yayi daidai game da su cewa ilimin kimiyya ba shi da sani kaɗan

Giantswararrun baƙin ƙarfe huɗu da fari suna fita daga duhun teku. Daga bangarorin biyu, jikinsu na kwance suna shiga cikin manyan fikafikan su, wanda suke yawo kamar fuka-fuki. A garken kifi ya tashi cikin ruwa kamar garken tsuntsaye. Tare da bakinsu buɗe baki, mantawa haskoki suna saman ruwa. Ofayansu yana tafiya zuwa ga maɓarnata kuma yana j rightya kai tsaye a gaban su, yana nuna ciki mai haske. Flash ɗin ya yi ƙyalli. Babban kifaye suna zagaye a kan kogin, kuma turaruka suna rarrabawa junan su hau zuwa. Bayan sa'o'i biyu bayan haka, Andrea Marshall ta saukar da hotuna a komputa. Cibiyar bincike da aka rufe a Tofo, wani ƙauyen dake kudancin Mozambique, cike yake, kamar a cikin greenhouse. Fan ɗin baya ajiyewa. Daga nesa yake jin saurin iyo. Shekaru goma, fitaccen masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam mai shekaru 31 Andrea Marshall tana nazarin mafi girman nau'ikan robobi. Manta, ko kuma babban shaidan teku, shine ɗayan manyan kifi a duniya. Raarfin tsofaffi ya kai tan miliyan biyu, tsayin gefansa na iya kaiwa mita bakwai - kusan kamar maƙwallan kwallon kafa.

Akwai irin nau'ikan kwanciya na musamman, da aka bayyana a cikin Kundin Kasuwanci, babban littafin magana mai girma uku a kan shiryayye kusa da Marshall. Amma alamomin a kan taswirar ta duniya sun faɗi wani abu. Haske da shuɗi shuɗi, mai binciken ya ba da alama cewa mazaunin haskoki da aka manta da su. Launi mai launin shuɗi yana nufin nau'in ɗaya, ja - wani.Wannan taswirar shaida ce ta mutum na ka'idar kasancewar ba ɗaya ba, amma nau'ikan kifaye biyu na waɗannan kifayen.

Hotunan yau suna bayyana akan mai duba, wanda Marshall da abokin aikinshi, masanin ilimin halitta na New Zealand Simon Pearce suka ɗauka. Uku daga cikin huɗun abubuwa huɗu da suka haɗu sune tsofaffin sanannun, waɗanda masana kimiyya suka ba wa sunayen laƙabi na Americanan asalin Amurkan: Kamfas, 50 cents da Apple Pie. Masana kimiyya sun rarrabe su da tatsuniyoyi da tabo a ciki da ƙananan ɓangarorin kumburin gefe. Ga kowane kifi sun kirkiro wani salo na musamman. Misali, a gangara na 50 anin, stains akan ciki yayi kama da lambobin "5" da "0", sannan fin fin dafin yashi ya lanƙwasa a cikin harafin “c”, wanda kalmar ɗari (“cent”) ya fara.

Marshall yayi nazarin hotunan rami na huɗu. Wannan mace ce. Duhun duhu a jikinta sunyi kama da ƙafafun zaki. Mai binciken ya gwada hoton tare da hotunan wasu mata daga wurin adana bayanai. Babu ashana. Marshall ya sanya sunan sabon Simba don girmamawa ga ɗan zaki daga katun zakin Sarki.

Simba ita ce ta 743th a cikin kundin bayanan ta. A duk faɗin duniya akwai 'yan ƙasa mai ɗumbin yawa na haskoki, kamar a nan, kusa da bakin tekun Mozambique, kusa da ƙauyen Tofo. Babu ko ɗaya daga cikinsu da aka yi nazarin wannan ba a nan.

Manti suna zaune a cikin tekuna masu ɗumi. Ana nuna fifiko akan taswirar a gabashin gabar gabacin Australia, a yankin tarin tsibirin Pacific, kusa da bakin tekun California, da kuma Caribbean. Amma yawancinsu suna cikin Tekun Indiya: a gefen gabashin gabashin Afirka, kazalika da bakin tekun Thailand da Indonesia. Yawan haskoki da yawa suke rayuwa a cikin tekun? Menene matsakaita rayuwar su da dabi'un su? Kimiyya ba ta da amsar gaskiya ga waɗannan tambayoyin.

Andrea Marshall ita ce ta farko da ta fara bayyana irin wannan shim'idar katuwar tsatsi. A lokacin lokacin kiwo, kowace mace tana da maza kusan 20. Su, kamar jirgin ƙasa mai rai, suna maimaita kowane motarka har ƙarshe mace ta zaɓi namiji ɗaya. Mantle ciki yana kimanin shekara guda, mace ta haifi firiza ɗaya, ƙarancin wanda ya kai mita ɗaya da rabi. Daga farkon minti na rayuwa, an bar ɗan ƙarami zuwa kanta.

Game da jimlar nauyin jikin mutum, mantis suna da mafi girman kwakwalwa a tsakanin duk kifin. Yawancin masana kimiyya sunyi imani da cewa salon rayuwa mai narkewa yana taimakawa ci gaban kwakwalwa. Mantas tana ciyar da rukuni tare da yin iyo tare kan "hanyoyin tsabta" zuwa wuraren tattara masu tsabta kifi. Ana zaton cewa a cikin makarantu na manti suna yin sarauta a tsakanin manya da ƙarami. Manti yakan fito daga ruwan a kai a kai tare da fantsama tare da dunƙulewar saman tekun. Marshall ya ba da shawarar cewa wannan shi ne yadda suke musanya alamun. Dukkanta tana daukar lamuran a matsayin halittu masu matukar hadin kai kuma tana da tabbacin cewa akwai daya daga cikinsu. Wasu suna son sani da wasa, wasu kuma masu kunya ne. Dangane da lura da abubuwan da aka yi a jirgin ruwan Manti a bakin iyakar Mozambique, Amurkan tana ƙoƙarin fallasa wasu asirin halayensu. Kimanin rabin abubuwan skates ɗin da ke rikodin suna zaune a nan har abada; Marshall kullun yana haɗuwa da su lokacin da yake ruwa. Misali, ta taba ganin Mace ta Komfuta da kwaro 50 a lokuta da dama. Amma bayanan da ke kunshe da bayanan sun kunshi mutane dari dari wadanda ta lura a bakin tekun Mozambique, daya ce kacal cikin shekara takwas. Shin wani daidaituwa? Andrea Marshall ta fara zuwa Tofo ne shekaru goma da suka wuce. Bayan haka ta kasance dalibi mai ilimin halittar ruwa a ɗaliban Brisbane na Australiya kuma tana sha'awar daukar hoto a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Wani daga abokanka ya shawarce ta da ta sauka daga bakin tekun Mozambique. Marshall ya girma a kusa da San Francisco. Ta samu takardar shedar digiri a lokacin tana da shekara 12, a lokacin da ta kai shekara 15 tana da kwale-kwalen hawa dubu dari biyar. Amma babu wani wuri a duniya da ta taba ganin irin wannan duniyar mai cike da ruwa kamar ta gefen bakin tekun Mozambique. Kuma mafi mahimmanci - a nan zaku iya haɗuwa da ɓarna a kowace rana. A sauran wuraren sanannu don ruwa, waɗannan kifayen suna buƙatar sa ido daga jirgin sama.

Komawa zuwa Brisbane, Andrea Marshall ya yanke shawarar rubuta takarda akan haskoki manta. Farfesa Michael Bennett “ya dube ni kamar mahaukaci.” Tabbas, waɗannan dabbobin ba su da fahimta. Amma akwai bayani game da wannan: ramps suna da wuya, kuma nazarin su yana da tsada. Gabaɗaya: ta yaya zan rubuta rubutun a Afirka tun yana ɗan shekara 22?! ” - ambaton Marshall. Amma ta yanke shawarar daukar zarafi. Sayar da mota da kayayyaki a Brisbane, Andrea ya tashi zuwa Mozambique. A ƙauyen Tofo, ta zauna a bukka ba tare da ruwa da haske ba. Masunta sun ɗauke ta a cikin jirgin ruwa zuwa ɗayan reefs, sannan suka dawo da ita. Daga baya, kwararrun kifin masaniyar Simon Pearce ya shiga tare da ita. Amma a farkon shekarun, ta saba sabawa babban umarni mai maye - ba ta taɓa nutsuwa ita kaɗai.

Watanni shida kenan da suka iso Tofo. Wata maraice, tana kallon hotunan ɓoyewa, Andrea Marshall ta lura da wani abin mamaki. Wasu kifayen da alama sun fi girma da duhu fiye da sauran. "Da farko, na yanke shawarar cewa waɗannan tsofaffi ne," in ji ta. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ta lura da wasu bambance-bambance. Sai ya zama cewa babban gilat ɗin manti ya ciyar kuma ya yi nishi ban da ƙananan rago. Bugu da kari, da kyar suka riske ta, sabanin kananan kayan kwanciya, da ta gamu da ita kowace rana. Shin wannan yana nufin cewa stingrays - kamar kisa Whales - an kasu kashi biyu: zauna da ƙaura? A kwana a tashi, wani bayanin mai yiwuwa ya sake zuwa zuciyar ta. Bayan shekara ɗaya da rabi, Andrea ta koma Brisbane kuma ta raba ka'idar tare da farfesa: akwai nau'i biyu na manti. "Bai saurare shi ba, amma sauran abubuwan da na lura sun burge shi." An amince da batun batun rubutun. Andrea Marshall ta nemi shawara tare da wasu kwararrun ramp guda biyar, amma ba dayansu da ya goyi bayan bayananta ba. An rarraba kusan Manti kusan a duk faɗin duniya, kuma ƙirƙirar sababbin nau'in yana ba da gudummawa ga warewar ƙasa. Babu makawa cewa, in babu shinge na dabi'a, an samu halittu biyu. Bugu da kari, a cikin kwatancen bincike na mantas na DNA, ba a sami bambance-bambance ba. Wannan wata hujja ce da ta gaba da akanta. Gurasa ya fara riga da bakwai da safe. Marshall yana kallo daga bakin tekun zuwa cikin teku. A rana ta huɗu, wani dogon gizagizai mai duhu da ke kan layi yana ta shimfidawa a gefen tekun kudu na Mozambique. Wadannan algae na microscopic sune farkon farkon jerin abincin teku. Dole ne mu jira iska ta canza kuma ta ɗauki wannan tokar daga bayar zuwa bakin teku. A cikin ruwa mai laka, yana da wuya a bi sawun wards din sa.

Marshall ya yanke shawarar gwada sa'ar sa. A ranar da ya wuce, gungun mutane dabam-dabam sun lura da katuwar ruwa mai kama da ruwa. Mai binciken yana son shigar da mai watsa tauraron dan adam a daya daga cikin kifin. Tana ɗaukar hotuna masu watsa rediyo masu ƙanshin wuta zuwa fatar ƙaramin haskoki. Lokacin da ramin alama ya yi iyo a cikin radiyo na mita 500 daga rediyo, ana ɗauka kuma ana yin rikodin siginar mai watsa shi. Marshall ya sanya rediyo 12 a gefen tekun mai nisan mil kilomita a Tofo Bay. Don haka tana iya tantance inda ciyawar take sau da yawa.

Amma jigilar jigilar kwayoyin cuta ba kyau don bin mantas na ƙaura. Marshall tana ɗaukar waɗannan ɓoyayyun a matsayin ƙazamar ƙaura, wanda sau ɗaya ta sadu da ita. Suna bayyana kamar daga babu inda suke, kwana ɗaya ko biyu a cikin bay kuma sun shuɗe. Ina zasu je? A ina suka yi aure kuma suka haihu?

Mai binciken yana kokarin tabbatar da cewa babbar girar manti wacce take neman abinci tana yawo a cikin tekun. Tuni ta samar da tara daga cikin wannan rukunin saman tare da masu watsa tauraron 20-cm. Duk lokacin da rayukan mantuwa suka bayyana a sama, na'urar za ta watsa abubuwan da ke tattare da kifin zuwa tauraron dan adam. Kowane mai watsa yana kashe $ 5,000. Kuma galibi ana rasa shi ne a cikin 'yan watanni bayan shigarwa.

GPS mai kera siginar yana zuwa lokacin da aka bayar. Andrea Marshall da Simon Pierc sun saka kayan sawa, dauke da kyamarar da bututun karfe na tagulla mai mita na ruwa domin dasa jigilar kayayyaki da nutsewa cikin teku. Mai halin yanzu yana da ƙarfi, iyawar gani a cikin ruwa mai laka. Yankin ruwa na karkashin ruwa tare da murjani, murhu da kogon dutse da alama an rufe shi cikin ruwa. Yankuna iri daban-daban suna yin iyo sau tara, baƙi, sun wuce kifin zaki da mai saurin dankalin turawa. Kuma ba zato ba tsammani sun daina.

Don tabbatar da wanzuwar sabon nau'in, muna buƙatar hujja mai ƙarfi. Ofayan babban sharuɗɗan shine bambance-bambance na waje. Masana ilimin halitta sun bayyana dalla-dalla yadda tsarin dabba yake, gabobinsa, launi da salon rayuwarsa. Bayanan nazarin kwayoyin halitta kusan suna haɗe da irin wannan bayanin.

A cikin 2007, Marshall ba tare da su ba. A waccan lokacin, ta karancin haskoki da suka manta a gabar tekun Mozambique kusan shekara biyar, bayan da ta gama samar da ruwa 1300. Ta yi tafiya zuwa Mexico, Thailand, da Ecuador don bincika yawan mazaunan yankin. Andari da ƙarin dige sun bayyana a taswirarta. A cikin jan, ta nuna mazaunin kananan kayan gado, cikin shuɗi - rarraba manyan manya. Amma hasashenta game da kasancewar nau'ikan kifayen waɗannan kifayen ba a tabbatar da su ba.

A watan Mayun 2007, ta je Indonesia, inda a ke gabar tekun tsibirin Lombok ke masana'antar kamun kifi don manyan rayukan haskoki. Tana buƙatar samfurin guda ɗaya don binciken kimiyyar ɗan adam. A kasuwar karamar hukumar, tare da taimakon masunta, ta juya gawar a inda ta jawo hankulan mutane zuwa gindin wutsiyar. Ta mik'e ta cire fatar. Kuma ta kasance stupefied.

Kakannin alkyabbar yana da ƙaya mai dafi a cikin wutsiyarsa; a cikin wasu nau'o'in roba, yana rayuwa har wa yau. Kuma alkyabbar ta ɓace yayin juyin halitta. Don haka, a kowane yanayi, masana kimiyya sun yi tunani. Taramin mantas da gaske ba. Amma daga kashin wutsiyar katon manti a kasuwar tsibirin Lombok, da take fitowa ... dogayen lebe mai tsawon milimita - wani ƙaramin ƙara. "A ƙarshe, Na sami bambanci na ɗabi'a dari bisa ɗari!" - in ji Marshall.

Luck ya ci gaba. Manyan katuna biyu na farko wanda ta shigar da tauraron dan adam, wanda aka yiwa sunan Marshall don girmamawa ga manyan matuƙan jirgin ruwa Cook da Magellan. Cook ya rasa jigilar jigilar bayan makonni uku, amma Magellan ya yi tafiyar tsawon watanni biyu 1,100 kilomita kudu da gabar Mozambique kuma tuni ya ɓace da mai wucewa bayan Durban (Afirka ta Kudu). Wannan ya tabbatar da zato na Marshall cewa manyan manti “masu yawon teku ne.” Sakamakon gwajin kwayoyin halitta ya tabbatar da hakkinta. Lallai akwai mantas iri biyu a duniya.

A watan Yuli na shekarar 2008, Andrea Marshall ta gabatar da rahoto game da shekarun bincike da ta yi a majalissar masana ilimin kimiya na Canada. Ray manta, ta sanar, ta hada da jinsuna biyu - giant manta ray (manta birostris) da karamar ray ray (manta alfredi). Bayan wasan kwaikwayon ta, shiru ya fadi a zauren.

Andrea Marshall ta zauna a tebur da rigar gashi bayan nutsewa. Binciken yau bai yi nasara ba; shi da Pierce ba su sami “antan girma” a ƙarƙashin ruwa ba. Amma ƙaddara ta riga ta ƙalubalanci mai binciken sabon ƙalubalen. Andrea ya fitar da taswirar duniya. Kwanan nan, tare da ja da shuɗi shuɗi, alamun rawaya sun bayyana a kai. Sun fi mayar da hankali ne a Gaban Mexico da Caribbean.

Da zarar ta yanar gizo, sai ta tarar da wani hoto na rowa, wanda zai iya wakilin wata nau'I na rigakafi, in ji Marshall. "Na ga hoto na manti kuma na yi tunani: wo, amma ban san hakan ba!"

Girman wannan dabba marar lahani hakika abin mamaki ne. Kadai wanda ya isa ya kawo hari shaidan tekun shi ne manyan kifayen dabbobi. A matsayin makamin kare kai, mantas basu da komai. Ba su da tsage-tsalle masu kaifi, kamar sitora, kuma ba sa fitar da fitowar lantarki, kamar wasu gangara. Sabili da haka, harin zai iya kawo ƙarshen baƙin ciki a kan Manta.

Amma mutum ya tabbatar da amincin waɗannan dabbobin a kwanan nan, kuma a cikin 60s na ƙarni na 20. shaidanun teku suka bayyana a gaban mutane ta hanyar halittar jini. Har ila yau ana yin fina-finai mai kyau inda manty ya bayyana a cikin rawar masu kisa.

Amma sanin su da kyau ya bayyana sarai cewa ba masu kisan ba ne. Manti yana ciyar da plankton, larvae da ƙananan kifi. Sukan fitarda wannan karamar rawar kamar misalin kifi Whales - yin iyo da bakinsu a buɗe, suna tace ruwan, suna barin abinci a bakinsu.

Kwakwalwar shaidan teku tayi girma fiye da ta sauran muryoyi ko sharks. Don yanayinsu na sauri, damuwa, da ƙarfin haskoki, sun cancanci ƙauna sosai a tsakanin mutane da yawa a duniya waɗanda ke zuwa tsibiran Tekun Indiya don yin iyo tare da gefen haskoki. Bugu da kari, suna da matukar son sani. Lokacin da wani abu mai ban sha'awa ya bayyana a kan farfajiya, sai ya zube ya sauka a kan raƙuman ruwa, yana kallon abin da ke faruwa. Wataƙila don haka ne a zamanin da taro na jirgin ruwa tare da babban "kafet", wanda ke kallon ka da sha'awar, ya ba da halayyar jijiyoyi ga shaidan teku?

Wani fasalin na manti shine tsalle-tsalle akan ruwa. Ba daidai bane ainihin manufar shaidan, shine tsalle 1.5 a saman ruwa. Ana jin saukar sautin jiki na ton 2 na jiki na tsawon mil da yawa a kusa, kuma watakila wannan shine maƙasudin tsalle - don jawo hankalin abokin tarayya ko kashe karamin kifin?

Af, shaidan teku yana haifarwa da wuya. Mace ta haifi ɗa guda ɗaya da aka haife shi fiye da 1 m. An haifi ƙaramin shaidan da ake jiyo shi cikin bututu, amma, bayan ya bar mahaifiyar mahaifiyarsa, nan da nan ya baje fikafikansa ya fara "tashi" a cikin da'ira a kusa da wata mace girma.

A cikin zaman talala, ana samun shaidanun teku a cikin manyan aquariums guda 5 kawai a duniya. Labari mai dadi shine cewa, duk da irin wannan sanadin haihuwa, a zaman bauta ana iya barnatar da su. A shekara ta 2007, an haifi shaidan teku a Japan. Har aka nuna haihuwar jariri a talabijin, wanda ke nuna kaunar mutumin ga wannan kyakkyawan dabba. Gaskiya ne wannan soyayyar ta zo ne da gaske, amma mutane suna gyara kansu gaban shaidan na teku.

Anglerfish, ko anglerfish, kifi ne mai ƙoshin ruwan teku, wanda yake a cikin kifin ray-finned fish, subclass of newfin, kifin bcc kifin, odar kifin kifin, kifin azaman kifin, anglerfish, kyan halittar anglerfish (babban anglerfish), ko shaidanun teku (lat. )

Ba a fahimta sosai game da ilmin kimiyar halittar Latin ta sunan aljannu. Wasu masana suna da ra'ayin cewa ya fito ne daga jujjuyawar kalmar "Greek", "ma'ana crest wanda yayi kama da jajayen wannan kifin. Sauran masu binciken suna danganta shi da wani nau'in crest wanda yake gudana tare da duka bayan. Sanannen suna "angler" ya bayyana ne saboda tsayi da ƙaramin haske na farkon ƙarar, yana sanye da kayan bait (esk) kuma yayi kama da kamun kifi. Kuma saboda banbancin da ya banbanta da yanayin mai farauta, ana masa lakabi da "layin teku". Sakamakon cewa anglerfish na iya motsawa tare da ruwan teku, fara daga shi tare da ƙusoshin ɗan ƙaramin sauƙi, a wasu ƙasashe anglers suna kiran su.

Monkfish (kifi) - bayanin, tsari, hoto. Menene irin wannan biri?

Aljanun manyan kifayen kifi ne da suke rayuwa a doron kasa har suka kai tsawon mita 1.5-2. Theididdigar ruwan monkfish shine kilo 20 ko fiye. Gangar jikin da katon kai da ke gill slill suna da ƙarfi a kwance a cikin kwance. A kusan duk nau'in nau'in anglerfish, bakin yana da faɗi sosai kuma yana buɗe kusan akan kowane kewayen kai. Jawaramin ƙananan ba ta da waya sama da na sama, kuma a ɗanɗaɗɗa gaba. Masu garkuwar suna dauke da manyan hakora masu kaifi, waɗanda ke lanƙwasa ciki. Kafafu masu santsi da sassauya na jaws suna taimakawa kifin hadiye abin da ya ci, wanda ya fi su kusan sau biyu.

Idanun dodon biri sun yi kadan, an sanya su kusa, a saman kai. Finfin dorsal ya ƙunshi sassa biyu waɗanda suka rabu da juna, ɗayan ɗayansu mai laushi ne kuma an jingine shi ga wutsiya, na biyu kuma an haɗa shi da haskoki shida, uku daga ciki suna kan kansa, kuma uku a bayansa. Hasken gaban gaba wanda aka cire shi daga dorsal fin an canza shi zuwa saman muƙamuƙi kuma wani nau'i ne na "sanda", a saman sa akwai samara na fata (eska) wanda acikin kwayar halittar ƙwaya ke rayuwa, waɗanda sune ƙararran abin da zai yiwu.

Saboda gaskiyar cewa guguwar monkfish tana da ƙarfi tare da kasusuwa na kasusuwa, suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma suna ba da izinin kifin ba kawai su haƙa zuwa cikin ƙasa ba, har ma don motsawa ta rarrafe ko amfani da tsalle-tsalle na peculiar. Farfin ventral ƙarancin buƙata ne akan tsarin motsi mai kisa kuma suna kan jijiya.

Abin lura ne cewa jikin anglerfish, wanda aka fentin launin shuɗi mai duhu ko launuka masu duhu (galibi tare da shirya launuka masu haske), an rufe shi ba tare da sikeli ba, amma tare da ire-iren gizan da suka lalace, tubercles, mai tsayi ko launin fata mai launi, mai kama da algae. Wannan kamara yana ba mai izinin izinin jira a cikin ɓoye na algae ko a kasan yashi.

Ina angler ke zaune (dodon kifi)?

Yankin rarraba kayan halittar angina yana da faɗi sosai. Ya hada da yammacin ruwan Tekun Atlantika, wanke bakin Kanada da Amurka ta Amurka, gabashin tekun, raƙuman ruwan teku waɗanda suka doshi tsibirin Iceland da Tsibirin Biritaniya, da kuma zurfin zurfin Arewacin, Barents da Baltic Teas. Akwai wasu nau'ikan shaidanun teku da ke bakin tekun Japan da Koriya, cikin ruwan Tekun Okhotsk da Bahar Rawaya, a Tekun Pacific da kuma Tekun Bahar Rum. Har ila yau, Angola suna zaune a zurfin Tekun Indiya, suna rufe bakin daga ƙarshen kudanci na Afirka. Dangane da nau'in halittu, aljanun teku suna rayuwa a zurfin daga mita 18 zuwa kilomita 2 ko sama da haka.

Me ke cin anglerfish (anglerfish)?

A cikin hoton abinci mai gina jiki, shaidanun teku sune magabatansu. Tushen abincinsu shine kifayen da suke rayuwa a ƙasan ruwa. Gerbils da ƙananan ɓoye da ƙananan kifayen kifi, mala'iku, flounders, cephalopods (squid, cuttlefish) da wasu nau'ikan crustaceans suna shiga cikin baƙin anglers. Wasu lokuta waɗannan mafarautan suna tashi kusa da saman ruwa, inda suke farauta kiwo ko mackerel. Musamman ma, an lura da kararraki inda malalar harka ta kai hari ga tsuntsayen da ke tafe cikin natsuwa a raƙuman ruwa.

Dukkan aljanu na teku suna farauta. Godiya ga camouflage na halitta, ba shi yiwuwa a lura da su lokacin da suke yin motsi a ƙasan, a binne su a ƙasa ko a ɓoye a cikin ɓoyayyun haƙogin. Mai yuwuwar wanda aka azabtar yana jan hankalin saiti, wanda ke bakin layin teku a karshen wani irin sanda - mai walima mai dadewa na fin din gabancin. Duk lokacin da crustaceans, invertebrates ko kifaye masu wucewa ta taɓa eska, monkfish yayi buɗe bakinsa. Sakamakon wannan, an ƙirƙiri sararin samaniya, kuma rafin ruwa, tare da wanda aka azabtar ba shi da lokacin ɗaukar komai, sai ya kutsa cikin bakin maƙiyin, domin lokacin da ya ɗauka bai wuce mil 6 ba.

An ɗauka daga shafin: bestiarium.kryptozoologie.net

Jira don ganima, dodon ruwa ya sami damar yin motsi ba tare da an daɗe ba. Dakatarwa tsakanin numfashi na iya wucewa daga minti ɗaya zuwa biyu.

A baya, an yi imanin cewa "sandan kamun kifi" na layin teku tare da koto, wanda ke wayar hannu ta kowane bangare, yana taimakawa don jan ganima, kuma kifayen baki suna buɗe manyan bakinsu kawai lokacin da suka taɓa kifin da ake gani. Koyaya, masana kimiyya sun iya tabbatar da cewa bakin mafarautan yana buɗewa ta atomatik, koda kuwa wani abu da ke wucewa ya taɓa ƙungiyar.

Anglerfish ma ba ya zama mai haɗama da shuɗi. Wannan yakan haifar da mutuwarsu. Samun babban bakin da ciki, dabbar dabbar dabbar ta iya kama babban ganima. Saboda kaifi da dogayen hakora, mafarauci bazai iya barin wanda aka azabtar dashi ba, wanda bai dace dashi a ciki ba, kuma yayi awon gaba dashi. Akwai wasu lokuta da aka sani idan suna cikin cinyar maharbi, masunta sun sami ganima 7-10 cm ƙasa da dodon biri.

Iri shaidanun teku (anguna), sunaye da hotuna.

A cikin sifofin angler (lat. Lophius) a yau sun hada da nau'ikan 7:

Lophius americanus (Valenciennes, 1837) - anglerfish ta Amurka (monkfish ta Amurka)
Lophius budegassa (Spinola, 1807) - Mala'ika mai nuna bakar fata, ko bakar fata na Kudancin Turai, ko Budegas angler
Lophius gastrophysus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1915) - Angler na yamma
Lophius litulon (Jordan, 1902) - Farn monkfish, Gabashin bakin ruwa, angonish na Japan
Lophius piscatorius (Linnaeus, 1758) - Monkfish na Turai
Lophius vaillanti (Regan, 1903) - Angler na Afirka ta Kudu
Lophius vomerinus (Valenciennes, 1837) - Cape (Burmese) monkfish

Da ke ƙasa akwai bayanin nau'ikan angulu.

- Wannan kifi ne mai dimersal (a kasan), yana da tsawonsa daga 0.9 m zuwa 1.2 m tare da nauyin jikin mutum mai nauyin kilogram 22.6. Godiya ga babban abin zagaye da kuma matsewar jiki ga wutsiya, anglerfish din Amurka tayi kama da tadpole. Jawashin ƙananan muƙamuƙi na babban, babban bakin yana da ƙarfi sosai. Abin lura ne cewa har ma da rufe bakin, wannan maƙiyin yana da ƙananan hakora. Dukansu manya da ƙananan jaws an haɗu da su a zahiri tare da haƙoran hakora mai kaifi, karkata zuwa zurfin bakin kuma ya kai tsawon 2.5 cm .. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙi hakoran tekun sun kusan dukkanin manyan kuma ana tsara su cikin layi uku. A saman muƙamuƙi, manyan hakora suna girma ne kawai a tsakiya, kuma a ɓangaren ɓangaren suna ƙarami, ban da akwai ƙananan hakora a saman ramin baka. Illsarancin kwalayen ana rasa su nan da nan a bayan da dirsin din. Idanun karamin biri ya duddube sama. Kamar kowane anggers, ray na farko yana da elongated kuma yana da haɓakar fata, yana haske saboda kwayoyin da ke can. Fentin fata na baya da bangarorin an fentin su cikin sautunan launin ruwan kasa-launuka iri-iri kuma an rufe su da ƙananan haske ko duhu mai duhu, yayin da ciki yana da farar launi mai laushi. Rayuwar rayuwar layin marine wannan na iya kaiwa shekaru 30. Yankunan rarraba kifayen kifin na Amurka ya haɗa da arewa maso yamma na Tekun Atlantika mai zurfin zurfin har zuwa 670 m, yana daga lardunan Kanada na Newfoundland da Quebec zuwa tekun arewa maso gabashin jihar Florida ta Arewacin Amurka. Wannan maƙiyin yana jin daɗi cikin ruwa tare da yanayin zafi daga 0 ° C zuwa + 21 ° C akan yashi, tsakuwa, yumbu ko silima ƙasa, gami da kifayen da aka mutu da aka lalata tare da ɓarna.

ya kai tsawon mita 2, kuma nauyin kowane mutum ya wuce kilogiram 20. Dukkanin wadannan tsintsayen sun watse a cikin shugabanci daga baya har zuwa ciki. Girman girman kai zai iya zama 75% na tsawon kifin gaba ɗaya. Yankin monkfish na Turai yana da babban bakin da yake kama da wata mai ƙara, tare da ɗumbin yawa na bakin ciki, da aka nuna, ɗan haƙoran haƙora kamar ƙugiya, da ƙananan muƙamuƙi waɗanda ke daɗaɗa gaba. Abubuwan buɗe ido kamar buɗe ido suna buɗe a ƙasa mai fadi, bonesasusuwa mai ƙarfi na kasusuwa na ƙasusuwa, wanda ya ba da izinin ƙasashen Turai su motsa tare da ƙasa ko tono a ciki. Jiki mai laushi, mara ƙarancin waɗannan ƙananan kifayen an rufe shi da ɗambin ɗambin ƙasusuwa ko tsirar fata mai tsayi da tsayi da siffofi daban-daban. Iri ɗaya “kayan ado” kamar na gemu sun kewaye jaw da lebe, haka ma gefen gefen bakin dutsen biri biri na Turai. Finster dorsal fin din yana wajen gaban fin fin. Finfin murfin ƙashi ya ƙunshi haskoki 6, na farkon wanda yake a saman angler kuma zai iya kai tsawon 40-50 cm. A saman sa akwai 'yar aljihun' fata wanda ke haskakawa cikin duhu mai zurfin ruwa na ƙasa. Launin kowa ya bambanta da ɗangi dangane da mazaunin waɗannan kifayen. Baya da bangarorin, waɗanda aka rufe da duhu duhu, ana iya fentin su cikin launin ruwan kasa, launuka masu launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi, sabanin ciki, wanda ke da fararen launi. Yankin monkfish na Turai yana zaune a Tekun Atlantika, yana wanke bakin tekun Turai, yana farawa daga tekun Iceland kuma ya ƙare tare da Gulf of Guinea. Wadannan “kyawawan halittun” ana iya samun su ba wai kawai a cikin ruwan sanyi na Arewa, Baltic da Barents teku ko a Tashoshin Turanci ba, har ma a cikin Bahar Maliya mai zafi. Malaman Turai suna rayuwa a zurfin 18 zuwa 550 m.

A tsari da tsari, wannan nau'in kifin ruwan teku yana da kusanci da takwararsa ta Turai, amma ya bambanta da ita tana da girman matsakaici da kuma kai wanda ba shi da kusanci da jiki. Tsawon layin teku ya tashi daga mita 0.5 zuwa 1. Tsarin kayan aikin jaw babu banbanci da sauran mutanen daban. Wannan nau'in shaidan na teku ya sami sunan ta saboda halayyar sihiri na peritoneum, yayin da yake bayanta da bangarorin an zana su a cikin launuka daban-daban na launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda mai haske. Ya danganta da mazauninsu, jikin wasu mutane na iya rufe shi da duhu ko haske. Abubuwan fata na fata mai launin shuɗi ko launin yashi mai haske, iyakokin jaws da shugaban mai malalar baƙi mai ƙyalƙyali, ƙanana ne a cikin tsayi kuma ba wuya bane. Tsawon rayuwar dabbar bakin biri mai bakin fata ba ya wuce shekaru 21. Wannan nau'in ya bazu ko'ina a gabashin Tekun Atlantika a sararin samaniya duka - daga Burtaniya da Ireland zuwa bakin tekun Senegal, inda biri ya kasance mai zurfin mil 300 zuwa 650. Hakanan ana iya samun baƙin daskarar da baƙi a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya a zurfin 1 kilomita.

Kasancewar mazaunin ruwan Jafananci ne, Okhotsk, Rawaya da Tekun Gabas ta China, da kuma wani karamin sashi na Tekun Pacific a gabar tekun Japan, inda ake samunsa a zurfafan nisan daga 50 m zuwa 2 kilomita. Mutane daban-daban na wannan nau'in sun girma zuwa mita 1.5 a tsawonsa. Kamar kowane wakilai na halittar Lophius, Jafananci monkfish yana da jiki mara nauyi a cikin hanyar kwance, amma sabanin dangin sa suna da wutsiya mai tsayi. Hakoran hakora masu lanƙwasa ga makogwaro a cikin ƙananan jaw da aka shimfida a gaba ana shirya su a cikin layuka biyu. Jikin fata mai launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi, an rufe shi da yalwar fuskoki da ƙwanƙwasa balm, ana fenti cikin launin shuɗi mai haske, wanda haske mai duhu tare da daskararren duhu ya bazu. Ba kamar baya ba da tarnaƙi, ciki na kayan aikin ruwan gabashin gabas haske ne. Doarfin ƙyallen kai, farji da na bakin ciki suna duhu cikin launi, amma suna da nasihu masu haske.

Santa Barbara, ko Burmaese Monkfish, (lat.Lophius vomerinus) Cikakken yanayi mai girman kansa da kuma gajeriyar wutsiya, yana zaune da ƙasa da sulusin tsayin jikin duka. Girman manya ba su wuce mita 1. Tsawon rayuwarsu bai wuce shekaru 11 ba. Cape Angler na rayuwa a nisan mil 150 zuwa 400 a kudu maso gabashin Atlantic da yammacin Tekun Indiya, tare da gabar Namibia, Mozambique da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu. Hasken launin ruwan kasa mai layin Burmese an lasafta daga baya zuwa ciki kuma an rufe shi da yanki mai ɗimbin yawa na fata. Eska, wanda yake saman fatar farko na dorsal, yayi kama da abin da aka sani. Gill slits suna kasancewa a bayan ƙashin keɓaɓɓun ƙananan kuma a ƙasa da matakin su. Lowerananan jikin (ciki) ya fi sauƙi, kusan fari.